Townes-Brocks Syndrome

Townes-Brocks syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by an obstruction of the anal opening (imperforate anus), abnormally shaped ears, and thumb malformations. Most affected individuals have at least two of these three main features. Other signs and symptoms may include kidney abnormalities, hearing loss, heart defects, genital malformations and intellectual disability. The condition is caused by mutations in the SALL1 gene which provides instructions for making proteins that are involved in the formation of tissues and organs before birth. In rare cases, the syndrome may be caused by a mutation in the SALL4 gene. Inheritance is autosomal dominant. Imperforate anus is corrected with surgery as soon as possible, after the baby is born. The hearing loss should be treated early; the thumb malformation is also treated with surgery when needed.