Periodontitis, Chronic

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Retrieved

2019-09-22

Source

Omim

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Genes

TNFSF11, CXCL12, MMP9, MMP2, IL1A, TNF, TLR2, VDR, MMP1, IL10, CXCL8, IL6, IL4, IL1B, TLR4, IL17A, DEFB1, TNFRSF11B, IFNG, TGFB1, PTGS2, CD14, IL1RN, CRP, IL18, TIMP1, MMP3, IL17F, BTF3P11, IL2

TNFSF11, CXCL12, MMP9, MMP2, IL1A, TNF, TLR2, VDR, MMP1, IL10, CXCL8, IL6, IL4, IL1B, TLR4, IL17A, DEFB1, TNFRSF11B, IFNG, TGFB1, PTGS2, CD14, IL1RN, CRP, IL18, TIMP1, MMP3, IL17F, BTF3P11, IL2, COX2, NR1I2, NLRP3, MTCO2P12, CCR5, IL33, AGER, TIMP2, MMP8, LTA, NIN, SLC52A1, ICAM1, F2RL1, ESR1, IL13, IL4R, SELE, LXN, RETN, HLA-DRB1, RBP4, MIR146A, ADAM8, CASP1, HAP1, CTLA4, CDKN2B-AS1, SOST, FOXP3, STS, SERPINE1, AIM2, PYCARD, CASP3, DEFB4A, LEP, MPO, APEX1, CCL2, BRINP3, EDN1, AP3B2, ACE, VCAM1, ADGRE1, GCFC2, FCGR2A, TCN1, LIN28A, MIR3652, SLC23A2, NPEPPS, MIR375, CXCL14, BMS1, BCL2L11, SLC23A1, NCR2, DAB2IP, TNFRSF1B, EDIL3, MIR144, PWAR1, LRPPRC, MIR499B, VTN, VEGFA, ADIPOQ, SOCS1, CP20, CXCR4, RIPK2, SIGLEC5, TNFRSF11A, MIR142, TNFRSF10C, IL1R2, PGLYRP1, WNT5A, SMC3, IL32, CD163, MIR155, CNOT8, FGD5-AS1, ABHD12B, MLKL, MIR3609, ARHGEF28, WHAMM, THNSL2, SLC50A1, GOPC, SEMA6A, BEGAIN, HAMP, ZNF410, POPDC2, NOD2, IFIH1, MMP28, MIR1226, SLC52A2, FBXO38, NDEL1, MRGPRX2, NLRC5, ABCC11, UBE3D, UCN2, ZNF675, IFNL3, UCN3, RBM45, QPCTL, FBLIM1, TLR9, EBI3, POP1, IL24, RIPK3, DEFB104A, DKK1, SIRT1, KRT23, MIR125A, GTF2H5, PYDC2, IL37, PSAT1, DEFB4B, TBX21, C20orf181, MIR381, MZB1, AMTN, MALAT1, MIR499A, DEFB104B, IL23A, ITGA11, ACACA, TIMP3, CSF1, CTSD, CUX1, CYMD, DECR1, EGF, EGFR, ELANE, ELAVL2, ERCC2, ESR2, F2R, FAP, FCGR2B, FOXO1, FLT1, FN1, GAD1, GC, CXCR3, GPX1, GRN, HGD, HGF, HGFAC, HIF1A, CSF2, COL17A1, THRB, COL1A1, AGT, AGTR1, AHSG, APOE, KLK3, AQP3, AZU1, BDNF, BMP2, BPI, C4A, C4B, MPPED1, CAMP, CASP8, CD1A, CD4, CD19, CD38, CD59, CD68, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, CDSN, CLU, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB3, HMGB1, OSM, PRDX1, PF4, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, PIK3CG, PLAG1, PLG, SERPINF2, PPARG, PTGDS, PTX3, MOK, REN, S100A8, SFTPD, SOD2, ABCC8, TAGLN, PRDX2, NR2F2, TGM1, TGM2, TGM3, NPY, NOS3, NOS2, IL12B, IFI16, IFNGR2, IGF1, IGHA1, IGHG3, IL2RA, IL3RA, IL5, IL6R, IL6ST, IL12A, IL12RB2, NM, INPP5D, KCNK1, KCNQ1, KDR, LTF, MBL2, MEFV, MICB, MMP12, MUC7, NFYA, PROS1

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Description

Chronic periodontitis, formerly called adult periodontitis, is the most frequently occurring form of periodontitis and is characterized by slowly progressing alveolar bone destruction and attachment loss. Although chronic periodontitis is most prevalent in adults and has a slow progression, it can occur in children and adolescents and may have periods of rapid progression (Armitage, 1999).

Inheritance

In a questionnaire study of 4,908 twin pairs, Corey et al. (1993) found that concordance rates for periodontitis were 0.23-0.36 for monozygotic (MZ) twins and 9.98-0.16 for dizygotic (DZ) twins. However, in this study, environmental factors such as smoking were not controlled, thereby creating bias toward establishing a correlation between twins.

In a study of 64 MZ and 53 DZ adult twin pairs, Michalowicz et al. (2000) used maximum likelihood estimation techniques to estimate, according to path models, genetic and environmental variances and heritability in chronic periodontitis. MZ twins were found to be more similar than DZ twins for all clinical measures. Statistically significant genetic variance was found for both the severity and extent of disease. Adult periodontitis was estimated to have 50% heritability, which was unaltered following adjustments for behavioral variables, including smoking.