Post-encephalitic Parkinsonism is a disease believed to be caused by a viral illness that triggers degeneration of the nerve cells in the substantia nigra. Overall, this degeneration leads to clinical parkinsonism.
Historically, starting in 1917 an epidemic of encephalitis lethargica, also called von Economo’s encephalitis or "sleepy-disease" occurred, possibly related to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic; however, even with the use of modern molecular diagnostic tests on appropriate corpses no firm link between encephalitis lethargica with influenza has been made. Although parkinsonism was occasionally seen during the acute
encephalitic phase of encephalitis lethargica, it was often encountered in the post-encephalitic phase. The onset of post encephalitic
parkinsonism can be delayed by several years from the resolution of encephalitis lethargica.
The brain regions affected contain neurofibrillary tangles, similar to those seen in Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, the senile plaques common in Alzheimer's disease are not found.
Further reading
- Evidente V, Gwinn K (1998). "Post-encephalitic parkinsonism" (PDF). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 64 (1): 5. doi:10.1136/jnnp.64.1.5. PMC 2169890. PMID 9436719.
External links
Diseases of the nervous system, primarily CNS |
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Inflammation | Brain |
- Encephalitis
- Viral encephalitis
- Herpesviral encephalitis
- Limbic encephalitis
- Encephalitis lethargica
- Cavernous sinus thrombosis
- Brain abscess
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Brain and spinal cord |
- Encephalomyelitis
- Meningitis
- Meningoencephalitis
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Brain/ encephalopathy | Degenerative | Extrapyramidal and movement disorders |
- Basal ganglia disease
- Parkinsonism
- PKAN
- Tauopathy
- Striatonigral degeneration
- Hemiballismus
- HD
- OA
- Dyskinesia
- Dystonia
- Status dystonicus
- Spasmodic torticollis
- Meige's
- Blepharospasm
- Athetosis
- Chorea
- Myoclonus
- Akathisia
- Tremor
- Essential tremor
- Intention tremor
- Restless legs
- Stiff-person
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Dementia |
- Tauopathy
- Alzheimer's
- Primary progressive aphasia
- Frontotemporal dementia/Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
- Pick's
- Dementia with Lewy bodies
- Posterior cortical atrophy
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Mitochondrial disease | |
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Demyelinating |
- Autoimmune
- Inflammatory
- Multiple sclerosis
- For more detailed coverage, see Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS
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Episodic/ paroxysmal | Seizures and epilepsy |
- Focal
- Generalised
- Status epilepticus
- For more detailed coverage, see Template:Epilepsy
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Headache |
- Migraine
- Cluster
- Tension
- For more detailed coverage, see Template:Headache
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Cerebrovascular |
- TIA
- Stroke
- For more detailed coverage, see Template:Cerebrovascular diseases
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Other |
- Sleep disorders
- For more detailed coverage, see Template:Sleep
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CSF |
- Intracranial hypertension
- Hydrocephalus
- Normal pressure hydrocephalus
- Choroid plexus papilloma
- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
- Cerebral edema
- Intracranial hypotension
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Other |
- Brain herniation
- Reye syndrome
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Toxic encephalopathy
- Hashimoto's encephalopathy
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Both/either | Degenerative | SA |
- Friedreich's ataxia
- Ataxia–telangiectasia
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MND |
- UMN only:
- Primary lateral sclerosis
- Pseudobulbar palsy
- Hereditary spastic paraplegia
- LMN only:
- Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies
- Spinal muscular atrophies
- SMA
- SMAX1
- SMAX2
- DSMA1
- Congenital DSMA
- Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED)
- SMALED1
- SMALED2A
- SMALED2B
- SMA-PCH
- SMA-PME
- Progressive muscular atrophy
- Progressive bulbar palsy
- Fazio–Londe
- Infantile progressive bulbar palsy
- both:
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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