Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) affects the development of the bones, skull, and teeth. Signs and symptoms include underdeveloped or absent collarbones (clavicles), dental abnormalities, and delayed closing of the spaces between the skull bones (fontanels). Other symptoms may include decreased bone density (osteopenia), hearing loss, bone abnormalities of the hands, and recurrent sinus and ear infections. People with CCD may develop curvature of the spine (scoliosis), osteoporosis, and may be shorter than average. CCD occurs due to a RUNX2 gene that is not working correctly and is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Diagnosis is based on the symptoms, clinical exam, imaging studies, and genetic testings. Treatment is focused on managing the symptoms, and may include dental procedures and surgery.