Fried Syndrome

Fried syndrome is a rare X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) syndrome characterized by psychomotor delay, intellectual deficit, hydrocephalus, and mild facial anomalies.

Epidemiology

Prevalence is unknown, but the syndrome was originally described in a large Scottish family.

Etiology

Mutations in the AP1S2 gene (Xp22), coding for a subunit of the clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex involved in intracellular protein trafficking and synaptic vesicle recycling, have been identified in seven families.

Diagnostic methods

The presence of basal ganglia calcifications, detectable by CT scan, and elevated CSF protein levels are characteristic features of Fried syndrome and should prompt genetic analysis when found in individuals with XLMR.

Management and treatment

Beyond the management of hydrocephalus and follow-up of psychomotor development, no specific treatment is available.