Beta Ketothiolase Deficiency
Beta-ketothiolase deficiency is an inherited disorder in which the body cannot effectively process a protein building block (amino acid) called isoleucine. This condition also impairs the body's ability to process ketones, which are molecules produced during the breakdown of fats. Signs and symptoms typically appear between the ages of 6 and 24 months. Affected children experience intermittent episodes of ketoacidosis, characterized by vomiting, dehydration, difficulty breathing, extreme tiredness (lethargy), and occasionally, seizures. In severe cases, these episodes can lead to coma. Metabolic stroke is another finding that has been increasingly reported in children with this condition. Ketoacidotic attacks are frequently triggered by infections, periods without food (fasting), or increased intake of protein-rich foods.
Beta ketothiolase deficiency is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion and is caused by pathogenic variants (mutations) in the ACAT1 gene. Treatment involves managing acute crises with intravenous (IV) fluids, glucose, and electrolytes along with bicarbonate. Long-term management involves eating frequently, following a reduced-protein diet, avoidance of high-fat foods, and, in some cases, carnitine supplementation.
Beta ketothiolase deficiency is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion and is caused by pathogenic variants (mutations) in the ACAT1 gene. Treatment involves managing acute crises with intravenous (IV) fluids, glucose, and electrolytes along with bicarbonate. Long-term management involves eating frequently, following a reduced-protein diet, avoidance of high-fat foods, and, in some cases, carnitine supplementation.