Schimke Immunoosseous Dysplasia

Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia (SIOD) is a condition that results in short stature, kidney disease (nephropathy), and a weakened immune system. Some people develop a severe form in early childhood, and others develop a milder form in childhood or later. Short stature is due to spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, which involves abnormal development of the spine and the ends of the long bones. Nearly all people with SIOD have kidney disease, which progresses to end-stage renal disease. Most people with SIOD also have T-cell deficiency causing an increased risk for infections, which can be life-threatening. SIOD is caused by mutations in the SMARCAL1 gene and inheritance is autosomal recessive. Treatment depends on the symptoms and severity in each person. The severe, early-onset form can be life-threatening in childhood, while people with a milder form may survive to adulthood if kidney disease is appropriately treated.