Coronavirus Diseases

Watchlist

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Retrieved

2021-01-18

Source

Wikipedia

Trials

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Genes

CXCL1, CXCL2, SFTPD, SARS1, SARS2, TMPRSS2, MBL2, TBPL1, TYRP1, VTN, XPC, CDSN, MASP2, MBL3P, AICDA, ACE2, IFNL3, SEC23IP, MAPK3, CCL2, CISH, MX1, MCL1, IL18, IFNG, IFN1@, HLA-B, ERN1, EGFR, DPP4

CXCL1, CXCL2, SFTPD, SARS1, SARS2, TMPRSS2, MBL2, TBPL1, TYRP1, VTN, XPC, CDSN, MASP2, MBL3P, AICDA, ACE2, IFNL3, SEC23IP, MAPK3, CCL2, CISH, MX1, MCL1, IL18, IFNG, IFN1@, HLA-B, ERN1, EGFR, DPP4, ACE, CRP, MIR30A

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Coronavirus diseases are caused by viruses in the coronavirus subfamily. Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans and birds, the group of viruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the common cold (which is also caused by other viruses, predominantly rhinoviruses), while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. As of 2020, 45 species are registered as coronaviruses, whilst 11 diseases have been identified, as listed below.

Coronaviruses are known for their shape resembling a stellar corona, such as that of the Sun visible during a total solar eclipse; corona is derived from the Latin word corōna, meaning 'garland, wreath, crown'. It was coined by June Almeida and David Tyrrell, the founding fathers of coronavirus studies, and was first used in a Nature article in 1968, with approval by the International Committee for the Nomenclature of Viruses three years later.

The first coronavirus disease was discovered in the late 1920s, however the most recent common ancestor of coronaviruses is estimated to have existed as recently as 8000 BCE. Human coronaviruses was discovered in the 1960s, through a variety of experiments in the United States and United Kingdom. A common origin in human coronaviruses are bats.

List

Structural view of a coronavirus

Listed diseases primarily affect humans unless otherwise noted.

Coronavirus diseases
Disease	Cause	First identified	Details
Avian infectious bronchitis	avian coronavirus (IBV)	1920s (isolated in 1938)	Originated from North America.
Transmissible gastroenteritis	Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)	1965 (recognized in 1946)	Infects pigs, cats, and dogs.
Common cold, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, etc.	Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)	1930s (isolated in 1965)	Likely originated from bats.
Murine encephalitis	JHM (named after John Howard Mueller), a murine coronavirus	1949
Acute infectious diarrhea	Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)	1971	Caused outbreaks in 1972 and 1978, 2010, 2013, 2014, and 2015. Infects pigs and sows.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), a strain of SARSr-CoV	2002	Caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. Likely originated from horseshoe bats.
Common cold	Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1)	2004	Originated from Hong Kong.
Respiratory infection	Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63)	2004	Originated from Amsterdam, Netherlands. Likely originated from tricolored bats.
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)	Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (MERS-CoV)	2012	Has caused outbreaks in 2012, 2015, and 2018. Likely originated in the Middle East, particularly Jeddah.
Porcine diarrhea	HKU15	2014	Discovered in Hong Kong.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)	severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a strain of SARSr-CoV	2019	Cause of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Originated in Wuhan, China; possibly from horseshoe bats, pangolins, or both.

Coronavirus Diseases

List

See also