Diamond-Blackfan Anemia 4

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Retrieved

2019-09-22

Source

Omim

Trials

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Genes

GATA1, RPS19, RPS24, RPS17, ADA2, RPL27, RPL26, RPL15, RPS27, RPS29, RPL35, TSR2, RPL18, RPL11, RPL5, RPS28, RPL35A, RPS7, RPS26, EPO, RPS10, RPL9, RPL31, RPS27A, RPL19, RPL36, RPL13, RPS15A, RPL23, RPS15, FLVCR1, TP53, RPSA, IQCG, DIPK1A, CD34, RPS14, LOH19CR1, ADA, KITLG, THPO, CSDE1, SBDS, HSPA4, IL3, RPL41, AHSA1, LEFTY1, KLF1, FLI1, GABARAPL2, GABARAPL1, BAMBI, RNF19A, CSF2, GRAP2, POLDIP2, MAPK14, CRK, MTUS1, COL3A1, CDA, DBA2, CD38, PRMT3, DDX21, LONP1, FPR2, TRIM27, MAPK8, MAPK1, PIM1, SERPINE1, RPS21, LRPAP1, LEP, IL9, IL1B, TFRC, TNF, CNBP, AIMP2, XRS, HBB, RMRP, TEC

Drugs

Allogeneic multi-virus specific T lymphocytes targeting BK virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus-6, Epstein Barr virus and adenovirus, haematopoietic stem cells and blood progenitors umbilical cord-derived expanded with (1R, 4R)-N1-(2-benzyl-7-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indol-4-yl)cyclohexane-1,4-diamine dihydrobromide dihydrate

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A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that Diamond-Blackfan anemia-4 (DBA4) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding ribosomal protein S17 (RPS17; 180472) on chromosome 15q25.

Description

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited red blood cell aplasia that usually presents in the first year of life. The main features are normochromic macrocytic anemia, reticulocytopenia, and nearly absent erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. Patients show growth retardation, and approximately 30 to 50% have craniofacial, upper limb, heart, and urinary system congenital malformations. The majority of patients have increased mean corpuscular volume, elevated erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activity, and persistence of hemoglobin F. However, some DBA patients do not exhibit these findings, and even in the same family, symptoms can vary between affected family members (summary by Landowski et al., 2013).

For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Diamond-Blackfan anemia, see DBA1 (105650).

Clinical Features

Gerrard et al. (2013) reported 2 Caucasian sibs with Diamond-Blackfan anemia. One sib was diagnosed at birth, whereas the other sib was diagnosed at age 11 months. One had growth retardation and atrial septal defect; the other had hernia, neutropenia, and high erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (ADA; 608958) in cord blood. Both patients were treated successfully with steroids.

Molecular Genetics

Cmejla et al. (2007) screened the RPS17 gene in 124 Czech patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia, 6 of whom were already known to carry a heterozygous mutation in the RPS19 gene (603474), and identified a heterozygous mutation abolishing the translation initiation start codon of the RPS17 gene (180472.0001) in a 31-year-old male patient. The mutation was not found in his apparently healthy brother and parents or in 71 controls. In addition to the typical macrocytic anemia with increased activity of erythrocyte adenosine deaminase seen in DBA, the patient had short stature, facial dysmorphism, and a flat thenar eminence.

In a male patient who was diagnosed with DBA at 4 months of age and had no associated malformations, Gazda et al. (2008) identified heterozygosity for a 2-bp deletion in the RPS17 gene (180472.0002). The mutation was not found in his unaffected parents or sister, or in at least 150 controls.

Landowski et al. (2013) performed array CGH for copy number variation in 87 probands with Diamond-Blackfan anemia who were negative for mutation in 10 known DBA-associated ribosomal protein genes and identified 2 nearly identical large deletions involving exons 3, 4, and 5 of the RPS17 gene (180472.0003) in 2 male patients.

In 2 Caucasian sibs with Diamond-Blackfan anemia, Gerrard et al. (2013) identified a heterozygous nonsense mutation in the RPS17 gene (Y53X; 180472.0004). These patients were ascertained from a cohort of 19 patients with DBA who were screened for mutations in 80 ribosomal protein genes.