Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare and poorly understood lung condition that is characterized by the abnormal overgrowth of certain cells in the lung (called pulmonary neuroendocrine cells) that receive signals from nerve cells (neurons) and produce hormones. People with this diagnosis may have no obvious symptoms or may exhibit features of airway disease such as a chronic, nonproductive cough, shortness of breath with exertion, and wheezing. It is considered to be a precancerous condition as studies suggest it is a precursor for pulmonary carcinoid tumors. The cause of DIPNECH is currently unknown. Because so few cases have been reported in the medical literature, there is limited information on the prognosis and management of this condition.