Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus-Pancreatic And Cerebellar Agenesis Syndrome

Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus-pancreatic and cerebellar agenesis syndrome is characterized by neonatal diabetes mellitus associated with cerebellar and/or pancreatic agenesis.

Epidemiology

It has been described in four patients: two sisters and their female cousin belonging to a consanguineous Pakistani family, and one unrelated case (also born to consanguineous parents).

Clinical description

Patients also present with facial dysmorphism (a triangular face, small chin, low set ears), flexion contractures of the arms and legs, very little subcutaneous fat, and optic nerve hypoplasia. One of the patients had pancreatic agenesis, and the others were suspected of having pancreatic hypoplasia.

Etiology

The syndrome is caused by mutations in the PTF1A gene (10p12.3).

Antenatal diagnosis

Prenatal diagnosis is possible by demonstration of the absence of the cerebellum and severe intra-uterine growth retardation.

Genetic counseling

The syndrome is transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder.

Prognosis

All patients died in the neonatal period.