2p21 Microdeletion Syndrome

The 2p21 microdeletion syndrome consists of cystinuria, neonatal seizures, hypotonia, severe growthand developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, and lactic acidemia.

Epidemiology

It has been described in seven patients from three families of a small Bedouin clan.

Clinical description

Dysmorphic features include frontal bossing, almond-shaped eyes, long eyelashes, depressed nasal bridge, and large, posteriorly rotated ears. Renal lithiasis occurs at an early age in all patients. Reduced activity of the respiratory chain complexes I, III, IV and V was found in patients examined.

Etiology

The syndrome is caused by homozygous deletion of at least four contiguous genes on chromosome 2: SLC3A1, PREPL, PPM1B and C2orf34 (2p21).