Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita Neurogenic Type

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita neurogenic type (AMCN) refers to the development of multiple joint contractures affecting two or more areas of the body prior to birth. A contracture occurs when a joint becomes permanently fixed in a bent or straightened position, which can impact the function and range of motion of the joint and lead to muscle atrophy. Signs and symptoms of AMCN vary. AMCN can affect upper and lower joints, including the wrists, elbows, fingers, knees, ankles, and hip.  In AMCN, arthrogryposis occurs as a result of the abnormal development of cells in the spinal cord (anterior horn cells) or brainstem (motor nuclei). AMCN often occurs sporadically (in a person with no family history of the condition), however families with multiple affected  members have also been reported. In most cases, the underlying genetic cause remains unknown.