Hyper-Igd Syndrome

Hyper IgD syndrome is the less severe form of a metabolic disorder known as mevalonate kinase deficiency. It is considered an auto-inflammatory disease, with recurrent episodic or chronic unexplained inflammation, characterized by periodic episodes of fever, and other symptoms such as joint pain, swollen lymph nodes, skin rash, headaches, and abdominal pain. Most episodes last several days and occur periodically throughout life. The frequency of episodes and their severity vary greatly from person to person. These attacks can occur spontaneously or be triggered by vaccinations, infections, and/or emotional or physical stress. Growth and development is usually not affected. Hyper IgD syndrome is caused by mutations in the MVK gene which provides instructions for making the mevalonate kinase enzyme. The mutations result in the partial deficiency of the enzyme. A more severe form of maevalonate kinase deficiency is known as mevalonic aciduria. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Treatment is with anakinra, and other medications, but not all patients show a complete response. In most cases, the frequency of the disease's episodes decreases over time.