Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma Specialty Dermatology Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma is a cutaneous condition characterized by a tumor that usually presents on the chest, scalp, or vulva of middle- to older-aged persons. [1] : 670 Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinomas have been misinterpreted as metastatic lesions. [2] It was characterized in 1975. [3] See also [ edit ] Aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma Mucinous carcinoma Skin lesion References [ edit ] ^ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). ... ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1 . ^ Naylor E, Sarkar P, Perlis CS, Giri D, Gnepp DR, Robinson-Bostom L (April 2008). "Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma". J. Am. Acad.

These disorders of arousal can range from confusional arousals, somnambulism , to night terrors . Other specific disorders include sleepeating , sleep sex , teeth grinding , rhythmic movement disorder , restless legs syndrome , and somniloquy . ... Sleep walking can be associated with sleeptalking. [19] Sleep terrors (night terrors/ pavor nocturnus) [ edit ] Main article: Night terror Sleep terror is the most disruptive arousal disorder since it may involve loud screams and panic; in extreme cases, it may result in bodily harm or property damage by running about or hitting walls. ... Do you eat food or drink fluids without full awareness during the night? Do you wake up in the morning feeling bloated and with no desire to eat breakfast? ... J Nerv Ment Dis. 2000;188(6):340-8. ^ Ohayon MM, Guilleminault C, Priest RG. Night terrors, sleepwalking, and confusional arousals in the general population: their frequency and relationship to other sleep and mental disorders. ... Reardon, John P; Peshek, Andrew; Allison, Kelly C (2005). "Night Eating Syndrome". CNS Drugs . 19 (12): 997–1008. doi : 10.2165/00023210-200519120-00003 .

Ceruminous adenocarcinoma Other names Cylindroma, ceruminoma, ceruminous adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), ceruminous adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), [1] [2] ceruminous mucoepidermoid carcinoma A high power photomicrograph of a ceruminous type adenoid cystic carcinoma Specialty ENT surgery Ceruminous adenocarcinoma is a malignant neoplasm derived from ceruminous glands of the external auditory canal . ... The most common tumor type is ceruminous adenoid cystic carcinoma and ceruminous adenocarcinoma, NOS. ... A.; Ginsberg, L. E.; Sturgis, E. M. (2008). "Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the External Auditory Canal". ... H.; Gullane, P.; Conley, J. (1982). "Adenoid cystic carcinoma involving the external auditory canal. ... "An immunohistochemical study of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the external auditory canal".

Please introduce links to this page from related articles ; try the Find link tool for suggestions. ( February 2017 ) Infantile apnea Specialty Pediatric Infantile apnea is a rare disease that is characterized by cessation of breathing in an infant for at least 20 seconds or a shorter respiratory pause that is associated with a slow heart rate , bluish discolouration of the skin , extreme paleness , gagging, choking and/or decreased muscle tone . [1] [2] Infantile apnea occurs in children under the age of one and it is more common in premature infants. [3] Symptoms of infantile apnea occur most frequently during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep. [4] The nature and severity of breathing problems in patients can be detected in a sleep study called a polysomnography which measures the brain waves, heartbeat, body movements and breathing of a patient overnight. [4] Infantile apnea can be caused by developmental problems that result in an immature brainstem or it can be caused other medical conditions. [1] [4] [5] As children grow and develop, infantile apnea usually does not persist. [4] Infantile apnea may be related to some cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) however, the relationship between infantile apnea and SIDS is not known. [3] Contents 1 Cause 2 Diagnosis 2.1 Classification 2.1.1 Central Apnea 2.1.2 Obstructive Apnea 2.1.3 Mixed Apnea 3 Epidemiology 4 References Cause [ edit ] √ having a family history of sleep apnea. √ being overweight or obese. ✓ having certain medical conditions (cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, sickle cell disease, abnormalities in the skull or face) ✓ being born with a low birth weight. ✓ having a large tongue. Diagnosis [ edit ] Classification [ edit ] There are three major categories of apnea known as central, obstructive, and mixed apnea. [1] [3] [4] Central Apnea [ edit ] Central apnea is characterized by insufficient responsiveness from respiratory centers such as the medulla , which results in poor coordination of the body systems that are necessary for breathing. [1] [4] Respiratory muscles and nerves to lose the ability to effectively receive and process signals from the brain causing respiratory efforts to cease. [4] Central apnea is quite common and can be found in healthy, full-term infants for short periods of time before breathing patterns in the infant stabilize. [4] In premature infants, central apnea is attributed to an underdeveloped respiratory system which results in decreased response to higher carbon dioxide levels and difficulty breathing. [1] Head trauma may also cause central apnea as it interferes with normal signalling of the central respiratory system, this might be present in infants who suffer from abuse so investigating patient background is an important consideration. [1] Obstructive Apnea [ edit ] Obstructive apnea occurs when the airway passages are obstructed and little to no air exchange occurs, resulting in impaired breathing. [1] [4] In some cases, it occurs when patients are born with a small airway opening. [4] Patients with obstructive apnea often have vigorous inspiratory effort but the efforts are still ineffective. [1] Normally, the muscles at the level of the throat relax and dilate while asleep in order to open up airway however, patients with obstructive apnea may have decreased neuromuscular tone of the muscles responsible for dilating the pharynx during sleep. [4] The inability of the vocal cords to move and the presence of a foreign body may also cause obstructive apnea. [1] [6] Cases of obstructive apnea are rarely found in infants that are healthy. [4] Mixed Apnea [ edit ] Mixed apnea is a combination of both central and obstructive factors. [1] The majority of premature infants with sleep apnea have mixed apnea. [4] Epidemiology [ edit ] When infants have a lower birth weight or younger gestational age, there is a greater risk of infantile apnea. [1] With the advancement of neonatal intensive care units and the greater technology available, there are more successful premature births compared to the past. [1] With the greater number of premature infants being born, there is also a greater number of children with infantile apnea. [1] [5] Approximately 85 percent of infants born with a weight less than 2.2 pounds (1 kg) experience infantile apnea within the first month after birth. [4] This risk decreases to 25 percent for infants weighing less than 5.5 pounds (2.5 kg). [4] Studies have found that almost 2% of the pediatric population experience obstructive sleep apnea. [1] References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Pediatric Apnea: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology" . 2016-04-10. ... PMC 5052132 . PMID 27721838 . ^ a b c "Apnea, Infantile - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)" . ... Retrieved 2016-10-29 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Infant Sleep Apnea - Overview and Facts" . www.sleepeducation.org . Retrieved 2016-11-17 . ^ a b Zhao, Jing; Gonzalez, Fernando; Mu, Dezhi (2016-11-21). "Apnea of prematurity: from cause to treatment" .

A rare, highly aggressive uterine cancer, macroscopically appearing as an irregular, slow-growing, non-friable, polypoid mass on the uterine cervix and histologically showing a pseudoglandular or cribriform growth pattern. It presents with vaginal bleeding and discharge and abdominal or pelvic pain. The tumor is highly infiltrative, often associated with vascular, lymphatic and perineural invasion, with subsequent haematogenous spread and early recurrence.

One patient studied by polysomnography was found to have obstructive sleep apnea. Shapiro et al. (1985) described a patient with MPS IH/S with severe scoliosis and a history of marked snoring and restless sleep. ... Polysomnogram revealed obstructive sleep apnea with oxygen saturation ranging from 61 to 87%. ... INHERITANCE - Autosomal recessive GROWTH Height - Short stature HEAD & NECK Face - Micrognathia Eyes - Corneal clouding Nose - Low nasal bridge Mouth - Prominent lips CARDIOVASCULAR Heart - Mitral valve regurgitation - Thickening of the mitral valve leaflets - Aortic valve thickening - Aortic valve regurgitation - Dilated left atrium - Dilated left ventricle Vascular - Pulmonary hypertension, mild RESPIRATORY - Obstructive sleep apnea - Recurrent respiratory infections Nasopharynx - Nasopharyngeal obstruction - Hypertrophic tonsils Airways - Tracheal stenosis ABDOMEN External Features - Umbilical hernia Liver - Hepatomegaly Spleen - Splenomegaly SKELETAL - Dysostosis multiplex - Joint stiffness Spine - Scoliosis - Kyphosis - Progressive lumbar gibbus Limbs - Flat femurs with short metaphyses SKIN, NAILS, & HAIR Skin - Thick skin Hair - Hirsutism NEUROLOGIC Central Nervous System - Pachymeningitis cervicalis (cervical cord compression due to thickened dura) LABORATORY ABNORMALITIES - Excretion of heparan sulfate in urine - Excretion of dermatan sulfate in urine MISCELLANEOUS - Onset of symptoms between ages 3-8 years of age - Treatment with enzyme replacement therapy - Alpha-L-iduronidase activity is

A rare, slow-growing uterine cancer characterized, histologically, by small, well differentiated nests of basaloid cells resembling basal cell carcinoma of the skin, commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma or squamous intraepithelial lesions. Patients are usually asymptomatic or present with dysfunctional vaginal bleeding, often with no observable lesion on the cervix. Infection with high-risk HPV-types (16 and 33) has been reported in some cases.

Apnea of prematurity Specialty Pediatrics Apnea of prematurity is defined as cessation of breathing by a premature infant that lasts for more than 20 seconds and/or is accompanied by hypoxia or bradycardia . Apnea is traditionally classified as either obstructive, central, or mixed . Obstructive apnea may occur when the infant's neck is hyperflexed or conversely, hyperextended. ... In addition, premature infants have an exaggerated response to laryngeal stimulation (a normal reflex that closes the airway as a protective measure). [1] Diagnosis [ edit ] Apnea of prematurity can be readily identified from other forms of infant apnea such as obstructive apnea, hypoventilation syndromes, breathing regulation issues during feeding, and reflux associated apnea with an infant pneumogram or infant apnea/sleep study. ... "Caffeine for apnea of prematurity: Effects on the developing brain".

Contents 1 Severity of sleep apneas 2 Treatments of sleep apnea 3 Central hypoventilation syndrome 4 Treatments of central hypoventilation syndrome 5 References Severity of sleep apneas [ edit ] The most severe of the sleep apneas is obstructive sleep apnea. ... Sleep apnea is measured by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). ... AHI values for adults are categorized as: [2] [3] Normal: AHI<5 Mild sleep apnea: 5≤AHI<15 Moderate sleep apnea: 15≤AHI<30 Severe sleep apnea: AHI≥30 An episode is when a person hesitates to breathe or stops their breathing altogether. Treatments of sleep apnea [ edit ] Sketch of patient with CPAP machine The most common treatment for sleep apnea is the use of continuous positive airway pressure with a CPAP machine. ... PMID 19238801 . ^ Hopkinsmedicine.org ^ "Surgical Treatments - Sleep Apnea" . healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/ .

Early-onset problems can include hypotonia, hypothermia, hypersomnolence, feeding difficulties, excessive hiccups, recurrent central and obstructive apneas, epileptic seizures, abnormal nonepileptic movements (dystonia, dyskinesia, and dysconjugate eye movements), and abnormal vision. ... Treatment and/or therapy for developmental delays; neurologic findings (hypotonia, seizures, abnormal movements); feeding difficulties; apnea; visual impairment; and malformations of the heart, urogenital tract, and skeleton. ... Early-onset problems are wide ranging and can include hypotonia, hypothermia, hypersomnolence, feeding difficulties, excessive hiccups, recurrent central and obstructive apneas, epileptic seizures, abnormal nonepileptic movements, and visual problems. ... Early cortical visual impairment (7/71), hypermetropia (6/71), and optic nerve pallor (1/71) have also been reported. Respiratory. Apnea and hypoventilation are present in more than 50% of affected individuals (42/71). For the majority of affected individuals, the episodes of apnea and hypoventilation resolve after the first year of life; however, in a minority, apnea may persist or recur during an acute respiratory illness.

Sudden (acute) pulmonary edema symptoms Difficulty breathing (dyspnea) or extreme shortness of breath that worsens with activity or when lying down A feeling of suffocating or drowning that worsens when lying down A cough that produces frothy sputum that may have blood in it A rapid, irregular heartbeat (palpitations) Anxiety, restlessness or a feeling that something bad is about to happen Cold, clammy skin Wheezing or gasping for breath Long-term (chronic) pulmonary edema signs and symptoms Awakening at night with a cough or breathless feeling that may be relieved by sitting up Difficulty breathing with activity or when lying flat Fatigue More shortness of breath than usual when you're physically active New or worsening cough Rapid weight gain Swelling in the legs and feet Wheezing High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) signs and symptoms high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) can occur in adults and children who travel to or exercise at high altitudes. Symptoms are similar to those that occur with acute pulmonary edema and can include: Headache, which may be the first symptom Shortness of breath with activity, which becomes shortness of breath at rest Not being able to exercise as much as you once could Dry cough, at first Later, a cough that produces frothy sputum that may look pink or have blood in it A very fast heartbeat (tachycardia) Weakness Chest pain Low fever Symptoms of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) tend to get worse at night. When to see a doctor Pulmonary edema that comes on suddenly (acute pulmonary edema) is life-threatening. ... Risk factors for heart failure include: Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) Alcohol use Congenital heart disease Coronary artery disease Diabetes Heart valve disease High blood pressure Sleep apnea Some nervous system conditions and lung damage due to near drowning, drug use, inhaling smoke, viral illnesses and blood clots also raise the risk. ... Have you been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea or do you have symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea?

The most commonly involved are seizure-induced hypoventilation and cardiac arrhythmias , but different mechanisms may be involved in different individuals, and more than one mechanism may be involved in any one individual. [17] Cardiac factors: cardiac arrhythmias and other cardiac events are known to be involved in some cases of SUDEP. [5] Such arrhythmias are defined as ictal arrhythmias and include the ictal asystole , which is a rare occurrence mostly in people that have temporal lobe epilepsy . [18] [19] Respiratory factors: impaired respiration and seizure induced pulmonary dysfunction as well as central apnea as a result of brain-stem respiratory centers suppression are known to play a role in some cases of SUDEP. [5] Cerebral and autonomic nervous system dysregulation: cardiac arrhythmia and respiratory failure as a result of seizure related changes to brain function and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system have been described in cases of SUDEP. ... Genes involved include the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels genes ( HCN1 , HCN2 , HCN3 and HCN4 ). [2] Anti epileptic drugs: most evidence suggests that antiepileptic drugs are not associated with an increased risk for SUDEP, but rather reduce its incidence. [20] Some studies however indicate that some antiepileptic drugs such as lamotrigine and carbamazepine , may increase the risk of SUDEP in females and certain individuals. [21] [22] It is unclear if this is because of the potential cardio-respiratory adverse effects such as lengthening of the QT interval and reduction of heart rate known to be associated with these drugs under certain circumstances, [17] or because a high drug dosage could be a surrogate marker for poor seizure control. [23] Vagal nerve stimulation: concerns have been raised that vagal nerve stimulation may induce bradycardia or cardiac arrest and may exacerbate sleep apnoea common in people with epilepsy. [17] Management [ edit ] Currently, the most effective strategy to protect against SUDEP in childhood epilepsy is seizure control, but this approach is not completely effective and is particularly challenging in cases of intractable epilepsy. The lack of generally recognized clinical recommendations available are a reflection of the dearth of data on the effectiveness of any particular clinical strategy, [17] but on the basis of present evidence, the following may be relevant: Epileptic seizure control with the appropriate use of medication and lifestyle counseling is the focus of prevention. [5] Reduction of stress, participation in physical exercises, and night supervision might minimize the risk of SUDEP. [2] Knowledge of how to perform the appropriate first-aid responses to seizure by persons who live with epileptic people may prevent death. [5] People with arrhythmias associated with seizures should be submitted to extensive cardiac investigation [2] with a view to determining the indication for on-demand cardiac pacing . [17] Successful epilepsy surgery may reduce the risk of SUDEP, but this depends on the outcome in terms of seizure control. [17] The use of anti-suffocation pillows have been advocated by some practitioners to improve respiration while sleeping, but their effectiveness remain unproven because experimental studies are lacking. [5] Providing information to individuals and relatives about SUDEP is beneficial. [10] [24] Night time supervision [9] Epidemiology [ edit ] In the US, prevalence of SUDEP is approximately 1.16 cases for every 1000 people with epilepsy per year. [25] In comparison, a study in Denmark found that among 1-35 year old individuals, the incidence of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) was 1.9 cases per 100,000 person-years, [26] while 1 in 2000 infants in the Western world will die from SIDS in the first year of life. [27] This means that sudden, unexpected death is more common among individuals with epilepsy when compared to infants or the general population.

External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : G47.4 ICD - 9-CM : 347 MeSH : D002385 DiseasesDB : 16311 External resources Patient UK : Cataplexy v t e Sleep and sleep disorders Stages of sleep cycles Rapid eye movement (REM) Non-rapid eye movement Slow-wave Brain waves Alpha wave Beta wave Delta wave Gamma wave K-complex Mu rhythm PGO waves Sensorimotor rhythm Sleep spindle Theta wave Sleep disorders Dyssomnia Excessive daytime sleepiness Hypersomnia Insomnia Kleine–Levin syndrome Narcolepsy Night eating syndrome Nocturia Sleep apnea Catathrenia Central hypoventilation syndrome Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Obstructive sleep apnea Periodic breathing Sleep state misperception Circadian rhythm disorders Advanced sleep phase disorder Cyclic alternating pattern Delayed sleep phase disorder Irregular sleep–wake rhythm Jet lag Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder Shift work sleep disorder Parasomnia Bruxism Nightmare disorder Night terror Periodic limb movement disorder Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder Sleepwalking Somniloquy Benign phenomena Dreams Exploding head syndrome Hypnic jerk Hypnagogia / Sleep onset Hypnopompic state Sleep paralysis Sleep inertia Somnolence Nocturnal clitoral tumescence Nocturnal penile tumescence Nocturnal emission Treatment Sleep diary Sleep hygiene Sleep induction Hypnosis Lullaby Somnology Polysomnography Other Sleep medicine Behavioral sleep medicine Sleep study Daily life Bed Bunk bed Daybed Four-poster bed Futon Hammock Mattress Sleeping bag Bed bug Bedding Bedroom Bedtime Bedtime story Bedtime toy Biphasic and polyphasic sleep Chronotype Dream diary Microsleep Mouth breathing Nap Nightwear Power nap Second wind Siesta Sleep and creativity Sleep and learning Sleep deprivation / Sleep debt Sleeping while on duty Sleepover Snoring v t e Disorders of consciousness Unconsciousness Minimally conscious state Persistent vegetative state Obtundation Coma Brain stem death Stupor Sopor Sleep Somnolence Cataplexy Syncope Heat syncope Vasovagal episode Alteration of consciousness Locked-in syndrome

Variable other central nervous system abnormalities might be present (partial or complete agenesis of the corpus callosum, a small fourth ventricle, obstructive hydrocephalus, falx and tentorium defects, and polygyria). Symptoms include hypotonia, apnea with cyanosis, dysphagia, opisthotonus, nystagmus, spasticity, ataxia, and occipital headache.

A rare neurologic disorder characterized by a unique non-REM and REM parasomnia with sleep breathing dysfunction, gait instability and repetitive episodes of respiratory insufficiency, as well as autoantibodies against IgLON5. Patients may present stridor, chorea, limb ataxia, abnormal ocular movements, and bulbar symptoms (i.e. dysphagia, dysarthria, episodic central hypoventilation) with normal brain MRI. Excessive day sleepiness and cognitive deterioration have also been reported.

Homozygous persons sustain prolonged apnea after administration of the muscle relaxant suxamethonium in connection with surgical anesthesia. ... Some of the subjects with sensitive genotypes have apnea lasting 2 or 3 hours, whereas the apnea in other sensitive genotypes is considerably shorter (Lehmann and Liddell, 1972). ... They predicted a low frequency of suxamethonium apnea in the low frequency groups. Lubin et al. (1971) used an automated screening method to study heterozygote frequency of BCHE in a group of 2,317 persons. ... The genetic variant most frequently found in cases of prolonged apnea is the A variant, which reduces the binding affinity for succinylcholine 100-fold (Lockridge, 2015). ... Yen et al. (2003) genotyped 65 Australian patients referred after prolonged post-succinylcholine apnea and identified 52 patients with primary hypocholinesterasemia attributable to BCHE mutations.

Other medical conditions and lifestyle factors have been linked to an increased risk of changes in thinking, including: Diabetes Smoking High blood pressure High cholesterol Obesity Depression Obstructive sleep apnea Lack of physical exercise Low education level Lack of mentally or socially stimulating activities Complications People with MCI have an increased risk — but not a certainty — of developing dementia. ... Treating depression may help improve memory, while making it easier to cope with the changes in your life. Sleep apnea. In this condition, your breathing stops and starts several times while you're asleep, interfering to get a good night's rest. Sleep apnea can make you feel very tired during the day, forgetful and not able to focus.

Salivary gland type cancer of the breast describes a group of uncommon neoplasms, usually seen in the salivary glands but occurring in the breast, with a variable clinicopathologic spectrum and divided into those with myoepithelial differentiation and those without. This group includes mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma (see this term), mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and oncocytic carcinoma.

Retrieved 8 December 2018 . v t e Underwater diving Diving modes Atmospheric pressure diving Freediving Saturation diving Scuba diving Snorkeling Surface oriented diving Surface-supplied diving Unmanned diving Diving equipment Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment Human factors in diving equipment design Basic equipment Diving mask Snorkel Swimfin Breathing gas Bailout gas Bottom gas Breathing air Decompression gas Emergency gas supply Heliox Nitrox Oxygen Travel gas Trimix Buoyancy and trim equipment Buoyancy compensator Power inflator Dump valve Diving weighting system Ankle weights Integrated weights Trim weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression cylinder Decompression trapeze Dive computer Diving shot Jersey upline Jonline Diving suit Atmospheric diving suit Dry suit Sladen suit Standard diving suit Rash vest Wetsuit Dive skins Hot-water suit Helmets and masks Anti-fog Diving helmet Free-flow helmet Lightweight demand helmet Orinasal mask Reclaim helmet Shallow water helmet Standard diving helmet Diving mask Band mask Full-face mask Half mask Instrumentation Bottom timer Depth gauge Dive computer Dive timer Diving watch Helium release valve Pneumofathometer Submersible pressure gauge Mobility equipment Diving bell Closed bell Wet bell Diving stage Swimfin Monofin PowerSwim Towboard Diver propulsion vehicle Advanced SEAL Delivery System Cosmos CE2F series Dry Combat Submersible Human torpedo Motorised Submersible Canoe Necker Nymph R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle SEAL Delivery Vehicle Shallow Water Combat Submersible Siluro San Bartolomeo Wet Nellie Wet sub Safety equipment Alternative air source Octopus regulator Pony bottle Bolt snap Buddy line Dive light Diver's cutting tool Diver's knife Diver's telephone Through-water communications Diving bell Diving safety harness Emergency gas supply Bailout block Bailout bottle Lifeline Screw gate carabiner Emergency locator beacon Rescue tether Safety helmet Shark-proof cage Snoopy loop Navigation equipment Distance line Diving compass Dive reel Line marker Surface marker buoy Silt screw Underwater breathing apparatus Atmospheric diving suit Diving cylinder Burst disc Diving cylinder valve Diving helmet Reclaim helmet Diving regulator Mechanism of diving regulators Regulator malfunction Regulator freeze Single-hose regulator Twin-hose regulator Full face diving mask Open-circuit scuba Scuba set Bailout bottle Decompression cylinder Independent doubles Manifolded twin set Scuba manifold Pony bottle Scuba configuration Sidemount Sling cylinder Diving rebreathers Carbon dioxide scrubber Carleton CDBA CDLSE Cryogenic rebreather CUMA DSEA Dolphin Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor FROGS Halcyon PVR-BASC Halcyon RB80 IDA71 Interspiro DCSC KISS LAR-5 LAR-6 LAR-V LARU Porpoise Ray Siebe Gorman CDBA Siva Viper Surface-supplied diving equipment Air line Diver's umbilical Diving air compressor Gas panel Hookah Scuba replacement Sea Trek Snuba Standard diving dress Escape set Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus Momsen lung Steinke hood Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment Diving equipment manufacturers AP Diving Apeks Aqua Lung America Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique Beuchat René Cavalero Cis-Lunar Cressi-Sub Dacor DESCO Dive Xtras Divex Diving Unlimited International Drägerwerk Fenzy Maurice Fernez Technisub Oscar Gugen Heinke HeinrichsWeikamp Johnson Outdoors Mares Morse Diving Nemrod Oceanic Worldwide Porpoise Sub Sea Systems Shearwater Research Siebe Gorman Submarine Products Suunto Diving support equipment Access equipment Boarding stirrup Diver lift Diving bell Diving ladder Diving platform (scuba) Diving stage Downline Jackstay Launch and recovery system Messenger line Moon pool Breathing gas handling Air filtration Activated carbon Hopcalite Molecular sieve Silica gel Booster pump Carbon dioxide scrubber Cascade filling system Diver's pump Diving air compressor Diving air filter Water separator High pressure breathing air compressor Low pressure breathing air compressor Gas blending Gas blending for scuba diving Gas panel Gas reclaim system Gas storage bank Gas storage quad Gas storage tube Helium analyzer Nitrox production Membrane gas separation Pressure swing adsorption Oxygen analyser Oxygen compatibility Decompression equipment Built-in breathing system Decompression tables Diving bell Bell cursor Closed bell Clump weight Launch and recovery system Wet bell Diving chamber Diving stage Recreational Dive Planner Saturation system Platforms Dive boat Canoe and kayak diving Combat Rubber Raiding Craft Liveaboard Subskimmer Diving support vessel HMS Challenger (K07) Underwater habitat Aquarius Reef Base Continental Shelf Station Two Helgoland Habitat Jules' Undersea Lodge Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station SEALAB Tektite habitat Remotely operated underwater vehicles 8A4-class ROUV ABISMO Atlantis ROV Team CURV Deep Drone Épaulard Global Explorer ROV Goldfish-class ROUV Kaikō ROV Kaşif ROUV Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System Mini Rover ROV OpenROV ROV KIEL 6000 ROV PHOCA Scorpio ROV Sea Dragon-class ROV Seabed tractor Seafox drone Seahorse ROUV SeaPerch SJT-class ROUV T1200 Trenching Unit VideoRay UROVs Safety equipment Diver down flag Diving shot Hyperbaric lifeboat Hyperbaric stretcher Jackstay Jonline Reserve gas supply General Diving spread Air spread Saturation spread Hot water system Sonar Underwater acoustic positioning system Underwater acoustic communication Freediving Activities Aquathlon Apnoea finswimming Freediving Haenyeo Pearl hunting Ama Snorkeling Spearfishing Underwater football Underwater hockey Underwater ice hockey Underwater rugby Underwater target shooting Competitions Nordic Deep Vertical Blue Disciplines Constant weight (CWT) Constant weight without fins (CNF) Dynamic apnea (DYN) Dynamic apnea without fins (DNF) Free immersion (FIM) No-limits apnea (NLT) Static apnea (STA) Skandalopetra diving Variable weight apnea (VWT) Variable weight apnea without fins Equipment Diving mask Diving suit Hawaiian sling Polespear Snorkel (swimming) Speargun Swimfins Monofin Water polo cap Freedivers Deborah Andollo Peppo Biscarini Sara Campbell Derya Can Göçen Goran Čolak Carlos Coste Robert Croft Mandy-Rae Cruickshank Yasemin Dalkılıç Leonardo D'Imporzano Flavia Eberhard Şahika Ercümen Emma Farrell Francisco Ferreras Pierre Frolla Flavia Eberhard Mehgan Heaney-Grier Elisabeth Kristoffersen Loïc Leferme Enzo Maiorca Jacques Mayol Audrey Mestre Karol Meyer Stéphane Mifsud Alexey Molchanov Natalia Molchanova Dave Mullins Patrick Musimu Guillaume Néry Herbert Nitsch Umberto Pelizzari Annelie Pompe Michal Risian Stig Severinsen Tom Sietas Aharon Solomons Martin Štěpánek Walter Steyn Tanya Streeter William Trubridge Devrim Cenk Ulusoy Danai Varveri Alessia Zecchini Nataliia Zharkova Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming Organisations AIDA International Scuba Schools International Australian Underwater Federation British Freediving Association Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins Performance Freediving International Professional diving Occupations Ama Commercial diver Commercial offshore diver Hazmat diver Divemaster Diving instructor Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Diving supervisor Haenyeo Media diver Police diver Public safety diver Scientific diver Underwater archaeologist Military diving Army engineer diver Clearance diver Frogman List of military diving units Royal Navy ships diver Special Boat Service United States military divers U.S. ... Vandenberg HMS Ghurka Glen Strathallan SAS Good Hope Gothenburg Herzogin Cecilie Hilma Hooker Hispania HMS Hood HMAS Hobart Igara James Eagan Layne Captain Keith Tibbetts King Cruiser SMS Kronprinz Kyarra HMS Laforey USAT Liberty Louis Sheid USS LST-507 SMS Markgraf Mikhail Lermontov HMS M2 Maine Maloja HMS Maori Marguerite SS Mauna Loa USAT Meigs Mendi USCGC Mohawk Mohegan RMS Moldavia HMS Montagu MV RMS Mulheim Nagato Oceana USS Oriskany Oslofjord P29 P31 Pedernales Persier HMAS Perth SAS Pietermaritzburg Piłsudski Pool Fisher HMS Port Napier Preußen President Coolidge PS Queen Victoria Radaas Rainbow Warrior RMS Rhone Rondo Rosehill Rotorua Royal Adelaide Royal Charter Rozi HMS Safari Salem Express USS Saratoga USS Scuffle HMS Scylla HMS Sidon USS Spiegel Grove Stanegarth Stanwood Stella HMAS Swan USS Tarpon Thesis Thistlegorm Toa Maru Torrey Canyon SAS Transvaal U-40 U-352 U-1195 Um El Faroud Varvassi Walter L M Russ Washingtonian (1913) HMNZS Wellington USS Yancey Yongala Zenobia Zealandia Zingara Cave diving sites Blauhöhle Chinhoyi Caves Devil's Throat at Punta Sur Engelbrecht Cave Fossil Cave Jordbrugrotta Piccaninnie Ponds Pluragrotta Pollatoomary Sistema Ox Bel Ha Sistema Sac Actun Sistema Dos Ojos Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich Freshwater dives Dutch Springs Ewens Ponds Little Blue Lake Training sites Capernwray Dive Centre Deepspot National Diving and Activity Centre Stoney Cove Open ocean diving Blue-water diving Black-water diving Diving safety Human factors in diving equipment design Human factors in diving safety Life-support system Safety-critical system Scuba diving fatalities Diving hazards List of diving hazards and precautions Environmental Current Delta-P Entanglement hazard Overhead Silt out Wave action Equipment Freeflow Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus Single point of failure Physiological Cold shock response Decompression Nitrogen narcosis Oxygen toxicity Seasickness Uncontrolled decompression Diver behaviour and competence Lack of competence Overconfidence effect Panic Task loading Trait anxiety Willful violation Consequences Barotrauma Decompression sickness Drowning Hypothermia Hypoxia Hypercapnia Hyperthermia Diving procedures Ascending and descending Emergency ascent Boat diving Canoe and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Scuba gas planning Diver communications Diving hand signals Diving line signals Diver voice communications Diver rescue Diver training Doing It Right Drift diving Gas blending for scuba diving Night diving Solo diving Water safety Risk management Checklist Hazard identification and risk assessment Hazard analysis Job safety analysis Risk assessment Risk control Hierarchy of hazard controls Incident pit Lockout–tagout Permit To Work Redundancy Safety data sheet Situation awareness Diving team Bellman Chamber operator Diver medical technician Diver's attendant Diving supervisor Diving systems technician Gas man Life support technician Stand-by diver Equipment safety Breathing gas quality Testing and inspection of diving cylinders Hydrostatic test Sustained load cracking Diving regulator Breathing performance of regulators Occupational safety and health Approaches to safety Job safety analysis Risk assessment Toolbox talk Housekeeping Association of Diving Contractors International Code of practice Contingency plan Diving regulations Emergency procedure Emergency response plan Evacuation plan Hazardous Materials Identification System Hierarchy of hazard controls Administrative controls Engineering controls Hazard elimination Hazard substitution Personal protective equipment International Marine Contractors Association Occupational hazard Biological hazard Chemical hazard Physical hazard Psychosocial hazard Occupational hygiene Exposure assessment Occupational exposure limit Workplace health surveillance Safety culture Code of practice Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Health and safety representative Operations manual Safety meeting Standard operating procedure Diving medicine Diving disorders List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders Cramp Motion sickness Surfer's ear Pressure related Alternobaric vertigo Barostriction Barotrauma Air embolism Aerosinusitis Barodontalgia Dental barotrauma Pulmonary barotrauma Compression arthralgia Decompression illness Dysbarism Oxygen Freediving blackout Hyperoxia Hypoxia Oxygen toxicity Inert gases Avascular necrosis Decompression sickness Isobaric counterdiffusion Taravana Dysbaric osteonecrosis High-pressure nervous syndrome Hydrogen narcosis Nitrogen narcosis Carbon dioxide Hypercapnia Hypocapnia Breathing gas contaminants Carbon monoxide poisoning Immersion related Asphyxia Drowning Hypothermia Immersion diuresis Instinctive drowning response Laryngospasm Salt water aspiration syndrome Swimming-induced pulmonary edema Treatment Demand valve oxygen therapy First aid Hyperbaric medicine Hyperbaric treatment schedules In-water recompression Oxygen therapy Therapeutic recompression Personnel Diving Medical Examiner Diving Medical Practitioner Diving Medical Technician Hyperbaric nursing Screening Atrial septal defect Effects of drugs on fitness to dive Fitness to dive Psychological fitness to dive Research Researchers in diving physiology and medicine Arthur J. ... Navy Diving Manual Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival Underwater Handbook Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving The new science of skin and scuba diving Professional Diver's Handbook Basic Scuba Standards and Codes of Practice Code of Practice for Scientific Diving (UNESCO) DIN 7876 IMCA Code of Practice for Offshore Diving ISO 24801 Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers General non-fiction The Darkness Beckons Goldfinder The Last Dive Shadow Divers The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure Research List of Divers Alert Network publications Dive guides Training and registration Diver training Competence and assessment Competency-based learning Refresher training Skill assessment Diver training standard Diving instructor Diving school Occupational diver training Commercial diver training Military diver training Public safety diver training Scientific diver training Recreational diver training Introductory diving Teaching method Muscle memory Overlearning Stress exposure training Skills Combat sidestroke Diver navigation Diver trim Ear clearing Frenzel maneuver Valsalva maneuver Finning techniques Scuba skills Buddy breathing Low impact diving Diamond Reef System Surface-supplied diving skills Underwater searches Recreational scuba certification levels Core diving skills Advanced Open Water Diver Autonomous diver CMAS* scuba diver CMAS** scuba diver Introductory diving Low Impact Diver Master Scuba Diver Open Water Diver Supervised diver Leadership skills Dive leader Divemaster Diving instructor Master Instructor Specialist skills Rescue Diver Solo diver Diver training certification and registration organisations European Underwater Federation (EUF) International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum (IDRCF) International Diving Schools Association (IDSA) International Marine Contractors Association (IMCA) List of diver certification organizations National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Nautical Archaeology Society Universal Referral Program World Recreational Scuba Training Council (WRSTC) Commercial diver certification authorities Australian Diver Accreditation Scheme (ADAS) Commercial diver registration in South Africa Divers Institute of Technology Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Department of Employment and Labour Commercial diving schools Divers Academy International Norwegian diver school Free-diving certification agencies AIDA International (AIDA) Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) Performance Freediving International (PI) Scuba Schools International (SSI) Recreational scuba certification agencies American Canadian Underwater Certifications (ACUC) American Nitrox Divers International (ANDI) Association nationale des moniteurs de plongée (ANMP) British Sub-Aqua Club (BSAC) Comhairle Fo-Thuinn (CFT) Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas (FEDAS) Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins (FFESSM) Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee (FIAS) Global Underwater Explorers (GUE) International Association for Handicapped Divers (IAHD) International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers (IANTD) International Diving Educators Association (IDEA) Israeli Diving Federation (TIDF) National Academy of Scuba Educators (NASE) National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI) Nederlandse Onderwatersport Bond (NOB) Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) Professional Diving Instructors Corporation (PDIC) Sub-Aqua Association (SAA) Scuba Diving International (SDI) Scuba Educators International (SEI) Scottish Sub Aqua Club (ScotSAC) Scuba Schools International (SSI) Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu (TSSF) United Diving Instructors (UDI) YMCA SCUBA Program Scientific diver certification authorities American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS) CMAS Scientific Committee Technical certification agencies American Nitrox Divers International (ANDI) British Sub-Aqua Club (BSAC) Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) Diving Science and Technology (DSAT) Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee (FIAS) International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers (IANTD) Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) Professional Diving Instructors Corporation (PDIC) Trimix Scuba Association (TSA) Technical Extended Range (TXR) Cave diving Cave Divers Association of Australia (CDAA) Cave Diving Group (CDG) Global Underwater Explorers (GUE) National Association for Cave Diving (NACD) National Speleological Society#Cave Diving Group (CDG) National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI) Technical Diving International (TDI) Underwater sports Surface snorkeling Finswimming Snorkeling/breath-hold Spearfishing Underwater football Underwater hockey Australia Turkey Underwater rugby Colombia United States Underwater target shooting Breath-hold Aquathlon Apnoea finswimming Freediving Underwater ice hockey Open Circuit Scuba Immersion finswimming Sport diving Underwater cycling Underwater orienteering Underwater photography Rebreather Underwater photography Sports governing organisations and federations International AIDA International Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques ) National AIDA Hellas Australian Underwater Federation British Freediving Association British Octopush Association British Underwater Sports Association Comhairle Fo-Thuinn Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins South African Underwater Sports Federation Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu Underwater Society of America ) Competitions 14th CMAS Underwater Photography World Championship Underwater divers Pioneers of diving Eduard Admetlla i Lázaro Aquanaut James F. ... Barnette Victor Berge Philippe Diolé Gary Gentile Bret Gilliam Bob Halstead Trevor Jackson Steve Lewis John Mattera Rescuers Craig Challen Richard Harris Rick Stanton John Volanthen Frogmen Lionel Crabb Commercial salvors Keith Jessop Science of underwater diving Diving physics Breathing performance of regulators Buoyancy Archimedes' principle Neutral buoyancy Concentration Diffusion Molecular diffusion Force Oxygen fraction Permeation Psychrometric constant Solubility Henry's law Saturation Solution Supersaturation Surface tension Hydrophobe Surfactant Temperature Torricellian chamber Underwater acoustics Modulated ultrasound Underwater vision Snell's law Underwater computer vision Weight Apparent weight Gas laws Amontons's law Boyle's law Charles's law Combined gas law Dalton's law Gay-Lussac's law Ideal gas law Pressure Absolute pressure Ambient pressure Atmospheric pressure Gauge pressure Hydrostatic pressure Metre sea water Partial pressure Diving physiology Artificial gills Cold shock response Diving reflex Equivalent narcotic depth Lipid Maximum operating depth Metabolism Physiological response to water immersion Tissue Underwater vision Circulatory system Blood shift Patent foramen ovale Perfusion Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation Decompression theory Decompression models: Bühlmann decompression algorithm Haldane's decompression model Reduced gradient bubble model Thalmann algorithm Thermodynamic model of decompression Varying Permeability Model Equivalent air depth Equivalent narcotic depth Oxygen window in diving decompression Physiology of decompression Respiration Blood–air barrier Breathing CO₂ retention Dead space Gas exchange Hypocapnia Respiratory exchange ratio Respiratory quotient Respiratory system Work of breathing Diving environment Classification List of diving environments by type Altitude diving Benign water diving Confined water diving Deep diving Inland diving Inshore diving Muck diving Night diving Open-water diving Black-water diving Blue-water diving Penetration diving Cave diving Ice diving Wreck diving Recreational dive sites Underwater environment Impact Environmental impact of recreational diving Low impact diving Environmental factors Algal bloom Currents: Current Longshore drift Ocean current Rip current Tidal race Undertow Upwelling Ekman transport Halocline Reef Coral reef Stratification Thermocline Tides Turbidity Wind wave Breaking wave Surf Surge Wave shoaling Other Bathysphere Defense against swimmer incursions Diver detection sonar Offshore survey Underwater domain awareness Awards and events Hans Hass Award International Scuba Diving Hall of Fame London Diving Chamber Dive Lectures NOGI Awards Deep-submergence vehicle Aluminaut DSV Alvin American submarine NR-1 Bathyscaphe Archimède FNRS-2 FNRS-3 FNRS-4 Harmony class bathyscaphe Sea Pole -class bathyscaphe Trieste II Deepsea Challenger Ictineu 3 JAGO Jiaolong Konsul -class submersible DSV Limiting Factor Russian submarine Losharik Mir Nautile Pisces -class deep submergence vehicle DSV Sea Cliff DSV Shinkai DSV Shinkai 2000 DSV Shinkai 6500 DSV Turtle DSV-5 Nemo Deep-submergence rescue vehicle LR5 LR7 MSM-1 Mystic -class deep-submergence rescue vehicle DSRV-1 Mystic DSRV-2 Avalon NATO Submarine Rescue System Priz -class deep-submergence rescue vehicle Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle AS-28 Russian submarine AS-34 ASRV Remora SRV-300 Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System Type 7103 DSRV URF (Swedish Navy) Special interest groups Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia CMAS Europe Coral Reef Alliance Diving Equipment and Marketing Association Divers Alert Network Green Fins Historical Diving Society Karst Underwater Research Nautical Archaeology Program Nautical Archaeology Society Naval Air Command Sub Aqua Club Project AWARE Reef Check Reef Life Survey Rubicon Foundation Save Ontario Shipwrecks SeaKeys Sea Research Society Society for Underwater Historical Research Society for Underwater Technology Underwater Archaeology Branch, Naval History & Heritage Command Submarine escape and rescue Escape trunk International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office McCann Rescue Chamber Submarine Escape and Rescue system (Royal Swedish Navy) Submarine escape training facility Submarine Escape Training Facility (Australia) Submarine rescue ship Neutral buoyancy facilities for Astronaut training Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory Neutral buoyancy pool Neutral buoyancy simulation as a training aid Neutral Buoyancy Simulator Space Systems Laboratory Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center Other Nautilus Productions Category Commons Glossary Indexes: dive sites divers diving Outline Portal

External links [ edit ] Diving Medicine Online — Salt Water Aspiration Syndrome v t e Underwater diving Diving modes Atmospheric pressure diving Freediving Saturation diving Scuba diving Snorkeling Surface oriented diving Surface-supplied diving Unmanned diving Diving equipment Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment Human factors in diving equipment design Basic equipment Diving mask Snorkel Swimfin Breathing gas Bailout gas Bottom gas Breathing air Decompression gas Emergency gas supply Heliox Nitrox Oxygen Travel gas Trimix Buoyancy and trim equipment Buoyancy compensator Power inflator Dump valve Diving weighting system Ankle weights Integrated weights Trim weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression cylinder Decompression trapeze Dive computer Diving shot Jersey upline Jonline Diving suit Atmospheric diving suit Dry suit Sladen suit Standard diving suit Rash vest Wetsuit Dive skins Hot-water suit Helmets and masks Anti-fog Diving helmet Free-flow helmet Lightweight demand helmet Orinasal mask Reclaim helmet Shallow water helmet Standard diving helmet Diving mask Band mask Full-face mask Half mask Instrumentation Bottom timer Depth gauge Dive computer Dive timer Diving watch Helium release valve Pneumofathometer Submersible pressure gauge Mobility equipment Diving bell Closed bell Wet bell Diving stage Swimfin Monofin PowerSwim Towboard Diver propulsion vehicle Advanced SEAL Delivery System Cosmos CE2F series Dry Combat Submersible Human torpedo Motorised Submersible Canoe Necker Nymph R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle SEAL Delivery Vehicle Shallow Water Combat Submersible Siluro San Bartolomeo Wet Nellie Wet sub Safety equipment Alternative air source Octopus regulator Pony bottle Bolt snap Buddy line Dive light Diver's cutting tool Diver's knife Diver's telephone Through-water communications Diving bell Diving safety harness Emergency gas supply Bailout block Bailout bottle Lifeline Screw gate carabiner Emergency locator beacon Rescue tether Safety helmet Shark-proof cage Snoopy loop Navigation equipment Distance line Diving compass Dive reel Line marker Surface marker buoy Silt screw Underwater breathing apparatus Atmospheric diving suit Diving cylinder Burst disc Diving cylinder valve Diving helmet Reclaim helmet Diving regulator Mechanism of diving regulators Regulator malfunction Regulator freeze Single-hose regulator Twin-hose regulator Full face diving mask Open-circuit scuba Scuba set Bailout bottle Decompression cylinder Independent doubles Manifolded twin set Scuba manifold Pony bottle Scuba configuration Sidemount Sling cylinder Diving rebreathers Carbon dioxide scrubber Carleton CDBA CDLSE Cryogenic rebreather CUMA DSEA Dolphin Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor FROGS Halcyon PVR-BASC Halcyon RB80 IDA71 Interspiro DCSC KISS LAR-5 LAR-6 LAR-V LARU Porpoise Ray Siebe Gorman CDBA Siva Viper Surface-supplied diving equipment Air line Diver's umbilical Diving air compressor Gas panel Hookah Scuba replacement Sea Trek Snuba Standard diving dress Escape set Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus Momsen lung Steinke hood Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment Diving equipment manufacturers AP Diving Apeks Aqua Lung America Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique Beuchat René Cavalero Cis-Lunar Cressi-Sub Dacor DESCO Dive Xtras Divex Diving Unlimited International Drägerwerk Fenzy Maurice Fernez Technisub Oscar Gugen Heinke HeinrichsWeikamp Johnson Outdoors Mares Morse Diving Nemrod Oceanic Worldwide Porpoise Sub Sea Systems Shearwater Research Siebe Gorman Submarine Products Suunto Diving support equipment Access equipment Boarding stirrup Diver lift Diving bell Diving ladder Diving platform (scuba) Diving stage Downline Jackstay Launch and recovery system Messenger line Moon pool Breathing gas handling Air filtration Activated carbon Hopcalite Molecular sieve Silica gel Booster pump Carbon dioxide scrubber Cascade filling system Diver's pump Diving air compressor Diving air filter Water separator High pressure breathing air compressor Low pressure breathing air compressor Gas blending Gas blending for scuba diving Gas panel Gas reclaim system Gas storage bank Gas storage quad Gas storage tube Helium analyzer Nitrox production Membrane gas separation Pressure swing adsorption Oxygen analyser Oxygen compatibility Decompression equipment Built-in breathing system Decompression tables Diving bell Bell cursor Closed bell Clump weight Launch and recovery system Wet bell Diving chamber Diving stage Recreational Dive Planner Saturation system Platforms Dive boat Canoe and kayak diving Combat Rubber Raiding Craft Liveaboard Subskimmer Diving support vessel HMS Challenger (K07) Underwater habitat Aquarius Reef Base Continental Shelf Station Two Helgoland Habitat Jules' Undersea Lodge Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station SEALAB Tektite habitat Remotely operated underwater vehicles 8A4-class ROUV ABISMO Atlantis ROV Team CURV Deep Drone Épaulard Global Explorer ROV Goldfish-class ROUV Kaikō ROV Kaşif ROUV Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System Mini Rover ROV OpenROV ROV KIEL 6000 ROV PHOCA Scorpio ROV Sea Dragon-class ROV Seabed tractor Seafox drone Seahorse ROUV SeaPerch SJT-class ROUV T1200 Trenching Unit VideoRay UROVs Safety equipment Diver down flag Diving shot Hyperbaric lifeboat Hyperbaric stretcher Jackstay Jonline Reserve gas supply General Diving spread Air spread Saturation spread Hot water system Sonar Underwater acoustic positioning system Underwater acoustic communication Freediving Activities Aquathlon Apnoea finswimming Freediving Haenyeo Pearl hunting Ama Snorkeling Spearfishing Underwater football Underwater hockey Underwater ice hockey Underwater rugby Underwater target shooting Competitions Nordic Deep Vertical Blue Disciplines Constant weight (CWT) Constant weight without fins (CNF) Dynamic apnea (DYN) Dynamic apnea without fins (DNF) Free immersion (FIM) No-limits apnea (NLT) Static apnea (STA) Skandalopetra diving Variable weight apnea (VWT) Variable weight apnea without fins Equipment Diving mask Diving suit Hawaiian sling Polespear Snorkel (swimming) Speargun Swimfins Monofin Water polo cap Freedivers Deborah Andollo Peppo Biscarini Sara Campbell Derya Can Göçen Goran Čolak Carlos Coste Robert Croft Mandy-Rae Cruickshank Yasemin Dalkılıç Leonardo D'Imporzano Flavia Eberhard Şahika Ercümen Emma Farrell Francisco Ferreras Pierre Frolla Flavia Eberhard Mehgan Heaney-Grier Elisabeth Kristoffersen Loïc Leferme Enzo Maiorca Jacques Mayol Audrey Mestre Karol Meyer Stéphane Mifsud Alexey Molchanov Natalia Molchanova Dave Mullins Patrick Musimu Guillaume Néry Herbert Nitsch Umberto Pelizzari Annelie Pompe Michal Risian Stig Severinsen Tom Sietas Aharon Solomons Martin Štěpánek Walter Steyn Tanya Streeter William Trubridge Devrim Cenk Ulusoy Danai Varveri Alessia Zecchini Nataliia Zharkova Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming Organisations AIDA International Scuba Schools International Australian Underwater Federation British Freediving Association Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins Performance Freediving International Professional diving Occupations Ama Commercial diver Commercial offshore diver Hazmat diver Divemaster Diving instructor Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Diving supervisor Haenyeo Media diver Police diver Public safety diver Scientific diver Underwater archaeologist Military diving Army engineer diver Clearance diver Frogman List of military diving units Royal Navy ships diver Special Boat Service United States military divers U.S. ... Vandenberg HMS Ghurka Glen Strathallan SAS Good Hope Gothenburg Herzogin Cecilie Hilma Hooker Hispania HMS Hood HMAS Hobart Igara James Eagan Layne Captain Keith Tibbetts King Cruiser SMS Kronprinz Kyarra HMS Laforey USAT Liberty Louis Sheid USS LST-507 SMS Markgraf Mikhail Lermontov HMS M2 Maine Maloja HMS Maori Marguerite SS Mauna Loa USAT Meigs Mendi USCGC Mohawk Mohegan RMS Moldavia HMS Montagu MV RMS Mulheim Nagato Oceana USS Oriskany Oslofjord P29 P31 Pedernales Persier HMAS Perth SAS Pietermaritzburg Piłsudski Pool Fisher HMS Port Napier Preußen President Coolidge PS Queen Victoria Radaas Rainbow Warrior RMS Rhone Rondo Rosehill Rotorua Royal Adelaide Royal Charter Rozi HMS Safari Salem Express USS Saratoga USS Scuffle HMS Scylla HMS Sidon USS Spiegel Grove Stanegarth Stanwood Stella HMAS Swan USS Tarpon Thesis Thistlegorm Toa Maru Torrey Canyon SAS Transvaal U-40 U-352 U-1195 Um El Faroud Varvassi Walter L M Russ Washingtonian (1913) HMNZS Wellington USS Yancey Yongala Zenobia Zealandia Zingara Cave diving sites Blauhöhle Chinhoyi Caves Devil's Throat at Punta Sur Engelbrecht Cave Fossil Cave Jordbrugrotta Piccaninnie Ponds Pluragrotta Pollatoomary Sistema Ox Bel Ha Sistema Sac Actun Sistema Dos Ojos Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich Freshwater dives Dutch Springs Ewens Ponds Little Blue Lake Training sites Capernwray Dive Centre Deepspot National Diving and Activity Centre Stoney Cove Open ocean diving Blue-water diving Black-water diving Diving safety Human factors in diving equipment design Human factors in diving safety Life-support system Safety-critical system Scuba diving fatalities Diving hazards List of diving hazards and precautions Environmental Current Delta-P Entanglement hazard Overhead Silt out Wave action Equipment Freeflow Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus Single point of failure Physiological Cold shock response Decompression Nitrogen narcosis Oxygen toxicity Seasickness Uncontrolled decompression Diver behaviour and competence Lack of competence Overconfidence effect Panic Task loading Trait anxiety Willful violation Consequences Barotrauma Decompression sickness Drowning Hypothermia Hypoxia Hypercapnia Hyperthermia Diving procedures Ascending and descending Emergency ascent Boat diving Canoe and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Scuba gas planning Diver communications Diving hand signals Diving line signals Diver voice communications Diver rescue Diver training Doing It Right Drift diving Gas blending for scuba diving Night diving Solo diving Water safety Risk management Checklist Hazard identification and risk assessment Hazard analysis Job safety analysis Risk assessment Risk control Hierarchy of hazard controls Incident pit Lockout–tagout Permit To Work Redundancy Safety data sheet Situation awareness Diving team Bellman Chamber operator Diver medical technician Diver's attendant Diving supervisor Diving systems technician Gas man Life support technician Stand-by diver Equipment safety Breathing gas quality Testing and inspection of diving cylinders Hydrostatic test Sustained load cracking Diving regulator Breathing performance of regulators Occupational safety and health Approaches to safety Job safety analysis Risk assessment Toolbox talk Housekeeping Association of Diving Contractors International Code of practice Contingency plan Diving regulations Emergency procedure Emergency response plan Evacuation plan Hazardous Materials Identification System Hierarchy of hazard controls Administrative controls Engineering controls Hazard elimination Hazard substitution Personal protective equipment International Marine Contractors Association Occupational hazard Biological hazard Chemical hazard Physical hazard Psychosocial hazard Occupational hygiene Exposure assessment Occupational exposure limit Workplace health surveillance Safety culture Code of practice Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Health and safety representative Operations manual Safety meeting Standard operating procedure Diving medicine Diving disorders List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders Cramp Motion sickness Surfer's ear Pressure related Alternobaric vertigo Barostriction Barotrauma Air embolism Aerosinusitis Barodontalgia Dental barotrauma Pulmonary barotrauma Compression arthralgia Decompression illness Dysbarism Oxygen Freediving blackout Hyperoxia Hypoxia Oxygen toxicity Inert gases Avascular necrosis Decompression sickness Isobaric counterdiffusion Taravana Dysbaric osteonecrosis High-pressure nervous syndrome Hydrogen narcosis Nitrogen narcosis Carbon dioxide Hypercapnia Hypocapnia Breathing gas contaminants Carbon monoxide poisoning Immersion related Asphyxia Drowning Hypothermia Immersion diuresis Instinctive drowning response Laryngospasm Salt water aspiration syndrome Swimming-induced pulmonary edema Treatment Demand valve oxygen therapy First aid Hyperbaric medicine Hyperbaric treatment schedules In-water recompression Oxygen therapy Therapeutic recompression Personnel Diving Medical Examiner Diving Medical Practitioner Diving Medical Technician Hyperbaric nursing Screening Atrial septal defect Effects of drugs on fitness to dive Fitness to dive Psychological fitness to dive Research Researchers in diving physiology and medicine Arthur J. ... Navy Diving Manual Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival Underwater Handbook Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving The new science of skin and scuba diving Professional Diver's Handbook Basic Scuba Standards and Codes of Practice Code of Practice for Scientific Diving (UNESCO) DIN 7876 IMCA Code of Practice for Offshore Diving ISO 24801 Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers General non-fiction The Darkness Beckons Goldfinder The Last Dive Shadow Divers The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure Research List of Divers Alert Network publications Dive guides Training and registration Diver training Competence and assessment Competency-based learning Refresher training Skill assessment Diver training standard Diving instructor Diving school Occupational diver training Commercial diver training Military diver training Public safety diver training Scientific diver training Recreational diver training Introductory diving Teaching method Muscle memory Overlearning Stress exposure training Skills Combat sidestroke Diver navigation Diver trim Ear clearing Frenzel maneuver Valsalva maneuver Finning techniques Scuba skills Buddy breathing Low impact diving Diamond Reef System Surface-supplied diving skills Underwater searches Recreational scuba certification levels Core diving skills Advanced Open Water Diver Autonomous diver CMAS* scuba diver CMAS** scuba diver Introductory diving Low Impact Diver Master Scuba Diver Open Water Diver Supervised diver Leadership skills Dive leader Divemaster Diving instructor Master Instructor Specialist skills Rescue Diver Solo diver Diver training certification and registration organisations European Underwater Federation (EUF) International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum (IDRCF) International Diving Schools Association (IDSA) International Marine Contractors Association (IMCA) List of diver certification organizations National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Nautical Archaeology Society Universal Referral Program World Recreational Scuba Training Council (WRSTC) Commercial diver certification authorities Australian Diver Accreditation Scheme (ADAS) Commercial diver registration in South Africa Divers Institute of Technology Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Department of Employment and Labour Commercial diving schools Divers Academy International Norwegian diver school Free-diving certification agencies AIDA International (AIDA) Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) Performance Freediving International (PI) Scuba Schools International (SSI) Recreational scuba certification agencies American Canadian Underwater Certifications (ACUC) American Nitrox Divers International (ANDI) Association nationale des moniteurs de plongée (ANMP) British Sub-Aqua Club (BSAC) Comhairle Fo-Thuinn (CFT) Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas (FEDAS) Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins (FFESSM) Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee (FIAS) Global Underwater Explorers (GUE) International Association for Handicapped Divers (IAHD) International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers (IANTD) International Diving Educators Association (IDEA) Israeli Diving Federation (TIDF) National Academy of Scuba Educators (NASE) National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI) Nederlandse Onderwatersport Bond (NOB) Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) Professional Diving Instructors Corporation (PDIC) Sub-Aqua Association (SAA) Scuba Diving International (SDI) Scuba Educators International (SEI) Scottish Sub Aqua Club (ScotSAC) Scuba Schools International (SSI) Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu (TSSF) United Diving Instructors (UDI) YMCA SCUBA Program Scientific diver certification authorities American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS) CMAS Scientific Committee Technical certification agencies American Nitrox Divers International (ANDI) British Sub-Aqua Club (BSAC) Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) Diving Science and Technology (DSAT) Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee (FIAS) International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers (IANTD) Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) Professional Diving Instructors Corporation (PDIC) Trimix Scuba Association (TSA) Technical Extended Range (TXR) Cave diving Cave Divers Association of Australia (CDAA) Cave Diving Group (CDG) Global Underwater Explorers (GUE) National Association for Cave Diving (NACD) National Speleological Society#Cave Diving Group (CDG) National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI) Technical Diving International (TDI) Underwater sports Surface snorkeling Finswimming Snorkeling/breath-hold Spearfishing Underwater football Underwater hockey Australia Turkey Underwater rugby Colombia United States Underwater target shooting Breath-hold Aquathlon Apnoea finswimming Freediving Underwater ice hockey Open Circuit Scuba Immersion finswimming Sport diving Underwater cycling Underwater orienteering Underwater photography Rebreather Underwater photography Sports governing organisations and federations International AIDA International Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques ) National AIDA Hellas Australian Underwater Federation British Freediving Association British Octopush Association British Underwater Sports Association Comhairle Fo-Thuinn Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins South African Underwater Sports Federation Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu Underwater Society of America ) Competitions 14th CMAS Underwater Photography World Championship Underwater divers Pioneers of diving Eduard Admetlla i Lázaro Aquanaut James F. ... Barnette Victor Berge Philippe Diolé Gary Gentile Bret Gilliam Bob Halstead Trevor Jackson Steve Lewis John Mattera Rescuers Craig Challen Richard Harris Rick Stanton John Volanthen Frogmen Lionel Crabb Commercial salvors Keith Jessop Science of underwater diving Diving physics Breathing performance of regulators Buoyancy Archimedes' principle Neutral buoyancy Concentration Diffusion Molecular diffusion Force Oxygen fraction Permeation Psychrometric constant Solubility Henry's law Saturation Solution Supersaturation Surface tension Hydrophobe Surfactant Temperature Torricellian chamber Underwater acoustics Modulated ultrasound Underwater vision Snell's law Underwater computer vision Weight Apparent weight Gas laws Amontons's law Boyle's law Charles's law Combined gas law Dalton's law Gay-Lussac's law Ideal gas law Pressure Absolute pressure Ambient pressure Atmospheric pressure Gauge pressure Hydrostatic pressure Metre sea water Partial pressure Diving physiology Artificial gills Cold shock response Diving reflex Equivalent narcotic depth Lipid Maximum operating depth Metabolism Physiological response to water immersion Tissue Underwater vision Circulatory system Blood shift Patent foramen ovale Perfusion Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation Decompression theory Decompression models: Bühlmann decompression algorithm Haldane's decompression model Reduced gradient bubble model Thalmann algorithm Thermodynamic model of decompression Varying Permeability Model Equivalent air depth Equivalent narcotic depth Oxygen window in diving decompression Physiology of decompression Respiration Blood–air barrier Breathing CO₂ retention Dead space Gas exchange Hypocapnia Respiratory exchange ratio Respiratory quotient Respiratory system Work of breathing Diving environment Classification List of diving environments by type Altitude diving Benign water diving Confined water diving Deep diving Inland diving Inshore diving Muck diving Night diving Open-water diving Black-water diving Blue-water diving Penetration diving Cave diving Ice diving Wreck diving Recreational dive sites Underwater environment Impact Environmental impact of recreational diving Low impact diving Environmental factors Algal bloom Currents: Current Longshore drift Ocean current Rip current Tidal race Undertow Upwelling Ekman transport Halocline Reef Coral reef Stratification Thermocline Tides Turbidity Wind wave Breaking wave Surf Surge Wave shoaling Other Bathysphere Defense against swimmer incursions Diver detection sonar Offshore survey Underwater domain awareness Awards and events Hans Hass Award International Scuba Diving Hall of Fame London Diving Chamber Dive Lectures NOGI Awards Deep-submergence vehicle Aluminaut DSV Alvin American submarine NR-1 Bathyscaphe Archimède FNRS-2 FNRS-3 FNRS-4 Harmony class bathyscaphe Sea Pole -class bathyscaphe Trieste II Deepsea Challenger Ictineu 3 JAGO Jiaolong Konsul -class submersible DSV Limiting Factor Russian submarine Losharik Mir Nautile Pisces -class deep submergence vehicle DSV Sea Cliff DSV Shinkai DSV Shinkai 2000 DSV Shinkai 6500 DSV Turtle DSV-5 Nemo Deep-submergence rescue vehicle LR5 LR7 MSM-1 Mystic -class deep-submergence rescue vehicle DSRV-1 Mystic DSRV-2 Avalon NATO Submarine Rescue System Priz -class deep-submergence rescue vehicle Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle AS-28 Russian submarine AS-34 ASRV Remora SRV-300 Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System Type 7103 DSRV URF (Swedish Navy) Special interest groups Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia CMAS Europe Coral Reef Alliance Diving Equipment and Marketing Association Divers Alert Network Green Fins Historical Diving Society Karst Underwater Research Nautical Archaeology Program Nautical Archaeology Society Naval Air Command Sub Aqua Club Project AWARE Reef Check Reef Life Survey Rubicon Foundation Save Ontario Shipwrecks SeaKeys Sea Research Society Society for Underwater Historical Research Society for Underwater Technology Underwater Archaeology Branch, Naval History & Heritage Command Submarine escape and rescue Escape trunk International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office McCann Rescue Chamber Submarine Escape and Rescue system (Royal Swedish Navy) Submarine escape training facility Submarine Escape Training Facility (Australia) Submarine rescue ship Neutral buoyancy facilities for Astronaut training Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory Neutral buoyancy pool Neutral buoyancy simulation as a training aid Neutral Buoyancy Simulator Space Systems Laboratory Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center Other Nautilus Productions Category Commons Glossary Indexes: dive sites divers diving Outline Portal