Specialty General surgery Gastrinomas are neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), usually located in the duodenum or pancreas, that secrete gastrin and cause a clinical syndrome known as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). [1] A large number of gastrinomas develop in the pancreas or duodenum, with near-equal frequency, and approximately 10% arise as primary neoplasms in lymph nodes of the pancreaticoduodenal region (gastrinoma triangle). [2] Most gastrinomas are sporadic (75%–80%), whereas approximately 20% to 25% are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN-1). [3] Over 50% of gastrinomas are malignant and can metastasize to regional lymph nodes and liver. ... Gastrinomas are also the most common functional and malignant pancreatic endocrine tumors. [16] They are characterized by gastric hypersecretion that results in peptic ulcers and diarrhea; this condition is known as Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (ZES). [15] Research [ edit ] Recently, research studies have been conducted to seek new medical advances in relation to gastrinoma and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome . ... Other treatments that are still in phase three of clinical trials include liver transplantation and peptide-radioreceptor therapy. [17] See Also [ edit ] Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia-1 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Peptic Ulcer disease Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors References [ edit ] ^ Jensen, Robert T.; Niederle, Bruno; Mitry, Emmanuel; Ramage, John K.; Steinmüller, Thomas; Lewington, V.; Scarpa, Aldo; Sundin, Anders; Perren, Aurel; Gross, David; O’Connor, Juan M. (2006). ... PMID 31852099 . ^ Cingam, Shashank R.; Botejue, Mahesh; Hoilat, Gilles J.; Karanchi, Harsha (2020), "Gastrinoma" , StatPearls , Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 28722872 , retrieved 2020-12-18 ^ Ito, Tetsuhide; Igarashi, Hisato; Jensen, Robert T (November 2013). "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: Recent advances and controversies" . ... External links [ edit ] Emedicine Classification D ICD-O : M8153/1 MeSH : D015408 External resources eMedicine : med/2678 v t e Diseases of the digestive system Upper GI tract Esophagus Esophagitis Candidal Eosinophilic Herpetiform Rupture Boerhaave syndrome Mallory–Weiss syndrome UES Zenker's diverticulum LES Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Diffuse esophageal spasm Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Esophageal stricture Megaesophagus Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis Stomach Gastritis Atrophic Ménétrier's disease Gastroenteritis Peptic (gastric) ulcer Cushing ulcer Dieulafoy's lesion Dyspepsia Pyloric stenosis Achlorhydria Gastroparesis Gastroptosis Portal hypertensive gastropathy Gastric antral vascular ectasia Gastric dumping syndrome Gastric volvulus Buried bumper syndrome Gastrinoma Zollinger–Ellison syndrome Lower GI tract Enteropathy Small intestine ( Duodenum / Jejunum / Ileum ) Enteritis Duodenitis Jejunitis Ileitis Peptic (duodenal) ulcer Curling's ulcer Malabsorption : Coeliac Tropical sprue Blind loop syndrome Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome Whipple's Short bowel syndrome Steatorrhea Milroy disease Bile acid malabsorption Large intestine ( Appendix / Colon ) Appendicitis Colitis Pseudomembranous Ulcerative Ischemic Microscopic Collagenous Lymphocytic Functional colonic disease IBS Intestinal pseudoobstruction / Ogilvie syndrome Megacolon / Toxic megacolon Diverticulitis / Diverticulosis / SCAD Large and/or small Enterocolitis Necrotizing Gastroenterocolitis IBD Crohn's disease Vascular : Abdominal angina Mesenteric ischemia Angiodysplasia Bowel obstruction : Ileus Intussusception Volvulus Fecal impaction Constipation Diarrhea Infectious Intestinal adhesions Rectum Proctitis Radiation proctitis Proctalgia fugax Rectal prolapse Anismus Anal canal Anal fissure / Anal fistula Anal abscess Hemorrhoid Anal dysplasia Pruritus ani GI bleeding Blood in stool Upper Hematemesis Melena Lower Hematochezia Accessory Liver Hepatitis Viral hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis PBC Fatty liver NASH Vascular Budd–Chiari syndrome Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Portal hypertension Nutmeg liver Alcoholic liver disease Liver failure Hepatic encephalopathy Acute liver failure Liver abscess Pyogenic Amoebic Hepatorenal syndrome Peliosis hepatis Metabolic disorders Wilson's disease Hemochromatosis Gallbladder Cholecystitis Gallstone / Cholelithiasis Cholesterolosis Adenomyomatosis Postcholecystectomy syndrome Porcelain gallbladder Bile duct / Other biliary tree Cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Secondary sclerosing cholangitis Ascending Cholestasis / Mirizzi's syndrome Biliary fistula Haemobilia Common bile duct Choledocholithiasis Biliary dyskinesia Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Pancreatic Pancreatitis Acute Chronic Hereditary Pancreatic abscess Pancreatic pseudocyst Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic fistula Other Hernia Diaphragmatic Congenital Hiatus Inguinal Indirect Direct Umbilical Femoral Obturator Spigelian Lumbar Petit's Grynfeltt-Lesshaft Undefined location Incisional Internal hernia Richter's Peritoneal Peritonitis Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Hemoperitoneum Pneumoperitoneum v t e Glandular and epithelial cancer Epithelium Papilloma / carcinoma Small-cell carcinoma Combined small-cell carcinoma Verrucous carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Basal-cell carcinoma Transitional cell carcinoma Inverted papilloma Complex epithelial Warthin's tumor Thymoma Bartholin gland carcinoma Glands Adenomas / adenocarcinomas Gastrointestinal tract: Linitis plastica Familial adenomatous polyposis pancreas Insulinoma Glucagonoma Gastrinoma VIPoma Somatostatinoma Cholangiocarcinoma Klatskin tumor Hepatocellular adenoma / Hepatocellular carcinoma Urogenital Renal cell carcinoma Endometrioid tumor Renal oncocytoma Endocrine Prolactinoma Multiple endocrine neoplasia Adrenocortical adenoma / Adrenocortical carcinoma Hürthle cell Other/multiple Neuroendocrine tumor Carcinoid Adenoid cystic carcinoma Oncocytoma Clear-cell adenocarcinoma Apudoma Cylindroma Papillary hidradenoma Adnexal and skin appendage sweat gland Hidrocystoma Syringoma Syringocystadenoma papilliferum Cystic, mucinous, and serous Cystic general Cystadenoma / Cystadenocarcinoma Mucinous Signet ring cell carcinoma Krukenberg tumor Mucinous cystadenoma / Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma Pseudomyxoma peritonei Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Serous Ovarian serous cystadenoma / Pancreatic serous cystadenoma / Serous cystadenocarcinoma / Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma Ductal, lobular, and medullary Ductal carcinoma Mammary ductal carcinoma Pancreatic ductal carcinoma Comedocarcinoma Paget's disease of the breast / Extramammary Paget's disease Lobular carcinoma Lobular carcinoma in situ Invasive lobular carcinoma Medullary carcinoma Medullary carcinoma of the breast Medullary thyroid cancer Acinar cell Acinic cell carcinoma v t e Tumours of endocrine glands Pancreas Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor α : Glucagonoma β : Insulinoma δ : Somatostatinoma G : Gastrinoma VIPoma Pituitary Pituitary adenoma : Prolactinoma ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma GH-secreting pituitary adenoma Craniopharyngioma Pituicytoma Thyroid Thyroid cancer (malignant): epithelial-cell carcinoma Papillary Follicular / Hurthle cell Parafollicular cell Medullary Anaplastic Lymphoma Squamous-cell carcinoma Benign Thyroid adenoma Struma ovarii Adrenal tumor Cortex Adrenocortical adenoma Adrenocortical carcinoma Medulla Pheochromocytoma Neuroblastoma Paraganglioma Parathyroid Parathyroid neoplasm Adenoma Carcinoma Pineal gland Pinealoma Pinealoblastoma Pineocytoma MEN 1 2A 2B