The int22h1/int22h2-mediated Xq28 duplication syndrome is a recently recognized X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized in males by cognitive impairment, behavioral and psychiatric problems, recurrent infections and atopic diseases, obesity, and distinctive facial features. ... Clinical Characteristics Clinical Description The int22h1/int22h2-mediated Xq28 duplication syndrome is a recently recognized X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized in males by cognitive impairment, behavioral and psychiatric problems, recurrent infections, atopic diseases, obesity, and distinctive facial features. ... Penetrance Int22h1/int22h2-mediated Xq28 duplication syndrome is completely penetrant for cognitive impairment in males. ... Cognitive impairment and recurrent infections are common in both syndromes. However, infantile hypotonia, spasticity, and seizures have not been observed in int22h1/int22h2-mediated Xq28 duplication syndrome. ... Differential diagnosis also includes different forms of syndromic X-linked intellectual disability and nonsyndromic X-linked intellectual disability; see OMIM Phenotypic Series: Mental retardation, X-linked syndromic and Mental retardation, X-linked nonsyndromic to view genes associated with these phenotypes in OMIM.
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : K76.1 ICD - 9-CM : 573.8 v t e Diseases of the digestive system Upper GI tract Esophagus Esophagitis Candidal Eosinophilic Herpetiform Rupture Boerhaave syndrome Mallory–Weiss syndrome UES Zenker's diverticulum LES Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Diffuse esophageal spasm Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Esophageal stricture Megaesophagus Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis Stomach Gastritis Atrophic Ménétrier's disease Gastroenteritis Peptic (gastric) ulcer Cushing ulcer Dieulafoy's lesion Dyspepsia Pyloric stenosis Achlorhydria Gastroparesis Gastroptosis Portal hypertensive gastropathy Gastric antral vascular ectasia Gastric dumping syndrome Gastric volvulus Buried bumper syndrome Gastrinoma Zollinger–Ellison syndrome Lower GI tract Enteropathy Small intestine ( Duodenum / Jejunum / Ileum ) Enteritis Duodenitis Jejunitis Ileitis Peptic (duodenal) ulcer Curling's ulcer Malabsorption : Coeliac Tropical sprue Blind loop syndrome Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome Whipple's Short bowel syndrome Steatorrhea Milroy disease Bile acid malabsorption Large intestine ( Appendix / Colon ) Appendicitis Colitis Pseudomembranous Ulcerative Ischemic Microscopic Collagenous Lymphocytic Functional colonic disease IBS Intestinal pseudoobstruction / Ogilvie syndrome Megacolon / Toxic megacolon Diverticulitis / Diverticulosis / SCAD Large and/or small Enterocolitis Necrotizing Gastroenterocolitis IBD Crohn's disease Vascular : Abdominal angina Mesenteric ischemia Angiodysplasia Bowel obstruction : Ileus Intussusception Volvulus Fecal impaction Constipation Diarrhea Infectious Intestinal adhesions Rectum Proctitis Radiation proctitis Proctalgia fugax Rectal prolapse Anismus Anal canal Anal fissure / Anal fistula Anal abscess Hemorrhoid Anal dysplasia Pruritus ani GI bleeding Blood in stool Upper Hematemesis Melena Lower Hematochezia Accessory Liver Hepatitis Viral hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis PBC Fatty liver NASH Vascular Budd–Chiari syndrome Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Portal hypertension Nutmeg liver Alcoholic liver disease Liver failure Hepatic encephalopathy Acute liver failure Liver abscess Pyogenic Amoebic Hepatorenal syndrome Peliosis hepatis Metabolic disorders Wilson's disease Hemochromatosis Gallbladder Cholecystitis Gallstone / Cholelithiasis Cholesterolosis Adenomyomatosis Postcholecystectomy syndrome Porcelain gallbladder Bile duct / Other biliary tree Cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Secondary sclerosing cholangitis Ascending Cholestasis / Mirizzi's syndrome Biliary fistula Haemobilia Common bile duct Choledocholithiasis Biliary dyskinesia Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Pancreatic Pancreatitis Acute Chronic Hereditary Pancreatic abscess Pancreatic pseudocyst Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic fistula Other Hernia Diaphragmatic Congenital Hiatus Inguinal Indirect Direct Umbilical Femoral Obturator Spigelian Lumbar Petit's Grynfeltt-Lesshaft Undefined location Incisional Internal hernia Richter's Peritoneal Peritonitis Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Hemoperitoneum Pneumoperitoneum v t e Medicine Specialties and subspecialties Surgery Cardiac surgery Cardiothoracic surgery Colorectal surgery Eye surgery General surgery Neurosurgery Oral and maxillofacial surgery Orthopedic surgery Hand surgery Otolaryngology ENT Pediatric surgery Plastic surgery Reproductive surgery Surgical oncology Transplant surgery Trauma surgery Urology Andrology Vascular surgery Internal medicine Allergy / Immunology Angiology Cardiology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Hepatology Geriatrics Hematology Hospital medicine Infectious disease Nephrology Oncology Pulmonology Rheumatology Obstetrics and gynaecology Gynaecology Gynecologic oncology Maternal–fetal medicine Obstetrics Reproductive endocrinology and infertility Urogynecology 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A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that the disorder represents a contiguous gene syndrome due to a deletion in chromosome 16p that involves the alpha-1 (HBA1; 141800) and alpha-2 (HBA2; 141850) genes, among others. X-linked alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X; 301040) is a similar phenotypic disorder caused by mutation in the ATRX gene (300032). ... Gallego et al. (2005) described a child with ATR-16 syndrome who had been referred for genetic evaluation because of minor anomalies and developmental delay. ... Molecular Genetics Pfeifer et al. (2000) stated that the SOX8 gene (605923) was found to be deleted in a patient with ATR-16 syndrome who carried a 2-Mb deletion on chromosome 16p13.3. ... Gibson et al. (2008) reported an 8-year-old Caucasian girl with ATR-16 syndrome associated with a do novo submicroscopic terminal deletion at chromosome 16p encompassing at least 1 Mb and including the SOX8 gene.
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject . Please help improve the article by providing more context for the reader . ( September 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Rectitis" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( September 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article is an orphan , as no other articles link to it . Please introduce links to this page from related articles ; try the Find link tool for suggestions. ( September 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Rectitis is an inflammation of the inner rectum .
Overview Proctitis is inflammation of the lining of the rectum. The rectum is a muscular tube that's connected to the end of your colon. Stool passes through the rectum on its way out of the body. Proctitis can cause rectal pain, diarrhea, bleeding and discharge, as well as the continuous feeling that you need to have a bowel movement. Proctitis symptoms can be short-lived, or they can become chronic. Proctitis is common in people who have inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis). Sexually transmitted infections are another frequent cause. Proctitis also can be a side effect of radiation therapy for certain cancers. Symptoms Proctitis signs and symptoms may include: A frequent or continuous feeling that you need to have a bowel movement Rectal bleeding Passing mucus through your rectum Rectal pain Pain on the left side of your abdomen A feeling of fullness in your rectum Diarrhea Pain with bowel movements When to see a doctor Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms of proctitis.
3-beta (β)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects hormone-producing glands including the gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males ) and the adrenal glands . The gonads direct sexual development before birth and during puberty. The adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys, regulate the production of certain hormones and control salt levels in the body. People with 3β-HSD deficiency lack many of the hormones that are made in these glands. 3β-HSD deficiency is one of a group of disorders known as congenital adrenal hyperplasias that impair hormone production and disrupt sexual development and maturation. There are three types of 3β-HSD deficiency: the salt-wasting, non-salt-wasting, and non-classic types.
A very rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) encompassing salt-wasting and non-salt wasting forms with a wide variety of symptoms, including glucocorticoid deficiency and male undervirilization manifesting as a micropenis to severe perineoscrotal hypospadias. Epidemiology The prevalence is unknown as it is extremely rare. Clinical description Boys present at birth with variable levels of undervirilization. In both sexes, salt wasting forms of CAH lead to symptoms of dehydration and hypotension in the first few weeks of life and can be life threatening. Etiology The disease is caused by a mutation in the HSD3B2 gene located on chromosome 1p13.1. Genetic counseling The disease follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3BHSD) deficiency is a form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia , a group of conditions that interfere with the body's ability to make hormones. People with this condition lack many of the hormones made in the gonads (testes or ovaries) and the adrenal glands . There are three types of 3BHSD deficiency - the salt-wasting form, non-salt-wasting form, and non-classic form. Signs and symptoms depend on the type of 3BHSD deficiency; the age at diagnosis; and the sex of the affected person. The salt-wasting form is the most severe type and can even be life-threatening.
Urinary Concentration of 3-MGA in MEGD(H)EL Syndrome View in own window Phenotype Urinary Concentration of 3-MGA (mmol/mol creatinine) MEGD(H)EL syndrome 16-196 Normal controls <10 1 Wortmann et al [2012b] 1. ... This "eye" was found in all individuals with MEGD(H)EL syndrome during a specific age range (>1-4 years), and has not been reported in other disorders, making it pathognomonic for MEGD(H)EL syndrome and allowing diagnosis based on MRI findings. ... Brain MRI showed bilateral shrunken striata, suggestive of Leigh syndrome. Electromyography showed severe axonal neuropathy. ... Prevalence The prevalence of MEGD(H)EL syndrome is estimated at 0.09:100,000 [Tan et al 2020]. ... SERAC1 deficiency can be distinguished from mitochondrial disorders by the distinctive combination of deafness, spasticity, dystonia, and Leigh syndrome associated with MEGD(H)EL syndrome.
Episodic ataxia refers to a group of conditions that affect the central nervous system. It affects specific nerve fibers that carry messages to and from the brain in order to control body movement. The condition causes episodes of poor coordination and balance ( ataxia ). Episodes may last from a few seconds to several hours. During an episode, affected people may experience dizziness; nausea; vomiting; migraine headaches; impaired vision; slurred speech; and/or ringing in the ears (tinnitus). An attack may also cause seizures, muscle weakness, and/or paralysis of one side of the body (hemiplegia).
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that blepharocheilodontic syndrome-2 (BCDS2) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the CTNND1 gene (601045) on chromosome 11q12. ... Clinical Features Ghoumid et al. (2017) studied 4 patients from 3 unrelated families with blepharocheilodontic syndrome and mutations in the CTNND1 gene.
A rare genetic hyperlipidemia characterized by excessive increase in plasma triglyceride levels due to the accumulation of chylomicrons. Clinical manifestations include recurrent episodes of severe acute pancreatitis, abdominal pain, nausea, fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, hepatosplenomegaly, eruptive xanthomas, and failure to thrive. Children may often be asymptomatic. The condition is not associated with severe atherosclerosis.
Brunzell et al. (1983) described a mother and her son with hyperlipoproteinemia type I (the chylomicronemia syndrome), very low levels of postheparin plasma lipolytic activity, and circulating inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase, who differed from subjects with lipoprotein lipase deficiency (238600) in that the enzyme was present in adipose tissue at much higher levels than those seen in normal subjects.
A rare hereditary ataxia characterized by unusual facies (i. e. gross, rough and abundant hair, mild palpebral ptosis, thick lips, and down-curved corners of the mouth), dysarthria, delayed psychomotor development, scoliosis, foot deformities, and ataxia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985.
In 2 brothers and a sister, aged 7 to 13 years, Sanchez-Corona et al. (1985) observed a seemingly 'new' autosomal recessive hereditary ataxia syndrome. Features included unusual facies (gross, rough and abundant hair, mild palpebral ptosis, thick lips, and down-curved corners of the mouth), dysarthria, delayed psychomotor development, scoliosis, foot deformities, and ataxia.
Three conditions are included in this group: alpha thalassemia - X-linked intellectual deficit (or ATR-X syndrome), alpha-thalassemia-intellectual deficit syndrome (or ATR-16 syndrome) and alpha-thalassemia-myelodysplastic disease (or ATMDS; see these terms)
A rare partial autosomal trisomy/tetrasomy characterized by obesity, global developmental delay and intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism (synophrys, high-arched eyebrows, large posteriorly rotated ears, upturned nose, long smooth philtrum, overbite and high palate), large hands and limb hypotonia. Additional features include seizures and behavioral abnormalities.
A rare, genetic, lens position anomaly disease characterized by bilateral congenital blepharoptosis, ectopia lentis and high grade myopia. Additional reported manifestations include abnormally long eye globes and signs of levator aponeurosis disinsertion. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1982.
Gillum and Anderson (1982) described a family in which a 72-year-old woman and 2 of her daughters showed blepharoptosis from birth, high grade myopia, and ectopia lentis, present in one of the daughters since at least age 4 years. The globes were abnormally long. The affected women showed abnormally high upper eyelid creases and good levator function--a combination indicative of levator aponeurosis disinsertion. The authors suggested that a connective tissue defect of sclera, zonules and levator aponeurosis was the common factor underlying the clinical features. The mother was 1 of 16 children of presumably unaffected parents and may have represented a new mutation. Eyes - Congenital blepharoptosis - Myopia - Ectopia lentis - Abnormally long globes - Abnormally high upper eyelid creases - Good levator function - Levator aponeurosis disinsertion Inheritance - Autosomal dominant ▲ Close
A rare, genetic, renal tubular disease characterised by nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, intracerebral calcifications, intellectual disability, short stature and facial dysmorphism. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1990.
Juvenile cataract - microcornea - renal glucosuria is an extremely rare autosomal dominant association reported in a single Swiss family and characterized clinically by juvenile cataract associated with bilateral microcornea, and renal glucosuria without other renal tubular defects.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that juvenile cataract with microcornea (CTRCT47) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the SLC16A12 gene (611910) on chromosome 10q23. One such family has been reported. Clinical Features Vandekerckhove et al. (2007) described a Swiss family in which 11 of 17 living family members in 3 generations underwent ophthalmic assessment and urine analysis. Eleven members had progressive juvenile cataract. Eight members available for clinical examination had bilateral microcornea not associated with microphthalmos. In 6 of these persons renal glucosuria was demonstrated. Kloeckener-Gruissem et al. (2008) restudied the family of Vandekerckhove et al. (2007), noting that 9 of 12 cataract patients also showed elevated glucose in urine in the absence of other renal or metabolic abnormalities. Molecular Genetics In a Swiss family with juvenile cataract with microcornea and renal glucosuria, originally reported by Vandekerckhove et al. (2007), Kloeckener-Gruissem et al. (2008) demonstrated heterozygosity for a nonsense mutation in the SLC16A12 gene (Q215X; 611910.0001).
A rare disorder characterized by Dandy-Walker malformation, severe intellectual deficit, macrocephaly, brachytelephalangy, facial dysmorphism and severe myopia. Three cases have been described. Transmission appears to be autosomal recessive.
The authors suggested that this is a distinct autosomal recessive syndrome. Eyes - Extreme myopia Radiology - Elevated imprint of the transverse sinuses - Thinning and bulging of posterior fossa bones - Partial or complete absence of cerebellar vermis - Posterior fossa cyst at the fourth ventricle Neuro - Severe mental retardation - Macrocephaly - Dilated fourth ventricle - Hydrocephalus - Bulging occiput - Cranial nerve palsies - Nystagmus - Truncal ataxia Inheritance - Autosomal recessive Nails - Short and broad fingernails Skel - Brachytelephalangy ▲ Close