Post-nasal drip Other names Upper airway cough syndrome , UACS , or Post nasal drip syndrome Post-nasal drip Specialty Otorhinolaryngology Post-nasal drip ( PND ), also known as upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), occurs when excessive mucus is produced by the nasal mucosa . ... However, some researchers argue that the flow of mucus down the back of the throat from the nasal cavity is a normal physiologic process that occurs in all healthy individuals. [1] Post-nasal drip has been challenged as a syndrome and instead is widely viewed as a symptom by various researchers as a result of the wide variation among differing societies. ... Chronic rhinitis, which includes allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, can affect 30-40% of the population. [12] Non-allergic rhinitis is more common in females than in males. [7] References [ edit ] ^ a b Morice AH (2004). "Post-nasal drip syndrome--a symptom to be sniffed at?". ... "Chronic cough, reflux, postnasal drip syndrome, and the otolaryngologist" . International Journal of Otolaryngology . 2012 : 564852. doi : 10.1155/2012/564852 . ... ISBN 978-3-13-203472-3 . ^ Pratter MR (January 2006). "Chronic upper airway cough syndrome secondary to rhinosinus diseases (previously referred to as postnasal drip syndrome): ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines".
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Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis has not been shown to be familial. That a generalized dysfunction of the macrophages system may be involved in some cases and that the defect may be genetically determined is suggested by the finding in some cases of deficiency of gamma-A globulin and of histologic alterations in the lymphoreticular organs compatible with an immune deficiency disorder. Pulmonary - Hemosiderosis Immunology - Macrophage dysfunction - Gamma-A globulin deficiency Inheritance - Autosomal recessive ▲ Close
This rare disorder is characterized by the triad of hemoptysis, iron-deficiency anemia, and transient pulmonary infiltrates by roentgenography. The underlying pathogenetic mechanism is a propensity to recurrent intrapulmonary hemorrhage. Even though large amounts of iron are laid down in the lung, with normal or increased total body iron, anemia occurs because of inability of the erythron to use iron sequestered in pulmonary macrophages. Pulmonary fibrosis leads to respiratory insufficiency in advanced cases. Thaell et al. (1978) described the disorder in mother and son and noted its occurrence in sisters.
Brown induration is fibrosis and hemosiderin pigmentation of the lungs due to long standing pulmonary congestion (chronic passive congestion). Occurs with mitral stenosis and left sided heart failure . Pathology: The lung vessels are congested with blood and this leads to pulmonary edema when plasma escapes in alveolar spaces . Rupture of congested capillaries leads to release of hemosiderin from damaged red blood cells . When alveolar macrophages engulf hemosiderin they are called heart failure cells . Death of heart failure cells in their journey back to lung tissue with subsequent hemosiderin release leads to lung fibrosis . [1] [2] [3] References [ edit ] ^ Stedman's Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing ^ Pathology 3rd edition, BRS series, Schneider et al ^ Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis (essential brown induration of the lung), Wyllie, W.G et al This article about a medical condition affecting the respiratory system is a stub .
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a rare disease characterized by repeated episodes of bleeding into the lungs, which can cause anemia and lung disease. The body is able to remove most of the blood from the lungs, but a large amount of iron is left behind. Over time, this iron can cause permanent damage to the lungs ( fibrosis ). Symptoms can resemble pneumonia and include coughing, coughing up blood ( hemoptysis ), difficulty breathing, and wheezing. The cause of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is unknown. Diagnosis is based on ruling out other kinds of pulmonary hemosiderosis, and tests may include imaging, laboratory tests, and a lung biopsy .
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a respiratory disease due to repeated episodes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage without any underlying apparent cause, most often in children. Anemia, cough, and pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiographs are found in majority of the patients.
Cholesterol embolism Other names Cholesterol crystal embolism, atheroembolism, blue toe, purple toe syndrome, trash foot, warfarin blue toe syndrome [1] : 338 Micrograph showing a cholesterol embolus in a medium sized artery of the kidney . ... Increased amounts of protein in the urine may cause edema (swelling) of the skin (a combination of symptoms known as nephrotic syndrome ). [3] If emboli have spread to the digestive tract , reduced appetite, nausea and vomiting may occur, as well as nonspecific abdominal pain , gastrointestinal hemorrhage (vomiting blood, or admixture of blood in the stool ), and occasionally acute pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas ). [3] Both the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord ) and the peripheral nervous system may be involved. Emboli to the brain may cause stroke -like episodes, headache and episodes of loss of vision in one eye (known as amaurosis fugax ). [3] Emboli to the eye can be seen by ophthalmoscopy and are known as plaques of Hollenhorst . [4] Emboli to the spinal cord may cause paraparesis (decreased power in the legs) or cauda equina syndrome , a group of symptoms due to loss of function of the distal part of the spinal cord - loss of control over the bladder , rectum and skin sensation around the anus. [3] If the blood supply to a single nerve is interrupted by an embolus, the result is loss of function in the muscles supplied by that nerve; this phenomenon is called a mononeuropathy . [3] Causes [ edit ] It is relatively unusual (25% of the total number of cases) for cholesterol emboli to occur spontaneously; this usually happens in people with severe atherosclerosis of the large arteries such as the aorta . ... "The incidence and risk factors of cholesterol embolization syndrome, a complication of cardiac catheterization: a prospective study". ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 9-CM : 445 MeSH : D017700 DiseasesDB : 2567 External resources eMedicine : med/651 Patient.info - Cholesterol Embolism Summary MedlinePlus - atheroembolic renal disease v t e Cardiovascular disease (vessels) Arteries , arterioles and capillaries Inflammation Arteritis Aortitis Buerger's disease Peripheral artery disease Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Foam cell Fatty streak Atheroma Intermittent claudication Critical limb ischemia Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis Arteriolosclerosis Hyaline Hyperplastic Cholesterol LDL Oxycholesterol Trans fat Stenosis Carotid artery stenosis Renal artery stenosis Other Aortoiliac occlusive disease Degos disease Erythromelalgia Fibromuscular dysplasia Raynaud's phenomenon Aneurysm / dissection / pseudoaneurysm torso : Aortic aneurysm Abdominal aortic aneurysm Thoracic aortic aneurysm Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva Aortic dissection Aortic rupture Coronary artery aneurysm head / neck Intracranial aneurysm Intracranial berry aneurysm Carotid artery dissection Vertebral artery dissection Familial aortic dissection Vascular malformation Arteriovenous fistula Arteriovenous malformation Telangiectasia Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Vascular nevus Cherry hemangioma Halo nevus Spider angioma Veins Inflammation Phlebitis Venous thrombosis / Thrombophlebitis primarily lower limb Deep vein thrombosis abdomen Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Budd–Chiari syndrome May–Thurner syndrome Portal vein thrombosis Renal vein thrombosis upper limb / torso Mondor's disease Paget–Schroetter disease head Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Post-thrombotic syndrome Varicose veins Gastric varices Portacaval anastomosis Caput medusae Esophageal varices Hemorrhoid Varicocele Other Chronic venous insufficiency Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency Superior vena cava syndrome Inferior vena cava syndrome Venous ulcer Arteries or veins Angiopathy Macroangiopathy Microangiopathy Embolism Pulmonary embolism Cholesterol embolism Paradoxical embolism Thrombosis Vasculitis Blood pressure Hypertension Hypertensive heart disease Hypertensive emergency Hypertensive nephropathy Essential hypertension Secondary hypertension Renovascular hypertension Benign hypertension Pulmonary hypertension Systolic hypertension White coat hypertension Hypotension Orthostatic hypotension
It usually occurs alone; however, rarely ILVEN can be associated with other symptoms as part of an epidermal nevus syndrome . Rarely, ILVEN can become cancerous (for example, basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma ).
Stellate pattern of the iris is characteristic of Williams syndrome (194050) and the Lester sign of nail-patella syndrome (161200). Neither of these is completely specific to the genetic syndrome, but both occur in low frequency in the general population.
PSP-Pure akinesia with gait freezing (PSP-PAGF) is an atypical variant of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; see this term), a rare late-onset neurodegenerative disease. Epidemiology Prevalence is unknown. Clinical description The disease manifests during the sixth decade of life with gait difficulties (either gait slowing or uncertainty) and progressive freezing of gait, speech and writing. In the early stages of the disease, eye movements are normal but patients present with facial immobility, rapid hypophonia with blocking and rapid micrographia. Additional clinical features which are not present in the first 5 years include tremor, axial and limb rigidity, moderate bradykinesia, cognitive disturbance, eye movement abnormalities and blepharospasm. The disease is characterized neuropathologically by gliosis with astrocytic plaques, accumulation of tau-immunoreactive neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss in specific brain areas, especially in the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra.
The condition may be confused with hyperthyroidism or thyroid hormone resistance syndromes, prompting repeated unnecessary laboratory testing and possibly even inappropriate treatment (summary by Heufelder et al., 1995).
. ^ Institute for Fetal Health - Fetal pelvic kidney - Children's Memorial Hospital at the Wayback Machine (archived December 1, 2007) v t e Congenital malformations and deformations of urinary system Abdominal Kidney Renal agenesis / Potter sequence , Papillorenal syndrome cystic Polycystic kidney disease Meckel syndrome Multicystic dysplastic kidney Medullary sponge kidney Horseshoe kidney Renal ectopia Nephronophthisis Supernumerary kidney Pelvic kidney Dent's disease Alport syndrome Ureter Ectopic ureter Megaureter Duplicated ureter Pelvic Bladder Bladder exstrophy Urethra Epispadias Hypospadias Posterior urethral valves Penoscrotal transposition Vestigial Urachus Urachal cyst Urachal fistula Urachal sinus This article related to the genitourinary system is a stub .
A rare benign follicular hamartoma that develops primarily on the face of adults, with a particular predilection for the back of the nose, but also on the neck or scalp. It presents as a solitary hemispheric flesh-colored nodule with a central pore or black dot that may contain a tuft of hair.
Differential diagnosis Differential diagnoses include conditions that have overlapping clinical or radiographic features with DD such as those leading to early tooth loss: Kostmann syndrome, cyclic neutropenia, Chediak-Hegashi syndrome, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, hypophosphatasia, and vitamin D-resistant rickets (see these terms).
A rare, genetic, dentin dysplasia disease characterized by extreme microdontia, oligodontia, and abnormal tooth shape (including globular teeth, incisal notches and double tooth formation). Short roots with a variable pulp phenotype (including taurodontia and flame-shaped pulp), enamel hypoplasia and anterior open bite may also be associated.
The CDG (Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation) syndromes are a group of autosomal recessive disorders affecting glycoprotein synthesis. CDG syndrome type IIh is characterised by severe psychomotor retardation, failure to thrive and intolerance to wheat and dairy products.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIh (CDG IIh, CDG2H) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the COG8 gene (606979) on chromosome 16q22. For a general discussion of CDGs, see CDG1A (212065). Clinical Features Foulquier et al. (2007) described an 8 year-old Spanish female with a congenital disorder of glycosylation who was the product of a consanguineous relationship. Although the neonatal period and early infancy were normal, at age 6 months she presented with an acute encephalopathy and loss of psychomotor abilities, hypotonia, alternating esotropia, pseudoptosis, and mental retardation. At 17 months during gastroenteritis she had a unilateral status epilepticus and lethargy lasting for 5 days. This was the only episode of seizure activity. At various times she developed spontaneous hematomas, coincident with alteration of the coagulation factors and a decrease in prothrombin time, together with increased levels of transaminases and creatine kinase.