In these cases, high-dose dobutamine may be used to chemically increase heart rate. [11] If dobutamine is insufficient for this purpose, atropine be added to reach goal heart rate. [11] Dipyridamole is an alternative to dobutamine but it is less effective in detecting abnormalities. [25] While exercise echocardiograms are more effective in detecting coronary artery disease, all forms of stress echocardiograms are more effective than exercise EKG in detecting coronary ischemia secondary to coronary artery disease. [11] If stress echocardiography is normal, risk of future adverse cardiac events is low enough that invasive coronary angiography is not needed. [25] Coronary angiography [ edit ] A coronary angiography is performed after a stress test or EKG shows abnormal results. [26] This test is very important in finding where the blockages are in the arteries. [20] This test helps determine if an angioplasty or bypass surgery is needed. [27] Coronary angiography should only be performed if a patient is a willing to undergo a coronary revascularization procedure. [28] During this test the doctor makes a small incision in the patient's groin or arm and inserts a catheter. [26] The catheter has a very small video camera on the end of it so that the doctor can find the arteries. [20] Once he/she has found the arteries, he/she injects a dye in them so that he/she can detect any blockages in the arteries. [26] The dye is able to be seen on a special x-ray machine. [20] The test takes one to two hours. ... Long and short acting nitrates are one option for reducing anginal pain. [6] Nitrates reduce the symptoms of angina by dilating blood vessels around the heart, which increases oxygen-rich blood supply to the muscle cells of the heart. [39] Veins are also dilated, which reduces return of blood to the heart, easing strain on the heart muscle. [39] Short-acting nitrates can be taken upon the onset of symptoms and should provide relief within minutes. [6] Nitroglycerin is the most common short-acting nitrate and it is applied under the tongue. [6] Long acting nitrates are taken 2-3 times per day and can be used to prevent angina. [6] Beta-blockers may also be used to reduce the incidence of chronic angina. [6] Beta-blockers prevent episodes of angina by reducing heart rate and reducing the strength of contraction of the heart, which lowers oxygen demand in the heart. [6] Coronary revascularization [ edit ] In individuals with symptoms that are not well controlled with medical and lifestyle therapy there are invasive options available including percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). [28] PCI involves placing a stent to relieve coronary artery blockages. [12] CABG involves grafting new blood vessels to provide a new route for blood flow around the blocked vessel. [12] Choice of treatment is based on the number of coronary vessels with blockages, which vessels are effected, and the medical history of the patient. [28] There is not sufficient evidence to suggest that PCI or CABG provides a mortality benefit in individuals with stable coronary ischemia. [14] The long term efficacy of these procedures in terms of reducing symptoms is still in question. [6] [14] References [ edit ] ^ "Myocardial ischemia" . ... Coronary Ischemia" . Shmc.org . Retrieved 2008-12-28 . ^ a b c d e Kloner, Robert A.; Chaitman, Bernard (May 2017). ... Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine . 28 (8): 524–531. doi : 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.05.002 .

They proposed that the rats who witnessed the electrical shocking of other rats were under emotional stress which may have caused the bruxism-like behavior. [23] Genetic factors [ edit ] Some research suggests that there may be a degree of inherited susceptibility to develop sleep bruxism. [1] 21–50% of people with sleep bruxism have a direct family member who had sleep bruxism during childhood, suggesting that there are genetic factors involved, [26] although no genetic markers have yet been identified. [1] Offspring of people who have sleep bruxism are more likely to also have sleep bruxism than children of people who do not have bruxism, or people with awake bruxism rather than sleep bruxism. [27] Medications [ edit ] Certain stimulant drugs, including both prescribed and recreational drugs are thought by some to cause the development of bruxism, [1] however others argue that there is insufficient evidence to draw such a conclusion. [28] Examples may include dopamine agonists , dopamine antagonists , tricyclic antidepressants , selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors , alcohol , cocaine , and amphetamines (including those taken for medical reasons). [7] In some reported cases where bruxism is thought to have been initiated by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, decreasing the dose resolved the side effect. [15] Other sources state that reports of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors causing bruxism are rare, or only occur with long-term use. [29] [23] Specific examples include levodopa (when used in the long term, as in Parkinson's disease ), fluoxetine , metoclopramide , lithium , cocaine , venlafaxine , citalopram , fluvoxamine , methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylphenidate (used in attention deficit hyperactive disorder ), [28] and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and similar gamma-aminobutyric acid -inducing analogues such as phenibut . [28] Bruxism can also be exacerbated by excessive consumption of caffeine , [28] as in coffee, tea or chocolate. Bruxism has also been reported to occur commonly comorbid with drug addiction . [23] Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) has been reported to be associated with bruxism, [28] which occurs immediately after taking the drug and for several days afterwards.

Invasiveness : Invasive infection has been reported in humans [17] [53] and animal studies. [28] Immune modulation : Blastocystis has been shown to provoke cells from the human colon to produce inflammatory cytokines interleukin-8 and GM-CSF . [54] Interleukin-8 plays a role in rheumatoid arthritis. ... "Association of Blastocystis hominis with human disease?" . J. Clin. Microbiol . 28 (5): 1085–6. doi : 10.1128/JCM.28.5.1085-1086.1990 . ... "Blastocystis hominis" . J. Clin. Microbiol . 28 (10): 2379–80. doi : 10.1128/JCM.28.10.2379-2380.1990 . ... "An inquiry into some problems affecting the spread and incidence of intestinal protozoal infections of British troops and natives in Egypt, with special reference to the carrier question, diagnosis and treatment of amoebic dysentery, and an account of three new human intestinal protozoa". J. R. Army Med. Corps . 28 : 346–67. ^ Wilson KW, Winget D, Wilks S (1990). " Blastocystis hominis infection: signs and symptoms in patients at Wilford Hall Medical Center". ... "Epidemiology and pathogenicity of Blastocystis hominis" . J. Clin. Microbiol . 28 (1): 116–21. doi : 10.1128/JCM.28.1.116-121.1990 .

Direct scaling tests show the ability to discriminate among different intensities of stimuli and whether a stimulus of one quality (sweet) is stronger or weaker than a stimulus of another quality (sour). [28] Direct scaling cannot be used to determine if a taste stimulus is being perceived at abnormal levels. In this case, magnitude matching is used, in which a patient is asked to rate the intensities of taste stimuli and stimuli of another sensory system , such as the loudness of a tone, on a similar scale. [28] For example, the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center asks patients to rate the intensities of NaCl, sucrose, citric acid and quinine-HCl stimuli, and the loudness of 1000 Hz tones. [28] Other tests include identification or discrimination of common taste substances. ... In addition, the analysis of saliva should be performed, as it constitutes the environment of taste receptors , including transport of tastes to the receptor and protection of the taste receptor. [34] Typical clinical investigations involve sialometry and sialochemistry. [34] Studies have shown that electron micrographs of taste receptors obtained from saliva samples indicate pathological changes in the taste buds of patients with dysgeusia and other gustatory disorders. [35] Treatments [ edit ] Artificial saliva and pilocarpine [ edit ] Because medications have been linked to approximately 22% to 28% of all cases of dysgeusia, researching a treatment for this particular cause has been important. [36] Xerostomia , or a decrease in saliva flow, can be a side effect of many drugs, which, in turn, can lead to the development of taste disturbances such as dysgeusia. [36] Patients can lessen the effects of xerostomia with breath mints, sugarless gum, or lozenges, or physicians can increase saliva flow with artificial saliva or oral pilocarpine . [36] Artificial saliva mimics the characteristics of natural saliva by lubricating and protecting the mouth but does not provide any digestive or enzymatic benefits. [37] Pilocarpine is a cholinergic drug meaning it has the same effects as the neurotransmitter acetylcholine . ... Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery . 117 (5): 519–28. doi : 10.1001/archotol.1991.01870170065015 .

Dentures provide a relative acidic, moist and anaerobic environment because the mucosa covered by the denture is sheltered from oxygen and saliva. [28] Loose, poorly fitting dentures may also cause minor trauma to the mucosa, [4] which is thought to increase the permeability of the mucosa and increase the ability of C. albicans to invade the tissues. [28] [29] These conditions all favor the growth of C. albicans . ... For example, iron deficiency anemia is thought to cause depressed cell-mediated immunity. [28] Some sources state that deficiencies of vitamin A or pyridoxine are also linked. [17] There is limited evidence that a diet high in carbohydrates predisposes to oral candidiasis. [9] In vitro and studies show that Candidal growth, adhesion and biofilm formation is enhanced by the presence of carbohydrates such as glucose , galactose and sucrose . [28] Smoking [ edit ] Smoking , especially heavy smoking, is an important predisposing factor but the reasons for this relationship are unknown. One hypothesis is that cigarette smoke contains nutritional factors for C. albicans , or that local epithelial alterations occur that facilitate colonization of candida species. [28] Antibiotics [ edit ] Broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g. tetracycline ) eliminate the competing bacteria and disrupt the normally balanced ecology of oral microorganisms, [5] [6] which can cause antibiotic-induced candidiasis. [3] Other factors [ edit ] Several other factors can contribute to infection, including endocrine disorders (e.g. diabetes when poorly controlled), [30] and/or the presence of certain other mucosal lesions, especially those that cause hyperkeratosis and/or dysplasia [4] (e.g. lichen planus ). ... ISBN 9788184484021 . ^ a b c d e f g Williams, D; Lewis, M (Jan 28, 2011). "Pathogenesis and treatment of oral candidosis" .

Next was Kevin Lance, who was shot in the upper arm [27] as he drove his Ford Transit along Tarrant's Hill. [26] Further up Priory Avenue, a 51-year-old handyman named Eric Vardy [28] and his passenger, Steven Ball, drove into Ryan's path while travelling to a job in Vardy's Leyland Sherpa . ... Michael Ryan – The Hungerford UK Mass Murderer Archived 4 January 2006 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved 28 October 2005. ^ Marshall, Brian Robert (2010). ... Retrieved 17 January 2011 . ^ a b Mass Murderers ISBN 0-7835-0004-1 p. 179 ^ Mass Murderers ISBN 0-7835-0004-1 p. 179–180 ^ Mass Murderers ISBN 0-7835-0004-1 p. 180 ^ "The Glasgow Herald – Google News Archive Search" . news.google.com . ^ Mass Murderers ISBN 0-7835-0004-1 p. 184 ^ Michael Ryan – The Hungerford UK Mass Murderer Archived 29 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved 28 October 2005. ^ The Hungerford Report – Shooting Incidents At Hungerford On 19 August 1987, Chief Constable of Thames Valley Police Colin Smith to Home Secretary Douglas Hurd Archived 12 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine . ... Google Print. ISBN 0-415-90345-9 (accessed 28 October 2005). Also available in print from Routledge (UK). ^ Charles Platt (2017). ... Google Print. ISBN 1-84449-183-8 (accessed 28 October 2005). Also available in print from Omnibus Press. ^ "If You'd Rather Be Playing Golf......or Rugby: December 2004" .

"Undesirable effects of citrus juice on the pharmacokinetics of drugs: focus on recent studies". Drug Safety . 28 (8): 677–694. doi : 10.2165/00002018-200528080-00003 . ... Futurity.org. 25 October 2011 . Retrieved 28 January 2013 . ^ a b c Bakalar, Nicholas (21 March 2006). ... PMID 18400708 . ^ "HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION" (PDF) . Gene . Retrieved 28 January 2013 . ^ Burnett, Bruce (1 September 2014). ... Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2012 . Retrieved 28 January 2013 . ^ Beverage JN, Sissung TM, Sion AM, Danesi R, Figg WD (September 2007). ... Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide . February 2006 . Retrieved 28 January 2013 . ^ Jellin J.M., et al.

A second symptom could be negative symptoms, or severely disorganized or catatonic behavior. [28] Only two symptoms are required for a diagnosis of schizophrenia, resulting in different presentations for the same disorder. [28] In practice, agreement between the two systems is high. [29] The DSM-5 criteria puts more emphasis on social or occupational dysfunction than the ICD-10. [30] The ICD-10, on the other hand, puts more emphasis on first-rank symptoms. [31] [32] The current proposal for the ICD-11 criteria for schizophrenia recommends adding self-disorder as a symptom. [33] First rank symptoms [ edit ] First-rank symptoms are psychotic symptoms that are particularly characteristic of schizophrenia, which were put forward by Kurt Schneider in 1959. [34] Their reliability for the diagnosis of schizophrenia has been questioned since then. [35] A 2015 systematic review investigated the diagnostic accuracy of first rank symptoms: First rank symptoms for schizophrenia [36] Summary These studies were of limited quality. ... DSM-5 [ edit ] The definition of schizophrenia remained essentially the same as that specified by the 2000 version of DSM (DSM-IV-TR), but DSM-5 makes a number of changes: [28] Subtype classifications were removed. [30] Catatonia is no longer so strongly associated with schizophrenia. [37] In describing a person's schizophrenia, it is recommended that a better distinction be made between the current state of the condition and its historical progress, to achieve a clearer overall characterization. [30] Special treatment of Schneider's first-rank symptoms is no longer recommended. [30] Schizoaffective disorder is better defined to demarcate it more cleanly from schizophrenia. [30] An assessment covering eight domains of psychopathology – including reality distortion, negative symptoms, thought and action disorganization, cognition impairment, catatonia, and symptoms similar to those found in certain mood disorders, such as whether hallucination or mania is experienced – is recommended to help clinical decision-making. [38] The same criteria are used to diagnose children and adults. [9] [10] Diagnosis is based on reports by parents or caretakers, teachers, school officials, and others close to the child. ... Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines . Wiley-Blackwell. 28 (4): 555–68. doi : 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00223.x . ... Biological Psychiatry . Elsevier BV. 46 (10): 1418–28. doi : 10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00231-0 .

One hypothesis for vulnerability to pre-eclampsia is the maternal-fetal conflict between the maternal organism and fetus. [28] After the first trimester trophoblasts enter the spiral arteries of the mother to alter the spiral arteries and thereby gain more access to maternal nutrients. [28] Occasionally there is impaired trophoblast invasion that results in inadequate alterations to the uterine spiral arteries. [28] It is hypothesized that the developing embryo releases biochemical signals that result in the woman developing hypertension and pre-eclampsia so that the fetus can benefit from a greater amount of maternal circulation of nutrients due to increased blood flow to the impaired placenta. [28] This results in a conflict between maternal and fetal fitness and survival because the fetus is invested in only its survival and fitness while the mother is invested in this and subsequent pregnancies. [28] Another evolutionary hypothesis for vulnerability to pre-eclampsia is the idea of ensuring pair-bonding between the mother and father and paternal investment in the fetus. [29] Researchers posit that pre-eclampsia is an adaptation for the mother to terminate investment in a fetus that might have an unavailable father, as determined by repeated semen exposure of the father to the mother. [29] Various studies have shown that women who frequently had exposure to partners' semen before conception had a reduced risk of pre-eclampsia. [29] Also, subsequent pregnancies by the same father had a reduced risk of pre-eclampsia while subsequent pregnancies by a different father had a higher risk of developing pre-eclampsia. [29] In normal early embryonic development, the outer epithelial layer contains cytotrophoblast cells, a stem cell type found in the trophoblast that later differentiates into the fetal placenta.

The pathogenesis of leptospirosis remains poorly understood despite research efforts. [7] [28] The bacteria enter the human body through either breaches in the skin or the mucous membrane, then into the bloodstream. ... They also bind to several human proteins such as complement proteins, thrombin , fibrinogen , and plasminogen using surface leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins such as LigB and LipL32, whose genes are found in all pathogenic species. [12] [28] Through innate immune system , endothelial cells of the capillaries in the human body are activated by the presence of these bacteria. ... Such antibodies are mainly directed against the LPS . [28] Leptospira LPS only activates toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in monocytes in humans. ... Meanwhile, in the lungs, petechiae or frank bleeding can be found at the alveolar septum and spaces between alveoli. [18] Leptospira secretes toxins that cause mild to severe kidney failure or interstitial nephritis . [28] The kidney failure can recover completely or lead to atrophy and fibrosis . [18] Inflammation of the heart muscles, coronary arteries, and aorta is rare. [22] Diagnosis [ edit ] Kidney tissue, using a silver staining technique, revealing the presence of Leptospira bacteria Diffuse lungs bleeding due to leptospirosis infection. ... Archived from the original on 11 January 2019 . Retrieved 28 April 2019 . ^ Guerra MA (September 2013).

There is a mean-level change in the Big Five traits from age 10 to 65. [28] The trends seen in adulthood are different from trends seen in childhood and adolescence . Some research suggests that during adolescence rank-order change does occur and therefore personality is relatively unstable. [29] Gender differences are also shown before adulthood. [28] Conscientiousness drops from late childhood to adolescence, but then picks back up from adolescence into adulthood. ... These trends seen in adulthood are different from trends seen in childhood and adolescence. [28] Cross-cultural research shows that German, British, Czech, and Turkish people show similar trends of these personality traits. [30] Similar trends seem to exist in other countries. [31] The Big Five personality traits can also be broken down into facets . ... However, it is important to look at change in facets over a lifetime separate from just the change in traits because different facets of the same trait show different trends. [32] [28] For example, openness to values decreases substantially with age, while openness to aesthetics is more stable. [32] Neuroticism can be broken into the two facets of anxiety and depression. ... For males, depression tends to show an increase from childhood to early adulthood and then shows a slight decrease through middle age. [28] Late life changes [ edit ] Although there is debate surrounding whether or not personality can change in the late stages of life, more evidence is being discovered about how the environmental factors affect people of all ages.

The average age at death of affected persons in the second generation was 72, in the third generation 63, in the fourth 42, and in the fifth 28. Follow-up of this family (Gardner and Turner, 1940; Young et al., 1970) revealed no evidence of the systemic manifestations of neurofibromatosis I (NF1; 162200), also known as von Recklinghausen disease. ... Molecular genetic analysis of the NF2 gene was performed in all 45 patients and on 28 tumor samples. No pathogenic NF2 mutations were identified in any of the blood samples. NF2 point mutations were identified in 21 of 28 (75%) tumor samples and LOH in 21 of 28 (75%) tumor samples. Overlap, i.e., both mutational hits, were identified in 18 of 28 (65%) tumor samples. They observed 1 multilobular tumor in which 1 (presumably first hit) mutation was confirmed which was common to different foci of the tumor, while the second mutational event differed between foci. ... Ruttledge et al. (1996) reported that when individuals harboring protein-truncating mutations are compared with patients having single codon alterations, a significant correlation (p less than 0.001) with clinical outcome is observed. They noted that 24 of 28 patients with mutations that cause premature termination of the NF2 protein presented with severe phenotypes.

Other scientific findings [ edit ] A study conducted in 2016 used primary metabolite profiling through a combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify possible biomarkers for anxiety-related behavior. [27] Primary metabolites are directly involved in more "natural" processes, such as reproduction and development, [28] so abnormal differences could result in differences of mental development. ... Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association . 217 (3): 342–345. doi : 10.2460/javma.2000.217.342 . ^ Kilcommons, Brian (2007-04-28). "How to Cure Your Dog's Separation Anxiety" . ... PMID 28610629 . ^ Chung, Hwan-Suck; Lee, Hye Jeong; Shim, Insop; Bae, Hyunsu (2012-05-28). "Assessment of anti-depressant effect of nelumbinis semen on rats under chronic mild stress and its subchronic oral toxicity in rats and beagle dogs" .

"The Effect of Breastfeeding on Breast Aesthetics" . Aesthetic Surgery Journal . 28 (5): 534–537. doi : 10.1016/j.asj.2008.07.004 . ... "Breast Sagging - Ptosis" . Archived from the original on 28 December 2011 . Retrieved 4 February 2012 . ^ a b "Anatomy of Breast Ptosis – How Breasts Sag" . ... "The effect of breast support on the kinematics of the breast during the running gait cycle". Journal of Sports Sciences . 28 (10): 1103–1109. doi : 10.1080/02640414.2010.497542 .

Research on Social Work Practice . 28 (1): 56–67. doi : 10.1177/1049731515598619 . ... "The Functional Profiles of School Refusal Behavior". Behavior Modification . 28 (1): 147–161. doi : 10.1177/0145445503259263 . ... "School absenteeism and school refusal behavior in youth: A contemporary review". Clinical Psychology Review . 28 (3): 451–471. doi : 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.07.012 .

In others, such as Monotonic Dystrophy Type 1, the pathology is caused by a change in protein expression or function mediated through changes in the messenger RNA produced by the expression of the affected gene. [1] In yet others, the pathology is caused by toxic assemblies of RNA in the nuclei of cells. [9] Genetics [ edit ] Classification of the trinucleotide repeat, and resulting disease status, depends on the number of CAG repeats in Huntington's disease [10] Repeat count Classification Disease status <28 Normal Unaffected 28–35 Intermediate Unaffected 36–40 Reduced-penetrance May be affected >40 Full-penetrance Affected Trinucleotide repeat disorders generally show genetic anticipation : their severity increases with each successive generation that inherits them. ... "Huntington's disease". Lancet . 369 (9557): 218–28. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60111-1 .

There is a close association between the cat liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus and bile duct cancer among people in Russia. [24] [25] Toxoplasma gondii and eye cancer (intraocular lymphoma) was detected by PCR from two human cases. [26] Strongyloides stercoralis eggs and adult worms may be linked with gastric adenocarcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma in Korea. [27] [2] Cryptosporidium parvum infection is associated with colorectal carcinoma. [28] [29] Carcinogens in animals [ edit ] The roundworm Trichuris muris infection can increase the number of tumours in mice. [30] Heavy infection with the trematode Platynosomum fastosum is associated with cholangiocarcinoma in cats. [31] Cryptosporidium parvum infection can be the cause of carcinoma in the gut of mice. [29] [32] References [ edit ] ^ a b Bouvard, V; Baan, R; Straif, K; Grosse, Y; Secretan, B; El Ghissassi, F; Benbrahim-Tallaa, L; Guha, N; et al. (2009). ... "The tumorigenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini --multiple pathways to cancer" . Trends in Parasitology . 28 (10): 395–407. doi : 10.1016/j.pt.2012.07.006 . ... Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene . 110 (1): 28–36. doi : 10.1093/trstmh/trv085 .

. ^ Solomon, APLEY'S TRAUMA AND ORTHOPAEDICS, EIGHTH EDITION ^ OrthoConsult (2017-05-28). "How to Classify Acetabular Fractures" . ^ "How to Classify Acetabular Fractures | OrthoConsult" . OrthoConsult . 2017-05-28 . Retrieved 2017-05-28 . External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : S32.4 ICD - 9-CM : xxx

Contents 1 Presentation 1.1 Associated conditions 2 Diagnosis 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 5.1 Books 5.2 By Authors with NLD Presentation [ edit ] Considered to be neurologically based, [2] [3] nonverbal learning disorder is characterized by verbal strengths as well as visual-spatial, motor, and social skills difficulties. [4] [5] People with this disorder may not at times comprehend nonverbal cues such as facial expression or tone of voice. [6] Challenges with mathematics and handwriting are common. [7] Associated conditions [ edit ] Labels for specific associated issues include visual-spatial deficit, [8] [9] [10] dyscalculia , [11] [12] dysgraphia , [13] [14] [15] as well as dyspraxia . [16] [17] Diagnosis [ edit ] The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) and ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) do not include NLD as a diagnosis. [18] [19] [20] Assorted diagnoses have been discussed as sharing symptoms with NLD—these conditions include Right hemisphere brain damage and Developmental Right Hemisphere Syndrome, [13] [21] [22] [23] Developmental Coordination Disorder , [24] [25] Social-Emotional Processing Disorder, [26] [27] autism spectrum disorders , Gerstmann syndrome [23] [28] and others. In their 1967 book Learning Disabilities; Educational Principles and Practices , Doris J. ... Learning Disabilities Association of Ontario. Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. ^ "Nonverbal Learning Disorders" . ... Journal of Learning Disabilities . 28 (2): 80–6. doi : 10.1177/002221949502800202 .

Patient 1 described by Hopkin et al. (1998) was a 28-year-old Caucasian man who first developed wheezing at the age of 21 years. ... Surgery for bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome was done at age 28 years. The third patient was a 28-year-old white woman with a height of 140 cm.