These vitamins build up and remain for a longer time in the body than water-soluble vitamins. [2] Conditions include: Hypervitaminosis A Hypervitaminosis D Vitamin B 3 § Toxicity Megavitamin-B 6 syndrome Prevention [ edit ] Do not take more than the normal or recommended amount of multivitamin supplements. [3] Epidemiology [ edit ] In the United States , overdose exposure to all formulations of "vitamins" (which includes multi-vitamin/mineral products) was reported by 62,562 individuals in 2004 with nearly 80% of these exposures in children under the age of 6, leading to 53 "major" life-threatening outcomes and 3 deaths (2 from vitamins D and E; 1 from polyvitaminic type formula, with iron and no fluoride). [4] This may be compared to the 19,250 people who died of unintentional poisoning of all kinds in the U.S. in the same year (2004). [5] In 2016, overdose exposure to all formulations of vitamins and multi-vitamin/mineral formulations was reported by 63,931 individuals to the American Association of Poison Control Centers with 72% of these exposures in children under the age of five. ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : E67.0 - E67.3 ICD - 9-CM : 278.2 , 278.4 External resources Patient UK : Hypervitaminosis Dietary reference intakes , official website. v t e Malnutrition Protein-energy malnutrition Kwashiorkor Marasmus Catabolysis Vitamin deficiency B vitamins B 1 Beriberi Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome Wernicke's encephalopathy Korsakoff's syndrome B 2 Riboflavin deficiency B 3 Pellagra B 6 Pyridoxine deficiency B 7 Biotin deficiency B 9 Folate deficiency B 12 Vitamin B 12 deficiency Other A: Vitamin A deficiency Bitot's spots C: Scurvy D: Vitamin D deficiency Rickets Osteomalacia Harrison's groove E: Vitamin E deficiency K: Vitamin K deficiency Mineral deficiency Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium Iron Zinc Manganese Copper Iodine Chromium Molybdenum Selenium Keshan disease Growth Delayed milestone Failure to thrive Short stature Idiopathic General Anorexia Weight loss Cachexia Underweight v t e Poisoning Toxicity Overdose History of poison Inorganic Metals Toxic metals Beryllium Cadmium Lead Mercury Nickel Silver Thallium Tin Dietary minerals Chromium Cobalt Copper Iron Manganese Zinc Metalloids Arsenic Nonmetals Sulfuric acid Selenium Chlorine Fluoride Organic Phosphorus Pesticides Aluminium phosphide Organophosphates Nitrogen Cyanide Nicotine Nitrogen dioxide poisoning CHO alcohol Ethanol Ethylene glycol Methanol Carbon monoxide Oxygen Toluene Pharmaceutical Drug overdoses Nervous Anticholinesterase Aspirin Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Cocaine Lithium Opioids Paracetamol Tricyclic antidepressants Cardiovascular Digoxin Dipyridamole Vitamin poisoning Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Megavitamin-B 6 syndrome Biological 1 Fish / seafood Ciguatera Haff disease Ichthyoallyeinotoxism Scombroid Shellfish poisoning Amnesic Diarrhetic Neurotoxic Paralytic Other vertebrates amphibian venom Batrachotoxin Bombesin Bufotenin Physalaemin birds / quail Coturnism snake venom Alpha-Bungarotoxin Ancrod Batroxobin Arthropods Arthropod bites and stings bee sting / bee venom Apamin Melittin scorpion venom Charybdotoxin spider venom Latrotoxin / Latrodectism Loxoscelism tick paralysis Plants / fungi Cinchonism Ergotism Lathyrism Locoism Mushrooms Strychnine 1 including venoms , toxins , foodborne illnesses .
Host risk factors include age, sex, atopy, specific genetic polymorphisms, and inherent predisposition to react to multiple unrelated drugs (multiple drug allergy syndrome). [3] A drug allergy is more likely to develop with large doses and extended exposure. [ citation needed ] People with immunological diseases, such as HIV and cystic fibrosis , [2] or infection with EBV , CMV , or HHV6 , [4] are more susceptible to drug hypersensitivity reactions. [2] These conditions lower the threshold for T-cell stimulation. [4] Mechanisms [ edit ] There are two broad mechanisms for a drug allergy to occur: IgE or non-IgE mediated. ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : T88.7 ICD - 9-CM : 995.27 MeSH : D004342 External resources MedlinePlus : 000819 v t e Allergic conditions Respiratory system Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) Asthma Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Eosinophilic pneumonia Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Farmer's lung Laboratory animal allergy Skin Angioedema Urticaria Atopic dermatitis Allergic contact dermatitis Hypersensitivity vasculitis Blood and immune system Serum sickness Circulatory system Anaphylaxis Digestive system Coeliac disease Eosinophilic gastroenteritis Eosinophilic esophagitis Food allergy Egg allergy Milk intolerance Nervous system Eosinophilic meningitis Genitourinary system Acute interstitial nephritis Other conditions Drug allergy Allergic conjunctivitis Latex allergy v t e Consequences of external causes Temperature Elevated Hyperthermia Heat syncope Reduced Hypothermia Immersion foot syndromes Trench foot Tropical immersion foot Warm water immersion foot Chilblains Frostbite Aerosol burn Cold intolerance Acrocyanosis Erythrocyanosis crurum Radiation Radiation poisoning Radiation burn Chronic radiation keratosis Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy Radiation acne Radiation-induced cancer Radiation recall reaction Radiation-induced erythema multiforme Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar Radiation-induced keloid Radiation-induced morphea Air Hypoxia / Asphyxia Barotrauma Aerosinusitis Decompression sickness High altitude Altitude sickness Chronic mountain sickness Death zone HAPE HACE Food Starvation Maltreatment Physical abuse Sexual abuse Psychological abuse Travel Motion sickness Seasickness Airsickness Space adaptation syndrome Adverse effect Hypersensitivity Anaphylaxis Angioedema Allergy Arthus reaction Adverse drug reaction Other Electrical injury Drowning Lightning injuries Ungrouped skin conditions resulting from physical factors Dermatosis neglecta Pinch mark Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules Sclerosing lymphangitis Tropical anhidrotic asthenia UV-sensitive syndrome environmental skin conditions Electrical burn frictional/traumatic/sports Black heel and palm Equestrian perniosis Jogger's nipple Pulling boat hands Runner's rump Surfer's knots Tennis toe Vibration white finger Weathering nodule of ear Wrestler's ear Coral cut Painful fat herniation Uranium dermatosis iv use Skin pop scar Skin track Slap mark Pseudoacanthosis nigricans Narcotic dermopathy
Overview A drug allergy is the reaction of the immune system to a medicine. Any medicine — nonprescription, prescription or herbal — can provoke a drug allergy. However, a drug allergy is more likely with certain medicines. The most common symptoms of drug allergy are hives, rash or fever. But a drug allergy also may cause serious reactions. This includes a severe, life-threatening condition known as anaphylaxis. A drug allergy is not the same as a drug side effect. A side effect is a known possible reaction to a medicine.
It accounts for 30% of cases of impetigo , the other 70% being non-bullous impetigo. [1] The bullae are caused by exfoliative toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus that cause the connections between cells in the uppermost layer of the skin to fall apart. [1] Bullous impetigo in newborns, children, or adults who are immunocompromised and/or are experiencing kidney failure , can develop into a more severe and generalized form called Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). The mortality rate is less than 3% for infected children, but up to 60% in adults. [2] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Cause 2.1 Infectious period 3 Pathogenesis 3.1 S. aureus 4 Diagnosis 4.1 Histology 4.2 Uncommon variants 4.3 Differential 5 Prevention 6 Management 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Bullous impetigo on the arm Bullous impetigo Bullous impetigo can appear around the diaper region, axilla , or neck. ... Bullae is also known as Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome . Other associated symptoms are itching, swelling of nearby glands, fever and diarrhea. ... This correlates with the subcorneal localization of the bullae. [6] Uncommon variants [ edit ] Erythema multiform Systemic lupus erythematosus Stevens–Johnson syndrome Pemphigus vulgaris Differential [ edit ] HPV insect bites burns Herpes simplex 1/2 Prevention [ edit ] Since the common pathogens involved with impetigo are bacteria naturally found on the skin, most prevention (especially in children), is targeted towards appropriate hygiene, wound cleaning, and minimizing scratching (i.e. by keeping nails trimmed and short). ... "Molecular mechanisms of blister formation in bullous impetigo and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome." Journal of Clinical Investigation . 110.1 (2002): 53-60. ^ Lucky, A. (2009, November 9).
A rare, acquired, typically benign, bacterial infectious disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus characterized by large, fragile vesicles and flaccid bullae on an erythematous base, which evolve into moistened erosions with a thin, varnish-like crust, usually localized in intertriginous areas of the trunk and extremities (armpits, groins, between the fingers or toes, beneath the breasts). Although uncommon, systemic symptoms, such as fever, diarrhea, and weakness, may be associated.
Hyperphosphatemia Phosphate group chemical structure Specialty Endocrinology , nephrology Symptoms None, calcium deposits, muscle spasms [1] Complications Low blood calcium [1] Causes Kidney failure , pseudohypoparathyroidism , hypoparathyroidism , diabetic ketoacidosis , tumor lysis syndrome , rhabdomyolysis [1] Diagnostic method Blood phosphate > 1.46 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL) [1] Differential diagnosis High blood lipids , high blood protein , high blood bilirubin [1] Treatment Decreasing intake, calcium carbonate [1] Frequency Unclear [2] Hyperphosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is an elevated level of phosphate in the blood . [1] Most people have no symptoms while others develop calcium deposits in the soft tissue. [1] Often there is also low calcium levels which can result in muscle spasms. [1] Causes include kidney failure , pseudohypoparathyroidism , hypoparathyroidism , diabetic ketoacidosis , tumor lysis syndrome , and rhabdomyolysis . [1] Diagnosis is generally based on a blood phosphate levels of greater than 1.46 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL). [1] When levels are greater than 4.54 mmol/L (14 mg/dL) it is deemed severe. [3] Levels may appear falsely elevated with high blood lipid levels , high blood protein levels , or high blood bilirubin levels . [1] Treatment may include eating a phosphate low diet and antacids , like calcium carbonate , that bind phosphate. [1] Occasionally intravenous normal saline or dialysis may be used. [1] How commonly it occurs is unclear. [2] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Causes 3 Diagnosis 3.1 Units 4 Treatment 5 References 6 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Signs and symptoms include ectopic calcification , secondary hyperparathyroidism , and renal osteodystrophy . Abnormalities in phosphate metabolism such as hyperphosphatemia are included in the definition of the new chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). [4] Causes [ edit ] Impaired renal phosphate excretion [5] Decreased kidney function Low parathyroid hormone Developmental Autoimmune After neck surgery or radiation Activating mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor Parathyroid suppression Parathyroid-independent hypercalcemia Vitamin D or vitamin A intoxication Sarcoidosis , other granulomatous diseases Immobilization, osteolytic metastases Milk-alkali syndrome Severe hypermagnesemia or hypomagnesemia Pseudohypoparathyroidism Acromegaly Tumoral calcinosis Heparin therapy Massive extracellular fluid phosphate loads [5] Rapid administration of exogenous phosphate (intravenous, oral, rectal) Extensive cellular injury or necrosis Crush injuries Rhabdomyolysis Hyperthermia Fulminant hepatitis Cytotoxic therapy Severe hemolytic anemia Transcellular phosphate shifts Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis Hypoparathyroidism : In this situation, there are low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 9-CM : 275.3 MeSH : D054559 DiseasesDB : 20722 External resources eMedicine : med/1097 v t e Metal deficiency and toxicity disorders Iron excess: Iron overload Hemochromatosis Hemochromatosis/HFE1 Juvenile/HFE2 HFE3 African iron overload/HFE4 Aceruloplasminemia Atransferrinemia Hemosiderosis deficiency: Iron deficiency Copper excess: Copper toxicity Wilson's disease deficiency: Copper deficiency Menkes disease / Occipital horn syndrome Zinc excess: Zinc toxicity deficiency: Acrodermatitis enteropathica Other Inborn errors of metabolism
With financial therapy, financial planners and relationship therapists work together to provide comprehensive treatment to clients experiencing financial distress. [4] Contents 1 Symptoms 2 Treatment 3 Cause 4 Further Research 5 References Symptoms [ edit ] Signs and symptoms that can show and lead to money disorders are engaging in addictive gambling , Financial infidelity , compulsive expenditure and prince charming syndrome. People suffering from money disorders often don't realize that they are in that state or that they need help. ... The end result is that most of these people feel ashamed of their behaviors and hide them from others, hence making it difficult for them to get help as needed. [ citation needed ] Prince Charming Syndrome People who suffer prince charming syndrome have the need to wait on an outside source of financial income to come to save your financial debt such as the lottery, government assistance, or family inheritance. People who depend on others or seek for others to depend on their income to survive, more than likely suffering from prince charming syndrome. [ citation needed ] Addictive gambling Is an urge to gamble continuously despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop.
PMID 1414516 . v t e Intensive care medicine Health science Medicine Medical specialities Respiratory therapy General terms Intensive care unit (ICU) Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) Coronary care unit (CCU) Critical illness insurance Conditions Organ system failure Shock sequence SIRS Sepsis Severe sepsis Septic shock Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Other shock Cardiogenic shock Distributive shock Anaphylaxis Obstructive shock Neurogenic shock Spinal shock Vasodilatory shock Organ failure Acute renal failure Acute respiratory distress syndrome Acute liver failure Respiratory failure Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Neonatal infection Polytrauma Coma Complications Critical illness polyneuropathy / myopathy Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency Decubitus ulcers Fungemia Stress hyperglycemia Stress ulcer Iatrogenesis Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Oxygen toxicity Refeeding syndrome Ventilator-associated lung injury Ventilator-associated pneumonia Dialytrauma Diagnosis Arterial blood gas Catheter Arterial line Central venous catheter Pulmonary artery catheter Blood cultures Screening cultures Life-supporting treatments Airway management Chest tube Dialysis Enteral feeding Goal-directed therapy Induced coma Mechanical ventilation Therapeutic hypothermia Total parenteral nutrition Tracheal intubation Drugs Analgesics Antibiotics Antithrombotics Inotropes Intravenous fluids Neuromuscular-blocking drugs Recombinant activated protein C Sedatives Stress ulcer prevention drugs Vasopressors ICU scoring systems APACHE II Glasgow Coma Scale PIM2 SAPS II SAPS III SOFA Physiology Hemodynamics Hypotension Level of consciousness Acid–base imbalance Water-electrolyte imbalance Organisations Society of Critical Care Medicine Surviving Sepsis Campaign European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Related specialties Anesthesiology Cardiology Internal medicine Neurology Pediatrics Pulmonology Surgery Traumatology
It is one of the delusional misidentification syndromes ; although rare, it is most commonly associated with acquired brain injury , particularly simultaneous damage to the right cerebral hemisphere and to both frontal lobes . ... It wasn't until 1976 that serious consideration was given to the disorder, when three cases were reported by Benson and colleagues. [6] Benson not only described striking reduplication syndromes in his patients, but also attempted to explain the phenomena in terms of the neurocognitive deficits also present in the patients. ... See also [ edit ] Delusional misidentification syndrome Paramnesia (Commonly called Déjà vu) Capgras delusion References [ edit ] ^ Forstl H.; Almeida O.P.; Owen A.M.; Burns A.; Howard R. (1991). "Psychiatric, neurological and medical aspects of misidentification syndromes: a review of 260 cases". Psychological Medicine . 21 (4): 905–10. doi : 10.1017/S0033291700029895 .
They are also at higher than average risk for myelodysplastic syndrome, a condition in which immature blood cells fail to develop normally; this condition may progress to a form of blood cancer called leukemia . People with dyskeratosis congenita are also at increased risk of developing leukemia even if they never develop myelodysplastic syndrome. In addition, they have a higher than average risk of developing other cancers, especially cancers of the head, neck, anus, or genitals. ... In one severe form of the disorder called Hoyeraal Hreidaarsson syndrome, affected individuals have an unusually small and underdeveloped cerebellum , which is the part of the brain that coordinates movement. Another severe variant called Revesz syndrome involves abnormalities in the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina ) in addition to the other symptoms of dyskeratosis congenita.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because glucose/galactose malabsorption (GGM) is caused by homozygous mutation in the gene encoding the intestinal sodium/glucose transporter (SLC5A1; 182380) on chromosome 22q12. Description Glucose/galactose malabsorption (GGM) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect in glucose and galactose transport across the intestinal brush border. Patients with GGM present with neonatal onset of severe life-threatening watery diarrhea and dehydration. If diagnosed and treated properly, patients can fully recover and show normal growth and development (summary by Xin and Wang, 2011). Clinical Features The intestinal monosaccharide transporter deficiency known as glucose/galactose malabsorption (GGM) produces a clinical picture indistinguishable from that of intestinal disaccharidase deficiency (222900).
Glucose-galactose malabsorption (GGM) is a very rare, potentially lethal, genetic metabolic disease characterized by impaired glucose-galactose absorption resulting in severe watery diarrhea and dehydration with onset inthe neonatal period.
Glucose-galactose malabsorption is a condition in which the body cannot take in (absorb) the sugars glucose and galactose, which primarily results in severe diarrhea. Beginning in infancy, severe diarrhea results in weight loss and dehydration that can be life-threatening. Small amounts of the simple sugar glucose in the urine (mild glucosuria) may occur in this disorder. Rarely, affected infants develop kidney stones due to deposits of calcium in the kidneys (nephrocalcinosis). The signs and symptoms of glucose-galactose malabsorption appear early in life when affected infants are fed breast milk or regular infant formulas.
Glucose-galactose malabsorption (GGM) is a genetic condition in which the sugars glucose and galactose cannot be properly absorbed by the body. Infants with GGM develop severe diarrhea resulting in life-threatening dehydration , acidosis , and weight loss in the first few weeks of life. GGM is caused by mutations in the SLC5A1 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This gene normally makes a special protein which helps the two sugars cross through the cell membranes of the epithelial cells lining the small intestine and special tubes in the kidneys. When the protein is missing, the cells cannot take in the glucose and galactose needed by the body.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that retinal dystrophy, iris coloboma, and comedogenic acne syndrome (RDCCAS) can be caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the RBP4 gene (180250) on chromosome 10q23.
Progressive retinal dystrophy due to retinol transport defect is a rare, genetic, metabolite absorption and transport disorder characterized by progressive rod-cone dystrophy, usually presenting with impaired night vision in childhood, progressive loss of visual acuity and severe retinol deficiency without keratomalacia. Association with ocular colobomas, severe acne and hypercholesterolemia has been reported.