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Traumatic Spondylopathy
Wikipedia
References [ edit ] External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : M48.3 ICD - 9-CM : 721.7 v t e Spinal disease Deforming Spinal curvature Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis Other Scheuermann's disease Torticollis Spondylopathy inflammatory Spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis Sacroiliitis Discitis Spondylodiscitis Pott disease non inflammatory Spondylosis Spondylolysis Spondylolisthesis Retrolisthesis Spinal stenosis Facet syndrome Back pain Neck pain Upper back pain Low back pain Coccydynia Sciatica Radiculopathy Intervertebral disc disorder Schmorl's nodes Degenerative disc disease Spinal disc herniation Facet joint arthrosis This article about a disease of musculoskeletal and connective tissue is a stub .
- Reactive Arthritis Gard
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Gonococcemia
Wikipedia
Gonococcemia Other names Arthritis–dermatosis syndrome [1] Specialty Infectious disease Gonococcemia (also known as "Disseminated gonococcal infection" [1] ) is a condition characterized by a hemorrhagic vesiculopustular eruption, bouts of fever , and arthralgia or actual arthritis of one or several joints. [2] It's characterized by a triad of symptoms: migratory polyarthritis, tenosynovitis , and dermatitis ( pustular skin lesions). [3] See also [ edit ] Primary gonococcal dermatitis List of cutaneous conditions References [ edit ] ^ a b Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007).
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Hypertrophic Decidual Vasculopathy
Wikipedia
In pathology , hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy , abbreviated HDV , is the histomorphologic correlate of gestational hypertension , as may be seen in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) [1] and HELLP syndrome . The name of the condition describes its appearance under the microscope ; the smooth muscle of the decidual (or maternal ) blood vessels is hypertrophic , i.e. the muscle part of the blood vessels feeding the placenta is larger due to cellular enlargement.
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Microcephaly, Severe, With Skeletal Anomalies Including Posterior Rib-Gap Defects
Omim
Duval et al. (1998) described a possibly 'new' autosomal recessive syndrome in 2 female fetuses conceived by a nonconsanguineous couple.
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Reese Retinal Dysplasia
Omim
It is the characteristic eye change in trisomy 13 (the Bartholin-Patau syndrome), which is characterized by delay in the development of several proteins, such as adult hemoglobin and red cell catalase (Lee et al., 1966).
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Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 17
Orphanet
Clinical description Clinical features overlap with many neurodegenerative syndromes and specifically, Huntington disease (see this term).
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Polycoria
Wikipedia
The extra pupil in pseudopolycoria is different than the extra pupil in true polycoria because it shows defects that are independent of the sphincter muscles. [ citation needed ] Pseudopolycoria is often associated with Seckel syndrome , posterior polymorphous dystrophy , and juvenile glaucoma . [5] Pseudopolycoria consists of splitting of the iris that are not contingent with the sphincter muscles at the root of the iris. [6] Symptoms and diagnosis [ edit ] When a patient is diagnosed with polycoria, the signs and symptoms shown are associated with ocular and adnexal growth abnormalities. [8] The iris and the pupil become less effective. ... There are some proposed ideas, one being that after the sphincter muscle is fully formed and developed in the eye there is a severing of the pupillary margins leading to the distinction of the extra pupil and the principal pupil. [6] Polycoria can also be caused any hole in one's iris to develop a sphincter muscle development. [6] Another proposed theory about the cause of polycoria is intra-uterine trauma, or postpartum iris trauma. [6] If the development of the iris is hindered, the ectoderm of the eye (which forms the lens and corneal epithelium) may split, which could lead to pseudopolycoria. [6] Genetics [ edit ] The gene that is the cause of this disorder is the PRDM5 gene. [11] The PRDM5 gene has also been linked to Brittle Cornea syndrome, which is a tissue disorder of the eye, as well as Axenfeld syndome . [11] PRDM5 plays crucial roles in the molecular composition of the eye, as well as the tissue thickness. [11] Axenfeld syndrome occurs in the patient in a case of the mutation of the FOXC1 gene, which is a heterozygous mutation. [11] History [ edit ] Since true polycoria and pseudopolycoria are so rare, there is not much history on the disorders. ... "Diagnosis and Management of Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome" . BioMed Research International . 2015 : 763093. doi : 10.1155/2015/763093 .
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Leukodystrophy, Hypomyelinating, 7, With Or Without Oligodontia And/or Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Omim
Clinical Features In an inbred Syrian pedigree, Atrouni et al. (2003) described oligodontia in association with a degenerative neurologic condition characterized by progressive ataxia and pyramidal syndrome. Age at onset was about 12 years. ... Timmons et al. (2006) proposed the designation '4H syndrome.' Bernard et al. (2010) reported 6 living patients and 1 deceased patient from 5 French Canadian families with a similar form of very early childhood-onset hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. ... Genotype/Phenotype Correlations Wolf et al. (2014) performed a cross-sectional observational study of 105 patients with 4H syndrome, including 43 with mutations in the POLR3A gene and 62 with mutations in the POLR3B gene. ... Wolf et al. (2014) concluded that 4H syndrome is an insidiously progressive neurologic disorder with declining motor function of variable severity, but dental abnormalities and hypogonadism are not obligatory for the diagnosis.
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Hyperparathyroidism 1
Omim
Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism-2 with jaw tumors (HRPT2; 145001), also known as the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT), is also caused by mutation in the CDC73 gene. ... Teh et al. (1998) interpreted these findings as indicating that a subset of familial isolated hyperparathyroidism families represent a variant of the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT) and that the gene involved is a tumor suppressor gene. ... No clinical or biochemical evidence of MEN syndromes could be detected. However, DNA marker D11S97, located at 11q13, gave a maximum 2-point lod score of 2.12 at a recombination fraction of 0.05. ... Exclusion Studies To establish whether familial isolated hyperparathyroidism is a distinct disease entity or a variant of one of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, Wassif et al. (1993) tested 19 members of a large family in which the disease had been transmitted through 4 generations in an autosomal dominant fashion.
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Central Nervous System Cyst
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : G93.0 , Q04.6 ICD - 9-CM : 348.0 , 742.4 MeSH : D020863 v t e Diseases of the nervous system , primarily CNS Inflammation Brain Encephalitis Viral encephalitis Herpesviral encephalitis Limbic encephalitis Encephalitis lethargica Cavernous sinus thrombosis Brain abscess Amoebic Brain and spinal cord Encephalomyelitis Acute disseminated Meningitis Meningoencephalitis Brain / encephalopathy Degenerative Extrapyramidal and movement disorders Basal ganglia disease Parkinsonism PD Postencephalitic NMS PKAN Tauopathy PSP Striatonigral degeneration Hemiballismus HD OA Dyskinesia Dystonia Status dystonicus Spasmodic torticollis Meige's Blepharospasm Athetosis Chorea Choreoathetosis Myoclonus Myoclonic epilepsy Akathisia Tremor Essential tremor Intention tremor Restless legs Stiff-person Dementia Tauopathy Alzheimer's Early-onset Primary progressive aphasia Frontotemporal dementia / Frontotemporal lobar degeneration Pick's Dementia with Lewy bodies Posterior cortical atrophy Vascular dementia Mitochondrial disease Leigh syndrome Demyelinating Autoimmune Inflammatory Multiple sclerosis For more detailed coverage, see Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS Episodic/ paroxysmal Seizures and epilepsy Focal Generalised Status epilepticus For more detailed coverage, see Template:Epilepsy Headache Migraine Cluster Tension For more detailed coverage, see Template:Headache Cerebrovascular TIA Stroke For more detailed coverage, see Template:Cerebrovascular diseases Other Sleep disorders For more detailed coverage, see Template:Sleep CSF Intracranial hypertension Hydrocephalus Normal pressure hydrocephalus Choroid plexus papilloma Idiopathic intracranial hypertension Cerebral edema Intracranial hypotension Other Brain herniation Reye syndrome Hepatic encephalopathy Toxic encephalopathy Hashimoto's encephalopathy Both/either Degenerative SA Friedreich's ataxia Ataxia–telangiectasia MND UMN only: Primary lateral sclerosis Pseudobulbar palsy Hereditary spastic paraplegia LMN only: Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies Spinal muscular atrophies SMA SMAX1 SMAX2 DSMA1 Congenital DSMA Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED) SMALED1 SMALED2A SMALED2B SMA-PCH SMA-PME Progressive muscular atrophy Progressive bulbar palsy Fazio–Londe Infantile progressive bulbar palsy both: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis v t e Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system Brain Neural tube defect Anencephaly Acephaly Acrania Acalvaria Iniencephaly Encephalocele Chiari malformation Other Microcephaly Congenital hydrocephalus Dandy–Walker syndrome other reduction deformities Holoprosencephaly Lissencephaly Microlissencephaly Pachygyria Hydranencephaly Septo-optic dysplasia Megalencephaly Hemimegalencephaly CNS cyst Porencephaly Schizencephaly Polymicrogyria Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria Spinal cord Neural tube defect Spina bifida Rachischisis Other Currarino syndrome Diastomatomyelia Syringomyelia
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Erythrasma
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : L08.1 ICD - 9-CM : 039.0 MeSH : D004894 DiseasesDB : 29630 SNOMED CT : 238418005 External resources MedlinePlus : 001470 eMedicine : derm/140 v t e Gram-positive bacterial infection : Actinobacteria Actinomycineae Actinomycetaceae Actinomyces israelii Actinomycosis Cutaneous actinomycosis Tropheryma whipplei Whipple's disease Arcanobacterium haemolyticum Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection Actinomyces gerencseriae Propionibacteriaceae Propionibacterium acnes Corynebacterineae Mycobacteriaceae M. tuberculosis / M. bovis Tuberculosis : Ghon focus / Ghon's complex Pott disease brain Meningitis Rich focus Tuberculous lymphadenitis Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis cutaneous Scrofuloderma Erythema induratum Lupus vulgaris Prosector's wart Tuberculosis cutis orificialis Tuberculous cellulitis Tuberculous gumma Lichen scrofulosorum Tuberculid Papulonecrotic tuberculid Primary inoculation tuberculosis Miliary Tuberculous pericarditis Urogenital tuberculosis Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis M. leprae Leprosy : Tuberculoid leprosy Borderline tuberculoid leprosy Borderline leprosy Borderline lepromatous leprosy Lepromatous leprosy Histoid leprosy Nontuberculous R1 : M. kansasii M. marinum Aquarium granuloma R2 : M. gordonae R3 : M. avium complex / Mycobacterium avium / Mycobacterium intracellulare / MAP MAI infection M. ulcerans Buruli ulcer M. haemophilum R4 / RG : M. fortuitum M. chelonae M. abscessus Nocardiaceae Nocardia asteroides / Nocardia brasiliensis / Nocardia farcinica Nocardiosis Rhodococcus equi Corynebacteriaceae Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diphtheria Corynebacterium minutissimum Erythrasma Corynebacterium jeikeium Group JK corynebacterium sepsis Bifidobacteriaceae Gardnerella vaginalis v t e Bacterial skin disease Gram +ve Firmicutes Staphylococcus Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Impetigo Toxic shock syndrome Streptococcus Impetigo Cutaneous group B streptococcal infection Streptococcal intertrigo Cutaneous Streptococcus iniae infection Erysipelas / Chronic recurrent erysipelas Scarlet fever Corynebacterium Erythrasma Listeriosis Clostridium Gas gangrene Dermatitis gangrenosa Mycoplasma Erysipeloid of Rosenbach Actinobacteria Mycobacterium-related: Aquarium granuloma Borderline lepromatous leprosy Borderline leprosy Borderline tuberculoid leprosy Buruli ulcer Erythema induratum Histoid leprosy Lepromatous leprosy Leprosy Lichen scrofulosorum Lupus vulgaris Miliary tuberculosis Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection Mycobacterium haemophilum infection Mycobacterium kansasii infection Papulonecrotic tuberculid Primary inoculation tuberculosis Rapid growing mycobacterium infection Scrofuloderma Tuberculosis cutis orificialis Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis Tuberculous cellulitis Tuberculous gumma Tuberculoid leprosy Cutaneous actinomycosis Nocardiosis Cutaneous diphtheria infection Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection Group JK corynebacterium sepsis Gram -ve Proteobacteria α: Endemic typhus Epidemic typhus Scrub typhus North Asian tick typhus Queensland tick typhus Flying squirrel typhus Trench fever Bacillary angiomatosis African tick bite fever American tick bite fever Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection Rickettsialpox Rocky Mountain spotted fever Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis Flea-borne spotted fever Japanese spotted fever Mediterranean spotted fever Flinders Island spotted fever Verruga peruana Brill–Zinsser disease Brucellosis Cat-scratch disease Oroya fever Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection β: Gonococcemia / Gonorrhea / Primary gonococcal dermatitis Melioidosis Cutaneous Pasteurella hemolytica infection Meningococcemia Glanders Chromobacteriosis infection γ: Pasteurellosis Tularemia Vibrio vulnificus Rhinoscleroma Haemophilus influenzae cellulitis Pseudomonal pyoderma / Pseudomonas hot-foot syndrome / Hot tub folliculitis / Ecthyma gangrenosum / Green nail syndrome Q fever Salmonellosis Shigellosis Plague Granuloma inguinale Chancroid Aeromonas infection ε: Helicobacter cellulitis Other Syphilid Syphilis Chancre Yaws Pinta Bejel Chlamydia infection Leptospirosis Rat-bite fever Lyme disease Lymphogranuloma venereum Unspecified pathogen Abscess Periapical abscess Boil/furuncle Hospital furunculosis Carbuncle Cellulitis Paronychia / Pyogenic paronychia Perianal cellulitis Acute lymphadenitis Pilonidal cyst Pyoderma Folliculitis Superficial pustular folliculitis Sycosis vulgaris Pimple Ecthyma Pitted keratolysis Trichomycosis axillaris Necrotizing fascitis Gangrene Chronic undermining burrowing ulcers Fournier gangrene Elephantiasis nostras Blistering distal dactylitis Botryomycosis Malakoplakia Gram-negative folliculitis Gram-negative toe web infection Pyomyositis Blastomycosis-like pyoderma Bullous impetigo Chronic lymphangitis Recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema Tick-borne lymphadenopathy Tropical ulcer
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Palinopsia
Wikipedia
Contents 1 Presentation 2 Cause 3 Pathophysiology 4 Diagnosis 4.1 Differentiation from physiological afterimages 4.2 Illusory versus hallucinatory 5 Research 6 References 7 External links Presentation [ edit ] People with palinopsia frequently report other visual illusions and hallucinations such as photopsias , dysmetropsia i.e. Alice in Wonderland syndrome ( micropsia , macropsia , teleopsia , and pelopsia ), visual snow , oscillopsia , entoptic phenomena , and cerebral polyopia . [ citation needed ] Cause [ edit ] Further information: Hallucinatory palinopsia § Cause , and Illusory palinopsia § Cause Posterior visual pathway cortical lesions ( tumor , [1] abscess , [3] hemorrhage , [4] infarction , [1] arteriovenous malformation , [5] cortical dysplasia , [6] aneurysm [1] ) and various seizure causes ( hyperglycemia , [7] ion channel mutations, [8] Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease , [9] idiopathic seizures, [10] etc.) cause focal cortical hyperactivity or hyperexcitability, resulting in inappropriate, persistent activation of a visual memory circuit. ... "Palinopsia with bacterial brain abscess and Noonan syndrome". Alaska Medicine . 41 (1): 3–7. ... PMID 7191073 . ^ Engelsen, BA; Tzoulis, C; Karlsen, B; Lillebø, A; Laegreid, LM; Aasly, J; Zeviani, M; Bindoff, LA (Mar 2008). "POLG1 mutations cause a syndromic epilepsy with occipital lobe predilection" (PDF) . ... "Epileptic mechanisms in Charles Bonnet syndrome". Epilepsy & Behavior . 18 (1–2): 119–22. doi : 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.03.010 .
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Christmas Eye
Wikipedia
Christmas Eye (also known as seasonal corneal ulcer, Albury-Wodonga syndrome, harvester's eye, or harvester's keratitis ) refers to a seasonal epidemic of corneal ulceration which predominantly occurs in a particular region of Australia . [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] This seasonal epidemic was first identified in the 1970's and for a long time it has remained poorly understood. ... As far as it can be determined, the syndrome has not occurred in large numbers outside the south-west slopes and the plains of New South West. [12] Statistically however, the majority of cases occur in north east of Victoria. [8] The severity of the Christmas Eye continues to vary from year to year, which leads to improving the treatment and management of this painful condition. ... Regardless of this, the lesion did cause slight blur and mild flare at night while driving. [8] See Also [ edit ] Corneal ulcer References [ edit ] ^ Howsam, Geoffrey (1 May 1995). "The Albury-Wodonga syndrome: A tale of two cities". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology . 23 (2): 135–138. doi : 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1995.tb00142.x . ... ISSN 1195-1982 . ^ Howsam, Geoffrey (1995). "The Albury-Wodonga Syndrome (A tale of two cities)" . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology : 135–137 – via Online Library. ^ "15th Rural Critical Care Conference - 21-22 August 2015, Armidale Services Club, Armidale, NSW - 404-Page Not Found" (PDF) .
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Pathological Lying
Wikipedia
Its occurrence was found by the study to be equal in women and men. [6] [8] Forty percent of cases reported central nervous system abnormality such as epilepsy, abnormal EEG findings, ADHD , head trauma, or CNS infection . [8] See also [ edit ] Compulsive behavior Confabulation Child lying Ganser syndrome Gaslighting Munchausen syndrome Psychological projection Further reading [ edit ] ^ Hart, Christian L.; Curtis, Drew A. (7 September 2020). ... "Pseudologia fantastica, factitious disorder and impostership: a deception syndrome". Medicine, Science, and the Law . 38 (3): 198–201. doi : 10.1177/002580249803800303 . ... Dependence Concepts Physical dependence Psychological dependence Withdrawal Disorders Drugs Alcoholism Amphetamine Barbiturate Benzodiazepine Caffeine Cannabis Cocaine Nicotine Opioid Non-drug stimuli Tanning dependence Treatment and management Detoxification Alcohol detoxification Drug detoxification Behavioral therapies Cognitive behavioral therapy Relapse prevention Contingency management Community reinforcement approach and family training Motivational enhancement therapy Motivational interviewing Motivational therapy Physical exercise Treatment programs Drug rehab Residential treatment center Heroin-assisted treatment Intensive outpatient program Methadone maintenance Smoking cessation Nicotine replacement therapy Tobacco cessation clinics in India Twelve-step program Support groups Addiction recovery groups List of twelve-step groups Harm reduction Category:Harm reduction Drug checking Reagent testing Low-threshold treatment programs Managed alcohol program Moderation Management Needle exchange program Responsible drug use Stimulant maintenance Supervised injection site Tobacco harm reduction See also Addiction medicine Allen Carr Category:Addiction Discrimination against drug addicts Dopamine dysregulation syndrome Cognitive control Inhibitory control Motivational salience Incentive salience Sober companion Category v t e Psychopathy Contexts In fiction In the workplace Characteristics Anti-social behaviour Bold Callous Diminished empathy Disinhibited Grandiose Impulsive Lack of guilt Manipulative Pathological lying Remorseless Shallow affect Superficially charming Related topics Antisocial personality disorder Conduct disorder Dark triad Flying monkeys History of psychopathy Juvenile delinquency Machiavellianism Macdonald triad Narcissism Psychopathic Personality Inventory Psychopathy Checklist Sadistic personality disorder Sexual sadism disorder Sociopathy Notable theorists Hervey M.
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Astasis
Wikipedia
This balance impairment is similar to patients with vestibulocerebellar syndrome , which is a progressive neurological disease with many symptoms and effects. ... This region of the brain is not yet well understood and according to current knowledge, this is the first reported case with the simultaneous combination of astasis, pretectal syndrome , and asymmetrical asterixis . [1] Diagnosis [ edit ] This section is empty. ... He recognized that paralysis and other deficits could all be observed along with the syndrome astasia-abasia. [10] Jean-Martin Charcot, Charles Lasègue, and other physicians prior to Blocq's description described astasis as "a special variety of motor feebleness of the legs from want of coordination in standing position.” [10] Astasia-abasia is also known as "Blocq's disease". ... "Astasia, asymmetrical asterixis and pretectal syndrome in thalamo-mesencephalic hemorrhage".
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1976 Swine Flu Outbreak
Wikipedia
After the program began, the vaccine was associated with an increase in reports of Guillain-Barré Syndrome , which can cause paralysis, respiratory arrest, and death. ... He suggested to stockpile the vaccine and to have a wait-and-see strategy. [2] By 15 December, cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) affecting vaccinated patients were reported in 10 states, including Minnesota, Maryland, and Alabama. [12] Three more cases of Guillain-Barré were reported in early December, and the investigation into cases of it spread to eleven states. ... There is not even complete agreement about the causal relationship between the swine flu vaccine and Guillain-Barré syndrome, as noted in Gina Kolata's book Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It . [15] She wrote that the CDC did not have a "specific set of tests and symptoms to define Guillain-Barré" and that since doctors who reported cases already knew that a link was suspected, a bias in reporting was introduced. ... "Invited Commentary: Influenza Vaccine and Guillain-Barre Syndrome--Is There a Risk?" . American Journal of Epidemiology . 175 (11): 1129–1132. doi : 10.1093/aje/kws194 .
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Scombroid Food Poisoning
Wikipedia
Foodborne illness that typically results from eating spoiled fish Scombroid food poisoning Other names Scombrotoxin fish poisoning, scombroid syndrome, [1] scombroid, [2] histamine fish poisoning, [1] scombroid poisoning [3] Histamine Specialty Emergency medicine Symptoms Flushed skin , headache, itchiness, blurred vision, abdominal cramps, diarrhea [2] Usual onset After 10 to 60 min [2] Duration Up to 2 days [2] Causes Eat fish high in histamine due to improper processing [2] Risk factors Tuna , mackerel , mahi mahi , sardine , anchovy , herring , bluefish , amberjack , marlin . [2] Diagnostic method Typically based on symptoms, blood tryptase [2] [1] Differential diagnosis Allergic reaction , [2] fish allergy [1] Treatment Antihistamines , epinephrine [2] [3] Frequency Relatively common [2] Deaths Very rare [3] Scombroid food poisoning , also known as simple scombroid , is a foodborne illness that typically results from eating spoiled fish . [2] Symptoms may include flushed skin , headache, itchiness, blurred vision, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. [2] Onset of symptoms is typically 10 to 60 minutes after eating and can last for up to two days. [2] Rarely, breathing problems or an irregular heartbeat may occur. [2] Scombroid occurs from eating fish high in histamine due to inappropriate storage or processing. [2] Fish commonly implicated include tuna , mackerel , mahi mahi , sardine , anchovy , herring , bluefish , amberjack , and marlin . [2] These fish naturally have high levels of histidine , which is converted to histamine when bacterial growth occurs during improper storage. [2] Subsequent cooking, smoking, or freezing does not eliminate the histamine. [2] Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and may be supported by a normal blood tryptase . [2] [1] If a number of people who eat the same fish develop symptoms, the diagnosis is more likely. [2] Prevention is by refrigerating or freezing fish right after it is caught. [2] Treatment is generally with antihistamines such as diphenhydramine and ranitidine . [2] Epinephrine may be used for severe symptoms. [3] Along with ciguatera fish poisoning , it is one of the most common type of seafood poisoning . [2] It occurs globally in both temperate and tropical waters. [2] Only one death has been reported. [3] The condition was first described in 1799. [1] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 1.1 Initial 1.2 Additional symptoms 1.3 Severe 2 Causes 3 Diagnosis 4 Prevention 5 Treatment 6 History 7 Epidemiology 8 References 9 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Symptoms typically occur within 10–30 minutes of ingesting the fish and generally are self-limited. ... Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (H1 blockade) and ranitidine (H2 blockade) together with intravenous fluids may help with mild to moderate symptoms. [2] [3] Epinephrine combined with a steroid may be used for severe symptoms. [3] History [ edit ] The syndrome is named after the fish family Scombridae , which includes mackerels , tunas , and bonitos , because early descriptions of the illness noted an association with those species, although nonscombroid fish such as mahi-mahi and amberjack may also cause the condition. ... In 2012, UK environmental health authorities in north east Lincolnshire intercepted and destroyed a shipment of tuna from Vietnam after four crew members were reported to have developed symptoms of histamine poisoning. [13] Commercially canned tuna was determined to be the cause of the poisoning of 232 persons in the north-central United States in 1973. [14] References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h Ridolo, E; Martignago, I; Senna, G; Ricci, G (October 2016). "Scombroid syndrome: it seems to be fish allergy but... it isn't". ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : T61.1 ICD - 9-CM : 988.0 DiseasesDB : 31114 External resources eMedicine : emerg/523 Seafood Network Information Center Center for Disease Control: Food Poisonings from Marine Toxins DermNet reactions/scombroid v t e Poisoning Toxicity Overdose History of poison Inorganic Metals Toxic metals Beryllium Cadmium Lead Mercury Nickel Silver Thallium Tin Dietary minerals Chromium Cobalt Copper Iron Manganese Zinc Metalloids Arsenic Nonmetals Sulfuric acid Selenium Chlorine Fluoride Organic Phosphorus Pesticides Aluminium phosphide Organophosphates Nitrogen Cyanide Nicotine Nitrogen dioxide poisoning CHO alcohol Ethanol Ethylene glycol Methanol Carbon monoxide Oxygen Toluene Pharmaceutical Drug overdoses Nervous Anticholinesterase Aspirin Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Cocaine Lithium Opioids Paracetamol Tricyclic antidepressants Cardiovascular Digoxin Dipyridamole Vitamin poisoning Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Megavitamin-B 6 syndrome Biological 1 Fish / seafood Ciguatera Haff disease Ichthyoallyeinotoxism Scombroid Shellfish poisoning Amnesic Diarrhetic Neurotoxic Paralytic Other vertebrates amphibian venom Batrachotoxin Bombesin Bufotenin Physalaemin birds / quail Coturnism snake venom Alpha-Bungarotoxin Ancrod Batroxobin Arthropods Arthropod bites and stings bee sting / bee venom Apamin Melittin scorpion venom Charybdotoxin spider venom Latrotoxin / Latrodectism Loxoscelism tick paralysis Plants / fungi Cinchonism Ergotism Lathyrism Locoism Mushrooms Strychnine 1 including venoms , toxins , foodborne illnesses .
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Concussions In Rugby Union
Wikipedia
It is short-lived impairment of neurological function, the brains ability to process information, which can be resolved in seven to ten days. [1] Not all concussion involves the loss of consciousness, with it occurring in less than 10% of concussions. [4] Second-impact syndrome is when a player has obtained a second concussion when you either return to field the same day, or return to play before a complete recovery from a previous concussion. ... The condition was previously referred to as " dementia pugilistica ", or "punch drunk" syndrome, as it was first noted in boxers. ... If symptoms of concussion do not disappear in the average of seven to ten days, then seek medical advice again as injury could be worse. In post-concussion syndrome, symptoms do not resolve for weeks, months, or years after a concussion, and may occasionally be permanent. About 10% to 20% of people have post concussion syndrome for more than a month. Controlling concussions [ edit ] In order to minimise the risk of concussion and repetitive head trauma, the method of the 6 R's is used. [16] Firstly Recognising and Removing a suspected player of concussion, to stop the injury from getting worse.
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Abnormal Posturing
Wikipedia
Decerebrate and decorticate posturing can indicate that brain herniation is occurring [7] or is about to occur. [5] Brain herniation is an extremely dangerous condition in which parts of the brain are pushed past hard structures within the skull. In herniation syndrome, which is indicative of brain herniation, decorticate posturing occurs, and, if the condition is left untreated, develops into decerebrate posturing. [7] Posturing has also been displayed by patients with Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease , [8] diffuse cerebral hypoxia , [9] and brain abscesses . [2] It has also been observed in cases of judicial hanging, although strapping of the arms and legs may hide the effect. [ medical citation needed ] Children [ edit ] In children younger than age two, posturing is not a reliable finding because their nervous systems are not yet developed. [2] However, Reye's syndrome and traumatic brain injury can both cause decorticate posturing in children. [2] For reasons that are poorly understood, but which may be related to high intracranial pressure, children with malaria frequently exhibit decorticate, decerebrate, and opisthotonic posturing. [10] Types [ edit ] Three types of abnormal posturing are decorticate posturing, with the arms flexed over the chest; decerebrate posturing, with the arms extended at the sides; and opisthotonus , in which the head and back are arched backward. ... "Intracranial Hypertension and Brain Herniation Syndromes" . Radiology Cases in Pediatric Emergency Medicine . ... Classification D ICD - 10 : R29.3 ICD - 9-CM : 781.92 External resources MedlinePlus : 003189 v t e Symptoms and signs relating to movement and gait Gait Gait abnormality CNS Scissor gait Cerebellar ataxia Festinating gait Marche à petit pas Propulsive gait Stomping gait Spastic gait Magnetic gait Truncal ataxia Muscular Myopathic gait Trendelenburg gait Pigeon gait Steppage gait Antalgic gait Coordination Ataxia Cerebellar ataxia Dysmetria Dysdiadochokinesia Pronator drift Dyssynergia Sensory ataxia Asterixis Abnormal movement Athetosis Tremor Fasciculation Fibrillation Posturing Abnormal posturing Opisthotonus Spasm Trismus Cramp Tetany Myokymia Joint locking Paralysis Flaccid paralysis Spastic paraplegia Spastic diplegia Spastic paraplegia Syndromes Monoplegia Diplegia / Paraplegia Hemiplegia Triplegia Tetraplegia / Quadruplegia General causes Upper motor neuron lesion Lower motor neuron lesion Weakness Hemiparesis Other Rachitic rosary Hyperreflexia Clasp-knife response