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Encephalocele
Wikipedia
The surgery also closed the baby's skull, repaired a Tessier facial cleft, and brought the baby's facial features together. [13] See also [ edit ] Cephalic disorder Knobloch syndrome References [ edit ] ^ NINDS Encephaloceles Information Page Archived 2009-01-13 at the Wayback Machine , NINDS , February 12, 2007. ... J Neurosci Rural Pract 2018;9:414-6 External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : Q01 MeSH : D004677 DiseasesDB : 29394 External resources eMedicine : radio/246 encephaloceles at NINDS v t e Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system Brain Neural tube defect Anencephaly Acephaly Acrania Acalvaria Iniencephaly Encephalocele Chiari malformation Other Microcephaly Congenital hydrocephalus Dandy–Walker syndrome other reduction deformities Holoprosencephaly Lissencephaly Microlissencephaly Pachygyria Hydranencephaly Septo-optic dysplasia Megalencephaly Hemimegalencephaly CNS cyst Porencephaly Schizencephaly Polymicrogyria Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria Spinal cord Neural tube defect Spina bifida Rachischisis Other Currarino syndrome Diastomatomyelia SyringomyeliaNID1, TMEM67, MSX2, MKS1, FKTN, WDPCP, TMEM237, NMNAT1, ALX4, ZSWIM6, DOCK6, CC2D2A, ARHGAP31, RPGRIP1, TMEM231, INPP5E, SPATA7, CEP55, AHI1, DLL4, TMEM138, TMEM216, POLR1D, CPLANE1, TCTN2, TCTN1, CSPP1, GDF6, RD3, FREM2, EOGT, HYLS1, ARL13B, LCA5, CEP120, RDH12, CEP41, USP45, TMEM107, B9D2, ARMC9, CEP290, FRAS1, B9D1, ARL3, CRPPA, AIPL1, TCOF1, CRX, FGFR1, FGFR3, FLNA, FLNB, GUCY2D, RBPJ, IMPDH1, KCNJ13, NOTCH1, NPHP1, GRIP1, RPE65, PCYT1A, CEP104, IQCB1, PIBF1, KIAA0586, RPGRIP1L, IFT140, CRB1, KIAA0556, ZNF423, POLR1C, LRAT, TULP1, LAMC2, CSF2, CASP9, CASP8, CASP3, BBS2, SUFU, GRHL3, COL18A1, WDR63, MMRN1, TP53, LAMC1, FUZ, PAX3, SOX2, TFAP2A, RMND5A, ALX3
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Precancerous Condition
Wikipedia
Some of the most common precancerous conditions include certain colon polyps , which can progress into colon cancer , monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance , which can progress into multiple myeloma or myelodysplastic syndrome . [4] and cervical dysplasia , which can progress into cervical cancer . [5] Pathologically, precancerous lesions can range from benign neoplasias , which are tumors which do not invade neighboring normal tissues or spread to distant organs, to dysplasia , [1] which involves collections of abnormal cells which in some cases have an increased risk of progressing to anaplasia and invasive cancer. ... The duration of this premalignant phase can vary from cancer to cancer and from individual to individual. [10] Examples [ edit ] Skin [ edit ] actinic keratosis [12] Bowen's disease (intraepidermal carcinoma/squamous carcinoma in situ ) dyskeratosis congenita Breast [ edit ] ductal carcinoma in situ Sclerosing adenosis Small duct papilloma Head and neck/oral [ edit ] oral submucous fibrosis erythroplakia lichen planus (oral) leukoplakia proliferative verrucous leukoplakia [6] stomatitis nicotina [13] Gastrointestinal [ edit ] Barrett's esophagus atrophic gastritis colon polyp Plummer-Vinson syndrome (sideropenic dysphagia) [6] hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer [6] Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Gynecological [ edit ] cervical dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasm, CIN) vaginal intraepithelial neoplasm (VAIN) [14] anal dysplasia (also see: anal cancer ) lichen sclerosus Bowen's disease (penile or vulvar) [15] erythroplasia of Queyrat [15] Urological [ edit ] bladder carcinoma in situ [16] Hematological [ edit ] monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance References [ edit ] ^ a b "NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms" . ... External links [ edit ] Classification D MeSH : D011230 Look up premalignant or precancerous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. v t e Overview of tumors , cancer and oncology Conditions Benign tumors Hyperplasia Cyst Pseudocyst Hamartoma Malignant progression Dysplasia Carcinoma in situ Cancer Metastasis Primary tumor Sentinel lymph node Topography Head and neck ( oral , nasopharyngeal ) Digestive system Respiratory system Bone Skin Blood Urogenital Nervous system Endocrine system Histology Carcinoma Sarcoma Blastoma Papilloma Adenoma Other Precancerous condition Paraneoplastic syndrome Staging / grading TNM Ann Arbor Prostate cancer staging Gleason grading system Dukes classification Carcinogenesis Cancer cell Carcinogen Tumor suppressor genes / oncogenes Clonally transmissible cancer Oncovirus Carcinogenic bacteria Misc.PTGS2, CDKN2A, HRAS, VEGFA, CCND1, AKT1, MUC1, MGMT, STAT3, CDH1, IL6, CAT, PRKAA1, PSCA, MPO, ARG1, ABL1, MDM2, IGF2, EGF, MIR196B, FOXM1, ALDH4A1, GSTO1, IFT88, NR1I3, TSC2, TNK2, TRIO, YIF1A, TPM4, TP53, STAT5A, PRKG1, SOD2, KRT8, GJB1, GSTA4, GSTP1, HADH, IGFBP1, IRS1, PEBP1, SIX3, PRDX1, PHB, PIM1, MAPK8, MAPK9, SERPINB3, UQCR11, COG4, SULF1, WSCD1, MIR125A, MIR145, MIR200B, MIR211, MIR212, MIR26B, MIR30A, MIR30D, MIR98, MIR99B, MIR324, MIR331, MIR338, MIR340, MIR409, MIR483, MIR92B, MIR652, MAGED4, MIRLET7D, MIRLET7B, ZBTB8OS, CCDC134, EXOSC2, ZBTB20, NOP16, ERGIC3, TRIT1, DPP10, PBLD, DDX54, PSD2, HIGD2A, AOPEP, COL23A1, SLC52A3, TMEM132D, SOCS4, SIRPA, TTLL9, PRICKLE2, FTH1, MAP2K7, CHN2, CPS1, EFNB2, CISH, ACTC1, ACY1, ALDH2, ANXA4, CFL1, ATP5F1B, BCAT2, CEBPA, CDX2, EIF4EBP1, MIR371A, ERBB2, H3P10, KRAS, CTNNB1, BCL2, TERT, APC, COX2, PIK3CA, MTCO2P12, ESR1, RARB, PIK3CB, NFE2L2, MYC, PIK3CD, PIK3CG, CDKN1A, PTEN, GABPA, BRCA1, GSTT1, RUNX3, SOX9, CALCA, TFF1, EGFR, TLR4, CD44, TNF, CD274, NOTCH1, RASSF1, SFRP1, CST6, SCGB3A1, PCNA, PAK1, CTNND1, MSH2, MMP3, MLH1, NRAS, SPP1, S100A8, SDC1, ST3GAL4, TGFB1, THBS1, CD24, SMAD4, ARID1A, PDLIM7, CEACAM5, PIAS3, BMI1, CDH13, OTUD4, TET2, DCN, ERCC2, IL1B, IGF1, FASN, HGF, EZH2, IL10, EDNRB, HOXA9, HTC2, GATA4, IL1RN, H2AX, GSTM1, STMN1, FHIT, TLR9, GATA1, IL23A, CDC25B, NOL7, ERVW-1, TMOD4, LEF1, FOXP3, DGCR8, G0S2, ASAP1, LEP, UGT1A9, GAS6, SCPEP1, CREBZF, CTDSP1, CD34, AS3MT, SLURP1, AKR1B10, SLC12A9, LAPTM4B, IMP3, MTPAP, PIWIL2, ESRP1, UHRF1, GALR1, CD38, MCAT, MCTS1, RIPK3, MYT1L, RAB3GAP1, MGLL, TUSC2, PDAP1, CXCL1, SDS, FUT1, CDX1, CKAP4, PAPOLA, MRPS30, YAP1, WFDC2, EPOR, CDK2, SYNE1, CDH17, DICER1, CD2AP, LDOC1, SMPX, GATA6, CDC25C, INTS6, AGO1, PELP1, AGO2, PDCD4, HPGDS, RBMX, TSKS, CAV1, NOD2, MIR29B1, ANXA5, FGFR1, MIR34C, MIR31, FAS, FASLG, MIR27B, ALOX15B, RHOA, MIR222, ATF3, ATM, FGFR3, MIR186, FGF2, AKT2, ATR, ETV6, LOC110806263, ESR2, COMMD3-BMI1, MICA, ETS1, ACP3, MECOM, NR0B1, MIR421, ZG16, POU5F1P4, POU5F1P3, PARP1, AGTR1, MIR183, KIF1A, SOX17, CA9, KLF9, VASN, KLF5, SFXN1, HTRA3, FOSL2, GAST, CKS1BP7, RSPO3, ACSS1, CASP3, FBXO11, RABEP2, RUNX1, BRAF, FOS, MIR10A, GKN2, BARD1, STING1, FHL2, TAS2R64P, ENDOV, MAPK15, ERBB3, PRIMA1, ASXL1, DDX53, BMP5, DST, ASPRV1, IL23R, EIF4E, AKAP12, PDZK1IP1, EPHA2, VCAN, PTPA, CTSA, POU5F1, POLR2G, PMP22, PLAU, PKM, IGFBP5, RBPJ, CST3, IL2, ABCB1, PGC, PDCD1, PRKAA2, PRKDC, CSK, PSMD10, RB1, IGF2R, PVT1, CLDN4, PTGS1, PTGDS, PSG2, CSHL1, PSG1, PSEN2, KLK6, PRL, ACAT1, IGFBP2, DNMT3B, REG3A, CXCL8, MMP2, MPZ, CYP1B1, MMP12, MMP11, MMP7, KRT14, MMP1, SARDH, RPSA, DAB2, MET, MAT1A, LCN2, SMAD3, MRC1, MST1R, IL11, DNMT1, OGG1, IL18, NOTCH3, EIF3E, NME1, NFKBIA, MYCN, COX1, ITGB1, MYBL2, MUC5AC, MUC2, CTSL, KIT, RBL2, RET, RPE65, HIC1, WNT2, WNT1, CHI3L1, UVRAG, UBE2I, TXN, CKB, CHEK1, TRAF3, RBMXP1, TP53BP1, CKS1B, TNFAIP3, TLX1, SEM1, CEACAM7, HPGD, CLDN1, G3BP2, KLK4, LOXL2, HDAC1, HDC, NOLC1, BTRC, PPM1D, CCNA1, ASAP2, HYAL2, CEACAM3, TP63, IFITM1, TLR2, THBD, RRBP1, CCL18, SLC16A1, COL11A2, IDH1, ST6GAL1, IDH2, SDHB, CP, SNAI1, SAI1, S100A9, IGF1R, S100A7, S100A6, S100A4, SLC22A3, COL2A1, TGFB3, TARBP2, HPR, TGFA, EYA4, HSPA1A, HSPA1B, TCF4, SYCP1, SORD, AURKA, CMA1, CCR7, HSPA2, SPINK1, SOX2, TFF2
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Germinoma
Wikipedia
It occurs in both ovaries in 10% of patients and, in a further 10%, a microscopic tumor is in the other ovary. [ citation needed ] A 7.4 x 5.5-cm seminoma in a radical orchiectomy specimen from a 27-year-old man Seminoma is the second-most common testicular cancer ; the most common is mixed, which may contain seminoma. [ citation needed ] Abnormal gonads (due to gonadal dysgenesis and androgen insensitivity syndrome ) have a high risk of developing a dysgerminoma. [5] Most dysgerminomas are associated with elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase , which is sometimes used as a tumor marker . ... Most of these relapsed patients were then recovered with radiation or additional chemotherapy. [9] See also [ edit ] Brown-Séquard syndrome (sections on cavernous malformation and germinoma) Spermatocytic tumor References [ edit ] ^ " Germinoma " at Dorland's Medical Dictionary ^ Germinoma, Central Nervous System at eMedicine ^ "Pathology" . ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD-O : 9060-9061, M9064/3 MeSH : D018237 SNOMED CT : 28307001 v t e Germ cell tumors Germinomatous Germinoma Seminoma Dysgerminoma Nongerminomatous Embryonal carcinoma Endodermal sinus tumor/Yolk sac tumor Teratoma : Fetus in fetu Dermoid cyst Struma ovarii Strumal carcinoid Trophoblastic neoplasm : Gestational trophoblastic disease Hydatidiform mole Choriocarcinoma Placental site trophoblastic tumor Polyembryoma Gonadoblastoma v t e Tumors of the female urogenital system Adnexa Ovaries Glandular and epithelial / surface epithelial- stromal tumor CMS: Ovarian serous cystadenoma Mucinous cystadenoma Cystadenocarcinoma Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma Krukenberg tumor Endometrioid tumor Clear-cell ovarian carcinoma Brenner tumour Sex cord–gonadal stromal Leydig cell tumour Sertoli cell tumour Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour Thecoma Granulosa cell tumour Luteoma Sex cord tumour with annular tubules Germ cell Dysgerminoma Nongerminomatous Embryonal carcinoma Endodermal sinus tumor Gonadoblastoma Teratoma / Struma ovarii Choriocarcinoma Fibroma Meigs' syndrome Fallopian tube Adenomatoid tumor Uterus Myometrium Uterine fibroids/leiomyoma Leiomyosarcoma Adenomyoma Endometrium Endometrioid tumor Uterine papillary serous carcinoma Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia Uterine clear-cell carcinoma Cervix Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Clear-cell carcinoma SCC Glassy cell carcinoma Villoglandular adenocarcinoma Placenta Choriocarcinoma Gestational trophoblastic disease General Uterine sarcoma Mixed Müllerian tumor Vagina Squamous-cell carcinoma of the vagina Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia Vaginal cysts Vulva SCC Melanoma Papillary hidradenoma Extramammary Paget's disease Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia Bartholin gland carcinoma v t e Tumor markers Blood Lymphoma Neprilysin Lymphosarcoma CD3 CD79a Endocrine Thyroid cancer Thyroglobulin Medullary thyroid cancer ( Calcitonin Carcinoembryonic antigen ) Pheochromocytoma Normetanephrine Enolase 2 Neuroendocrine tumors Synaptophysin Chromogranin A Neuroblastoma Homovanillic acid Nervous system Brain tumor PCNA Astrocytoma Glial fibrillary acidic protein NC / Melanoma S100 protein Melanoma inhibitory activity Cardiovascular/ respiratory Lung cancer Carcinoembryonic antigen Enolase 2 Autocrine motility factor hPG80 Hemangiosarcoma ( endothelium ) Factor VIII Digestive Colorectal cancer CA19-9 Carcinoembryonic antigen hPG80 Pancreatic cancer CA19-9 Carcinoembryonic antigen CA 242 Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 hPG80 Hepatocellular carcinoma Alpha-fetoprotein / AFP-L3 Reproductive/ urinary/ breast Ovarian tumor Surface epithelial-stromal tumor CA-125 EC CD30 hCG EST Alpha-fetoprotein Choriocarcinoma hCG Dysgerminoma LDH Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour Testosterone GCT Inhibin hPG80 Testicular cancer βhCG Alpha-fetoprotein / AFP-L3 CD30 hPG80 Prostate cancer Prostate-specific antigen Prostatic acid phosphatase Glutamate carboxypeptidase II erbB-3 receptor Early prostate cancer antigen-2 SPINK1 GOLM1 PCA3 TMPRSS2 hPG80 Germ cell tumor NANOG Bladder cancer erbB-3 receptor NMP22 Breast cancer CA 15-3 erbB-2 receptor erbB-3 receptor Cathepsin D CA 27-29 hPG80 General histology Sarcoma Vimentin Carcinoma ( epithelium ) Cytokeratin Musculoskeletal Rhabdomyosarcoma Desmin
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Mast Cell Leukemia
Wikipedia
(July 2001). "Myelomastocytic overlap syndromes: biology, criteria, and relationship to mastocytosis". ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : C94.3 ICD - 9-CM : 207.8 ICD-O : M9742/3 MeSH : D007946 DiseasesDB : 30102 v t e Myeloid -related hematological malignancy CFU-GM / and other granulocytes CFU-GM Myelocyte AML : Acute myeloblastic leukemia M0 M1 M2 APL/M3 MP Chronic neutrophilic leukemia Monocyte AML AMoL/M5 Myeloid dendritic cell leukemia CML Philadelphia chromosome Accelerated phase chronic myelogenous leukemia Myelomonocyte AML M4 MD-MP Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia Other Histiocytosis CFU-Baso AML Acute basophilic CFU-Eos AML Acute eosinophilic MP Chronic eosinophilic leukemia / Hypereosinophilic syndrome MEP CFU-Meg MP Essential thrombocytosis Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia CFU-E AML Erythroleukemia/M6 MP Polycythemia vera MD Refractory anemia Refractory anemia with excess of blasts Chromosome 5q deletion syndrome Sideroblastic anemia Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia CFU-Mast Mastocytoma Mast cell leukemia Mast cell sarcoma Systemic mastocytosis Mastocytosis : Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis Erythrodermic mastocytosis Adult type of generalized eruption of cutaneous mastocytosis Urticaria pigmentosa Mast cell sarcoma Solitary mastocytoma Systemic mastocytosis Xanthelasmoidal mastocytosis Multiple/unknown AML Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis Myeloid sarcoma MP Myelofibrosis Acute biphenotypic leukaemiaKIT, CCND1, BCL2, BTK, TNFRSF8, CDKN1B, ACTB, SMPD1, HSPA4, TNF, TP53, SOX11, MME, ISM1, H19, PIK3CD, SPG7, PIK3CG, PLK1, PRKAR1A, PRKG2, PIK3CB, PTGS2, CCL1, PIK3CA, ACLY, AURKA, SPIB, STAT5A, STAT5B, PDGFRB, NRP2, AURKB, NR1I3, TRIM13, CIB1, BRD4, SIGLEC8, SETD2, RASGRP4, MALAT1, ENPP3, KITLG, PAX5, NELL2, AKT1, ARR3, CASR, CD2, CD33, CD34, CD40, CDKN2B, CCR5, CTNNB1, CXADR, EIF4E, EZH2, FGF1, FLT3, FUS, HSP90AA1, IFNA2, IGH, IL2RA, IL4, IL6, CXCL8, IL10, ISG20, KDR, LAD1, LTA, MYC, CXADRP1
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Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy
Wikipedia
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy at NIH 's Office of Rare Diseases External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : G71.0 OMIM : 164300 MeSH : D039141 DiseasesDB : 29869 External resources GeneReviews : Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy Scholia has a topic profile for Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy . v t e Muscular dystrophy Types Congenital Dystrophinopathy Becker's Duchenne Distal Emery-Dreifuss Facioscapulohumeral Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy Calpainopathy Myotonic Oculopharyngeal National/International Organizations Muscular Dystrophy Association (USA) Muscular Dystrophy Canada Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation Muskelsvindfonden (Denmark) National/International Events MDA Muscle Walk (USA) Labor Day Telethon (defunct; USA/Canada) Décrypthon (France) Grøn Koncert (Denmark) Clinical trials Stamulumab (MYO-029) Category v t e Diseases of muscle , neuromuscular junction , and neuromuscular disease Neuromuscular- junction disease autoimmune Myasthenia gravis Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome Neuromyotonia Myopathy Muscular dystrophy ( DAPC ) AD Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 1 Oculopharyngeal Facioscapulohumeral Myotonic Distal (most) AR Calpainopathy Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2 Congenital Fukuyama Ullrich Walker–Warburg XR dystrophin Becker's Duchenne Emery–Dreifuss Other structural collagen disease Bethlem myopathy PTP disease X-linked MTM adaptor protein disease BIN1-linked centronuclear myopathy cytoskeleton disease Nemaline myopathy Zaspopathy Channelopathy Myotonia Myotonia congenita Thomsen disease Neuromyotonia / Isaacs syndrome Paramyotonia congenita Periodic paralysis Hypokalemic Thyrotoxic Hyperkalemic Other Central core disease Mitochondrial myopathy MELAS MERRF KSS PEO General Inflammatory myopathy Congenital myopathy v t e Disorders of transcription and post transcriptional modification Chromatin remodeling CHD7 ( CHARGE syndrome ) Polyadenylation PABPN1 ( Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy ) RNA splicing PRPF31 ( Retinitis pigmentosa 11 ) PRPF8 ( Retinitis pigmentosa 13 )
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Diabetes Mellitus, 6q24-Related Transient Neonatal
Gene_reviews
Other genetic causes of neonatal diabetes mellitus (isolated and syndromic, transient and permanent): KCNJ11 - and ABCC8 -related neonatal diabetes mellitus (see Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus). ... Some of the children have epilepsy, hypotonia, and developmental delay in addition to diabetes mellitus (DEND syndrome). KCNJ11 -related neonatal diabetes mellitus is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, while ABCC8 -related neonatal diabetes may be inherited in either an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. ... PDX1 -related neonatal diabetes mellitus is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome (OMIM 137920). The diabetes phenotype in individuals heterozygous for an HNF1B pathogenic variant manifests more frequently later in life. ... Wolcott-Rallison syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. ... Without aggressive immunosuppression or bone marrow transplantation, the majority of affected males die within the first year of life of either metabolic derangements or sepsis; a few with a milder phenotype have survived into the second and third decade. IPEX syndrome is inherited in an X-linked manner.
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Dcx-Related Disorders
Gene_reviews
Severe phenotype associated with thicker SBH typically includes: Developmental delay Moderate-to-severe intellectual disability Severe language impairment Behavioral problems Seizures (frequently refractory to antiepileptic medication) that may be either focal or generalized (~50% each) and in more severe cases eventually progress to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome [Dobyns 2010] Mild phenotype associated with thin frontal band heterotopia or normal-appearing cerebral MRI may include: Average or mildly impaired cognitive skills [Guerrini et al 2003] No additional symptoms Recognition only after prenatal or postnatal diagnosis of a DCX -related disorder in an offspring or other family member As in other X-linked disorders, X-chromosome inactivation has been postulated to contribute to inter- and intrafamilial phenotypic variability in females heterozygous for a DCX pathogenic variant. ... To emphasize their X-linked inheritance, DCX -related lissencephaly and SBH have variably been termed and abbreviated: X-linked lissencephaly (XLIS) Lissencephaly, X-linked (LISX) Isolated lissencephaly, X-linked (ILSX) Subcortical laminar heterotopia, X-linked (X-SCLH) Subcortical band heterotopia, X-linked (SBHX) DCX -related lissencephaly and SBH have also been referred to as double cortex syndrome. Prevalence The incidence of all forms of type 1 lissencephaly has been estimated at 1:100,000 births [Orphanet], with the majority resulting from heterozygous pathogenic variants of PAFAH1B1 ( LIS1 ). ... Uyanik et al [2007] 2. Miller-Dieker syndrome is caused by either small cytogenetically visible deletions or FISH-detectable microdeletions of 17p13.3 that include LIS1 (officially designated as PAFAH1B1 ) and YWHAE , and intervening genes. 3. ... Disorders with Subcortical Band Heterotopia to Consider in the Differential Diagnosis View in own window Disorder Gene(s) MOI Clinical Features Differentiating This Disorder from DCX Disorders PAFAH1B1 - associated subcortical band heterotopia PAFAH1B1 AD More prominent in the posterior regions of the brain, w/a P>A gradient ( DCX -related SBH presents w/an A>P gradient.) 1 Baraitser- Winter syndrome (OMIM 243310, 614583) ACTB ACTG1 AD Short central regions of SBH adjacent to frontal pachygyria Dysmorphic features Iris or retinal coloboma Sensoneurinal deafness Congenital cardiac or renal malformations Abnormal corpus callosum (short; thick or absent) 2 A = anterior; AD = autosomal dominant; MOI = mode of inheritance; P = posterior; SBH = subcortical band heterotopia 1. ... Di Donato et al [2016a], Di Donato et al [2016b] Other disorders to consider include those with cobblestone lissencephaly (i.e., Walker-Warburg syndrome, muscle eye brain disease [see OMIM PS236670], and Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy) as well as tubulinopathies (see Tubulinopathies Overview), disorders with polymicrogyria, and disorders with periventricular nodular heterotopia (see FLNA -Related Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia).
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Wikipedia
For functional disorder , see Irritable bowel syndrome . For the medical journal, see Inflammatory Bowel Diseases . ... (February 2013). "Nonthyroidal illness syndrome: is it far away from Crohn's disease?". ... "Prevalence of symptoms meeting criteria for irritable bowel syndrome in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis". ... "Negative Effects on Psychological Health and Quality of Life of Genuine Irritable Bowel Syndrome-type Symptoms in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease" . ... PMID 27189912 . ^ Abdul Rani R, Raja Ali RA, Lee YY (October 2016). "Irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease overlap syndrome: pieces of the puzzle are falling into place" .IL10, TNF, NOD2, CARD9, ATG16L1, IL23R, TNFSF15, IRGM, INAVA, IL18RAP, IL10RA, STAT3, PLCG2, PTPN22, ICAM1, PTGS2, TGFB1, MUC19, XIAP, IL6, APC, IL10RB, SLC11A1, IL2RA, MAGI2, DEFA5, RASSF1, ITGA4, SFRP2, APC2, VNN1, ITGAL, SFRP1, CUL2, ITGB8, HPS1, IL2, SLAMF8, XBP1, NOS2, MUC2, ESR2, RUNX3, CD40LG, NFIL3, KLKB1, HLA-DRB1, SLC6A14, IGF2, SLC22A4, F5, HLA-B, PTPN2, MST1, NUDT15, STAT4, CCL20, IL27, FUT2, TYK2, LRRK2, HLA-DQA1, TNFRSF6B, PRDM1, IL18R1, ITLN1, SMAD3, NR5A2, FCGR2A, GPR65, SLC22A23, TRAF3IP2, GPR35, CREM, LACC1, ZMIZ1, IFNG-AS1, PRKCB, SNX20, MAP3K8, CDYL2, CELSR3, NFATC1, ERAP2, ETS1, SP140, GPR183, FTO, TMBIM1, CRTC3, BSN, FERMT1, TET2, IL1RL1, IFNGR2, BANK1, ADCY7, PYGO2, CD226, SHC1, ADCY3, GALM, PLAU, S100A12, IFNG, IBD2, BACH2, ZNF831, PLA2G4A, EPHB4, CCDC26, THADA, CXCL8, PPARG, IL21, PSMG4, IL1RN, IL1B, IL1A, CDC42SE2, ERGIC1, RIT1, IL4, LINC01620, TEX41, SLAIN2, BRD2, C1orf141, EEF1AKMT2, DNMT3B, GRID2IP, IL9, RMI2, C17orf67, IL33, TSPAN14, GCKR, KIAA1109, MAML2, ZGPAT, MEFV, SMAD7, PUS10, GNA12, SLC39A11, LPP, IL12B, PLXNA4, IRF6, HGFAC, ZNF300, GPR18, LCN2, AMZ1, FAM171B, NLRP3, DENND1B, GALC, MTHFR, IPMK, DUSP16, ABCB1, IFIH1, PTK2B, DUPD1, UBAC2, ITPA, BTBD8, FEN1, NOTCH1, HMGB1, ANKRD55, NFKB1, IL17A, IL18, MYO9B, SEMA6D, CPEB4, HORMAD2, FOSL2, HLA-DQA2, NDFIP1, ATXN2, ZNF300P1, DAP, DAP3, BOK-AS1, SKAP2, NR1I2, RPSAP35, KSR1, ACAD8, SPATA48, LINC00484, CAMK2A, FOXP1, IL37, CUL1, GATD3A, CCND3, TUBD1, CD6, CD14, LINC00598, CD28, TRAF3IP2-AS1, VDR, DELEC1, UBE2L3, IL22, IMPG2, IBD5, FOXP3, MIR3936HG, SH2B1, PNKD, SPDEF, OSMR, RGS14, CIT, LINC02128, CDC37, TAB2-AS1, NOD1, ALB, GLYAT, ATXN2L, LINC02745, LINC00824, CRTC3-AS1, C5orf66, PARK7, SBNO2, SCAMP3, SH2B3, TAB2, TBC1D9, RTEL1-TNFRSF6B, TM9SF4, PHACTR2, ARSA, LITAF, FADS2, LPXN, DLG5, TPMT, SYN3, TP53, TLR2, CRP, TREM1, CDKAL1, C10orf55, SUFU, INTS11, IRF1-AS1, CTLA4, LRRC8D, CCR5, HDAC7, IL23A, TG, TIMP1, SLC22A5, TLR4, AHR, IBD3, NKX2-3, JAK2, CLDN2, TLR9, TAC1, SLC15A1, MIR155, MMP9, MIR21, COX2, DUOX2, DPP4, NOX1, IL15, HAMP, IL13, IRF5, HIF1A, CSF2, TLR5, LEP, MYDGF, F2, STAT6, IL17F, CCL2, MICA, PSC, MAPK1, HPGDS, CXCR4, MADCAM1, MPO, CYBB, GSTM1, NR3C1, TTC7A, S100A8, IGF1, BPI, NR0B1, MIR146A, GP2, IL17D, MPZ, PMP22, P2RX7, RIPK1, MBL2, AGT, MTCO2P12, IMPACT, CARD8, MIF, S100A9, LANCL1, CCR9, SIRT1, IL7, ACE, MIR223, SLC9A3, CXCL10, REG1A, RABEPK, DEFB4A, EBNA1BP2, MTFMT, HNF4A, DECR1, H3P28, MMP1, TACR1, ENTPD1, MYLK, MUC1, CD40, FCGR3A, CCR6, CAT, TP63, ARMH1, GH1, TFF3, IBD6, ARHGEF2, GUCY2C, GSTT1, LRBA, PSMD7, RPSA, KRT8, KRAS, TNFAIP6, OSM, TLR3, CCL11, SLCO6A1, AGR2, IL25, CX3CL1, VEGFA, PDCD1, ADIPOQ, WAS, NAT2, NFE2L2, RAC1, PROC, LYZ, TNFRSF25, MLH1, REG4, IL16, NLRP1, TCF4, SETD2, EBI3, PTGER4, IL11, S100B, VIP, SOAT1, MMP3, FGL2, ESR1, DEFB4B, BCL2, CD68, HGF, MTOR, FOLH1, FGF7, FCGR3B, AGER, HSPA4, DMBT1, F2RL1, EZH2, CD24, NPSR1, GSTK1, PI3, MMP2, VIPR1, CD44, MAPK8, EGF, TRAF6, GCG, CD1D, MMP13, TNFRSF1A, CEACAM5, CFTR, GBP1, TLR1, BEST1, XDH, GABPA, GJB2, IL19, AICDA, CD274, LTA, CASP3, CASP1, CXCR3, LGALS3, G6PC3, MBTPS1, CDKN2B-AS1, EGFR, TNFSF14, TIMP3, PTEN, BTNL2, SELENOP, PHB, REN, RORC, ATN1, LANCL2, DMD, PLA2G1B, MUC13, IL26, DEFB1, CCL5, SERPINE1, CXCL12, DSG2, TNFRSF11B, CHI3L1, SFTPD, NLRX1, CSF3, NM, PON1, MIR31, SOD1, GPX1, ERAP1, ADAM17, CNR1, TCF7L2, MUC5AC, TRPV4, CNR2, CUZD1, ACTB, HSPD1, DOCK11, CCND1, IL32, IL24, INSRR, IL2RB, IL4R, RBM45, RAB4B-EGLN2, MAST3, IL6ST, IRF4, NR4A1, TLR6, ITGAX, AGA, CXCR2, ISG20, PANX1, ITGAE, HLA-DPB1, EGLN2, IGFBP3, LINC02605, HMOX1, GSTM2, IFNA1, IFNA13, LINC-ROR, NR1I3, IFNGR1, CCL25, SLC52A1, BIRC3, CXCL11, CXCL5, CCN2, MIR200B, NAMPT, SDC1, CYP2D6, MIR19B1, PERCC1, AKT1, SELE, SELL, CX3CR1, SGK1, ALOX15, ALPI, MIR150, CYP3A4, FBXW7, IL1RL2, S100A4, CCL26, CXCR6, PRTN3, LILRB1, EDN1, ACACA, PTGS1, MIR122, IMMT, DUSP1, PTPN11, TNFSF13B, RAC2, ACP1, RETN, RAG2, RARRES2, SCN10A, REG1B, RELA, MIR126, RNASE3, SLC26A3, RIPK3, ADA, DNTT, ADORA2B, S100A1, MIR132, UBD, SAA1, ADORA3, MIR224, ST14, CSF1, SGSM3, CCK, TBX21, MSC, VWF, LONP1, SMIM25, MS4A1, CD207, EZR, VEGFC, VDAC1, VCAM1, SMUG1, LPAR3, ATF3, BCL3, FZD4, MAPK14, ULK1, ADAM15, HDAC3, SPHK1, BMI1, CAMP, BDNF, CLDN1, SLC16A4, TNFSF11, TCAP, IL17C, IKBKG, SLC16A3, CASP8, CASP9, ABCG2, AIM2, CDC42, HSP90B1, TFF1, GPR166P, TRBV20OR9-2, CMA1, VN1R17P, SLC23A1, TANK, SYT1, STATH, STAT1, RIPK2, CRH, SPP1, KLRK1, APOA4, MIR135B, AQP6, TFRC, TNFAIP3, MIR375, ARHGEF6, HSPA14, TNFRSF1B, TBPL1, CDKN2A, CDX2, CHGA, KLRC4-KLRK1, SATB2, CLOCK, TIMP2, TLR8, ACSBG1, ELANE, GPR151, MIR15A, PAEP, MMP14, HLA-C, RHBDF2, GPX2, MUL1, SLC11A2, MMP28, GPRC6A, MMP7, INPP5D, WNK1, IDO1, HSD11B1, PAK1, REG3A, PRRT2, GDNF, FFAR2, GEM, CELIAC2, PDE4A, IL13RA2, HP, GORASP1, GPBAR1, NOS3, MRGPRX4, ITGAM, KIR3DL1, KIR2DS1, MUC6, MUC4, MRGPRX1, CEACAM6, OXER1, JAK3, FN1, EGLN3, FPR2, CBLL2, NCF4, GAST, NEAT1, FHIT, GAPDH, IL22RA2, GC, MRGPRX3, MOG, NGF, KIF22, CLEC7A, PRKN, GJA1, HT, IGAN1, IL1F10, PKM, GPR3, LINC01193, MEP1A, PLG, HSP90AA1, IL6R, POMC, PIM1, PON2, LGR6, IL1R1, IRF8, IDH1, GLI1, GLB1, PRKCA, EPAS1, PIK3CD, MYD88, HSD11B2, CBLIF, GAS5, LGALS9, HSPA1A, MICB, F3, HSPA1B, F2R, C20orf181, SLC36A1, CHMP2B, MIR1260A, MYLK3, REXO2, MIR1246, RABGEF1, POLDIP2, GGTLC1, MIR3194, MCAT, IL36A, TIGIT, RNF19A, SUMF2, TSLP, TRIB2, PART1, CAVIN3, GGTLC3, MCTS1, MUC5B, CCR2, ATG16L2, GGT2, IBD8, IBD27, MUC16, ORMDL3, IBD20, MIR665, IBD15, MLKL, IL17B, DNAI1, VENTX, RNU1-1, PGAP3, SND1, REEP6, ADAMDEC1, B3GAT1, IBD21, ASXL1, IL36RN, TMEM201, NLRP12, NLRP6, FGF20, PHGDH, GGTLC4P, H3C9P, CPAMD8, DAB2IP, MIR4284, WIF1, SLC2A14, AKAP13, HPS5, ERVK-19, PACSIN2, ZPBP2, CBSL, LOC102724197, NRG4, SCN11A, ERVK-24, CBX3, CDAN1, ERVK-25, ZFP90, ERVK-18, ERVK-21, IRAK3, WBP4, LRRC3C, OR2AG1, TAAR1, EHD1, RNF183, SCLT1, STIN2-VNTR, RAB32, ACTRT1, SDS, MUC17, LILRB4, NEK7, SGPP2, ADAMTS13, EMILIN1, CD160, LAYN, WDHD1, CARMIL2, ATF6, IL34, DKK1, CBR3-AS1, ZNF281, SEC14L2, AGR3, PADI4, FCRL3, MYSM1, AMACR, LY96, PLA2G15, TMEFF2, TFIP11, TIRAP, IFNLR1, CLDN15, DBA2, SLC52A3, MIR595, CABIN1, SLC39A14, NXPE1, ERVK-9, SLC15A4, KIF21B, ERVK-10, FAM24B-CUZD1, COMMD1, MPRIP, ARL6IP1, LRG1, IBD11, MLC1, FKBP15, CCDC80, OCLN, TPSD1, SF3B1, C1GALT1C1, CCL4L1, H3P37, MIR18A, ATG9A, MIR192, UBE2Z, BATF3, KIF9-AS1, RAPH1, MIR185, NDRG4, BCL11B, USE1, AMBRA1, ATF7IP, MIR149, IFT122, FNDC4, PPP1R42, MIR148A, HCAR2, SLC9C1, CARD14, QRSL1, MIR196A2, RNF186, EGLN1, UGT1A1, MIR301A, MIR29A, PGP, AFTPH, MS4A12, MORC4, GSDMA, MIR22, MIR204, MARCHF1, CXCL17, STEAP4, ANKZF1, PBRM1, SELENOS, MIR142, CCDC88B, LINC01194, MIR124-1, TEPP, MIR10A, IBD7, IL31, RTN4, MIR106A, PRM3, SCAF1, GSDMB, KIR2DL5A, SENP7, CXCL16, MUC3B, TAOK1, ZNF410, MRTFA, PRX, FAM20C, DUSP22, MIR125A, SLC25A19, MIR141, DCLRE1C, FAM92B, DEFB103B, ACSS2, DIO3OS, NSFL1C, SLC39A8, SLC28A3, SLC6A19, STING1, PROK2, PARD3, ASAH2, TRIM39, RSPO2, DNAAF3, SMOX, KRT20, PYCARD, F11R, SCART1, CARD11, NPS, MIR505, IL20, IBD4, IL21R, MIR495, MIR146B, ERVK-7, MAGT1, KIR2DL5B, JAZF1, MALT1, SOST, EXOSC1, ADIPOR1, MIR425, FGD2, IL17REL, CRNDE, LTO1, CLEC2D, MYLK2, UHRF1, USP25, SNX10, GGTLC5P, SHANK3, CERS2, MDFIC, PILRA, RSPO3, SFTPA1, HAVCR2, NCF1, CD209, ACCS, TRIM63, EIF2A, BCL2L12, TOLLIP, ELOVL7, GDE1, KLF13, DEFB103A, MAGI3, IFNL2, MINDY3, MIR7-3, DUOX1, MIR7-2, ARHGAP24, MIR7-1, EIM, MIR34C, MIR320A, GSDMD, TREM2, SNIP1, TERF2IP, PIM3, FLAD1, TAC4, SCLY, VMP1, MIR374A, MAP1LC3B, MIR346, UNC5CL, NT5C3A, SGPP1, MIR148B, TLR7, NPL, TNFRSF12A, CRNKL1, PNPLA3, POP5, PPP1R2C, COMMD10, ISYNA1, ERVK-8, NAT1, HPSE, HLA-A, GPR4, GPER1, GPT, GRN, GTF2F1, GUCA2A, GUCA2B, GUSB, GZMB, GZMM, HADHA, HDAC2, HFE, HGD, HLA-DOA, GNAI2, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB5, HLA-G, SLC29A2, HPRT1, ERAS, HSPA1L, HSPA2, HSPB1, HSPB2, TNC, GNAO1, GLP1R, IQGAP2, FGB, ERF, ERN1, ESRRB, ETV5, ACSL1, FASN, FBN2, FCER2, FCGR1A, FCGR1B, FCGRT, FCN1, FCN2, FER, FGF2, GLI3, FGFR1, FGFR2, FOXO1, FOXO3, FLG, FLNB, FLT3LG, FTL, ACKR1, GATA3, KAT2A, GDF1, GGT1, GHSR, IAPP, ICA1, ICAM3, SMAD4, KNG1, KRT1, KRT7, KRT18, L1CAM, LGALS1, LGALS2, LGALS3BP, LIF, LMNA, LPL, LTA4H, LTB, SH2D1A, SMAD5, IDH2, MAN2A1, MCC, MDK, MGAT1, MGAT3, MGMT, CIITA, CD99, MIP, MLN, FOXO4, MMP8, MMP10, MMP12, KLK1, KIR3DS1, KIR3DL2, KIR2DS5, IDUA, IFI16, IFN1@, IFNAR1, IFNB1, IGF1R, IGFBP4, IKBKB, IL3, IL5, CXCR1, IL12A, IL12RB1, IL15RA, IMPDH1, ING1, IREB2, IRF1, ITGA2B, ITGB1, ITGB2, ITGB3, ITIH1, ITIH2, ITIH3, JAK1, KCNN4, KCNQ2, KIR2DL2, ERBB4, ERBB2, EPO, CALCA, CFB, BMP1, BMP2, BMP7, BRCA1, BRAF, BTG1, TSPO, C3, C4B, VPS51, CA2, SLC25A20, CAD, CALCR, TNFSF8, CALR, CAMK4, CAST, CASP7, CASR, CBFA2T3, CBR1, CBS, KYAT1, CCNE1, CD3G, CD19, CD80, CD86, BDKRB2, TNFRSF17, AVP, ATF4, AOC1, ACHE, ADCYAP1, ADM, AFP, AHSG, AIF1, ALCAM, ALOX5, ALPP, AMCN, ANGPT2, ANXA1, ANXA2, AIRE, BIRC2, APOA1, AQP8, APOE, KLK3, FAS, AQP3, AQP5, AQP9, AREG, ARRB2, STS, ARSF, ASCL2, TNFRSF8, CD36, STX2, HBEGF, CYP27B1, CD55, DBH, DBP, DCC, DDX3X, DEFA6, DGUOK, DLD, DMRT1, DNAH5, DNMT1, DRD2, TSC22D3, DVL1, CD38, ECM1, S1PR1, EEF1A1, EGR1, ELF1, ELK3, ELK4, CTTN, ENO1, SLC29A1, EPHB1, EPHB2, EPHX1, EPHX2, CUX1, CTSG, CTNNB1, CTF1, CD47, CD59, CD70, CDH1, CDK9, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CDKN2B, CES1, CGA, CHRNA5, CLCN5, CCR3, LTB4R, CMM, CNGA1, COL1A1, KLF6, COX8A, CLDN4, CPOX, CPT1A, CRK, CRX, CRYAB, CSF1R, CSF2RA, CSF3R, VCAN, MMP19, MNAT1, MPG, PIR, FOSL1, GPR68, SLC7A5, CDR3, MIA, NRIP1, BAS, AXIN1, EOMES, PLA2G6, STK24, DHX16, PPM1D, HAT1, PIAS1, PHOX2B, USO1, RNASET2, HYAL2, S1PR4, TNK1, TNFRSF14, CES2, GMPS, SOCS2, CCN4, KAT2B, APLN, PER3, PER2, CCDC6, AIMP2, LST1, ZNF133, TFF2, TGFA, TGFB2, TGFBR2, TIAL1, TJP1, TP73, TPH1, TRAF1, TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF5, TST, TUFM, TNFSF4, TNFRSF4, TXK, TYROBP, TYRP1, UBC, UBE2I, UCP2, VCL, VIM, TRPV1, WARS1, WNT1, YWHAE, ZFP36, MTMR3, HSPB3, TERF2, NDRG1, HDAC6, PDCD6IP, IL18BP, PTPRU, ARPC2, LRPPRC, OPTN, ABI2, SLC25A15, POP7, ABCC4, IGSF6, TNIP1, TRIM22, RACK1, PGLYRP1, FST, NXF1, APPBP2, FBLN5, IPO8, OLFM4, SCGN, AHSA1, USP16, PDPN, POSTN, AVIL, CORIN, CERS1, NR1H4, USP15, WDR1, FCHSD2, NOL3, SOCS3, PSTPIP1, CLDN8, LATS1, MTA2, MAGI1, GPR55, S1PR2, CD163, SLIT2, SLC9A3R1, KIF3B, PLAA, COX5A, CD101, GRAP2, NTN1, GSTO1, EIF2AK3, ROCK2, PTGES, CXCL14, CCL4L2, PDIA4, SOCS5, HDAC4, ZEB2, ZBTB24, TERT, TEK, MRC1, PLAT, PDZK1, PECAM1, PEPD, PF4, CFP, PGA5, PGGT1B, SLC25A3, SERPINE2, PIGA, PIK3C3, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CG, PLEK, PSMA7, PON3, POU2F1, PPARA, PPIA, PRF1, PRKAA1, PRKAA2, PRKAB1, MAPK3, EIF2AK2, PRNP, PSPN, HTRA1, PSAP, PDYN, PDGFB, PDC, PCBD1, MSD, COX1, MTR, RNR1, MTX1, MUC3A, MUSK, MYC, MYH10, NCAM1, NCF2, NEDD8, NELL1, NFKBIA, NOS1, NPY, NPR1, NPR3, NPY2R, NTRK1, NTS, NTSR1, ODC1, OPRM1, P2RX5, P4HB, PAFAH1B1, PAPPA, PC, PSG5, PSMD4, TCOF1, SUMO2, SLC2A3, SLC2A5, SLC3A2, SLC6A2, SLC6A4, SLC6A9, SLC7A2, SLC9A1, SLC9A2, SLC16A1, SLCO2A1, SLC22A1, SMS, SUMO3, SNCA, PSMD10, SOD3, TRIM21, RO60, SST, ST2, STAT5A, STAT5B, SULT1E1, SYK, TACR2, TAL1, TBP, TCEA1, TCF21, SI, SHBG, SGCG, SRSF1, PTAFR, PTCH1, PTGDS, PTPRC, PTPRH, PTPRS, PTPRZ1, MOK, RAP1A, RAPSN, RBM3, REL, RNASE2, RNF5, RNU1-4, ROS1, RPLP0, RPLP2, S100A10, SAA2, SAA3P, CLEC11A, CCL4, CCL7, CCL14, CCL15, CCL17, CCL22, SELP, PRDX2
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Erythromelalgia
Wikipedia
Diagnosis [ edit ] See also: Burning feet syndrome Erythromelalgia is a difficult condition to diagnose as there are no specific tests available. ... "Erythromelalgia: A hereditary pain syndrome enters the molecular era". Annals of Neurology . 57 (6): 785–8. doi : 10.1002/ana.20511 . ... S2CID 32805160 . ^ Diaz, James H. (February 2005). "Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings". ... "Erythermalgia (erythromelalgia) of the extremities. A syndrome characterized by redness, heat and pain". ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : I73.8 ICD - 9-CM : 443.82 OMIM : 133020 MeSH : D004916 DiseasesDB : 4476 External resources eMedicine : article/200071 v t e Cardiovascular disease (vessels) Arteries , arterioles and capillaries Inflammation Arteritis Aortitis Buerger's disease Peripheral artery disease Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Foam cell Fatty streak Atheroma Intermittent claudication Critical limb ischemia Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis Arteriolosclerosis Hyaline Hyperplastic Cholesterol LDL Oxycholesterol Trans fat Stenosis Carotid artery stenosis Renal artery stenosis Other Aortoiliac occlusive disease Degos disease Erythromelalgia Fibromuscular dysplasia Raynaud's phenomenon Aneurysm / dissection / pseudoaneurysm torso : Aortic aneurysm Abdominal aortic aneurysm Thoracic aortic aneurysm Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva Aortic dissection Aortic rupture Coronary artery aneurysm head / neck Intracranial aneurysm Intracranial berry aneurysm Carotid artery dissection Vertebral artery dissection Familial aortic dissection Vascular malformation Arteriovenous fistula Arteriovenous malformation Telangiectasia Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Vascular nevus Cherry hemangioma Halo nevus Spider angioma Veins Inflammation Phlebitis Venous thrombosis / Thrombophlebitis primarily lower limb Deep vein thrombosis abdomen Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Budd–Chiari syndrome May–Thurner syndrome Portal vein thrombosis Renal vein thrombosis upper limb / torso Mondor's disease Paget–Schroetter disease head Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Post-thrombotic syndrome Varicose veins Gastric varices Portacaval anastomosis Caput medusae Esophageal varices Hemorrhoid Varicocele Other Chronic venous insufficiency Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency Superior vena cava syndrome Inferior vena cava syndrome Venous ulcer Arteries or veins Angiopathy Macroangiopathy Microangiopathy Embolism Pulmonary embolism Cholesterol embolism Paradoxical embolism Thrombosis Vasculitis Blood pressure Hypertension Hypertensive heart disease Hypertensive emergency Hypertensive nephropathy Essential hypertension Secondary hypertension Renovascular hypertension Benign hypertension Pulmonary hypertension Systolic hypertension White coat hypertension Hypotension Orthostatic hypotension v t e Diseases of ion channels Calcium channel Voltage-gated CACNA1A Familial hemiplegic migraine 1 Episodic ataxia 2 Spinocerebellar ataxia type-6 CACNA1C Timothy syndrome Brugada syndrome 3 Long QT syndrome 8 CACNA1F Ocular albinism 2 CSNB2A CACNA1S Hypokalemic periodic paralysis 1 Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis 1 CACNB2 Brugada syndrome 4 Ligand gated RYR1 Malignant hyperthermia Central core disease RYR2 CPVT1 ARVD2 Sodium channel Voltage-gated SCN1A Familial hemiplegic migraine 3 GEFS+ 2 Febrile seizure 3A SCN1B Brugada syndrome 6 GEFS+ 1 SCN4A Hypokalemic periodic paralysis 2 Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis Paramyotonia congenita Potassium-aggravated myotonia SCN4B Long QT syndrome 10 SCN5A Brugada syndrome 1 Long QT syndrome 3 SCN9A Erythromelalgia Febrile seizure 3B Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder Congenital insensitivity to pain Constitutively active SCNN1B / SCNN1G Liddle's syndrome SCNN1A / SCNN1B / SCNN1G Pseudohypoaldosteronism 1AR Potassium channel Voltage-gated KCNA1 Episodic ataxia 1 KCNA5 Familial atrial fibrillation 7 KCNC3 Spinocerebellar ataxia type-13 KCNE1 Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome Long QT syndrome 5 KCNE2 Long QT syndrome 6 KCNE3 Brugada syndrome 5 KCNH2 Short QT syndrome KCNQ1 Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome Romano–Ward syndrome Short QT syndrome Long QT syndrome 1 Familial atrial fibrillation 3 KCNQ2 BFNS1 Inward-rectifier KCNJ1 Bartter syndrome 2 KCNJ2 Andersen–Tawil syndrome Long QT syndrome 7 Short QT syndrome KCNJ11 TNDM3 KCNJ18 Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis 2 Chloride channel CFTR Cystic fibrosis Congenital absence of the vas deferens CLCN1 Thomsen disease Myotonia congenita CLCN5 Dent's disease CLCN7 Osteopetrosis A2, B4 BEST1 Vitelliform macular dystrophy CLCNKB Bartter syndrome 3 TRP channel TRPC6 FSGS2 TRPML1 Mucolipidosis type IV Connexin GJA1 Oculodentodigital dysplasia Hallermann–Streiff syndrome Hypoplastic left heart syndrome GJB1 Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease X1 GJB2 Keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness syndrome Ichthyosis hystrix Bart–Pumphrey syndrome Vohwinkel syndrome ) GJB3 / GJB4 Erythrokeratodermia variabilis Progressive symmetric erythrokeratodermia GJB6 Clouston's hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia Porin AQP2 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 2 See also: ion channels
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Electrolyte Imbalance
Wikipedia
Severe electrolyte imbalances must be treated carefully as there are risks with overcorrecting too quickly, which can result in arrhythmias, brain herniation, or refeeding syndrome depending on the cause of imbalance. [4] [5] [6] Contents 1 General function 2 Sodium 2.1 Hypernatremia 2.1.1 Causes 2.1.2 Symptoms 2.1.3 Treatment 2.2 Hyponatremia 2.2.1 Causes 2.2.2 Symptoms 2.2.3 Treatment 3 Potassium 3.1 Hyperkalemia 3.1.1 Causes 3.1.2 Symptoms 3.1.3 Treatment 3.2 Hypokalemia 3.2.1 Causes 3.2.2 Symptoms 3.2.3 Treatment 4 Calcium 4.1 Hypercalcemia 4.1.1 Causes 4.1.2 Symptoms 4.1.3 Treatment 4.2 Hypocalcemia 4.2.1 Causes 4.2.2 Symptoms 4.2.3 Treatment 5 Magnesium 5.1 Hypermagnesemia 5.1.1 Causes 5.1.2 Symptoms 5.1.3 Treatment 5.2 Hypomagnesemia 5.2.1 Causes 5.2.2 Symptoms 5.2.3 Treatment 6 Chloride 6.1 Hyperchloremia 6.1.1 Causes 6.1.2 Symptoms 6.1.3 Treatment 6.2 Hypochloremia 6.2.1 Causes 6.2.2 Symptoms 6.2.3 Treatment 7 Dietary sources 7.1 Sodium 7.2 Potassium 7.3 Calcium 7.4 Magnesium 8 See also 9 References 10 External links General function [ edit ] Electrolytes are important because they are what cells (especially nerve , heart and muscle cells) use to maintain voltages across their cell membranes . ... This can be caused by diabetes insipidus , renal disease, hypothalamic dysfunction , sickle cell disease , and certain drugs. [3] The third is increased total body sodium which is caused by increased ingestion, Conn's syndrome , or Cushing's syndrome . [3] Symptoms [ edit ] Symptoms of hypernatremia may vary depending on type and how quickly the electrolyte disturbance developed. [9] Common symptoms are dehydration, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, increased thirst, excess urination. ... Only 1-4% of patients experience levels lower than 130 mEq/L. [10] Causes [ edit ] Hyponatremia has many causes including heart failure , chronic kidney disease , liver disease , treatment with thiazide diuretics, psychogenic polydipsia , syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion . [3] It can also be found in the postoperative state, and in the setting of accidental water intoxication as can be seen with intense exercise. [3] Common causes in pediatric patients may be diarrheal illness, frequent feedings with dilute formula, water intoxication via excessive consumption, and enemas . [3] pseudohyponatremia is a false low sodium reading that can be caused by high levels of fats or proteins in the blood. [10] [3] Dilutional hyponatremia can happen in diabetics as high glucose levels pull water into the blood stream causing the sodium concentration to be lower. [10] [3] Diagnosis of the cause of hyponatremia relies on three factors: volume status, plasma osmolality , urine sodium levels and urine osmolality . [10] [3] Symptoms [ edit ] Many individuals with mild hyponatremia will not experience symptoms. Severity of symptoms is directly correlated with severity of hyponatremia and rapidness of onset. [3] General symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, confusion, agitation, and weakness. [10] [3] More concerning symptoms involve the central nervous system and include seizures, coma, and death due to brain herniation . [10] [3] These usually do not occur until sodium levels fall below 120 mEq/L. [3] Treatment [ edit ] Considerations for treatment include symptom severity, time to onset, volume status, underlying cause, and sodium levels. [10] If the sodium level is <120 mEq/L, the person can be treated with hypertonic saline as extremely low levels are associated with severe neurological symptoms. [10] In non-emergent situations, it is important to correct the sodium slowly to minimize risk of osmotic demyelination syndrome. [10] [3] If a person has low total body water and low sodium they are typically given fluids. [3] If a person has high total body water (such as due to heart failure or kidney disease) they may be placed on fluid restriction, salt restriction, and treated with a diuretic . [3] If a person has a normal volume of total body water, they may be placed on fluid restriction alone. [3] Potassium [ edit ] Potassium resides mainly inside the cells of the body, so its concentration in the blood can range anywhere from 3.5 mEq/L to 5 mEq/L. [10] The kidneys are responsible for excreting the majority of potassium from the body. [10] This means their function is crucial for maintaining a proper balance of potassium in the blood stream. ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : E86 - E87 ICD - 9-CM : 276 MeSH : D014883 v t e Electrolyte imbalances Sodium High Salt poisoning Low Hypotonic Isotonic Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome Potassium High Low Chloride High Low Calcium High Low Symptoms and signs Chvostek sign Trousseau sign Milk-alkali syndrome Disorders of calcium metabolism Calcinosis ( Calciphylaxis , Calcinosis cutis ) Calcification ( Metastatic calcification , Dystrophic calcification ) Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Phosphate High Low Magnesium High Low
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Drugs In Pregnancy
Wikipedia
Some of the consequences on the babies include physical abnormalities, higher risk of stillbirth, neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and others. [7] Contents 1 Medications 1.1 Medications used to treat diabetes 1.2 Pain Medications 1.2.1 Acetaminophen 1.2.2 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) 1.2.3 Aspirin 1.2.4 Pain medications containing opioids 1.3 Anticonvulsant medications 1.4 Antacids 1.5 Anticoagulants 1.5.1 Warfarin 1.5.2 Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) 1.5.3 Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) 1.5.4 Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) 1.6 Antidiarrheal 1.7 Antihistamines 1.8 Anti-hypertensives 1.9 Decongestants 2 Dietary supplements 3 Illicit and recreational drugs 3.1 Alcohol 3.2 Caffeine 3.3 Cannabis 3.4 Cocaine 3.5 Methamphetamine 3.6 Opioids 3.7 Tobacco 4 Pregnancy categories 5 References 6 Further reading Medications [ edit ] Some medications can cause harm to the unborn baby, but in some instances the benefits may outweigh the risks to the baby or mother. ... If heartburn appears after 20 weeks of gestational age or is severe and persistent, this can indicate other conditions including HELLP syndrome and preeclampsia . [18] Common antacids include aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide (Maalox) and calcium carbonate (Tums). ... The most severe form of FASD is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). This used to be the only diagnosis for fetal disorders due to alcohol consumption, but the term was broadened to a "spectrum" due to the variety of abnormalities observed in newborns. ... Opioid use during pregnancy may cause adverse outcomes for the women and unborn child. [12] Women who abuse opioids during pregnancy are at a higher risk for premature birth, lower birth weight, still birth, specific birth defects, and withdrawal ( neonatal abstinence syndrome ). [12] Opioids can cross the placenta and the blood brain barrier to the fetus. [53] Opioid abuse is the main cause of neonatal abstinence syndrome , which is where the baby experiences withdrawals from the drug they were exposed to during the pregnancy. ... Other health concerns tobacco poses are premature birth, low birth weight, and an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) of up to three times compared to infants not exposed to tobacco. [56] Smoking and pregnancy, combined, cause twice the risk of premature rupture of membranes , placental abruption and placenta previa .
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Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity
Wikipedia
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF), Electrohypersensitivity (EHS), Electro-sensitivity, Electrical sensitivity (ES), Wi-Fi allergy Pseudomedical diagnosis Risks Nocebo This article is part of a series on Alternative medicine General information Alternative medicine Alternative veterinary medicine Quackery (Health fraud) History of alternative medicine Rise of modern medicine Pseudoscience Antiscience Skepticism Skeptical movement National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Terminology of alternative medicine Therapeutic nihilism Fringe medicine and science Acupressure Acupuncture Alkaline diet Anthroposophic medicine Apitherapy Applied kinesiology Aromatherapy Auriculotherapy Bates method Black salve Bodywork Bonesetter Bowen technique Breathwork Fake COVID-19 treatments Cancer treatments Charcoal cleanse Chiropractic Chiropractic treatment techniques Vertebral subluxation Christian Science Chromotherapy Colon cleansing Coffee enema Colorpuncture Colloidal silver Craniosacral therapy Crystal healing Cupping therapy Dental amalgam controversy Detoxification Foot detox Ear candling Energy medicine Esoteric energy Therapeutic touch Fabunan Antiviral Injection Facilitated communication Feldenkrais Method Functional medicine Hair analysis Herbal medicine Holistic dentistry Hologram bracelet Homeopathy Bach flower remedies Biological terrain assessment Hypnotherapy Iridology Ionized jewelry Jilly Juice Lightning Process Lymphotherapy Medical intuitive Mesmerism Magnet therapy Manual therapy Megavitamin therapy Mind–body interventions MMS Myofascial release NAET Naturopathy Oil pulling Orgone Orthomolecular medicine Orthopathy Osteomyology Osteopathy Ozone therapy Parapsychology Phrenology Psychic surgery Psychodermatology Radionics Rapid prompting method RBOP Reiki Reflexology Rolfing Scientific racism ThetaHealing Thought Field Therapy Urophagia Vaginal steaming Vision therapy Vitalism Young blood transfusion Zero balancing Conspiracy theories ( list ) Big Pharma conspiracy theory HIV/AIDS denialism OPV AIDS hypothesis Anti-vaccination Vaccines and autism MMR vaccine and autism Water fluoridation controversy GMO conspiracy theories Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic Classifications Alternative medical systems Mind–body intervention Biologically-based therapy Manipulative methods Energy therapy Traditional medicine African Muti Southern Africa Ayurveda Ayurvedic acupressure Dosha Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health Balneotherapy Brazilian Bush medicine Cambodian Chinese Blood stasis Chinese herbology Dit Da Gua sha Gill plate trade Meridian Moxibustion Pressure point Qi San Jiao Tui na Zang-fu Chumash Curandero Faith healing Iranian Jamu Kambo Japanese Korean Mien Shiang Mongolian Prophetic medicine Shamanism Shiatsu Siddha Sri Lankan Thai massage Tibetan Unani Vietnamese Diagnoses Adrenal fatigue Aerotoxic syndrome Candida hypersensitivity Chronic Lyme disease Electromagnetic hypersensitivity Heavy legs Leaky gut syndrome Multiple chemical sensitivity Wilson's temperature syndrome v t e Electromagnetic hypersensitivity ( EHS ) is a claimed sensitivity to electromagnetic fields , to which negative symptoms are attributed. ... In severe cases such symptoms can be a real and sometimes disabling problem for the affected person, causing psychological distress. [8] There is no scientific basis to link such symptoms to electromagnetic field exposure. [1] The prevalence of some reported symptoms is geographically or culturally dependent and does not imply "a causal relationship between symptoms and attributed exposure". [11] [12] Many such reported symptoms overlap with other syndromes known as symptom-based conditions , functional somatic syndromes , and IEI ( idiopathic environmental intolerance ). [11] Those reporting electromagnetic hypersensitivity will usually describe different levels of susceptibility to electric fields , magnetic fields , and various frequencies of electromagnetic waves . ... "Advocacy For A Cognitive Approach To Electrohypersensitivity Syndrome". Skeptical Inquirer . Vol. 44 no. 1. ... AMC. ^ Script of Episode, Slip External links [ edit ] Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Energy and Health: Research Needs from the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) (Technical Report 178 – published June 2017) v t e Pseudoscience Terminology Cargo cult science Charlatan Crank Fringe theory Fringe science Pseudoarchaeology Pseudohistory Junk science Paranormal Pathological science Quackery Snake oil Crocodile oil Superseded scientific theory True-believer syndrome Voodoo Science Topics characterized as pseudoscience 2012 phenomenon Acupuncture Adrenal fatigue Alchemy Alternative medicine Ancient astronauts Anthroposophic medicine Applied kinesiology Aquatic ape hypothesis Astrology Bates method Biodynamic agriculture Biorhythms Bloodletting Body memory Catastrophism Chiropractic Chromotherapy Conspiracy theory 5G conspiracy 9/11 conspiracy theories Chemtrail conspiracy theory Climate change denial Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic Moon landing conspiracy theories Conversion therapy Correactology Creation science Cryonics Cryptozoology Crystal healing Cupping Detoxification Colon cleansing Dianetics Doctrine of signatures Doktor Koster's Antigaspills Dowsing Ear candling Electromagnetic hypersensitivity Electronic voice phenomenon Eugenics Facilitated communication Feng shui Flat Earth theory Germ theory denialism Graphology HIV/AIDS denialism Hollow Earth theory Homeopathy Humorism Indigo children Intelligent design Japhetic theory Levitation Lunar effect Lysenkoism Magnet therapy Mediumship Miracle Mineral Supplement Naturopathy Nazi archaeology Nibiru cataclysm Numerology Orgone Palmistry Panchagavya Patent medicine Perpetual motion Phrenology Polygraph Primal therapy Pseudoarchaeology Pseudohistory Genocide denial Historical negationism Holocaust denial Pseudoscientific metrology Psychohistory Quantum mysticism Rapid prompting method Recovered-memory therapy Reiki Scientific racism Aryan race Melanin theory Statement analysis Trepanning Ufology Vertebral subluxation Voice stress analysis Water memory Promoters of pseudoscience Sucharit Bhakdi Deepak Chopra Gaia, Inc.
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Bone Fracture
Wikipedia
Complications [ edit ] An old fracture with nonunion of the fracture fragments Some fractures may lead to serious complications including a condition known as compartment syndrome . If not treated, eventually, compartment syndrome may require amputation of the affected limb. ... Immediate Early Late Systemic Hypovolaemic shock Systemic Hypovolaemic shock ARDS – Adult respiratory distress syndrome Fat embolism syndrome Deep vein thrombosis Pulmonary syndrome Aseptic traumatic fever Sepsis (in open fracture ) Crush syndrome Imperfect union of the fracture Delayed union Non-union Malunion Cross union Local Injury to major vessels Injury to muscles and tendons Injury to joints Injury to viscera Local Infection Compartment syndrome Others Avascular necrosis Shortening Joint stiffness Sudeck's dystrophy Osteomyelitis Ischaemic contracture Myositis ossificans Osteoarthritis Pathophysiology [ edit ] Main article: Bone healing The natural process of healing a fracture starts when the injured bone and surrounding tissues bleed, forming a fracture hematoma . ... Authoritative information in orthopaedic surgery American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) Radiographic Atlas of Fracture v t e Fractures and cartilage damage General Avulsion fracture Chalkstick fracture Greenstick fracture Open fracture Pathologic fracture Spiral fracture Head Basilar skull fracture Blowout fracture Mandibular fracture Nasal fracture Le Fort fracture of skull Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture Zygoma fracture Spinal fracture Cervical fracture Jefferson fracture Hangman's fracture Flexion teardrop fracture Clay-shoveler fracture Burst fracture Compression fracture Chance fracture Holdsworth fracture Ribs Rib fracture Sternal fracture Shoulder fracture Clavicle Scapular Arm fracture Humerus fracture : Proximal Supracondylar Holstein–Lewis fracture Forearm fracture : Ulna fracture Monteggia fracture Hume fracture Radius fracture / Distal radius Galeazzi Colles' Smith's Barton's Essex-Lopresti fracture Hand fracture Scaphoid Rolando Bennett's Boxer's Busch's Pelvic fracture Duverney fracture Pipkin fracture Leg Tibia fracture : Bumper fracture Segond fracture Gosselin fracture Toddler's fracture Pilon fracture Plafond fracture Tillaux fracture Fibular fracture : Maisonneuve fracture Le Fort fracture of ankle Bosworth fracture Combined tibia and fibula fracture : Trimalleolar fracture Bimalleolar fracture Pott's fracture Crus fracture : Patella fracture Femoral fracture : Hip fracture Foot fracture Lisfranc Jones March Calcaneal v t e Trauma Principles Polytrauma Major trauma Traumatology Triage Resuscitation Trauma triad of death Assessment Clinical prediction rules Revised Trauma Score Injury Severity Score Abbreviated Injury Scale NACA score Investigations Diagnostic peritoneal lavage Focused assessment with sonography for trauma Management Principles Advanced trauma life support Trauma surgery Trauma center Trauma team Damage control surgery Early appropriate care Procedures Resuscitative thoracotomy Pathophysiology Injury MSK Bone fracture Joint dislocation Degloving Soft tissue injury Resp Flail chest Pneumothorax Hemothorax Diaphragmatic rupture Pulmonary contusion Cardio Internal bleeding Thoracic aorta injury Cardiac tamponade GI Blunt kidney trauma Ruptured spleen Neuro Penetrating head injury Traumatic brain injury Intracranial hemorrhage Mechanism Blast injury Blunt trauma Burn Penetrating trauma Crush injury Stab wound Ballistic trauma Electrocution Region Abdominal trauma Chest trauma Facial trauma Head injury Spinal cord injury Demographic Geriatric trauma Pediatric trauma Complications Posttraumatic stress disorder Wound healing Acute lung injury Crush syndrome Rhabdomyolysis Compartment syndrome Contracture Volkmann's contracture Embolism air fat Chronic traumatic encephalopathy Subcutaneous emphysema Authority control GND : 4031318-9 LCCN : sh85051155 NDL : 00566749
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Fecal Incontinence
Wikipedia
Abnormal descent manifests as descending perineum syndrome (>4 cm perineal descent). [6] This syndrome initially gives constipation, and later FI. ... The various types of pelvic organ prolapse (e.g. external rectal prolapse , mucosal prolapse and internal rectal intussusception & solitary rectal ulcer syndrome ) may also cause coexisting obstructed defecation . [ citation needed ] Rectum [ edit ] The rectum needs to be of a sufficient volume to store stool until defecation. ... Chronic conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome or Crohn's disease , can cause severe diarrhea lasting for weeks or months. ... Other severity scales include: AMS, Pescatori, Williams score, Kirwan, Miller score, Saint Mark's score and the Vaizey scale. [5] Differential diagnosis [ edit ] FI may present with signs similar to rectal discharge (e.g. fistulae, proctitis or rectal prolapse), pseudoincontinence, encopresis (with no organic cause) and irritable bowel syndrome. [5] Management [ edit ] See also: Bowel management Stool consistency Cause First line Second line Diarrhea Inflammatory Anti-inflammatory drugs Constipating drugs Pseudodiarrhea Encopresis Laxatives Lavage Solid Pelvic floor Biofeedback Sacral nerve stimulation Sphincter intact Sacral nerve stimulation Lavage Sphincter rupture Anal repair Sacral nerve stimulation/Neosphincter Anal atresia Lavage Neosphincter Rectal prolapse Rectopexy Perineal resection Soiling Keyhole defect Lavage PTQ implant FI is generally treatable with conservative management, surgery or both. [5] The success of treatment depends upon the exact causes and how easily these are corrected. [7] Treatment choice depends on the cause and severity of disease, and the motivation and general health of the person effected. ... This enables control over the time and place of evacuation and development of a consistent bowel routine. [35] However, persistent leaking of residual irrigation fluid during the day may occur and make this option unhelpful, particularly in persons with obstructed defecation syndrome who may have incomplete evacuation of any rectal contents.TBX1, ZFYVE26, TBCD, HIRA, UFD1, VCP, USP7, TP63, SEC24C, LRIG2, SLC9A6, NOP56, ATP13A2, DSTYK, SLC16A2, FLVCR1, DACT1, GATAD2B, HPSE2, IRF2BPL, FA2H, FUZ, SPG11, VANGL1, C19orf12, HGSNAT, ABCD1, JMJD1C, GP1BB, B2M, BCR, ARVCF, COMT, CRKL, ARSA, FMR1, SGSH, ISL1, KMT2A, NAGLU, PLP1, MAPK1, PSAP, RREB1, RTN2, SALL1, SCN4A, SCN8A, ADGRB2, PAEP, AMBP, CREB3L1, ARMC9, SLC6A8, CALCR, CALR, DNMT3B, RYBP, AKR1A1, ACHE
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Uterine Fibroid
Wikipedia
If a mother had fibroids, risk in the daughter is about three times higher than average. [14] Black women have a 3-9 times increased chance of developing uterine fibroids than white women. [15] Only a few specific genes or cytogenetic deviations are associated with fibroids. [16] 80-85% of fibroids have a mutation in the mediator complex subunit 12 ( MED12 ) gene. [17] [18] Familial leiomyomata [ edit ] Further information: Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer A syndrome ( Reed's syndrome ) that causes uterine leiomyomata along with cutaneous leiomyomata and renal cell cancer has been reported. [19] [20] [21] This is associated with a mutation in the gene that produces the enzyme fumarate hydratase , located on the long arm of chromosome 1 (1q42.3-43). ... Known risk factors are African descent, obesity , polycystic ovary syndrome , diabetes , hypertension , and never having given birth . [29] It is believed that estrogen and progesterone have a mitogenic effect on leiomyoma cells and also act by influencing (directly and indirectly) a large number of growth factors , cytokines and apoptotic factors as well as other hormones. ... Should there be an uncertain diagnosis after ultrasounds and MRI imaging, surgery is generally indicated. [ citation needed ] Other imaging techniques that may be helpful specifically in the evaluation of lesions that affect the uterine cavity are hysterosalpingography or sonohysterography . [ citation needed ] A very large (9 cm) fibroid of the uterus which is causing pelvic congestion syndrome as seen on CT A very large (9 cm) fibroid of the uterus which is causing pelvic congestion syndrome as seen on ultrasound A relatively large submucosal leiomyoma; it fills out the major part of the endometrial cavity A small uterine fibroid seen within the wall of the myometrium on a cross-sectional ultrasound view Two calcified fibroids (in the uterus) A subserosal uterine fibroid with a diameter of 5 centimeters. ... In very rare cases, malignant (cancerous) growths, leiomyosarcoma , of the myometrium can develop. [37] In extremely rare cases uterine fibroids may present as part or early symptom of the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome. Treatment [ edit ] Most fibroids do not require treatment unless they are causing symptoms. ... "Morphologic Features of Uterine Leiomyomas Associated with Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome". The American Journal of Surgical Pathology . 35 (8): 1235–1237. doi : 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318223ca01 .TSC2, HMGA2, ESR1, SMAD3, SFRP1, WNT5B, INHBA, FH, TP53, BET1L, TNRC6B, CCDC57, KANK1, SCFD2, DNAH2, NEK10, PTPRR, NIPAL1, SULT1B1, C11orf65, DNM3, MSH3, ZNF346, SIRT3, CYP19A1, CTNNB1, SYNE1, PGR, IGF1, POGLUT3, LNX1, IGF2, STN1, CSMD1, RIC8A, HK3, MCM8, ACTRT3, SLC7A3, SLC66A3, SLAIN2, MRTFA, NLGN2, COG6, ITPR1, FOXO1, CDC42, WNT4, CDC73, PDLIM5, CD6, TNFSF13, MIR3681HG, LINC00598, ATM, BABAM2, TGFB3, TNFSF12-TNFSF13, MED12, GREB1, COMT, KIT, FN1, AR, VCAN, ESR2, VEGFA, BCL2, EGF, TNF, DES, CDKN2A, MMRN1, ACTB, CYP17A1, AKT1, FGF2, KAT6B, TGFB1, CYP1B1, CUX1, CYP1A1, EDN1, HOXA10, MDM2, PDGFRB, PRL, GPER1, IFI27, CXCL8, RAD51B, GSTM1, KANSL1, CYP2B6, H3P23, MIR197, CCND1, TMED7, BAX, TMED7-TICAM2, MIR200C, DCTN6, HPSE2, CCN1, KRAS, ALK, XRCC1, EPO, ALDH1A1, HMGA1, PTGS2, DNMT1, DPT, EGR1, PSMD9, EGFR, CD34, ZNRD2, PLAG1, SMUG1, TICAM2, PCNA, MIR29C, IL1B, IL2, MYLK, SMN2, IL4, SPIN1, HTC2, TSHZ1, SQSTM1, XRCC3, SMN1, PPARG, INSR, SLPI, ATG7, IL18R1, IGFBP3, IGFBP2, MAPK3, PTCH1, PIK3CG, ITGAV, PIK3CD, SMAD4, DLEC1, PTEN, NOS3, MED13, MMP2, SERPINE1, PBX3, SRF, MCL1, SMAD7, RELA, PTTG1, SMAD2, LGALS3, LEP, RTN4, EBI3, PIK3CA, TXN, PPIG, SHBG, PIK3CB, CD274, H3P10, KLF11, MUC16, GJA1, MSTN, MTOR, FMOD, BCR, FASN, EZH2, EWSR1, EDNRB, CALD1, CASP3, CAV1, ATN1, DNMT3A, MIR21, CDH1, ACE, CDK2, CCN2, CDK8, CDKN1A, COL4A6, COL4A5, ANGPT2, COL1A1, HIF1A, PRLHR, AKT2, CD24, HSD17B1, GNRHR, GNRH1, HSD17B2, MIR29B2, CCN5, COG5, FST, NCOA2, POSTN, BET1, RNA5SP202, MIR29B1, MIR29A, PGR-AS1, MIR221, TNFSF9, MTCO2P12, HOTAIR, SPINT2, KHDRBS1, TNFSF10, EBP, NFAT5, NES, WASF3, TRADD, FERMT2, BECN1, SDS, SLC27A4, MIR182, AKAP13, NCOA1, LOC110806263, RAD50, MIR7-1, POTEM, MIR363, NCOR1, MIR146B, CXCL14, ADAMTS4, ATG5, POU5F1P3, EDIL3, CHST3, TSIX, ADIPOQ, KLF4, POU5F1P4, POTEF, NCOR2, WSCD2, DEPDC5, GPR166P, MIR15B, MVP, EBAG9, MIR93, MIR7-3, ARTN, SNURF, AKT3, HDAC6, MIR7-2, TRG-GCC5-1, PDCD6, GJC1, VN1R17P, SNIP1, MIR150, CDK19, AZIN2, HDAC8, MBD6, GNRHR2, ADCY10, EDEM2, ATF7IP, MRGPRX3, MRGPRX4, MEG3, CYCSP25, RXFP2, PACC1, ANO1, WIPI1, UGT1A8, OSCP1, MED8, NACC1, MYOCD, FERMT3, FSD1, GGCT, TP63, TET1, PPP1R2C, PDCD1LG2, TSPYL2, FSD1L, LINC00473, ADGRV1, LGR6, NLRC5, SPZ1, ATAD1, RXFP1, CCNB1IP1, HSD17B7, GPR151, DCTN4, GADL1, GPRC6A, TAC4, MRGPRX1, IL4I1, LPAR3, HCAR2, SLC7A8, LHFPL3, PRSS55, NANOG, SLC27A1, TBPL2, CASC15, RFTN1, SERTM2, MIRLET7C, TBATA, NUP62, MAGEC3, AGO2, DNAJB7, SLC27A6, SGSM3, PCDH11X, HPGDS, OXER1, PDCD4, FOXP1, TET3, LAT, SNORD56, ADAMTS15, FAM9A, PTPN22, TES, PLD5, SATB2, ACR, IFITM1, GLI1, GJB2, GHR, GH1, GAPDH, FZD2, FOXO3, FKBP5, FGR, FGFR4, FGFR1, EFEMP1, FBN1, PTK2B, F3, ERCC2, EPHB2, ENO1, ENG, EGR2, EFNA4, EDNRA, ECM1, TSC22D3, GLB1, GNRH2, DRD1, GPR17, IKBKB, IGFBP7, IGFBP5, IGFBP1, IFNA13, IFNA1, TNC, HSPA1B, HSPA1A, HRAS, HPV18I2, HPGD, HOXA13, HOXA11, HMGCR, HMGN2, HMGB1, NRG1, GTF2H1, GSTT1, GRM2, NR3C1, GRIA2, DRD2, SARDH, CXCR1, CASP1, VPS51, BSG, BRCA1, DST, BMP8B, BMP2, BCL6, BAK1, ATF3, ASIP, ARNT, FAS, APEX1, AMHR2, AMH, AKR1B1, AHR, AGTR2, AGTR1, AGRP, PLIN2, ACVRL1, ACTG1, CA2, CCNC, DHCR24, CCND2, DHCR7, TIMM8A, DFFB, DFFA, DBI, DAXX, DAPK1, DAP, CYP24A1, CTSL, CSF2, CR2, CPN2, CPN1, COX6C, COL4A2, COL3A1, CKS2, CEBPB, CEBPA, CD44, CD38, CCNG1, IL1RN, IL18, RECK, TACR1, TACR2, TAC1, SYP, STK11, SST, SRC, SPP1, SPINT1, SOX2, SORD, SNRPN, SMARCB1, SLC5A3, SMTN, SLC3A2, SLC2A4, SLC2A1, SFRP4, SDHB, CXCL12, CCL2, SATB1, SALL1, TAC3, TACR3, RXRA, TFAP2C, FZD4, TKTL1, MLRL, SLC7A5, NR4A3, YWHAG, XRCC4, XRCC2, XPC, XIST, WNT7A, LAT2, VIM, VDR, TSC1, CRISP2, TP53BP1, TLR3, SEC62, TIMP2, THBS2, THBS1, NR2F2, ACP1, RGS7, ITGA2, OGG1, NTS, NPPA, NGF, NEUROG1, COX2, MSH2, MPO, MMP14, MMP1, MME, MKI67, MEST, MEN1, MECP2, MAP2, LTBP2, LTBP1, CYP4F3, LAMB1, KRT19, ITGB1, ITGA5, ITGA2B, NTSR1, ORC5, TRIM27, OXTR, REST, RBP1, PLAAT4, RAD51, PTHLH, PTH, PSMB9, PROS1, PRLR, MAPK1, PPP4C, POU5F1, PON1, PLXNA2, PLP1, PLA2G1B, PGAM1, PER1, PDGFRA, PCP4, PCOLCE, PAEP, PEBP1, S100A4
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Dentigerous Cyst
Wikipedia
Bilateral or multiple dentigerous cysts are usually associated with the Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome and cleidocranial dysplasia . Basal cell nevus syndrome and Gardner's syndrome [16] [17] are also reported to be associated with multiple dentigerous cysts. [17] In the absence of these syndromes, the occurrence of multiple dentigerous cysts is rare. ... "Bilateral dentigerous cyst in a non-syndromic patient: Report of an unusual case with review of the literature" . ... "Bi-maxillary dentigerous cyst in a non-syndromic child – review of literature with a case presentation". ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : K09.0 ICD - 9-CM : 526.0 MeSH : D003803 DiseasesDB : 31222 v t e Acquired tooth disease Hard tissues Caries (tooth decay) Attrition Abrasion Erosion Hypercementosis tooth resorption ( External resorption , Internal resorption , Root resorption ) Pulp/periapical ( Endodontal ) Pulpal External resorption Internal resorption Irreversible pulpitis Reversible pulpitis Pulp necrosis Pink tooth of Mummery Periapical Acute apical periodontitis Chronic apical periodontitis Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions Fistula Periapical abscess Phoenix abscess Vertical root fracture Ungrouped Pulpitis Radicular cyst Periapical abscess Gingiva/periodontal ( Periodontal ) Gingivitis Periodontitis ( Chronic periodontitis ) Periodontal disease Bone cyst Dentigerous cyst Calcifying odontogenic cyst Glandular odontogenic cyst Other Cracked tooth syndrome To be grouped from periodontology Diagnoses Chronic periodontitis Localized aggressive periodontitis Generalized aggressive periodontitis Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease Necrotizing periodontal diseases Abscesses of the periodontium Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions Pathogenesis A. actinomycetemcomitans Capnocytophaga sp.
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Bartonellosis
Wikipedia
Other presentations include fever (particularly in children), Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome, encephalopathy , and neuroretinitis. [4] [5] B. henselae can be associated with bacteremia, bacillary angiomatosis, and peliosis hepatis in HIV patients, and bacteremia and endocarditis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. [6] Symptoms may include fatigue, headaches, fever, memory loss, disorientation, insomnia, and loss of coordination. ... The genus comprises: Bartonella species Reservoir Disease Bartonella bacilliformis human Carrion's disease/ verruga Peruana Bartonella quintana human Trench fever, bacteremia, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis Bartonella henselae cats Cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, bacteremia, endocarditis, encephalitis, meningitis Bartonella elizabethae rats Endocarditis Bartonella grahamii Retinitis Bartonella vinsoni dogs Endocarditis], bacteremia Bartonella washonsis rodents Myocarditis Bartonella clarridgiae cats Bacteremia Bartonella rochalimae human Carrion´s disease-like syndrome Pathophysiology [ edit ] In mammals, each Bartonella species is highly adapted to its reservoir host as the result of intracellular parasitism and can persist in the bloodstream of the host. ... "An atypical subcutaneous infection associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome". Am. J. Clin. Pathol . 80 (5): 714–8. doi : 10.1093/ajcp/80.5.714 . ... PMID 3339840 . ^ Dolan MJ, Wong MT, Regnery RL, et al. (March 1993). "Syndrome of Rochalimaea henselae adenitis suggesting cat scratch disease". ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : A44 ICD - 9-CM : 088.0 MeSH : D001474 DiseasesDB : 1249 External resources eMedicine : med/212 Patient UK : Bartonellosis v t e Proteobacteria -associated Gram-negative bacterial infections α Rickettsiales Rickettsiaceae / ( Rickettsioses ) Typhus Rickettsia typhi Murine typhus Rickettsia prowazekii Epidemic typhus , Brill–Zinsser disease , Flying squirrel typhus Spotted fever Tick-borne Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia conorii Boutonneuse fever Rickettsia japonica Japanese spotted fever Rickettsia sibirica North Asian tick typhus Rickettsia australis Queensland tick typhus Rickettsia honei Flinders Island spotted fever Rickettsia africae African tick bite fever Rickettsia parkeri American tick bite fever Rickettsia aeschlimannii Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection Mite-borne Rickettsia akari Rickettsialpox Orientia tsutsugamushi Scrub typhus Flea-borne Rickettsia felis Flea-borne spotted fever Anaplasmataceae Ehrlichiosis : Anaplasma phagocytophilum Human granulocytic anaplasmosis , Anaplasmosis Ehrlichia chaffeensis Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia ewingii Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection Rhizobiales Brucellaceae Brucella abortus Brucellosis Bartonellaceae Bartonellosis : Bartonella henselae Cat-scratch disease Bartonella quintana Trench fever Either B. henselae or B. quintana Bacillary angiomatosis Bartonella bacilliformis Carrion's disease , Verruga peruana β Neisseriales M+ Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus Meningococcal disease , Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome , Meningococcal septicaemia M− Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus Gonorrhea ungrouped: Eikenella corrodens / Kingella kingae HACEK Chromobacterium violaceum Chromobacteriosis infection Burkholderiales Burkholderia pseudomallei Melioidosis Burkholderia mallei Glanders Burkholderia cepacia complex Bordetella pertussis / Bordetella parapertussis Pertussis γ Enterobacteriales ( OX− ) Lac+ Klebsiella pneumoniae Rhinoscleroma , Pneumonia Klebsiella granulomatis Granuloma inguinale Klebsiella oxytoca Escherichia coli : Enterotoxigenic Enteroinvasive Enterohemorrhagic O157:H7 O104:H4 Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Enterobacter aerogenes / Enterobacter cloacae Slow/weak Serratia marcescens Serratia infection Citrobacter koseri / Citrobacter freundii Lac− H2S+ Salmonella enterica Typhoid fever , Paratyphoid fever , Salmonellosis H2S− Shigella dysenteriae / sonnei / flexneri / boydii Shigellosis , Bacillary dysentery Proteus mirabilis / Proteus vulgaris Yersinia pestis Plague / Bubonic plague Yersinia enterocolitica Yersiniosis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Far East scarlet-like fever Pasteurellales Haemophilus : H. influenzae Haemophilus meningitis Brazilian purpuric fever H. ducreyi Chancroid H. parainfluenzae HACEK Pasteurella multocida Pasteurellosis Actinobacillus Actinobacillosis Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans HACEK Legionellales Legionella pneumophila / Legionella longbeachae Legionnaires' disease Coxiella burnetii Q fever Thiotrichales Francisella tularensis Tularemia Vibrionaceae Vibrio cholerae Cholera Vibrio vulnificus Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio alginolyticus Plesiomonas shigelloides Pseudomonadales Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas infection Moraxella catarrhalis Acinetobacter baumannii Xanthomonadaceae Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Cardiobacteriaceae Cardiobacterium hominis HACEK Aeromonadales Aeromonas hydrophila / Aeromonas veronii Aeromonas infection ε Campylobacterales Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacteriosis , Guillain–Barré syndrome Helicobacter pylori Peptic ulcer , MALT lymphoma , Gastric cancer Helicobacter cinaedi Helicobacter cellulitis
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Cerebral Edema
Wikipedia
In addition to edema, these therapies are associated with microhemorrhages in the brain known as ARIA-H. [27] Familiarity with ARIA can aid radiologists and clinicians in determining optimal management for those affected. [16] Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome [ edit ] Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare clinical disease characterized by cerebral edema. [12] The exact pathophysiology , or cause, of the syndrome is still debated but is hypothesized to be related to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier. [12] The syndrome features acute neurological symptoms and reversible subcortical vasogenic edema predominantly involving the parieto-occipital areas on MR imaging . [28] PRES in general has a benign course, but PRES-related intracranial hemorrhage has been associated with a poor prognosis. [29] Idiopathic delayed-onset edema [ edit ] Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective treatment for several neurological and psychiatric disorders, most notably Parkinson's disease . [30] DBS is not without risks and although rare, idiopathic delayed-onset edema (IDE) surrounding the DBS leads have been reported. [14] Symptoms can be mild and nonspecific, including reduction of the stimulation effect, and can be confused for other causes of edema. [14] Thus, imaging is recommended to rule out other causes. [14] The condition is generally self-limiting and the exact mechanism of the cause is unexplained. [14] Early identification can help persons affected avoid unnecessary surgical procedures or antibiotic treatments. [14] Massive Brain Swelling after Cranioplasty [ edit ] Decompressive craniectomy is frequently performed in cases of resistant intracranial hypertension secondary to several neurological conditions and is commonly followed by cranioplasty . [15] Complications, such as infection and hematomas after cranioplasty occur in roughly about a third of cases. [15] Massive brain swelling after cranioplasty (MSBC) is a rare and potentially fatal complication of an uneventful cranioplasty that has recently been elucidated. [15] Preoperative sinking skin flap (SSF) and intracranial hypotension were factors associated with the development of MSBC after cranioplasty. [15] [31] Data suggests that pathologic changes are triggered immediately following the procedure, especially an acute increase in intracranial pressure. [15] Radiation-Induced Brain Edema [ edit ] With the rise of sophisticated treatment modalities such as gamma knife , cyber knife , and intensity modulated radiotherapy , a large number of individuals with brain tumors are treated with radiosurgery and radiotherapy. [13] Radiation-induced brain edema (RIBE) is a potentially life threatening complication of brain tissue radiation and is characterized radiation necrosis, endothelial cell dysfunction, increased capillary permeability, and breakdown of the blood brain barrier . [13] Symptoms include headache, seizure, psychomotor slowing, irritability, and focal neurological deficits. [13] Options for management of RIBE are limited and include corticosteroids , anti platelet drugs, anticoagulants , hyperbaric oxygen therapy , multivitamins, and bevacizumab . [13] Brain tumor-associated cerebral edema [ edit ] This kind of cerebral edema is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with brain tumors and characterized by a disruption of the blood brain barrier and vasogenic edema. [32] The exact mechanism is unclear but hypothesized that cancerous glial cells ( glioma ) of the brain can increase secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which weakens the tight junctions of the blood–brain barrier . [33] Historically, corticosteroids such as dexamethasone were used to reduce brain tumor-associated vascular permeability through poorly understood mechanisms and was associated with systemic side effects. [33] Agents that target the VEGF signaling pathways, such as cediranib , have been promising in prolonging survival in rat models but associated with local and systemic side effects as well. [32] Diagnosis [ edit ] Cerebral edema is commonly present in a variety of neurological injuries. [1] [3] Thus, determining a definitive contribution of cerebral edema to the neurological status of an affected person can be challenging. [3] Close bedside monitoring of a person's level of consciousness and awareness of any new or worsening focal neurological deficits is imperative but demanding, frequently requiring admission into the intensive care unit (ICU). [3] Cerebral edema with sustained increased intracranial hypertension and brain herniation can signify impending catastrophic neurological events which require immediate recognition and treatment to prevent injury and even death. [1] [9] [10] [34] Therefore, diagnosis of cerebral edema earlier with rapid intervention can improve clinical outcomes and can mortality , or risk of death. [34] Diagnosis of cerebral edema relies on the following: Imaging [ edit ] Serial neuroimaging ( CT scans and magnetic resonance imaging ) can be useful in diagnosing or excluding intracranial hemorrhage , large masses, acute hydrocephalus , or brain herniation as well as providing information on the type of edema present and the extent of affected area. [1] [3] CT scan is the imaging modality of choice as it is widely available, quick, and with minimal risks. [1] However, CT scan can be limited in determining the exact cause of cerebral edema in which cases, CT angiography (CTA), MRI , or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) may be necessary. ... "Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Clinical Toxicology: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports" . ... "Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): a rare condition after resection of posterior fossa tumors: two new cases and review of the literature". ... "Variant Type of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Associated with Deep Brain Hemorrhage: Case Report and Review of the Literature". ... PMID 25914538 . ^ Khan, Noman Ahmed Jang; Ullah, Saad; Alkilani, Waseem; Zeb, Hassan; Tahir, Hassan; Suri, Joshan (2018). "Sinking Skin Flap Syndrome: Phenomenon of Neurological Deterioration after Decompressive Craniectomy" .
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List Of Periodontal Diseases
Wikipedia
Genetic disorders potentially associated include familial and cyclic neutropenia , Down syndrome , leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndromes , Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome , Chediak-Higashi syndrome , histiocytosis syndromes, glycogen storage disease , infantile genetic agranulocytosis , Cohen syndrome , Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (Types IV and VIII), hypophosphatasia , and others. [1] Necrotizing periodontal diseases [ edit ] Main article: Necrotizing periodontal diseases Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis: painful, bleeding, sloughing ulceration and loss of the interdental papillae (usually of the lower front teeth). ... External links [ edit ] Classification D MeSH : D010510 v t e Oral and maxillofacial pathology Lips Cheilitis Actinic Angular Plasma cell Cleft lip Congenital lip pit Eclabium Herpes labialis Macrocheilia Microcheilia Nasolabial cyst Sun poisoning Trumpeter's wart Tongue Ankyloglossia Black hairy tongue Caviar tongue Crenated tongue Cunnilingus tongue Fissured tongue Foliate papillitis Glossitis Geographic tongue Median rhomboid glossitis Transient lingual papillitis Glossoptosis Hypoglossia Lingual thyroid Macroglossia Microglossia Rhabdomyoma Palate Bednar's aphthae Cleft palate High-arched palate Palatal cysts of the newborn Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia Stomatitis nicotina Torus palatinus Oral mucosa – Lining of mouth Amalgam tattoo Angina bullosa haemorrhagica Behçet's disease Bohn's nodules Burning mouth syndrome Candidiasis Condyloma acuminatum Darier's disease Epulis fissuratum Erythema multiforme Erythroplakia Fibroma Giant-cell Focal epithelial hyperplasia Fordyce spots Hairy leukoplakia Hand, foot and mouth disease Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis Herpangina Herpes zoster Intraoral dental sinus Leukoedema Leukoplakia Lichen planus Linea alba Lupus erythematosus Melanocytic nevus Melanocytic oral lesion Molluscum contagiosum Morsicatio buccarum Oral cancer Benign: Squamous cell papilloma Keratoacanthoma Malignant: Adenosquamous carcinoma Basaloid squamous carcinoma Mucosal melanoma Spindle cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Verrucous carcinoma Oral florid papillomatosis Oral melanosis Smoker's melanosis Pemphigoid Benign mucous membrane Pemphigus Plasmoacanthoma Stomatitis Aphthous Denture-related Herpetic Smokeless tobacco keratosis Submucous fibrosis Ulceration Riga–Fede disease Verruca vulgaris Verruciform xanthoma White sponge nevus Teeth ( pulp , dentin , enamel ) Amelogenesis imperfecta Ankylosis Anodontia Caries Early childhood caries Concrescence Failure of eruption of teeth Dens evaginatus Talon cusp Dentin dysplasia Dentin hypersensitivity Dentinogenesis imperfecta Dilaceration Discoloration Ectopic enamel Enamel hypocalcification Enamel hypoplasia Turner's hypoplasia Enamel pearl Fluorosis Fusion Gemination Hyperdontia Hypodontia Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis Impaction Wisdom tooth impaction Macrodontia Meth mouth Microdontia Odontogenic tumors Keratocystic odontogenic tumour Odontoma Dens in dente Open contact Premature eruption Neonatal teeth Pulp calcification Pulp stone Pulp canal obliteration Pulp necrosis Pulp polyp Pulpitis Regional odontodysplasia Resorption Shovel-shaped incisors Supernumerary root Taurodontism Trauma Avulsion Cracked tooth syndrome Vertical root fracture Occlusal Tooth loss Edentulism Tooth wear Abrasion Abfraction Acid erosion Attrition Periodontium ( gingiva , periodontal ligament , cementum , alveolus ) – Gums and tooth-supporting structures Cementicle Cementoblastoma Gigantiform Cementoma Eruption cyst Epulis Pyogenic granuloma Congenital epulis Gingival enlargement Gingival cyst of the adult Gingival cyst of the newborn Gingivitis Desquamative Granulomatous Plasma cell Hereditary gingival fibromatosis Hypercementosis Hypocementosis Linear gingival erythema Necrotizing periodontal diseases Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Pericoronitis Peri-implantitis Periodontal abscess Periodontal trauma Periodontitis Aggressive As a manifestation of systemic disease Chronic Perio-endo lesion Teething Periapical, mandibular and maxillary hard tissues – Bones of jaws Agnathia Alveolar osteitis Buccal exostosis Cherubism Idiopathic osteosclerosis Mandibular fracture Microgenia Micrognathia Intraosseous cysts Odontogenic : periapical Dentigerous Buccal bifurcation Lateral periodontal Globulomaxillary Calcifying odontogenic Glandular odontogenic Non-odontogenic: Nasopalatine duct Median mandibular Median palatal Traumatic bone Osteoma Osteomyelitis Osteonecrosis Bisphosphonate-associated Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis Osteoradionecrosis Osteoporotic bone marrow defect Paget's disease of bone Periapical abscess Phoenix abscess Periapical periodontitis Stafne defect Torus mandibularis Temporomandibular joints , muscles of mastication and malocclusions – Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities Bruxism Condylar resorption Mandibular dislocation Malocclusion Crossbite Open bite Overbite Overeruption Overjet Prognathia Retrognathia Scissor bite Maxillary hypoplasia Temporomandibular joint dysfunction Salivary glands Benign lymphoepithelial lesion Ectopic salivary gland tissue Frey's syndrome HIV salivary gland disease Necrotizing sialometaplasia Mucocele Ranula Pneumoparotitis Salivary duct stricture Salivary gland aplasia Salivary gland atresia Salivary gland diverticulum Salivary gland fistula Salivary gland hyperplasia Salivary gland hypoplasia Salivary gland neoplasms Benign: Basal cell adenoma Canalicular adenoma Ductal papilloma Monomorphic adenoma Myoepithelioma Oncocytoma Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum Pleomorphic adenoma Sebaceous adenoma Malignant: Acinic cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Adenoid cystic carcinoma Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma Lymphoma Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Sclerosing polycystic adenosis Sialadenitis Parotitis Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis Sialectasis Sialocele Sialodochitis Sialosis Sialolithiasis Sjögren's syndrome Orofacial soft tissues – Soft tissues around the mouth Actinomycosis Angioedema Basal cell carcinoma Cutaneous sinus of dental origin Cystic hygroma Gnathophyma Ludwig's angina Macrostomia Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome Microstomia Noma Oral Crohn's disease Orofacial granulomatosis Perioral dermatitis Pyostomatitis vegetans Other Eagle syndrome Hemifacial hypertrophy Facial hemiatrophy Oral manifestations of systemic disease v t e Dentistry involving supporting structures of teeth ( Periodontology ) Anatomy Periodontium Alveolar bone Biologic width Bundle bone Cementum Free gingival margin Gingiva Gingival fibers Gingival sulcus Junctional epithelium Mucogingival junction Periodontal ligament Sulcular epithelium Stippling Disease Diagnoses Chronic periodontitis Localized aggressive periodontitis Generalized aggressive periodontitis Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease Periodontosis Necrotizing periodontal diseases Abscesses of the periodontium Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions Infection A. actinomycetemcomitans Capnocytophaga sp.CTSC, PON1, IL17A, IL16, IL15, CD80, CD40LG, IL24, IL19, IL7, IL21, TNF, MMP8, IL10, IL6, IL1A, IL1B, NLRP3, VDR, TNFSF11, IL4, CRP, TLR4, VEGFA, IFNG, TNFRSF11B, FN1, PTGS2, CD14, IL1RN, COX2, MMP9, MTCO2P12, GCFC2, CAMP, TREM1, MPO, STAT1, SQSTM1, F2RL1, ALOX5, LRWD1, DEFB1, TGFB1, ADRB3, TLR2, IL18, CXCL10, GOPC, TREM2, TLR9, FBLIM1, WNT5A, PWAR1, CXCL8, SLC52A2, IL2RA, MIR146A, CDKN2B-AS1, IFI16, ICAM1, IBSP, ISG20, MMP3, LTA, LTF, VCAM1, SOCS1, DLK1, CCN6, TIMP3, HPD, SMPD1, CXCL12, CCL2, RARRES2, ADM, NR1I2, PLG, NOS3, AGO2, IL37, VSX1, TRIM25, MMP1, HSPD1, NAT2, PTX3, FOXO1, CD28, CASP9, COX8A, CTLA4, APOE, EGF, F2R, FGF2, CAT, HIF1A, MIR15A, PES1, DHS, SDS, BTF3P11, SLC7A9, WDHD1, PADI2, KDM4B, JMJD6, CAMTA1, SIRT1, ANGPTL2, MAPK8IP2, SEMA4D, PADI4, BSG, BPI, TRBV16, TRBV7-9, TRBC1, SETD2, PKN3, BDNF, DPP7, BCHE, PDPN, CRTAP, AHSG, AIM2, PEA15, MIR1226, IL18R1, CASP8, HDAC3, CASP3, CASP1, MSC, VAMP3, AGTR1, NTN1, CYTIP, GPNMB, PLPPR4, HDAC6, EDIL3, ARPC5, CTDSP2, EBI3, DDX39A, CTDSPL, EDS8, TLR6, NOD1, IL22, TRAT1, FOXP3, UNC5B, IL33, DNER, IL17F, ALPL, MRGPRX2, RBM45, ALOX15, IL34, ESCO2, MIR30E, TMPRSS6, ALDH2, CRACR2A, MIR22, IL27, PCSK9, COPD, FDCSP, IFNL1, BRINP3, SERPINA13P, RTL1, SMIM10L2A, MIR106B, SMIM10L2B, PPP1R2C, GAL, DRAM1, ANGPTL4, HSPA14, IL23A, CD19, AZU1, AR, KLK3, DEFA1B, FAM20A, ODAM, SLC52A1, ATF7IP, TET1, AMY1C, SLAMF7, CXCL16, NLRC4, MIR646, AMY1B, ACE2, TRPV4, NOD2, AMY1A, DHX40, IL17D, HLA-DRB1, RECK, FBN1, KIR3DL1, LBP, LGALS9, ESR1, LYZ, MBL2, MFGE8, MAP3K11, MARK2, MMP2, ELN, EGFR, MMP13, EDN1, MT2A, ECE1, MTNR1B, NFATC1, NFKB1, NFKBIL1, NHS, NOS2, RCAN1, NOTCH1, PNP, ITGB2, IRF1, OCA2, FCGR3A, HLA-DQB1, TNC, HGF, CFH, IRF8, HBB, GSTP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGHA1, GSR, GRN, GOT1, IL2, GIP, GHSR, GEM, FPR1, FOLR1, CXCR1, IL12RB2, IL13, FGF7, FGB, FCGR3B, NRAS, DMBT1, DDX39B, SLC6A4, CTSB, SNAP25, SOD2, SPG7, SPP1, STAT3, SYK, ADAM17, CST2, TRB, TRBV20OR9-2, CSF1, TGFB3, TH, THRB, CRYGD, CCR5, CCR1, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, CLU, CFTR, CD81, TLX2, CXCR4, SLIT3, SLC2A4, OTC, SLC2A1, P2RX7, SERPINE1, PECAM1, PIN1, PLAU, DEFB4A, PLTP, DEFA1, PPARG, HTRA1, ACE, CUX1, CTSS, REN, S100A2, S100A12, CTSK, CCL3, CCL7, CCL20, CTSD, SELE, SELL, SETMAR, SH3BP2, CD34
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Alexithymia
Wikipedia
"Emanuel Miller lecture: confusions and controversies about Asperger syndrome" . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines . 45 (4): 672–86. doi : 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00262.x . ... "The Overlap Between Alexithymia and Asperger's syndrome" . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders . 36 (4): 573–6. doi : 10.1007/s10803-006-0096-z . ... "Response to 'Letter to the Editor: The Overlap Between Alexithymia and Asperger's syndrome', Fitzgerald and Bellgrove, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 36(4)". ... S2CID 28686022 . ^ Tani P, Lindberg N, Joukamaa M, et al. (2004). "Asperger syndrome, alexithymia and perception of sleep". ... Emotional Intelligence at Curlie v t e Pervasive developmental disorders and autism spectrum Main Causes Comorbid conditions Epidemiology Heritability Societal and cultural aspects Medical model Therapies Diagnoses Autism spectrum ( High-functioning autism Classic autism Asperger syndrome Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified Childhood disintegrative disorder Rett syndrome ) Related conditions Alexithymia Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Anxiety disorder ( obsessive–compulsive disorder ) Late talker Epilepsy Fragile X syndrome Hyperlexia Savant syndrome Sensory processing disorder Intellectual disability Developmental coordination disorder Multiple complex developmental disorder Controversies Autism rights movement Autistic enterocolitis Facilitated communication MMR vaccine Rapid prompting method Thiomersal ( Chelation ) Diagnostic scales Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Autism Diagnostic Interview Autism-spectrum quotient Childhood Autism Rating Scale Lists Autism-related topics Fictional characters Schools