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Diabetes In Dogs
Wikipedia
However, it can be prevented by behavioral and dietary management. [16] Contents 1 Classification and causes 1.1 Genetic susceptibility of certain breeds 1.2 Gene therapy 2 Pathogenesis 3 Symptoms 4 Checkups 5 Management 5.1 Insulin therapy 5.2 Diet 5.3 Glucometers and urine test strips 6 Disease complications 6.1 Ketones – ketoacidosis 6.2 Nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome 6.2.1 Dehydration 7 Treatment complications 7.1 Hypoglycemia 7.1.1 Clinical Signs 7.1.2 Treatment 8 References 9 External links Classification and causes [ edit ] At present, there is no international standard classification of diabetes in dogs. [17] Commonly used terms are: Insulin deficiency diabetes or primary diabetes, which refers to the destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas and their inability to produce insulin. [17] [18] Insulin resistance diabetes or secondary diabetes, which describes the resistance to insulin caused by other medical conditions or by hormonal drugs. [17] [18] While the occurrence of beta cell destruction is known, all of the processes behind it are not. ... The table above is a guide to when ketones may be present. Nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome [ edit ] Nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome (also known as hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome) is a rare but extremely serious complication of untreated canine diabetes, which is a medical emergency.
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Childhood Leukemia
Wikipedia
White blood cell count at diagnosis: Children with lower white blood cell counts tend to have a better prognosis. Children with Down Syndrome and AML typically have a good prognosis. ... Genetic risk factors include: Down syndrome , Fanconi anemia , familial monosomy 7 , Shwachman–Diamond syndrome , Bloom Syndrome , as well as mutations in specific gene mutations. [3] [39] Besides genetic risk factors, exposure to ionizing radiation is a known risk factor for childhood leukemia. ... PMID 17847123 . v t e Leukaemias , lymphomas and related disease B cell ( lymphoma , leukemia ) (most CD19 CD20 ) By development/ marker TdT+ ALL ( Precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma ) CD5 + naive B cell ( CLL/SLL ) mantle zone ( Mantle cell ) CD22 + Prolymphocytic CD11c+ ( Hairy cell leukemia ) CD79a + germinal center / follicular B cell ( Follicular Burkitt's GCB DLBCL Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma ) marginal zone / marginal zone B-cell ( Splenic marginal zone MALT Nodal marginal zone Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma ) RS ( CD15 +, CD30 +) Classic Hodgkin lymphoma ( Nodular sclerosis ) CD20+ ( Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma ) PCDs / PP ( CD38 +/ CD138 +) see immunoproliferative immunoglobulin disorders By infection KSHV ( Primary effusion ) EBV Lymphomatoid granulomatosis Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder Classic Hodgkin lymphoma Burkitt's lymphoma HCV Splenic marginal zone lymphoma HIV ( AIDS-related lymphoma ) Helicobacter pylori ( MALT lymphoma ) Cutaneous Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma Primary cutaneous immunocytoma Plasmacytoma Plasmacytosis Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma T/NK T cell ( lymphoma , leukemia ) (most CD3 CD4 CD8 ) By development/ marker TdT+ : ALL ( Precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma ) prolymphocyte ( Prolymphocytic ) CD30+ ( Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma Lymphomatoid papulosis type A ) Cutaneous MF+variants indolent: Mycosis fungoides Pagetoid reticulosis Granulomatous slack skin aggressive: Sézary disease Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma Non-MF CD30 -: Non-mycosis fungoides CD30− cutaneous large T-cell lymphoma Pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma Lymphomatoid papulosis type B CD30 +: CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Secondary cutaneous CD30+ large-cell lymphoma Lymphomatoid papulosis type A Other peripheral Hepatosplenic Angioimmunoblastic Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified ( Lennert lymphoma ) Subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma By infection HTLV-1 ( Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma ) NK cell / (most CD56 ) Aggressive NK-cell leukemia Blastic NK cell lymphoma T or NK EBV ( Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma / Angiocentric lymphoma ) Large granular lymphocytic leukemia Lymphoid+ myeloid Acute biphenotypic leukaemia Lymphocytosis Lymphoproliferative disorders ( X-linked lymphoproliferative disease Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome ) Leukemoid reaction Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia with bandlike and perivascular patterns with nodular pattern Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin General Hematological malignancy leukemia Lymphoproliferative disorders Lymphoid leukemias v t e Myeloid -related hematological malignancy CFU-GM / and other granulocytes CFU-GM Myelocyte AML : Acute myeloblastic leukemia M0 M1 M2 APL/M3 MP Chronic neutrophilic leukemia Monocyte AML AMoL/M5 Myeloid dendritic cell leukemia CML Philadelphia chromosome Accelerated phase chronic myelogenous leukemia Myelomonocyte AML M4 MD-MP Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia Other Histiocytosis CFU-Baso AML Acute basophilic CFU-Eos AML Acute eosinophilic MP Chronic eosinophilic leukemia / Hypereosinophilic syndrome MEP CFU-Meg MP Essential thrombocytosis Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia CFU-E AML Erythroleukemia/M6 MP Polycythemia vera MD Refractory anemia Refractory anemia with excess of blasts Chromosome 5q deletion syndrome Sideroblastic anemia Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia CFU-Mast Mastocytoma Mast cell leukemia Mast cell sarcoma Systemic mastocytosis Mastocytosis : Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis Erythrodermic mastocytosis Adult type of generalized eruption of cutaneous mastocytosis Urticaria pigmentosa Mast cell sarcoma Solitary mastocytoma Systemic mastocytosis Xanthelasmoidal mastocytosis Multiple/unknown AML Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis Myeloid sarcoma MP Myelofibrosis Acute biphenotypic leukaemiaCSF2, CDKN2B, CXCR4, BMI1, CCR7, RARA, BCR, CSF3, CSF3R, PTPN11, PTEN, CTNNB1, MLLT10, BCL2, CXADR, PRKAR1A, PML, TCL1A, NQO1, PIK3CG, PIK3CD, PIM1, PIK3CB, DNMT1, CASP3, CEBPA, CDKN2A, ATN1, CDKN1B, BRD4, CASR, RUNX1, RUNX1T1, CBFB, TRBV20OR9-2, TAL1, CD6, TP53, CD19, STAT5B, CXADRP1, TBC1D9, STAT5A, CD33, CD34, STAT3, CD38, VEGFA, CD44, WT1, SPG7, ABL1, ABCB1, PIK3CA, PBX1, MLLT1, ARR3, MEIS1, MDM2, MCL1, AKT1, LMO2, FLT3, KIT, KIR3DL1, JAK2, TCL1B, PRMT5, TMEM132D, GATA1, IKZF1, GEM, NR1I3, IL2, ASRGL1, TRIM13, HOXA9, DOT1L, HOXA@, KMT2A, MEN1, MME, EPO, ALL1, NUP98, NRAS, NPM1, NOTCH1, NCAM1, MYH11, MYC, MTTP, EZH2, MBD2, MTHFR, ERG, MPO, COMMD3-BMI1, ETV6, MECOM, TNF, IL15, ABCC1, CYP1A1, CD40LG, IL3, TCF3, ETS1, RAF1, PAX5, CEBPZ, LONP1, CALM1, SNAP91, SETD2, ERVW-1, EIF4E, MIR155, CREBBP, GATA2, CDKN1A, KRAS, IL6, CALM2, HLA-A, CALM3, MAPK8, FANCB, IFNG, PICALM, IFNA13, MYB, CCNA1, PROM1, IFNA1, CXCL12, CD274, IL1B, IDH2, PBX3, PARP1, OPN1SW, KDM1A, MDM4, NUP214, MAPK1, MLLT3, DNMT3A, ELANE, TNFSF10, SPI1, MTOR, IDH1, HOXA10, TOP1, IRF8, PRAME, CD22, BTK, KRT20, KDR, ERVK-20, EVPL, HSP90AA1, MIR21, TGFB1, DHFR, PRDM16, CBFA2T3, FN1, SALL4, MIR150, GSTT1, HFE, HLA-C, CCND1, HIF1A, FLT1, MLH1, LEP, KAT6A, HDAC9, FUT4, KLRC4-KLRK1, TPMT, GSTM1, MSH3, DNER, CD80, GFI1, CDK6, SOAT1, DNMT3B, BRAF, IL7, MS4A1, GSTP1, KLRK1, ATM, IGH, HLA-B, PRTN3, ABL2, XIAP, RUNX2, MAP2K7, NFE2L2, GRAP2, AHSA1, ABO, IL24, MSH2, ESR1, AFDN, PTPA, ASPG, GSTK1, MPL, TET2, PSIP1, SLC12A9, ANPEP, MIR126, PHF6, SLCO6A1, SLC9A1, JAK3, TET1, FTO, CCR5, DEK, LEF1, PIM3, ITGAM, AIMP2, RAG2, CRK, NCOA2, MIR17HG, MAPK14, CIB1, POLDIP2, CD47, CD27, XRCC1, RNF19A, IL2RA, IL2RG, TRIB1, HLF, ALDH1A1, HTC2, GSK3B, INPP4B, NM, NME1, HMGB1, TLX1, IL7R, IRF4, ARHGEF1, IL10, FHIT, ABCG2, CD99, MLF1, STMN1, FLI1, FLT3LG, MNX1, TRIM5, PCBP4, PRAM1, ITGB2, LGALS3, IRF1, IGF2BP1, ILK, ASXL1, PAG1, SIRT1, GLIS2, PTPRC, PPARG, BCL11A, RTEL1, MAPK3, BAX, WWOX, MAP2K1, AURKA, HOTAIR, ZHX2, HPGDS, MIR29B2, MIR29B1, POU5F1, BRCA2, HMOX1, RAC1, CRYZ, CDK2, OPN1LW, MACROD1, MIR223, RNASE3, SET, TLX3, ATXN1, POU5F1P4, SCT, MIR196B, LETMD1, PECAM1, TOP2A, DOK1, POU5F1P3, TAT, ADAM17, WDR5, QRSL1, CALR, FAS, ROR1, ABI1, SH2B3, WLS, SMARCA4, NXT1, HOXA5, KMT2B, SMARCA1, THPO, SRSF2, TRIB2, DPY30, THBS1, TERT, ZAP70, IL3RA, IL4, DICER1, SLC22A1, SYT1, IGF1, TP73, HOXB4, ARHGAP24, HES1, HSF1, HOXB3, HOXB@, FIP1L1, TCHP, SYK, CCL2, TCF4, TCF7, TYMS, COL18A1, ICAM1, TYR, UBE2I, KDM6A, IFI27, AFF4, EBI3, HP, ZNF521, SEPTIN9, ZBTB16, IL18, GDE1, EIF2AK2, KMT2D, MMP2, MMP9, TLR9, CIAPIN1, CD200, AHI1, PLK1, PDCD5, LAMTOR1, CDR3, ELL, ASH2L, PIM2, NR0B2, DCTN6, SOCS3, RALBP1, MUC1, PDGFRA, PCNA, SF3B1, NBN, SUB1, TNFSF13, FBXW7, HEMGN, PSMD9, MRPL28, MEF2C, ATRAID, S100A8, TMED7, ROS1, ROCK1, MERTK, SBDS, IL18R1, WNK1, RARG, MARCKSL1, WT1-AS, EEF1E1, RAG1, DDX41, PTPN2, KRT7, DCDC2, MAFK, GORASP1, SCLY, ZNRD2, CRLF2, ZNF197, NR4A3, LYZ, SMAD4, ATG5, PTPN6, RELA, ERVK-6, CD28, EPHB2, CD14, GLB1, EPS15, COL11A2, FPGS, CDKN2C, TMED7-TICAM2, EPOR, CRKL, KAT2A, GPT, CSF1R, FASLG, FLT4, FLII, NR3C1, BMP4, FOXO3, MIR16-1, EWSR1, APEX1, BRCA1, MIR22, TPPP2, PTK2B, CES1, BCL6, CDKN2B-AS1, FUT1, BCL2A1, CFL1, ZNF384, OSCP1, AXL, ATR, GABPA, CHEK1, BSG, RERE, GATA3, CDA, EP300, MSI2, RUNX3, HDAC1, EGR1, ERVK-18, H3P12, AHR, ALB, GADD45A, CBL, DCK, H3P9, ALK, DCC, ERVK-32, PDIK1L, TICAM2, FGFR1, HLA-G, H3P10, CYP2B6, TSLP, CAV1, CYBB, LINC01194, EBF1, E2F1, H3P23, SRC, SPIB, SPP1, SRPK2, SRPK1, STAT1, CD40, SETBP1, CEBPB, MIR34B, CD70, MIR221, GNL3, IGHV1-12, SON, DLL1, CDK1, CDC42, CDH1, MIR34A, TRBC1, CDK4, HIPK2, CDK9, CDKN1C, CDKN2D, SNAP25, CDX2, SOX4, CCL3, SELE, HMMR, S100B, IL23A, PTGS2, CCN2, PSMB6, CTNNA1, CYP1B1, LIN28B, KDM3B, DDX4, PLAT, PLAGL2, PKM, NSD3, PIP4K2A, PIN1, DNASE1, DNTT, PHB, PF4, PDGFRB, PDGFB, DUSP1, PTK7, SIRT6, TRPM5, MIR125A, S100A9, S100A4, A1CF, FOXP3, MIR183, RNF6, REN, CCR6, KDM5A, MIR15A, RAP1GAP, RANGAP1, CREB1, RAD51, RAC2, CSF1, PVT1, MIR143, PTPRO, ETV7, PTPN4, REG1A, H4C15, SAMHD1, KLK3, EBP, HSPB3, BCL10, NR1I2, DLEU2, KDM5B, ZNF268, NRP1, APP, APRT, TNFRSF10B, TNFSF9, H4C2, RIPK1, ABCC3, BECN1, ASIP, ASNS, SOCS1, AKR1C3, CNTNAP1, ASPA, H4C14, H4C13, GPRC5A, ANXA2, AURKB, XPR1, NAMPT, LRPPRC, OLIG2, H3P13, PRG4, ACP3, ACTB, GPHN, MVP, TELO2, ABCC4, ZEB2, DLEU1, HERPUD1, ESPL1, NCOR1, NCR1, AKR1B1, ARL6IP5, ALOX5, RECQL4, ADIPOQ, KLF4, H4C5, H4C8, CD9, THY1, BUB1, KDM4C, UGCG, SEPTIN6, C3, TWIST1, BCRP3, CASP2, TLR4, ASPM, TIMP2, CASP9, H4C3, TGFBI, TEK, TEAD1, SH3BP4, HNF1A, CNTN2, CD1D, CD3G, CD5, CD8A, CD8B, VAV1, VCAM1, BTG1, VDR, H4C11, H4C12, H4C6, H4C4, H4C1, GFI1B, DUX4, H4C9, CHAF1B, TAF15, B2M, CHEK2, BCL2L1, TFPI2, RGPD2, ST8SIA4, PRDM2, ZFP36, YY1, XRCC3, PLA2R1, NT5C2, MIR638, NUDT15, COX8A, MYOD1, MTRR, H4-16, ERCC2, CXCL10, GSN, POGLUT1, KMT2C, SLC52A2, HTN3, SMAD2, FUS, EXOSC5, MTR, FGF2, EPHA3, DCLRE1C, LYL1, HSPB2, HSPB1, ISG20, MYCN, BACH2, FGF4, SLC29A1, JMJD1C, HSPA5, ITGAL, ENG, NFKB1, MRC1, ID1, TNFRSF9, ACKR3, FCGR3B, MEIS2, GH1, FCGRT, BAALC, FCGR3A, IL1A, MFAP1, RBPJ, MECP2, IL6ST, IGFBP7, CLEC12A, GPR180, AICDA, FANCD2, FDXR, CXCL8, MRTFA, F9, IFNAR1, GPX3, CIP2A, GRB2, IL11, F2R, G6PD, ITGB3, MEF2D, FOXM1, H2AX, LIG4, RPSA, ROPN1L, LIFR, LCK, NOTCH3, HGF, EMB, LIF, KCNH2, HDC, NGF, LEPR, KIR2DS1, EGFR, HDAC2, ARID5B, PWAR1, NTRK1, HLA-DPB1, EGR3, LDLR, PAFAH1B1, HOXA1, ATG3, JAK1, GZMB, AGFG2, ENOSF1, HAVCR2, KIR3DL2, HPRT1, HMBS, MYCBP2, SETD1B, SETX, ANXA8, ACD, FAM168A, MRGPRX4, MIR563, EHMT1, ADRM1, DIP, KDM6B, LIN28A, ABHD2, NUDT21, RTN4R, TWIST2, BRI3BP, LRRK2, GPR151, PHF8, GATA5, MIR600, ESM1, MLXIP, SUV39H2, MIR663A, PHB2, SACM1L, SPANXB1, MRGPRX3, PDAP1, CDC73, ANXA8L1, TUSC2, IKZF3, HSPA4L, ANKRD26, CILK1, B4GALNT2, MAGED4, NOX5, ECD, CCR2, CD24, UHMK1, BMI1P1, CCDC51, INTS3, VTCN1, MUL1, PVRIG, CEMP1, CEP152, AKAP13, CD200R1, DKK1, PACSIN2, SNF8, PARK7, FSD1, MRGPRX1, SLC46A1, ARAP1, SOX7, HAX1, GATD3B, HOXB13, ERVK-11, MAGT1, FSD1L, CRISPLD2, ANP32B, JAM3, DYNLRB2, PARTICL, IGF2BP2, ERVK-22, SLC22A16, SLCO1B1, SH2B2, TXNIP, PDPN, POSTN, TCF7L1, CAB39L, ERVK-12, EAF1, ARIH2, CBSL, BGLT3, CBX2, KDM2B, TNK2, ZNF382, NT5C1A, ZFYVE19, RHOXF2, MSLN, NUDCD1, MIR22HG, ABCC11, LOC110806263, ZMPSTE24, STUB1, KAT8, SMYD5, MTCO2P12, HMGB1P5, LUNAR1, USP42, KLF2, IGF2BP3, ERVK-2, UBA5, DTX2, SLFN11, ZNF300, RUVBL2, MRPS30, PAPOLA, ULBP1, LINC01672, EHMT2, ULBP2, COBL, MIR155HG, KHDRBS1, ZC3H12A, SERINC3, MLLT11, RAB40B, CGAS, COPS5, RIPK3, CMTM5, NANOG, MRGPRF, MTHFD2, TSGA10, ESAM, HOTAIRM1, KLF1, CXCR6, CTCF, BCL2L2-PABPN1, WNT3A, CD226, DEL11P13, TNFSF13B, TMX2-CTNND1, SIGLEC10, GADD45GIP1, MICA, USP39, NFAT5, NUDC, PLK4, STAG2, GIPC1, NES, MAGED4B, LRSAM1, MLC1, TNPO3, WWC1, HDAC7, MARCHF8, CHMP5, MIR142, METTL3, MIR130A, MIR128-2, MIR127, TRPV5, KYAT3, RNF20, MYDGF, TRPV2, MIR122, WSB2, MED15, MIR10A, GINS2, MIR107, CMPK1, SPINK6, UOX, CD244, LTB4R2, UNC13D, ASH1L, TLR7, DDX53, MLXIPL, MIR182, KMT5B, MIR17, EGFL7, ARID2, CRTC2, DCTN4, APOBEC3A, TNFRSF12A, MIR144, DACT1, KLRF1, SMYD2, C19orf48, PMEPA1, LXN, MIR149, MIR146A, UBR5, GPR137, PBK, GPRC6A, OXER1, RCBTB1, ATF7IP, TESC, GOLGA6A, ABCB5, VSTM1, PGP, SERINC5, NLRP2, MTPAP, THUMPD1, HECTD4, BCOR, TRIM62, ASXL2, NEAT1, SOX6, CSNK2A3, TRPV6, MEG3, NCR3, LARP6, COPD, NUTM1, ZFP64, SERP2, ROBO4, MAP3K20, IL27, MALAT1, IL17D, MBD3, GJB7, ZBTB38, WNT4, TMEM30A, GEN1, DDIT4, SWT1, DLL4, UGT1A1, PDP1, FBLIM1, SEPTIN11, PWAR4, ARSH, CXorf66, TRPM7, CNDP2, MIR193A, ASAP1, UCA1, QPCT, SMPX, SGK3, RBMXL1, MIR345, GPR166P, NSD1, NOD2, LAMP5, ZFAS1, TFIP11, LYPD4, NUP62, VN1R17P, SLC39A8, MAGEF1, PRDM14, BCORL1, L3MBTL1, CHD5, NRARP, MIR98, LGR6, MIR375, SSBP2, EPC2, MIR511, FBXW11, SYNE1, SCFV, SMCHD1, LINC00273, CDCP1, MIR486-1, ARHGEF12, MIR495, MIR146B, RBM15, MKRN2, CBX7, SMYD3, TNFRSF13B, APCDD1, KAT6B, PI4K2B, RBFOX2, MIR378A, LPAR3, CASP14, SIGIRR, TES, MBL3P, NKX2-3, RGCC, MIR23A, CBX8, ZC3H7A, VANGL2, ZMIZ1, MYLIP, MIR222, VPS13B, CBLL2, UHRF1, TRBV7-9, BLNK, ZNF296, TFPT, GOPC, ZNF695, LEXM, TIGAR, KNL1, MIR203A, IL22, FLVCR1, TRBV16, PAQR3, DNAJC2, PHGDH, IL21, FBXO9, MYCBP, PLEKHB1, MIR93, TRIB3, HSPB8, METTL14, RNU1-1, B3GAT1, MIR29A, PPM1K, MIR29C, STIM2, SGSM3, POLM, PCDH10, MARVELD2, TRDJ1, TRDD3, TRDC, NAT2, SNCA, TRIM28, GRM3, GYPE, GYPB, GYPA, GTF2H1, MSH6, GSTA1, GRIA3, HCL2, GRB10, GPR42, GPI, GNB2, GNB1, GLS, H2AZ1, HIP1, GLI1, HNRNPA1, HOXA13, HOXA11, HOXA7, HOXA6, HOXA4, HOXA3, SLC29A2, HK1, NR4A1, HMGCR, HMGB3, HMGB2, HLA-DQB1, HK2, GLI2, GJA1, ETS2, FCGR2A, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGF1, FES, FEN1, FCGR2B, FCER2, FOXO1, FAT1, FANCF, FABP4, F8, F3, EZH1, FH, FLNC, B4GALT1, NR5A1, GATA6, GATA4, GAS6, XRCC6, FUT3, GAST, NR5A2, FMOD, FRA7G, FRA6F, FXN, FPR1, FOS, FOLH1, HOXB1, HOXB2, HOXB5, LDHA, LOX, LMO1, LMNA, LLGL1, LIMS1, LGALS1, LCN2, LRP6, LAMB3, LAG3, KIR2DS5, KIR2DS4, KIR2DL1, KCNH1, LRP1, LTA, HOXB6, MAGEA1, MDK, MCM7, MCM3, MBP, MBL2, MATK, SMAD7, LTB, SMAD5, EPCAM, LYN, LY9, LTK, LTF, CD82, JUN, JARID2, PRMT1, MRPL58, IAPP, TNC, HSPA9, HSPA4, HSD11B2, HRAS, EIF6, HOXD13, HOXD@, HOXC10, HOXB9, HOXB8, HOXB7, IFIT3, IFNB1, IGF1R, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP4, IGL, IL1R1, IL1RN, IL5, IL9, IL15RA, IL17A, INPP5D, IRAK1, ITGA6, ITGA2B, EXT1, ERN1, RAD50, C1QC, SLC25A20, DDR1, CA2, FMNL1, VPS51, C4BPA, BST2, CAMK4, BRS3, ZFP36L2, BPHL, BMP2, PRDM1, BDNF, CALCA, CAMLG, BCL3, CCND2, TNFRSF8, MS4A3, CD247, CD2, CD1A, CCNG2, CCNB1, CAMP, CCNA2, CBS, CASP8, CASP7, CASP5, CAPS, TNFRSF17, BCL2L2, ERCC5, ADCY7, AIC, ADRA2B, ADRA1A, PARP4, ADD1, ADCYAP1, ADAM10, ALPI, ADA, ACVRL1, ACTG1, ACP1, ACHE, ABR, ALOX15, ALPP, BAK1, AQP8, BAG1, ATP7A, ATIC, ATF4, ARNTL, AR, APOBEC1, ANG, APCS, APAF1, AOX1, ANXA7, ANK1, ANGPT2, CD36, CD37, CD48, DAPK1, DLD, DHODH, DES, DEFB1, DECR1, ACE, DGKA, DNA2, DAG1, DACH1, CYP3A5, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, CUX1, DMBT1, DPP4, CD58, EIF4EBP1, ERBB3, EPHA1, EPAS1, ENO2, MARK2, EMD, EGF, DPYD, EFNB2, EFNB1, PHC1, EDNRB, EDNRA, TSC22D3, CTSL, CTSG, CTSB, CDR1, CHGB, AKR1C4, CHD1, CFTR, CEBPE, CDX4, CDK8, CTNND1, CDK5, CDC34, CD79B, CD79A, CD68, CD59, CHI3L1, CHRNA4, CKB, LTB4R, CNTF, CR1, CR2, CRP, CSE1L, CSF2RB, CSHL1, CSNK2A1, CSNK2A2, CSPG4, CTBP2, CTF1, CTLA4, ME2, RAB8A, MET, UQCRFS1, WNT5A, WEE1, VWF, VIM, VDAC1, USP1, UNG, XIST, UMOD, UGT1A, UFD1, UBE2E2, TYK2, TTN, WNT7A, XPC, HSP90B2P, USP7, HMGA2, ANC, HRX, RNF217-AS1, LAP, CP20, BRPF1, XRCC4, LEPQTL1, ZYX, ZNF224, TRIM25, MZF1, ZFX, TSG101, TRAF1, MGMT, TAC1, TRB, TCN2, TCF7L2, TALDO1, MAP3K7, TACR1, SUV39H1, TEF, ABCC8, SULT2A1, STC1, STAT6, SSTR4, SST, TRD, TMBIM6, TPM3, TLE1, TPD52, TP53BP2, TNR, TNFAIP3, TLR3, TLR2, TK1, TERF1, THOP1, TFRC, TFR2, TFCP2, TF, TERF2, MIA, TAM, GATD3A, LPXN, BAG3, TBPL1, LITAF, ADAMTS1, GSTO1, TJP2, RAB9A, APOBEC3B, PDLIM7, UBE2L6, MSC, NOG, PTTG1, DCLK1, BCAR1, NCOR2, USP9X, FCHSD2, ABCB6, SMC4, HDAC6, SCO2, HNRNPDL, SLC23A2, SETDB1, IKBKE, GAB2, PCLAF, TOX, HDAC4, SETD1A, SOCS5, IL1RL1, LPAR2, CBFA2T2, PIAS1, TNFRSF10D, TNFRSF11A, TNFRSF18, TNK1, EIF3D, EIF3A, DGKZ, INA, GAS7, PARG, PPM1D, SMARCA5, FZD9, FZD4, TNFRSF10C, TNFRSF10A, GGH, KSR1, ASAP2, LDB1, PER2, IER3, SQSTM1, FUBP1, SLC5A6, F2RL3, CH25H, SPAG9, DOK2, USP10, FCGR2C, SSRP1, TRIM21, SRI, PFDN5, PITX2, PIK3R2, PIK3R1, SERPINA4, ABCB4, PGD, PAX6, PKNOX1, PAWR, PRKN, REG3A, PAK1, PAEP, P2RY1, PKD2, PLAU, PRKAA2, POU4F1, PRF1, PPP5C, PPP2R5C, PPIB, PPBP, PPARA, POU3F1, PMAIP1, POU2F1, PON2, PON1, POMC, SEPTIN5, PRRX1, P2RX7, P2RX5, OPRK1, MOV10, CYTB, COX2, COX1, MSX1, MSR1, MRE11, MNDA, ODC1, MNAT1, MMP8, MMP7, MMP1, NR3C2, AFF1, MTX1, MYBL2, MYD88, NCL, NDN, NEDD8, NF1, NFATC3, NGFR, NNAT, NOS3, NPY, NOTCH4, YBX1, NT5E, ROR2, OAZ1, PRKAA1, PRKAB1, SPTBN1, SEMG1, STIL, PMEL, SHMT1, SHB, SH3GL1, SFRP5, SELPLG, SLC19A1, SELP, SELL, CLEC11A, SAI1, S100A11, S100A10, SIX1, SLC22A4, MAPK7, SOX2, SPN, SPARC, SP100, SP1, SOX11, SOX10, SOS1, SMARCA2, SOD2, SOD1, SIGLEC1, SMPD2, SMPD1, SMARCD2, RXRA, RRAS, RPS19, PTPN1, NECTIN2, PVR, PVALB, PTX3, PTPRA, PTPN13, PTN, RPS6KB1, PTGS1, PSMA7, PSEN1, PRL, MAP2K5, MAPK9, RAB27A, RAD52, RALA, RARS1, RARRES1, RASGRF1, RB1, ARID4A, RBL1, RFC1, RHEBP1, RMRP, BRD2, RPL15, RPL22, RPN1, RPS6KA3, MIR223HG
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Testicular Cancer
Wikipedia
If it has, however, the following symptoms may be present: shortness of breath ( dyspnea ), cough or coughing up blood ( hemoptysis ) from metastatic spread to the lungs [14] [15] a lump in the neck due to metastases to the lymph nodes [14] [15] Testicular cancer, cryptorchidism , hypospadias , and poor semen quality make up the syndrome known as testicular dysgenesis syndrome . ... Other risk factors include inguinal hernias , Klinefelter syndrome , and [16] mumps orchitis . [17] Physical activity is associated with decreased risk and sedentary lifestyle is associated with increased risk. ... Variant - Teratomic with somatic -type malignancy Tumours of more than one histologic type (mixed forms) Embryonal carcinoma and teratoma Teratoma and seminoma Choriocarcinoma and teratoma.embryonal carcinoma Others Sex cord/Gonadal stromal tumors Leydig cell tumor Sertoli cell tumor Lipid rich variant Scleriosing variant Large cell calcifying variant Intratubular sertoli cell neoplasia in Peutz–Jeghers syndrome Granulosa cell tumor Adult type Juvenile type Thecoma fibroma group Thecoma Fibroma Sex cord/gonadal stromal tumor - incompletely differentiated Sex cord/gonadal stromal tumor - mixed types Mixed germ cell and sex cord/gonadal stromal tumors Gonadoblastoma Germ cell-sex cord/gonadal stromal tumor, unclassified Miscellaneous tumours of the testis Lymphomas Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Mantle cell lymphoma of the testes extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of the testes Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type of the testes Peripheral T-cell lymphoma of the testes activin receptor-like kinase-1–negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the testes pediatric-type follicular lymphoma of the testes Carcinoid Tumors of ovarian epithelial types Serous tumor of borderline malignancy Serous carcinoma Well differentiated endometrioid tumor Mucinous cystadenoma Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma Brenner tumor Nephroblastoma Paraganglioma Haematopoietic tumors Tumours of collecting ducts and rete Adenoma Carcinoma Tumors of the paratesticular structures Adenomatoid tumor Malignant and benign mesothelioma Adenocarcinoma of the epididymis Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor Desmoplastic small round cell tumor Mesenchymal tumors of the spermatic cord and testicular adnexae Lipoma Liposarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Aggressive angiomyxoma Angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumor (see Myxoma ) Fibromatosis Fibroma Solitary fibrous tumor Others Secondary tumors of the testis Treatment [ edit ] The three basic types of treatment are surgery , radiation therapy , and chemotherapy . [34] Surgery is performed by urologists ; radiation therapy is administered by radiation oncologists ; and chemotherapy is the work of medical oncologists .KITLG, STK11, DMRT1, ERCC1, ERCC4, ATF7IP, BAP1, KIT, FGFR3, CTAG1A, MAGEC2, TP53, BCL10, ITGA4, CTAG1B, PCDH11X, MAGEA3, SSX2, MAGEA1, LINC00328, ANKRD36B, ZNF654, CERNA3, CCDC54, MAGEA4, SPA17, PCYT1A, PRAME, SSX2B, SPAG9, CTCFL, MAGED4, MAGED4B, SSX1, XAGE1A, SYCP1, SSX4, AKAP3, AR, XAGE1B, ESR1, AFP, STK31, PLAC1, PANX1, ACRBP, INSL3, POU5F1, SPANXC, SCPEP1, SEMG1, L1CAM, SLC12A9, CTDSP1, THEG, AZF1, DNMT1, CYP1A1, POU5F1P3, CTAG2, KLK14, CT45A1, GPT, CDKN1A, POU5F1P4, FMR1NB, SSX4B, XIST, HLA-C, MIR371A, UGT1A1, HPGDS, RASSF1, LY6K, TFDP3, DKK3, PIWIL2, DCAF12, VCX, CABYR, CT55, IGHV1-12, SULF1, SLCO1B3, KRT20, LUZP4, CD274, SMUG1, SPANXA1, LARP6, NUP62, SHC3, KLK13, DCTN4, PDE11A, TSGA10, DDX43, CT83, CCDC83, MEIOB, FAM133A, POTED, FAM71F2, GSTK1, RTL1, CSAG3, MIR142, MIR155, MIR17, MIR199A1, MIR199A2, TSPY3, SPANXB1, SPANXA2, LIN28B-AS1, LOC100288966, TSPY10, PCAT6, CSAG2, TMEM31, SPAG17, SULF2, DDX53, NXF2, RNF17, TDRD1, DNAH7, EXOSC5, EXO5, GGCT, NANOG, PPP1R13L, ACTL8, NUF2, RHOXF2, CCDC62, SCGB3A1, LEMD1, RXFP2, SPACA3, SLCO6A1, PASD1, TEKT5, TDRD5, KLK11, AADAC, KDM5B, EWSR1, FLI1, MLANA, FRZB, FSHR, ADAM2, GDF1, GJA1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GTF2H1, HDAC1, CFHR2, HLA-A, HOXA10, HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPA2, HSP90AA1, ICAM1, IFNG, IL2, INHA, ITGA5, FEN1, ERCC2, KIFC1, ERBB2, ACTB, AGRP, APEX1, STS, ARSL, ATM, BCL2, OPN1SW, BRAF, CACNA1F, MS4A1, CD63, CD69, CETN1, CHGB, CLU, CYP3A7, CYP3A5, DNMT3A, DRD1, ATN1, EGF, EGFR, JUNB, LHCGR, KHDRBS1, TRO, TYR, UQCRC2, WT1, TFPI2, YARS1, TMEFF1, TNFSF10, DLK1, CCNK, HDAC3, ACACA, AKAP4, SQSTM1, CCNA1, MBD2, ARTN, SLC16A5, PPIG, EIF2AK3, BAG3, KLK4, BMS1, POSTN, TSPY1, TEAD1, SMAD4, TAF9, MAGEA10, MDM2, MECP2, MGMT, MIF, ATXN3, MLH1, MMP9, MMP14, MRC1, MSH2, MYCN, MYO5A, NDN, NDUFS1, SERPINE1, PLEC, PODXL, PTPRC, RNH1, SHBG, FBXW4, PMEL, PROM1
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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Wikipedia
Problems may include difficulty with higher intellectual functions, short-term memory loss , dementia , amnesia , psychosis , irritability, a strange gait , speech disturbances, Parkinson's disease -like syndromes, cortical blindness , and a depressed mood . [26] [35] Depression may occur in those who did not have pre-existing depression. [36] These delayed neurological sequelae may occur in up to 50% of poisoned people after 2 to 40 days. [26] It is difficult to predict who will develop delayed sequelae; however, advanced age, loss of consciousness while poisoned, and initial neurological abnormalities may increase the chance of developing delayed symptoms. [37] One classic sign of carbon monoxide poisoning is more often seen in the dead rather than the living – people have been described as looking red-cheeked and healthy (see below). ... Differential diagnosis [ edit ] There are many conditions to be considered in the differential diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning. [16] [31] The earliest symptoms, especially from low level exposures, are often non-specific and readily confused with other illnesses, typically flu-like viral syndromes , depression , chronic fatigue syndrome , chest pain , and migraine or other headaches. [95] Carbon monoxide has been called a "great mimicker" due to the presentation of poisoning being diverse and nonspecific. [16] Other conditions included in the differential diagnosis include acute respiratory distress syndrome , altitude sickness , lactic acidosis , diabetic ketoacidosis , meningitis , methemoglobinemia , or opioid or toxic alcohol poisoning. [31] Prevention [ edit ] Carbon monoxide detector connected to a North American power outlet Detectors [ edit ] A carbon monoxide monitor clipped to the uniform of a paramedic Prevention remains a vital public health issue, requiring public education on the safe operation of appliances, heaters, fireplaces, and internal-combustion engines, as well as increased emphasis on the installation of carbon monoxide detectors . [13] Carbon monoxide is tasteless, odourless, and colourless, and therefore can not be detected by visual cues or smell. [96] The United States Consumer Product Safety Commission has stated, "carbon monoxide detectors are as important to home safety as smoke detectors are," and recommends each home have at least one carbon monoxide detector, and preferably one on each level of the building. [97] These devices, which are relatively inexpensive [98] and widely available, are either battery- or AC-powered, with or without battery backup. [99] In buildings, carbon monoxide detectors are usually installed around heaters and other equipment.
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Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
Wikipedia
Disorders such as familial hyperparathyroidism, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN Type 1) and hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome can, if left unchecked, result in OFC. [8] MEN Type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder and the most common hereditary form of hyperparathyroidism, affecting about 95% of genetic cases of OFC, and also tends to affect younger patients than other forms. ... The 2006 National Research Council confirmed kidney patients are a sub-population particularly susceptible to ill effects from fluoride exposure which manifest in bones. [15] [16] [17] fanconi syndrome, : decrease aminoacids, phosphate, glucose, bicarbonate and potasum salts. ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : E21.0 ICD - 9-CM : 252.01 OMIM : 603233 MeSH : D010002 DiseasesDB : 30721 External resources MedlinePlus : 001252 v t e Parathyroid disease Hypoparathyroidism Pseudohypoparathyroidism Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism Primary Secondary Tertiary Osteitis fibrosa cystica Other Parathyroiditis v t e Bone and joint disease Bone Inflammation endocrine : Osteitis fibrosa cystica Brown tumor infection : Osteomyelitis Sequestrum Involucrum Sesamoiditis Brodie abscess Periostitis Vertebral osteomyelitis Metabolic Bone density Osteoporosis Juvenile Osteopenia Osteomalacia Paget's disease of bone Hypophosphatasia Bone resorption Osteolysis Hajdu–Cheney syndrome Ainhum Gorham's disease Other Ischaemia Avascular necrosis Osteonecrosis of the jaw Complex regional pain syndrome Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy Nonossifying fibroma Pseudarthrosis Stress fracture Fibrous dysplasia Monostotic Polyostotic Skeletal fluorosis bone cyst Aneurysmal bone cyst Hyperostosis Infantile cortical hyperostosis Osteosclerosis Melorheostosis Pycnodysostosis Joint Chondritis Relapsing polychondritis Other Tietze's syndrome Combined Osteochondritis Osteochondritis dissecans Child leg: hip Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome tibia Osgood–Schlatter disease Blount's disease foot Köhler disease Sever's disease spine Scheuermann's_disease arm: wrist Kienböck's disease elbow Panner disease
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Allergic Rhinitis
Wikipedia
"[Relationship between pollen allergy and oral allergy syndrome]" [Relationship between Pollen Allergy and Oral Allergy Syndrome]. ... External links [ edit ] Allergic rhinitis at Curlie v t e Allergic conditions Respiratory system Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) Asthma Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Eosinophilic pneumonia Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Farmer's lung Laboratory animal allergy Skin Angioedema Urticaria Atopic dermatitis Allergic contact dermatitis Hypersensitivity vasculitis Blood and immune system Serum sickness Circulatory system Anaphylaxis Digestive system Coeliac disease Eosinophilic gastroenteritis Eosinophilic esophagitis Food allergy Egg allergy Milk intolerance Nervous system Eosinophilic meningitis Genitourinary system Acute interstitial nephritis Other conditions Drug allergy Allergic conjunctivitis Latex allergy v t e Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases Type I / allergy / atopy ( IgE ) Foreign Atopic eczema Allergic urticaria Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever) Allergic asthma Anaphylaxis Food allergy common allergies include: Milk Egg Peanut Tree nut Seafood Soy Wheat Penicillin allergy Autoimmune Eosinophilic esophagitis Type II / ADCC IgM IgG Foreign Hemolytic disease of the newborn Autoimmune Cytotoxic Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris Rheumatic fever Goodpasture syndrome Guillain–Barré syndrome " Type V "/ receptor Graves' disease Myasthenia gravis Pernicious anemia Type III ( Immune complex ) Foreign Henoch–Schönlein purpura Hypersensitivity vasculitis Reactive arthritis Farmer's lung Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Serum sickness Arthus reaction Autoimmune Systemic lupus erythematosus Subacute bacterial endocarditis Rheumatoid arthritis Type IV / cell-mediated ( T cells ) Foreign Allergic contact dermatitis Mantoux test Autoimmune Diabetes mellitus type 1 Hashimoto's thyroiditis Multiple sclerosis Coeliac disease Giant-cell arteritis Postorgasmic illness syndrome Reactive arthritis GVHD Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease Unknown/ multiple Foreign Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Transplant rejection Latex allergy (I+IV) Autoimmune Sjögren syndrome Autoimmune hepatitis Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome APS1 APS2 Autoimmune adrenalitis Systemic autoimmune disease v t e Diseases of the respiratory system Upper RT (including URTIs , common cold ) Head sinuses Sinusitis nose Rhinitis Vasomotor rhinitis Atrophic rhinitis Hay fever Nasal polyp Rhinorrhea nasal septum Nasal septum deviation Nasal septum perforation Nasal septal hematoma tonsil Tonsillitis Adenoid hypertrophy Peritonsillar abscess Neck pharynx Pharyngitis Strep throat Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Retropharyngeal abscess larynx Croup Laryngomalacia Laryngeal cyst Laryngitis Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Laryngospasm vocal cords Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Vocal fold nodule Vocal fold paresis Vocal cord dysfunction epiglottis Epiglottitis trachea Tracheitis Laryngotracheal stenosis Lower RT / lung disease (including LRTIs ) Bronchial / obstructive acute Acute bronchitis chronic COPD Chronic bronchitis Acute exacerbation of COPD ) Asthma ( Status asthmaticus Aspirin-induced Exercise-induced Bronchiectasis Cystic fibrosis unspecified Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis obliterans Diffuse panbronchiolitis Interstitial / restrictive ( fibrosis ) External agents/ occupational lung disease Pneumoconiosis Aluminosis Asbestosis Baritosis Bauxite fibrosis Berylliosis Caplan's syndrome Chalicosis Coalworker's pneumoconiosis Siderosis Silicosis Talcosis Byssinosis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Bagassosis Bird fancier's lung Farmer's lung Lycoperdonosis Other ARDS Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema Pulmonary edema Löffler's syndrome / Eosinophilic pneumonia Respiratory hypersensitivity Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Hamman-Rich syndrome Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Sarcoidosis Vaping-associated pulmonary injury Obstructive / Restrictive Pneumonia / pneumonitis By pathogen Viral Bacterial Pneumococcal Klebsiella Atypical bacterial Mycoplasma Legionnaires' disease Chlamydiae Fungal Pneumocystis Parasitic noninfectious Chemical / Mendelson's syndrome Aspiration / Lipid By vector/route Community-acquired Healthcare-associated Hospital-acquired By distribution Broncho- Lobar IIP UIP DIP BOOP-COP NSIP RB Other Atelectasis circulatory Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary embolism Lung abscess Pleural cavity / mediastinum Pleural disease Pleuritis/pleurisy Pneumothorax / Hemopneumothorax Pleural effusion Hemothorax Hydrothorax Chylothorax Empyema/pyothorax Malignant Fibrothorax Mediastinal disease Mediastinitis Mediastinal emphysema Other/general Respiratory failure Influenza Common cold SARS Coronavirus disease 2019 Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis v t e Decongestants and other nasal preparations ( R01 ) Topical Sympathomimetics , plain Cyclopentamine Ephedrine Epinephrine Fenoxazoline Levomethamphetamine Metizoline Naphazoline Oxymetazoline Phenylephrine Propylhexedrine Tetryzoline Tramazoline Tuaminoheptane Tymazoline Xylometazoline Antiallergic agents, excluding corticosteroids Spaglumic acid histamine antagonists ( Levocabastine Antazoline Thonzylamine ) mast cell stabilizer (some are also antihistamines) ( Cromoglicic acid Nedocromil Azelastine Olopatadine Lodoxamide ) Corticosteroids Beclometasone dipropionate Betamethasone # Budesonide Ciclesonide Dexamethasone Flunisolide Fluticasone ( Fluticasone furoate , Fluticasone propionate ) Mometasone furoate Prednisolone # Tixocortol Triamcinolone Triamcinolone acetonide Other nasal preparations Cafaminol Calcium hexamine thiocyanate Eucalyptus oil Framycetin Hexamidine Hyaluronan Ipratropium bromide Mupirocin Retinol Ritiometan Saline water Combination products Olopatadine/mometasone Systemic use: Sympathomimetics Phenylephrine Phenylpropanolamine Pseudoephedrine ( +loratadine ) # WHO-EM ‡ Withdrawn from market Clinical trials : † Phase III § Never to phase III Classification D ICD - 10 : J30 ICD - 9-CM : 477 OMIM : 607154 MeSH : D012221 DiseasesDB : 31140 External resources MedlinePlus : 000813 eMedicine : ent/194 med/104 , ped/2560 Patient UK : Allergic rhinitis Medicine portal Authority control GND : 4024774-0 NDL : 00807766IL13, HRH1, IL4R, ABO, TLR1, MS4A2, SPINK5, RORA, FLG, PLCL1, PLCG2, SPPL3, PVT1, ZPBP2, ABCA1, FOXP3, IL33, ATXN2, FCER1G, DAW1, SYCP2L, JAZF1, SULT1A1, LINC00486, NKAIN3, HLA-B, COX4I2, TSLP, FTO, SMAD3, ASXL2, LPP, BACH2, NFATC2, PRDM16, LAMA3, NFKB1, IL17A, COL2A1, MFSD13A, RBFOX1, IL10, IL7R, IL5, IL4, PGM3, IFNG, TTC6, CARMIL2, LINC00299, DNAH11, BSND, RERE, AQP2, RTF1, PLA2G7, CLEC16A, SIK3, TNF, CDK2AP1, ST8SIA2, RAD50, ACTR1A, IL1RL1, LINC02341, DYRK4, DCAF1, LINC02240, LINC01426, IL18R1, GATA3, LEP, IL1B, ADAM33, TLR4, IL18, RNASE3, ACE, IL6, CXCL8, IL9, ANKHD1, ANKHD1-EIF4EBP3, STK26, TGFB1, SPP1, MMP9, TLR7, ICAM1, POSTN, IL17D, MYDGF, CASP1, ALRH, IL27, CCL11, TNFSF4, SCGB1A1, CTLA4, IL37, F2RL1, CD14, IFNA13, IFNA1, IL22, ARHGEF5, TLR2, TLR8, ADIPOQ, STAT6, IL12B, SERPINE1, TLR3, VEGFA, CCL5, TIMELESS, NOTCH1, FOXJ1, IL31, ENPP3, BCL2L12, PTGDR2, PLAT, HAVCR1, TAP1, TIMD4, CCR3, NLRP3, MUC5AC, SLC52A1, NR1I2, ANO1, TAC1, NGF, PTGS2, TRPV1, TLR6, CPSF4, OMP, PTPN22, PIK3CD, VIP, PIK3CB, MRPL4, PIK3CA, RETREG1, CCL26, EMSY, BPIFA1, CCL7, CYSLTR1, PIK3CG, CCL17, CD274, MAPK1, IL25, CSF2, CD86, IL2RA, EPHB2, IL1A, ECSCR, HMGB1, MIR202, CD19, HIF1A, NRG1, CLC, EZH2, FCRL3, MIR146A, FCER1A, BDNF, BLK, TSPO, MIR143, MIR155, AGT, CHRM3, JAG1, HRH4, CRLF2, AGXT, ISG20, IRF4, CHI3L1, MATN2, ALB, CST1, SFTPA2, SOSTDC1, MIR149, PSIP1, PADI4, SIRT1, CIC, MIRLET7E, GSTK1, NPSR1, SEC14L2, MIR15A, MIR126, PRDM10, GJB6, EBI3, DEFB4B, TBPL1, POLR1C, C20orf181, CCR2, BMS1, DLEC1, ABCB6, POTEF, CALCRL, MIR21, MIR487B, GSTT2B, SFTPA1, MIR375, SEMA3A, NOD1, MIR30A, DLC1, NXF1, MIR133B, CHIA, CLEC4D, HDAC11, IL23A, ORMDL3, ORAI1, HAVCR2, FAM167A, FCRL5, DUOX1, TLR10, TLR9, LPAL2, TET1, DHX40, NOX1, FEV, TET2, ADIPOR2, P2RY12, GAS5, SDAD1, SIGIRR, IL21, IL17RB, OSGEP, EAF2, IL17F, SCGB3A2, MRGPRX2, PIK3AP1, IFNL1, IFNL2, COPD, SIGLEC7, ODF2L, IFNLR1, SLC5A8, SIT1, KLB, ICOS, DUOX2, NOX4, IL23R, CDC42EP5, HT, DOCK11, SLCO6A1, IL31RA, RBM45, ADIPOR1, PHF11, IRAK4, SOCS4, PCYT1B, ADAM17, SOCS6, HCLS1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GRP, NR3C1, GJB2, CBLIF, FN1, FLNC, FLNB, FOXO3, FCGR3A, FCGR2B, F10, ETS1, EGR1, EDA, ATN1, HARS1, HDAC1, IL32, HDC, IDO1, IL13RA2, IL12RB2, IL12RB1, CXCR2, CXCR1, IL3, IL2RB, IL1RN, IGHE, IFNB1, HNMT, HLA-G, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DPB1, DPP4, DNMT3A, DNMT1, DNAH9, PRDM1, BCL6, BCL2, FAS, APOA2, AMY1C, AMY1B, AMY1A, ALK, AKR1B1, AHR, ADRB2, PARP1, ADAM10, ADAM8, ACTB, ACACA, CALCA, CALCR, CAT, CLDN4, DMBT1, DEFB4A, DEFB1, DECR1, CYBB, CUX1, CTBS, CCR4, CD1C, CHIT1, CDKN2A, CD69, CD40, ENTPD1, CD80, CD28, JAK1, KCNK2, KLRC1, SRSF5, UCN, TYRP1, TYRO3, TNFRSF4, TWIST1, TRAF6, TNFRSF1B, TNFAIP3, TLR5, TIMP1, TGFBR2, TCF3, TAP2, AOC1, STAT3, STAT1, SOAT1, UGT8, USF2, VDR, KHSRP, HGS, SOCS3, IL1RL2, DYNLL1, SOCS1, USO1, TNFSF11, KLF11, VIM, EPX, GAN, ADAM12, CXCR4, WNT2B, VIPR2, VIPR1, SFTPD, CCL24, KNG1, CCL20, NFIA, NEU2, NEU1, MTNR1A, MTHFR, COX2, MMP7, SCGB2A2, SCGB2A1, MC1R, MBL2, SMAD2, LTC4S, LOX, LGALS3, LCK, LBR, NOS2, NPY, NT5E, PTGDR, CCL13, CCL2, S100A7, RORC, RNASE2, RGS1, RAG2, PRKCD, OSM, PPARG, PPARA, POMC, PLAU, SLC26A4, PBX2, SERPINB2, MTCO2P12
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Necrotizing Fasciitis
Wikipedia
Infection that results in the death of the body's soft tissue Necrotizing fasciitis Other names Flesh-eating bacteria, flesh-eating bacteria syndrome, [1] necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI), [2] fasciitis necroticans Person with necrotizing fasciitis. ... Both types of bacteria can progress rapidly and manifest as toxic shock syndrome . Streptococcus species produce M protein , which acts as a superantigen , stimulating a massive systemic immune response which is not effective against the bacterial antigen, precipitating shock. ... In the case of NSTIs, empiric antibiotics are broad-spectrum, covering gram-positive (including MRSA), gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria. [18] While studies have compared moxifloxacin (a fluoroquinolone) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (a penicillin) and evaluated appropriate duration of treatment (varying from 7 to 21 days), no definitive conclusions on the efficacy of treatment, ideal duration of treatment, or the adverse effects could be made due to poor-quality evidence. [18] Add on therapy [ edit ] Hyperbaric oxygen : While human and animal studies have shown that high oxygen tension in tissues helps to reduce edema, stimulate fibroblast growth, increase the killing ability of white blood cells, inhibit bacterial toxin release, and increase antibiotic efficacy, [2] no high-quality trials have been shown to support or refute the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with NSTIs. [18] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) : No clear difference between using IVIG and placebo has been shown in the treatment of NSTIs, and one study showed serious adverse effects with IVIG use, including acute kidney injury, allergic reactions, aseptic meningitis syndrome, haemolytic anaemia, thrombi, and transmissible agents. [18] AB103 : One study assessed the efficacy of a new type of treatment that affects the immune response, called AB103. ... He got the disease during a trip to Thailand. [32] 2018 Alex Smith , an American football quarterback for the Washington Football Team of the National Football League (NFL), contracted the disease after being injured during a game. [33] He suffered an open compound fracture in his lower leg, which became infected. [34] Smith narrowly avoided amputation, and eventually returned to playing professional football in October 2020. [35] Smith's injury and recovery is the subject of the ESPN documentary "E60 Presents: Project 11". [36] See also [ edit ] Capnocytophaga canimorsus Gangrene Mucormycosis , a rare fungal infection that can resemble necrotizing fasciitis (See type IV NF listing above) Noma (disease) Toxic shock syndrome Vibrio vulnificus References [ edit ] ^ Rakel, David; Rakel, Robert E. (2015). ... Necrotizing fasciitis at Curlie LRINEC Score Online Classification D ICD - 10 : M72.6 ICD - 9-CM : 728.86 MeSH : D019115 DiseasesDB : 31119 External resources MedlinePlus : 001443 eMedicine : emerg/332 derm/743 v t e Soft tissue disorders Capsular joint Synoviopathy Synovitis / Tenosynovitis Calcific tendinitis Stenosing tenosynovitis Trigger finger De Quervain syndrome Transient synovitis Ganglion cyst osteochondromatosis Synovial osteochondromatosis Plica syndrome villonodular synovitis Giant-cell tumor of the tendon sheath Bursopathy Bursitis Olecranon Prepatellar Trochanteric Subacromial Achilles Retrocalcaneal Ischial Iliopsoas Synovial cyst Baker's cyst Calcific bursitis Noncapsular joint Symptoms Ligamentous laxity Hypermobility Enthesopathy / Enthesitis / Tendinopathy upper limb Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder Impingement syndrome Rotator cuff tear Golfer's elbow Tennis elbow lower limb Iliotibial band syndrome Patellar tendinitis Achilles tendinitis Calcaneal spur Metatarsalgia Bone spur other/general: Tendinitis / Tendinosis Nonjoint Fasciopathy Fasciitis : Plantar Nodular Necrotizing Eosinophilic Fibromatosis / contracture Dupuytren's contracture Plantar fibromatosis Aggressive fibromatosis Knuckle pads
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Bulimia Nervosa
Wikipedia
A type of eating disorder Bulimia nervosa Other names Bulimia Loss of enamel ( acid erosion ) from the inside of the upper front teeth as a result of bulimia Specialty Psychiatry , clinical psychology Symptoms Eating a large amount of food in a short amount of time followed by vomiting or the use of laxatives , often normal weight [1] [2] Complications Breakdown of the teeth, depression , anxiety , substance abuse , suicide [2] [3] Causes Genetic and environmental factors [2] [4] Diagnostic method Based on person's medical history [5] Differential diagnosis Anorexia , binge eating disorder , Kleine-Levin syndrome , borderline personality disorder [5] Treatment Cognitive behavioral therapy [2] [6] Medication Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors , tricyclic antidepressant [4] [7] Prognosis Half recover over 10 years with treatment [4] Frequency 3.6 million (2015) [8] Bulimia nervosa , also known as simply bulimia , is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging. [2] Binge eating refers to eating a large amount of food in a short amount of time. [2] Purging refers to the attempts to get rid of the food consumed. [2] This may be done by vomiting or taking laxatives . [2] Other efforts to lose weight may include the use of diuretics , stimulants , water fasting , or excessive exercise. [2] [4] Most people with bulimia are at a normal weight. [1] The forcing of vomiting may result in thickened skin on the knuckles and breakdown of the teeth. [2] Bulimia is frequently associated with other mental disorders such as depression , anxiety , and problems with drugs or alcohol. [2] There is also a higher risk of suicide and self-harm . [3] Bulimia is more common among those who have a close relative with the condition. [2] The percentage risk that is estimated to be due to genetics is between 30% and 80%. [4] Other risk factors for the disease include psychological stress , cultural pressure to attain a certain body type, poor self-esteem, and obesity . [2] [4] Living in a culture that promotes dieting and having parents that worry about weight are also risks. [4] Diagnosis is based on a person's medical history; [5] however, this is difficult, as people are usually secretive about their binge eating and purging habits. [4] Further, the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa takes precedence over that of bulimia. [4] Other similar disorders include binge eating disorder , Kleine-Levin syndrome , and borderline personality disorder . [5] Cognitive behavioral therapy is the primary treatment for bulimia. [2] [6] Antidepressants of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or tricyclic antidepressant classes may have a modest benefit. [4] [7] While outcomes with bulimia are typically better than in those with anorexia, the risk of death among those affected is higher than that of the general population. [3] At 10 years after receiving treatment about 50% of people are fully recovered. [4] Globally, bulimia was estimated to affect 3.6 million people in 2015. [8] About 1% of young women have bulimia at a given point in time and about 2% to 3% of women have the condition at some point in their lives. [3] The condition is less common in the developing world. [4] Bulimia is about nine times more likely to occur in women than men. [5] Among women, rates are highest in young adults. [5] Bulimia was named and first described by the British psychiatrist Gerald Russell in 1979. [9] [10] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 1.1 Interoceptive 1.2 Related disorders 2 Causes 2.1 Biological 2.2 Social 3 Diagnosis 3.1 Criteria 4 Treatment 4.1 Psychotherapy 4.2 Medication 4.3 Alternative medicine 5 Epidemiology 6 History 6.1 Etymology 6.2 Before the 20th century 6.3 20th century 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] How bulimia affects the body The erosion on the lower teeth was caused by bulimia. ... Studies have shown that women with hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome have a dysregulation of appetite, along with carbohydrates and fats. ... "Prognosis of adolescent partial syndromes of eating disorder" . The British Journal of Psychiatry . 192 (4): 294–9. doi : 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.031112 . ... "On the emergence of bulimia nervosa as a syndrome a historical view". International Journal of Eating Disorders . 2 (3): 3–16. doi : 10.1002/1098-108X(198321)2:3<3::AID-EAT2260020302>3.0.CO;2-D . ^ a b Kendler KS, MacLean C, Neale M, Kessler R, Heath A, Eaves L (December 1991). ... Wikiquote has quotations related to: Bulimia nervosa Classification D ICD - 10 : F50.2 ICD - 9-CM : 307.51 OMIM : 607499 MeSH : D052018 DiseasesDB : 1770 External resources MedlinePlus : 000341 eMedicine : emerg/810 med/255 v t e Mental and behavioral disorders Adult personality and behavior Gender dysphoria Ego-dystonic sexual orientation Paraphilia Fetishism Voyeurism Sexual maturation disorder Sexual relationship disorder Other Factitious disorder Munchausen syndrome Intermittent explosive disorder Dermatillomania Kleptomania Pyromania Trichotillomania Personality disorder Childhood and learning Emotional and behavioral ADHD Conduct disorder ODD Emotional and behavioral disorders Separation anxiety disorder Movement disorders Stereotypic Social functioning DAD RAD Selective mutism Speech Stuttering Cluttering Tic disorder Tourette syndrome Intellectual disability X-linked intellectual disability Lujan–Fryns syndrome Psychological development ( developmental disabilities ) Pervasive Specific Mood (affective) Bipolar Bipolar I Bipolar II Bipolar NOS Cyclothymia Depression Atypical depression Dysthymia Major depressive disorder Melancholic depressioSLC6A4, CHODL, NKAIN3, BDNF, LEP, OPN1SW, COMT, DRD4, HTR2A, TAL1, SCLY, KRT7, GHRL, HTR2C, MC4R, MCL1, PYY, NR3C1, SLC6A3, HTR1B, BED, ADIPOQ, DRD2, GHSR, GCG, FAAH, DST, CNR1, GLP1R, DPP4, CLOCK, ZGLP1, WASF3, CIT, TBC1D9, OR4G1P, OR2AG1, MBOAT4, CTNNBIP1, GGCT, FTO, LINC00880, EHMT1, NT5C1B, SYTL5, HTR3B, ATP8A2, AGRP, PEA15, MMP9, CCND1, ESR1, ESR2, GH1, GPT, HTR1A, HTR3A, IGF1, IGF2, NTRK2, ST8SIA4, OCA2, OXTR, ALDH1A1, BRD2, SHBG, SLC2A1, SNCA, SULT1A1, TPH1, ABCB1
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Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Wikipedia
Significant and potentially lethal therapeutic complications of this therapy included development of the cytokine release syndrome (21% of cases), neurotoxicity, i.e. the CAR-T cell-related encephalopathy syndrome (9% of cases), [34] and the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage-activation syndrome (i.e. a form of Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis ). [35] Individual studies within and outside of this meta-analysis have reported remissions lasting >2 years but also lethal cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity responses to this therapy. [32] As a consequence of these studies, the Committee for Advanced Therapies and the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the European Medicines Agency recommend granting marketing authorization for tisagenlecleucel (i.e. chimeric antigen receptor T cells directed against CD19) in adult patients with DLBCL, NOS who have relapsed after or are refractory to two or more lines of systemic therapy. [36] The Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products of the European Medicines Agency recommends tisagenlecleucel retain its orphan drug designation. [36] The USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also approved the use of this drug for relapsed or refractory DLBCL of the large B-cell lymphoma subtype in patients who have failed after two or more lines of systemic therapy. [37] Monoclonal antibodies directed against CD19, CD22, CD30, and PD-L1 have been developed for use as immunotherapeutic agents in other hematological malignancies and are being or plan to be tested for their usefulness in DLBCL, NOS. [22] In August 2020, the FDA approved the humanized Fc-modified cytolytic CD19 targeting monoclonal antibody tafasitamab in combination with lenalidomide as a treatment for adult patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL [38] Emerging therapies [ edit ] Neoplastic cell expression of CD30 in DLBCL, NOS is a favorable prognostic indicator; in these cases, brentuximab vedotin may be a useful addition to chemotherapy treatment protocols. ... IVLBCL may be associated with the hemophagic syndrome (i.e. excessive cytokine secretion and systemic inflammation). Patients afflicted with the latter syndrome have very short survival times. [12] The poor prognosis of this disease has been significantly improved by rituximab or similar immunochemotherapy drugs but significant proportions of these responding cases relapse, often with central nervous system involvement. [45] Large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement [ edit ] Main article: IRF4 Large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement (LBCL with IRF4 rearrangement) is a DLBCL in which tissue infiltrates containing intermediate- or large-sized neoplastic B-cells strongly express a chromosomal translocation involving the IRF4 gene on the short arm of chromosome 6. ... Lymphomatoid granulomatosis almost always involves the lung but may concurrently involve the brain, peripheral nervous system, skin, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and/or upper respiratory tract; LYG has an increased incidence in persons with Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome or HIV or who are immunosuppression due to chemotherapy or organ transplantation. [12] The disease's prognosis is highly variable: patients with low grade disease often require no therapy except watchful waiting while patients with high grade disease usually require chemotherapy. [46] Primary effusion lymphoma [ edit ] Main article: Primary effusion lymphoma Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a DLBCL in which neoplastic B cells that resemble immunoblasts, plasmablasts, or Reed–Sternberg cells infiltrate the pleural , pericardial , or peritoneal membranes that surround the lungs, heart, and abdominal organs, respectively.EZH2, MYD88, CARD11, PIK3CD, CD79B, CD79A, PRDM1, CD274, PIK3CG, MYC, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, ALK, PIK3CB, ABCB1, BCL2, MALT1, CREBBP, EP300, JAK2, FAS, FOXO1, GLI1, B2M, KMT2D, ABCG2, CDK2, RPS6KB1, GNA13, STAT6, CDK1, IRF8, FBXO11, IKZF1, NOTCH2, SKP2, CLTC, PDPK1, PRDM11, RANGAP1, NECTIN2, SOD2, SGK1, SOD3, NOM1, PRDX3, SPEN, CAT, TRAF5, TP53, TXNIP, BCAS2, SEC31A, CCDC86, PRDX4, IMMP2L, SMURF2, HLA-B, CD86, SMUG1, PWWP3A, TNFRSF8, ARAP3, MIR34A, GBA, NCOA5, BCL10, AICDA, DDIT3, CDC42BPB, FOXP1, RTEL1, IGH, MIR155, NPR2, NOS2, TNF, KRT20, TNPO2, STAT3, MIR21, LMO2, NOS1, AKT1, SYK, CCND1, KALRN, CXCR4, MCL1, MME, IGHV3-69-1, PVT1, MMEL1, MGMT, IL10, IRF4, BTK, DLEU1, ATM, ABCB6, BCL6, CD19, MS4A1, FCGR3A, LOC102723407, H3P10, PAX5, PRKAR1A, PTEN, IL6, LOC102724971, SPG7, CXADR, ARR3, FOXP3, CASR, PDLIM7, TRIM13, NR1I3, BIRC3, NFKB1, CXADRP1, IL2, CCND2, CD40, SOAT1, TCL1A, MEF2B, REL, MET, GSTP1, MCTS1, PDE4B, PDCD1, SLC16A1, CDKN1B, PDCD1LG2, PIM1, IGHV3OR16-7, HDAC9, IL4, HDAC6, SDC1, DNER, TBC1D9, MCAT, MDM2, ALB, CDKN2B, CDR3, TNFAIP3, TCL1B, HTC2, CMA1, MTHFR, CCND3, ZC3H12D, DAPK1, WEE1, VEGFA, TP63, CTNNB1, MIR17HG, GCSAM, CD44, CD38, PLK1, GSTT1, PTPN6, GSTM1, FHIT, MAPK3, ERCC2, MAPK1, MTOR, CDK4, BCL3, SOCS1, SMAD1, CASP3, LTA, XBP1, CD22, TNFSF13B, LAIR1, KMT2B, TET2, BCL2A1, BACH2, IFNG, CD163, S1PR2, LIG4, IL21, MIR15A, HSP90AA1, NFKB2, PARP9, CDK9, KRAS, UHMK1, MTA3, POU2F2, IL21R, PDE4A, MLH1, JAK1, ACKR3, MKI67, HIF1A, KMT2A, MIR155HG, MTX1, MUC1, NEK2, NRAS, HLA-DRB1, KLHL6, HLA-C, NCAM1, LGALS1, CDKN1C, CXCL12, SERPINA9, BCR, SLC22A2, ARID1A, LOC390714, CUX1, SOX11, CIB1, SPIB, SPN, SPP1, MRPL28, CR2, CASP1, TPX2, CCK, TRBV20OR9-2, CHEK2, FOXM1, MIR224, SUB1, CD37, TXN, SIRT1, CD58, H3P9, PTPN1, EPHB2, NXT1, FCGR2A, PTPRC, LOC105379528, SART3, RHOH, CES2, PARP1, CCL2, CCL5, APC, MSH3, WRN, MIB1, LPP, EZR, VIM, MTAP, SLC16A4, UVRAG, DCTN6, SLC16A3, XPO1, MBTPS1, XRCC1, PRMT5, MAL, EBI3, CFLAR, EFS, UCHL1, MAD2L1, LYN, EXOC2, MDM4, SOCS3, ZNRD2, HIP1R, ZAP70, MTA1, DIABLO, PRKCB, TYMS, HPGDS, SLC19A1, PMEL, BRD4, CRBN, SCT, IBTK, RPE65, SND1, RFC1, PLCG2, MXI1, IRAK4, PTPRO, TMED7, POLD1, POU2AF1, PTPN2, IGK, IL22, PSMD9, PCNA, SLPI, ABL2, SMO, TRAF6, TRAF3, NR2C2, TP73, CKAP4, NFATC1, NFE2L2, PSIP1, NME1, ZEB1, MAP3K7, KDM6B, TLR9, STAT1, ACSBG1, NOTCH1, ROR1, OAS3, SPI1, SLC7A4, SMARCA4, LGALS3, GRN, FKBP4, CCNE1, CASP9, FLT1, MIR497, GABPA, GAPDH, C1QA, ANTXR2, GNA12, GOT2, TNFRSF13C, GPX4, BTG1, HSPA4, GTF2H4, GZMB, H2AX, BRCA1, MTDH, HK2, BPI, HLA-DQB1, HMGB1, HAVCR2, TMED7-TICAM2, BDNF, NR4A1, FCGR3B, FASN, ETS1, CD28, CRP, CSF2, MIR146A, MIRLET7B, MALAT1, MIR17, MIR195, TICAM2, DNMT1, DNMT3A, MIR214, E2F1, MIR223, EIF4B, CDKN1A, EIF4E, MIR23A, EIF4EBP1, CDH1, MIR31, CD70, ERCC5, BTLA, DTX3L, ESR2, CD36, ETFA, OPN1SW, MIR142, ASCC2, PPP1R2C, IL2RA, IL4R, CXCL8, IL10RA, ID3, IL17A, VTCN1, BIRC5, IRF1, ISG20, RAPH1, ITGAX, ITPR2, H3P23, H3P42, ADA, KDR, ACVRL1, GAS5, LAG3, LAMC2, LBR, ACTB, ATP7A, TNFRSF9, ATR, BCL2L2-PABPN1, BCL2L2, IFI27, HDAC4, IL24, WIF1, RASSF1, MIR221, CORO1A, GLMN, IL1RAPL1, MIR222, CCR2, PIM2, BCL2L10, METAP2, H3P47, TNIP1, COPS5, SH3BP5, MIR25, MIR27A, MIR27B, MELK, MIR28, MIR22, VSIG4, CD300A, SNHG16, NCR2, RCOR1, AIM2, PASK, MIR145, RAD50, LINC01672, MIR150, MIR16-1, SPART, KDM1A, MIR30A, MAP4K4, MIR1234, MIR197, MLXIP, BCL2L11, MIR200C, SYCE1L, MIR210, PHB2, HOTAIR, MIR29C, NAPSA, POTEF, MIR33A, MIR494, RACK1, RBCK1, NCOR2, AHSA1, CCT4, MIR504, CXCL13, SNHG14, MIR4638, POU5F1P3, TP53COR1, ANP32B, YAP1, BATF, POU5F1P4, PANDAR, MIR144, USP34, HULC, D2HGDH, CIB2, MAD2L2, LUNAR1, MIR146B, NCOR1, KEAP1, BAG3, HSPH1, MASP2, WARS2, MNS16A, MIR99A, MTCO2P12, MIR135B, LRP1-AS, NPM3, MTSS1, SMAD5-AS1, BCLAF1, MIR148B, CXCR6, MIR328, MIR431, PRDX6, MIR323B, MIR451A, MIR511, WTAP, LINC00273, NEAT1, MDN1, KDM2B, MAP3K20, BCL11A, IL17D, FCRLA, PRKAG3, RIPK4, GLIS2, MIR127, MIXL1, FSD1L, ARHGAP24, PARP14, LY6K, DOHH, ORAI1, IL23A, CHRDL1, UCHL5, NAPRT, C1RL, MZB1, CGB5, FOXP2, CGB8, PRRT2, LEF1, CARD16, RMDN1, ASCC1, RASGRP4, MSI2, FCRL4, DOCK8, TRPM4, EAF2, KLHL1, PCDH10, GRAP2, SLC5A7, NDRG2, NSD1, GMCL1, PCBP4, GORASP1, P2RY12, WNK1, MYDGF, LMO3, FSD1, PAG1, MAP1LC3B, MORC4, CCAR1, RNF34, NLRP2, SYBU, MEG3, LAPTM4B, FBXW7, RMDN3, TUG1, ELL3, MPIG6B, DEFB126, PGPEP1, IL31RA, F11R, SLCO6A1, SIRT3, CNRIP1, FOXK1, CNOT6L, RNF19A, SSBP2, IL27, AMACR, PATZ1, NUTM1, SLAMF7, LOC283177, PRAME, LYPD5, FIRRE, ILDR1, TES, EIF4E3, DICER1, TSPAN33, ZACN, GSTK1, SLC27A1, CRTC1, TMEM189, TMEM189-UBE2V1, NEDD4L, SIK2, MIRLET7G, MIR10A, MIR125A, POLDIP2, PHGDH, PPARGC1B, COMMD1, ADGRE2, CD109, PASD1, HT, VPREB3, BLNK, IL34, LGALS13, MYLIP, PYCARD, APCDD1, LYPD4, LGALS16, SETD2, IGHV3-23, CKAP2, IGHV3-52, RMDN2, IGHV4-34, EML4, SGSM3, NKX6-3, UBR1, CRTC2, AGO2, KLHDC8B, MORC1, MARCHF8, RASGEF1A, HAVCR1, CXCL16, NAT2, KL, GCLC, FLI1, FN1, FOS, FOSB, KDSR, XRCC6, GATA2, GATA3, GEM, GLI2, LIF, GPI, XCR1, MKNK2, GPX1, NR3C1, GSTA1, GUCA1B, HDAC2, HELLS, FBP1, FABP7, ETV6, ETV5, ATN1, DUSP4, DVL3, S1PR1, EFNA5, EFNB2, EGF, EGR3, EIF4A1, EIF4A2, ELAVL2, ELF3, ENO2, EPHA4, EPHX1, EPO, ERG, ERN1, ESR1, HGF, HIC1, HLA-DQA1, IL9, IL13, IDO1, CXCL10, INPP5D, IRAK1, IRF2, ISL1, ITGAM, ITPR1, ITPR3, JAK3, JUN, JUNB, JUND, KIF2A, KIR3DL1, LAMP1, LCK, LEP, IL10RB, IL1B, HLA-G, IL1A, HLX, HMMR, HMOX1, HNMT, HNRNPK, TLX1, HSPA8, MRPL58, IDH1, IDH2, IFNA1, IFNA13, IFNB1, IGF1, IGHA1, IGHM, JCHAIN, IGL, IKBKB, DPP4, DOCK2, DNMT3B, BLK, BMI1, BMP6, BRAF, BRCA2, BUB1B, BYSL, TSPO, SERPING1, CACNA1C, CALD1, CALR, CASP8, RUNX3, CCNH, CCNT1, CD247, CD5, CD14, CD27, CXCR5, BIK, CD59, BGN, ABO, ADAM10, AHR, ALDH1A1, AMCN, AMPD1, ANXA5, APAF1, XIAP, APP, APRT, RHOA, ARNT, STS, ATF3, BAX, BCL2L1, BCL7A, NBEAP1, CD47, CD63, NQO1, CCR8, CNC2, CNP, COL3A1, CRK, CRY1, MAPK14, CSE1L, CSF1R, CSF3, CSNK2B, CTLA4, CX3CR1, CYBA, CYP1A1, CYP17A1, CYP24A1, DAP, DAXX, DCK, ABCC2, CCR7, CD68, CCR1, CD74, CD81, ADGRE5, CDC20, CDC25C, CDH11, CDH13, CDK3, CDK5, CDK6, CDS1, CEBPA, CGA, CGB3, CHEK1, FOXN3, CHGB, CHM, CLU, LEPR, LMNA, SLIT2, UBE2V1, TNFRSF1B, TOP1, TOP2A, TP53BP1, TP53BP2, TPM3, TPT1, UBA52, UBE2N, UCN, LMNB1, UGCG, UMOD, VAV1, WARS1, YY1, ZNF134, ZBTB17, PRDM2, BTG2, TMSB4X, TLR1, TLE1, NKX2-1, SPARC, SPRR1A, SRM, STAT5A, STAT5B, STIM1, SYN2, SYT1, TAP2, TAT, TCF4, TCF7, TRA, TRB, TRG, TFF3, TGFB1, TGFBR1, THOP1, BAG6, AIMP2, ARHGEF5, TNFRSF14, FADD, TNFRSF10B, HDAC3, CDK5R1, PER3, PER2, ARHGEF7, SPHK1, TIMELESS, MBD2, BTRC, P4HA2, NOL3, MAP3K14, AIP, PIAS2, USP14, CD83, RPL23, TNFRSF6B, TNFSF10, NR4A3, TNFSF13, MLLT10, HMGA2, CLLS2, USP11, USP9X, SMC1A, PICALM, CDC7, SPOP, NR0B2, CUL4B, OGT, CAMK1, MKNK1, RFXANK, NCOA1, EIF4G3, EED, RIPK1, SOX2, SNAP25, SLC8A1, NBN, NEDD8, NFATC2, NFE2L1, NGF, NODAL, NOTCH3, NPM1, NRF1, NT5E, NTRK1, P2RY1, SERPINB2, PCYT1A, PDK1, PECAM1, PHB, PLAGL1, PLG, PLOD2, NCL, MTRR, POLA1, MTR, LPL, LRMP, SH2D1A, MXD1, SMAD5, MAP4, MBP, MC1R, BORCS8-MEF2B, MFAP1, CIITA, CD99, CXCL9, FOXO4, ABCC1, MSH2, MSN, MST1R, COX2, PMAIP1, POU5F1, SIAH1, RDX, RELB, RGS1, RNASEL, BRD2, RPS6, RPS6KA1, RPS6KA2, RPS6KA3, RPS20, RREB1, S100A8, CCL3, CCL4, CCL13, CCL18, CCL22, SELL, SELPLG, SET, RELA, OPN1LW, PPA1, RBL1, PTPA, PPP2R5E, PRKAA2, PRKCA, MAPK11, MAP2K7, LGMN, PSMB5, PSMB9, PTH, PTGS2, PTMS, PTPN13, PTPRD, PTPRJ, RAD1, RAD23B, RAD51, RARA, H3P40
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Back Pain
Wikipedia
The risk for lumbar disc disease is increased in overweight individuals due to the increased compressive force on the nucleus pulposus. [18] Lumbar disc herniation Severe spinal cord compression is considered a surgical emergency and requires decompression to preserve motor and sensory function. Cauda equina syndrome refers to severe compression of the cauda equina and presents initially with pain followed by motor and sensory. [14] Bladder incontinence is seen in later stages of the cauda equina syndrome. [ citation needed ] Degenerative disease [ edit ] Spondylosis , or degenerative arthritis of the spine, occurs when the intervertebral disc undergoes degenerative changes, causing the disc to fail at cushioning the vertebrae. ... The steroid medications reduce inflammation and thus decrease pain and improve function. [56] ESI has long been used to both diagnose and treat back pain, although recent studies have shown a lack of efficacy in treating low back pain. [57] Surgery [ edit ] Surgery for back pain is typically used as a last resort, when serious neurological deficit is evident. [42] A 2009 systematic review of back surgery studies found that, for certain diagnoses, surgery is moderately better than other common treatments, but the benefits of surgery often decline in the long term. [58] Surgery may sometimes be appropriate for people with severe myelopathy or cauda equina syndrome . [42] Causes of neurological deficits can include spinal disc herniation , spinal stenosis , degenerative disc disease , tumor , infection, and spinal hematomas , all of which can impinge on the nerve roots around the spinal cord. [42] There are multiple surgical options to treat back pain, and these options vary depending on the cause of the pain. ... OCLC 894996548 . ^ a b Orendácová J, Cízková D, Kafka J, Lukácová N, Marsala M, Sulla I, et al. (August 2001). "Cauda equina syndrome". Progress in Neurobiology . 64 (6): 613–37. doi : 10.1016/S0301-0082(00)00065-4 . ... Non-specific Back Pain Guidelines 2017 - Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington Wikimedia Commons has media related to Back pain . v t e Pain By region/system Head and neck Headache Neck Odynophagia (swallowing) Toothache Respiratory system Sore throat Pleurodynia Musculoskeletal Arthralgia (joint) Bone pain Myalgia (muscle) Acute Delayed-onset Neurologic Neuralgia Pain asymbolia Pain disorder Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder Allodynia Chronic pain Hyperalgesia Hypoalgesia Hyperpathia Phantom pain Referred pain Congenital insensitivity to pain congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis congenital insensitivity to pain with partial anhidrosis Other Pelvic pain Proctalgia Back Low back pain Measurement and testing Pain scale Cold pressor test Dolorimeter Grimace scale (animals) Hot plate test Tail flick test Visual analogue scale Pathophysiology Nociception Anterolateral system Posteromarginal nucleus Substance P Management Analgesia Anesthesia Cordotomy Pain eradication Related concepts Pain threshold Pain tolerance Suffering SOCRATES Philosophy of pain Cancer pain Drug-seeking behavior v t e Spinal disease Deforming Spinal curvature Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis Other Scheuermann's disease Torticollis Spondylopathy inflammatory Spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis Sacroiliitis Discitis Spondylodiscitis Pott disease non inflammatory Spondylosis Spondylolysis Spondylolisthesis Retrolisthesis Spinal stenosis Facet syndrome Back pain Neck pain Upper back pain Low back pain Coccydynia Sciatica Radiculopathy Intervertebral disc disorder Schmorl's nodes Degenerative disc disease Spinal disc herniation Facet joint arthrosis Medicine portalPLAT, HTR2A, HGD, HLA-B, LRP5, SUFU, CFI, TP53, SYNE2, PALLD, KRAS, SEC63, DLL3, LMNA, LMX1B, HELLPAR, CFH, CD46, TCIRG1, PLEKHM1, TMEM94, NF2, PDGFB, PRKCSH, SLC20A2, SMARCB1, SOX5, VCP, SMAD4, SYNE1, DIS3L2, BRCA1, FLI1, CAPN3, FHL1, CDKN2A, TMEM43, EMD, PALB2, VANGL1, CLCN7, ATP7B, MESP2, BRCA2, DCC, CRP, SMS, RSS, SPNS1, NARS1, CNTN3, TSPO, GLA, ZNF35, IS1, SPARC, AR, TP63, TNF, IL10, CXCL8, CD38, CSF1R, CD6, IL6, MOCOS, DEF6, MCF2L2, TRAPPC9, RGS6, BEST1, CREB3L1, GDF5, ZC4H2, BAS, SPTLC1, ACR, TNFRSF1A, CCN1, STS, AVP, CALCA, CD74, CSF1, CSF2, ACE, DMD, DPEP1, ESR1, FTH1, HLA-C, HMGB1, HP, IL1B, SPINK1, IL1RN, IL4, LAMC2, LEP, SMCP, MIF, AMH, MOS, MPO, NDUFS4, OGN, PIK3C2A, RASA1, CCL2, MMP1
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Travelers' Diarrhea
Wikipedia
TD is defined as the passage of unformed stool (one or more by some definitions, three or more by others) while traveling. [2] [3] It may be accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, fever, and bloating. [3] Occasionally bloody diarrhea may occur. [5] Most travelers recover within four days with little or no treatment. [3] About 10% of people may have symptoms for a week. [3] Bacteria are responsible for more than half of cases. [3] The bacteria enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are typically the most common except in Southeast Asia , where Campylobacter is more prominent. [2] [3] About 10 to 20 percent of cases are due to norovirus . [3] Protozoa such as Giardia may cause longer term disease. [3] The risk is greatest in the first two weeks of travel and among young adults. [2] People affected are more often from the developed world . [2] Recommendations for prevention include eating only properly cleaned and cooked food, drinking bottled water , and frequent hand washing . [4] The oral cholera vaccine , while effective for cholera , is of questionable use for travelers' diarrhea. [6] Preventive antibiotics are generally discouraged. [3] Primary treatment includes rehydration and replacing lost salts ( oral rehydration therapy ). [3] [4] Antibiotics are recommended for significant or persistent symptoms, and can be taken with loperamide to decrease diarrhea. [3] Hospitalization is required in less than 3 percent of cases. [2] Estimates of the percentage of people affected range from 20 to 50 percent among travelers to the developing world . [3] TD is particularly common among people travelling to Asia (except for Japan and Singapore), the Middle East, Africa, Mexico, and Central and South America. [4] [7] The risk is moderate in Southern Europe , Russia, and China. [8] TD has been linked to later irritable bowel syndrome and Guillain–Barré syndrome . [2] [3] It has colloquially been known by a number of names, including "Montezuma's revenge" and "Delhi belly". [9] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Causes 2.1 Risk factors 2.2 Immunity 3 Prevention 3.1 Sanitation 3.2 Water 3.3 Medications 3.4 Vaccination 3.5 Probiotics 4 Treatment 4.1 Antibiotics 4.2 Antimotility agents 5 Epidemiology 6 Society and culture 6.1 Wilderness diarrhea 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] The onset of TD usually occurs within the first week of travel, but may occur at any time while traveling, and even after returning home, depending on the incubation period of the infectious agent. ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. v t e Proteobacteria -associated Gram-negative bacterial infections α Rickettsiales Rickettsiaceae / ( Rickettsioses ) Typhus Rickettsia typhi Murine typhus Rickettsia prowazekii Epidemic typhus , Brill–Zinsser disease , Flying squirrel typhus Spotted fever Tick-borne Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia conorii Boutonneuse fever Rickettsia japonica Japanese spotted fever Rickettsia sibirica North Asian tick typhus Rickettsia australis Queensland tick typhus Rickettsia honei Flinders Island spotted fever Rickettsia africae African tick bite fever Rickettsia parkeri American tick bite fever Rickettsia aeschlimannii Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection Mite-borne Rickettsia akari Rickettsialpox Orientia tsutsugamushi Scrub typhus Flea-borne Rickettsia felis Flea-borne spotted fever Anaplasmataceae Ehrlichiosis : Anaplasma phagocytophilum Human granulocytic anaplasmosis , Anaplasmosis Ehrlichia chaffeensis Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia ewingii Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection Rhizobiales Brucellaceae Brucella abortus Brucellosis Bartonellaceae Bartonellosis : Bartonella henselae Cat-scratch disease Bartonella quintana Trench fever Either B. henselae or B. quintana Bacillary angiomatosis Bartonella bacilliformis Carrion's disease , Verruga peruana β Neisseriales M+ Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus Meningococcal disease , Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome , Meningococcal septicaemia M− Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus Gonorrhea ungrouped: Eikenella corrodens / Kingella kingae HACEK Chromobacterium violaceum Chromobacteriosis infection Burkholderiales Burkholderia pseudomallei Melioidosis Burkholderia mallei Glanders Burkholderia cepacia complex Bordetella pertussis / Bordetella parapertussis Pertussis γ Enterobacteriales ( OX− ) Lac+ Klebsiella pneumoniae Rhinoscleroma , Pneumonia Klebsiella granulomatis Granuloma inguinale Klebsiella oxytoca Escherichia coli : Enterotoxigenic Enteroinvasive Enterohemorrhagic O157:H7 O104:H4 Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Enterobacter aerogenes / Enterobacter cloacae Slow/weak Serratia marcescens Serratia infection Citrobacter koseri / Citrobacter freundii Lac− H2S+ Salmonella enterica Typhoid fever , Paratyphoid fever , Salmonellosis H2S− Shigella dysenteriae / sonnei / flexneri / boydii Shigellosis , Bacillary dysentery Proteus mirabilis / Proteus vulgaris Yersinia pestis Plague / Bubonic plague Yersinia enterocolitica Yersiniosis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Far East scarlet-like fever Pasteurellales Haemophilus : H. influenzae Haemophilus meningitis Brazilian purpuric fever H. ducreyi Chancroid H. parainfluenzae HACEK Pasteurella multocida Pasteurellosis Actinobacillus Actinobacillosis Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans HACEK Legionellales Legionella pneumophila / Legionella longbeachae Legionnaires' disease Coxiella burnetii Q fever Thiotrichales Francisella tularensis Tularemia Vibrionaceae Vibrio cholerae Cholera Vibrio vulnificus Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio alginolyticus Plesiomonas shigelloides Pseudomonadales Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas infection Moraxella catarrhalis Acinetobacter baumannii Xanthomonadaceae Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Cardiobacteriaceae Cardiobacterium hominis HACEK Aeromonadales Aeromonas hydrophila / Aeromonas veronii Aeromonas infection ε Campylobacterales Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacteriosis , Guillain–Barré syndrome Helicobacter pylori Peptic ulcer , MALT lymphoma , Gastric cancer Helicobacter cinaedi Helicobacter cellulitis v t e Diseases of the digestive system Upper GI tract Esophagus Esophagitis Candidal Eosinophilic Herpetiform Rupture Boerhaave syndrome Mallory–Weiss syndrome UES Zenker's diverticulum LES Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Diffuse esophageal spasm Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Esophageal stricture Megaesophagus Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis Stomach Gastritis Atrophic Ménétrier's disease Gastroenteritis Peptic (gastric) ulcer Cushing ulcer Dieulafoy's lesion Dyspepsia Pyloric stenosis Achlorhydria Gastroparesis Gastroptosis Portal hypertensive gastropathy Gastric antral vascular ectasia Gastric dumping syndrome Gastric volvulus Buried bumper syndrome Gastrinoma Zollinger–Ellison syndrome Lower GI tract Enteropathy Small intestine ( Duodenum / Jejunum / Ileum ) Enteritis Duodenitis Jejunitis Ileitis Peptic (duodenal) ulcer Curling's ulcer Malabsorption : Coeliac Tropical sprue Blind loop syndrome Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome Whipple's Short bowel syndrome Steatorrhea Milroy disease Bile acid malabsorption Large intestine ( Appendix / Colon ) Appendicitis Colitis Pseudomembranous Ulcerative Ischemic Microscopic Collagenous Lymphocytic Functional colonic disease IBS Intestinal pseudoobstruction / Ogilvie syndrome Megacolon / Toxic megacolon Diverticulitis / Diverticulosis / SCAD Large and/or small Enterocolitis Necrotizing Gastroenterocolitis IBD Crohn's disease Vascular : Abdominal angina Mesenteric ischemia Angiodysplasia Bowel obstruction : Ileus Intussusception Volvulus Fecal impaction Constipation Diarrhea Infectious Intestinal adhesions Rectum Proctitis Radiation proctitis Proctalgia fugax Rectal prolapse Anismus Anal canal Anal fissure / Anal fistula Anal abscess Hemorrhoid Anal dysplasia Pruritus ani GI bleeding Blood in stool Upper Hematemesis Melena Lower Hematochezia Accessory Liver Hepatitis Viral hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis PBC Fatty liver NASH Vascular Budd–Chiari syndrome Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Portal hypertension Nutmeg liver Alcoholic liver disease Liver failure Hepatic encephalopathy Acute liver failure Liver abscess Pyogenic Amoebic Hepatorenal syndrome Peliosis hepatis Metabolic disorders Wilson's disease Hemochromatosis Gallbladder Cholecystitis Gallstone / Cholelithiasis Cholesterolosis Adenomyomatosis Postcholecystectomy syndrome Porcelain gallbladder Bile duct / Other biliary tree Cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Secondary sclerosing cholangitis Ascending Cholestasis / Mirizzi's syndrome Biliary fistula Haemobilia Common bile duct Choledocholithiasis Biliary dyskinesia Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Pancreatic Pancreatitis Acute Chronic Hereditary Pancreatic abscess Pancreatic pseudocyst Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic fistula Other Hernia Diaphragmatic Congenital Hiatus Inguinal Indirect Direct Umbilical Femoral Obturator Spigelian Lumbar Petit's Grynfeltt-Lesshaft Undefined location Incisional Internal hernia Richter's Peritoneal Peritonitis Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Hemoperitoneum Pneumoperitoneum v t e Symptoms and signs relating to the human digestive system or abdomen Gastrointestinal tract Nausea Vomiting Heartburn Aerophagia Pagophagia Dysphagia oropharyngeal esophageal Odynophagia Bad breath Xerostomia Hypersalivation Burping Wet burp Goodsall's rule Chilaiditi syndrome Dance's sign Aaron's sign Arapov's sign Markle sign McBurney's point Sherren's triangle Radiologic signs : Hampton's line Klemm's sign Accessory liver : Councilman body Mallory body biliary: Boas' sign Courvoisier's law Charcot's cholangitis triad / Reynolds' pentad cholecystitis ( Murphy's sign Lépine's sign Mirizzi's syndrome ) Nardi test Defecation Flatulence Fecal incontinence Encopresis Fecal occult blood Rectal tenesmus Constipation Obstructed defecation Diarrhea Rectal discharge Psoas sign Obturator sign Rovsing's sign Hamburger sign Heel tap sign Aure-Rozanova's sign Dunphy sign Alder's sign Lockwood's sign Rosenstein's sign Abdomen Pain Abdominal pain Acute abdomen Colic Baby colic Abdominal guarding Blumberg sign Distension Abdominal distension Bloating Ascites Tympanites Shifting dullness Ascites Fluid wave test Masses Abdominal mass Hepatosplenomegaly Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly Other Jaundice Mallet-Guy sign Puddle sign Ballance's sign Aortic insufficiency Castell's sign Kehr's sign Cullen's sign Grey Turner's sign Hernia Howship–Romberg sign Hannington-Kiff sign Other Cupola sign Fothergill's sign Carnett's sign Sister Mary Joseph nodule
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Binge Eating Disorder
Wikipedia
Prognosis [ edit ] Individuals suffering from BED often have a lower overall quality of life and commonly experience social difficulties. [34] Early behavior change is an accurate prediction of remission of symptoms later. [42] Individuals who have BED commonly have other comorbidities such as major depressive disorder , personality disorder , bipolar disorder , substance abuse , body dysmorphic disorder , kleptomania , irritable bowel syndrome , fibromyalgia , or an anxiety disorder . [32] [38] Individuals may also exhibit varying degrees of panic attacks and a history of attempted suicide. [8] While people of a healthy weight may overeat occasionally, an ongoing habit of consuming large amounts of food in a short period of time may ultimately lead to weight gain and obesity . ... However, the prevalence of eating disorders is increasing in other non-Western countries. [51] Though the research on binge eating disorders tends to be concentrated in North America, the disorder occurs across cultures. [52] In the USA, BED is present in 0.8% of male adults and 1.6% of female adults in a given year. [28] The prevalence of BED is lower in Nordic countries compared to Europe in a study that included Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland. [51] The point prevalence ranged from 0.4 to 1.5 percent and the lifetime prevalence ranged from 0.7 to 5.8 percent for BED in women. [51] In a study that included Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela, the point prevalence for BED was 3.53 percent. [53] Therefore, this particular study found that the prevalence for BED is higher in these Latin American countries compared to Western countries. [53] The prevalence of BED in Europe ranges from <1 to 4 percent. [54] Co-morbidities [ edit ] BED is co-morbid with diabetes, hypertension, previous stroke, and heart disease in some individuals. [46] In people who have obsessive-compulsive disorder or bipolar I or II disorders, BED lifetime prevalence was found to be higher. [46] Additionally, 30 to 40 percent of individuals seeking treatment for weight-loss can be diagnosed with binge eating disorder. [32] Underreporting in Men [ edit ] Eating disorders are oftentimes underreported in men. [51] Underreporting could be a result of measurement bias due to how eating disorders are defined. [51] The current definition for eating disorders focuses on thinness. [51] However, eating disorders in men tend to center on muscularity and would therefore warrant a need for a different measurement definition. [51] Further research should focus on including more men in samples since previous research has focused primarily on women. [51] History [ edit ] The disorder was first described in 1959 by psychiatrist and researcher Albert Stunkard as " night eating syndrome " (NES). [55] The term "binge eating" was coined to describe the same bingeing-type eating behavior but without the exclusive nocturnal component. [56] There is generally less research on binge eating disorder in comparison to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. [5] See also [ edit ] Prader–Willi syndrome References [ edit ] ^ Agüera, Zaida; Lozano-Madrid, María; Mallorquí-Bagué, Núria; Jiménez-Murcia, Susana; Menchón, José M.; Fernández-Aranda, Fernando (28 April 2020). ... "Binge Eating Disorder in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Diagnostic and Management Challenges" . Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy . doi : 10.2147/dmso.s213379 .
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Peptic Ulcer Disease
Wikipedia
Erosion of the gastrointestinal wall by the ulcer leads to spillage of the stomach or intestinal contents into the abdominal cavity, leading to an acute chemical peritonitis . [19] The first sign is often sudden intense abdominal pain, [14] as seen in Valentino's syndrome . Posterior gastric wall perforation may lead to bleeding due to the involvement of gastroduodenal artery that lies posterior to the first part of the duodenum. [ citation needed ] The death rate in this case is 20%. [14] Penetration is a form of perforation in which the hole leads to and the ulcer continues into adjacent organs such as the liver and pancreas . [15] Gastric outlet obstruction is a narrowing of the pyloric canal by scarring and swelling of the gastric antrum and duodenum due to peptic ulcers. ... Even when coupled with H. pylori infection, the increase is modest in comparison to the primary risk factor. [25] [26] [nb 1] Other [ edit ] Other causes of peptic ulcer disease include gastric ischaemia , drugs, metabolic disturbances, cytomegalovirus (CMV), upper abdominal radiotherapy, Crohn's disease , and vasculitis . [14] Gastrinomas ( Zollinger–Ellison syndrome ), or rare gastrin-secreting tumors, also cause multiple and difficult-to-heal ulcers. [27] It is still unclear if smoking increases the risk of getting peptic ulcers. [14] Diagnosis [ edit ] Endoscopic image of gastric ulcer, biopsy proven to be gastric cancer . ... The fibrous base of the ulcer may contain vessels with thickened wall or with thrombosis. [31] Differential diagnosis [ edit ] Conditions that may appear similar include: Gastritis Stomach cancer Gastroesophageal reflux disease Pancreatitis Hepatic congestion Cholecystitis Biliary colic Inferior myocardial infarction Referred pain ( pleurisy , pericarditis ) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome Prevention [ edit ] Prevention of peptic ulcer disease for those who are taking NSAIDs (with low cardiovascular risk) can be achieved by adding a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), an H2 antagonist , or misoprostol . [14] NSAIDs of the COX-2 inhibitors type may reduce the rate of ulcers when compared to non-selective NSAIDs. [14] PPI is the most popular agent in peptic ulcer prevention. [14] However, there is no evidence that H2 antagonists can prevent stomach bleeding for those taking NSAIDs. [14] Although misoprostol is effective in preventing peptic ulcer, its properties of promoting abortion and causing gastrointestinal distress limit its use. [14] For those with high cardiovascular risk, naproxen with PPI can be a useful choice. [14] Otherwise, low-dose aspirin, celecoxib, and PPI can also be used. [14] Management [ edit ] Peptic ulcer treatment: pharmacology of drugs Eradication therapy [ edit ] Once the diagnosis of H. pylori is confirmed, the first-line treatment would be a triple regimen in which pantoprazole and clarithromycin are combined with either amoxicillin or metronidazole . ... P. (28 November 2013). "Gastrinoma Zollinger-Ellison-Syndrome". Endotext . PMID 25905301 . ^ "Peptic Ulcer Disease" . ... Retrieved 20 May 2020 . v t e Proteobacteria -associated Gram-negative bacterial infections α Rickettsiales Rickettsiaceae / ( Rickettsioses ) Typhus Rickettsia typhi Murine typhus Rickettsia prowazekii Epidemic typhus , Brill–Zinsser disease , Flying squirrel typhus Spotted fever Tick-borne Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia conorii Boutonneuse fever Rickettsia japonica Japanese spotted fever Rickettsia sibirica North Asian tick typhus Rickettsia australis Queensland tick typhus Rickettsia honei Flinders Island spotted fever Rickettsia africae African tick bite fever Rickettsia parkeri American tick bite fever Rickettsia aeschlimannii Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection Mite-borne Rickettsia akari Rickettsialpox Orientia tsutsugamushi Scrub typhus Flea-borne Rickettsia felis Flea-borne spotted fever Anaplasmataceae Ehrlichiosis : Anaplasma phagocytophilum Human granulocytic anaplasmosis , Anaplasmosis Ehrlichia chaffeensis Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia ewingii Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection Rhizobiales Brucellaceae Brucella abortus Brucellosis Bartonellaceae Bartonellosis : Bartonella henselae Cat-scratch disease Bartonella quintana Trench fever Either B. henselae or B. quintana Bacillary angiomatosis Bartonella bacilliformis Carrion's disease , Verruga peruana β Neisseriales M+ Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus Meningococcal disease , Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome , Meningococcal septicaemia M− Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus Gonorrhea ungrouped: Eikenella corrodens / Kingella kingae HACEK Chromobacterium violaceum Chromobacteriosis infection Burkholderiales Burkholderia pseudomallei Melioidosis Burkholderia mallei Glanders Burkholderia cepacia complex Bordetella pertussis / Bordetella parapertussis Pertussis γ Enterobacteriales ( OX− ) Lac+ Klebsiella pneumoniae Rhinoscleroma , Pneumonia Klebsiella granulomatis Granuloma inguinale Klebsiella oxytoca Escherichia coli : Enterotoxigenic Enteroinvasive Enterohemorrhagic O157:H7 O104:H4 Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Enterobacter aerogenes / Enterobacter cloacae Slow/weak Serratia marcescens Serratia infection Citrobacter koseri / Citrobacter freundii Lac− H2S+ Salmonella enterica Typhoid fever , Paratyphoid fever , Salmonellosis H2S− Shigella dysenteriae / sonnei / flexneri / boydii Shigellosis , Bacillary dysentery Proteus mirabilis / Proteus vulgaris Yersinia pestis Plague / Bubonic plague Yersinia enterocolitica Yersiniosis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Far East scarlet-like fever Pasteurellales Haemophilus : H. influenzae Haemophilus meningitis Brazilian purpuric fever H. ducreyi Chancroid H. parainfluenzae HACEK Pasteurella multocida Pasteurellosis Actinobacillus Actinobacillosis Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans HACEK Legionellales Legionella pneumophila / Legionella longbeachae Legionnaires' disease Coxiella burnetii Q fever Thiotrichales Francisella tularensis Tularemia Vibrionaceae Vibrio cholerae Cholera Vibrio vulnificus Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio alginolyticus Plesiomonas shigelloides Pseudomonadales Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas infection Moraxella catarrhalis Acinetobacter baumannii Xanthomonadaceae Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Cardiobacteriaceae Cardiobacterium hominis HACEK Aeromonadales Aeromonas hydrophila / Aeromonas veronii Aeromonas infection ε Campylobacterales Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacteriosis , Guillain–Barré syndrome Helicobacter pylori Peptic ulcer , MALT lymphoma , Gastric cancer Helicobacter cinaedi Helicobacter cellulitis v t e Diseases of the digestive system Upper GI tract Esophagus Esophagitis Candidal Eosinophilic Herpetiform Rupture Boerhaave syndrome Mallory–Weiss syndrome UES Zenker's diverticulum LES Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Diffuse esophageal spasm Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Esophageal stricture Megaesophagus Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis Stomach Gastritis Atrophic Ménétrier's disease Gastroenteritis Peptic (gastric) ulcer Cushing ulcer Dieulafoy's lesion Dyspepsia Pyloric stenosis Achlorhydria Gastroparesis Gastroptosis Portal hypertensive gastropathy Gastric antral vascular ectasia Gastric dumping syndrome Gastric volvulus Buried bumper syndrome Gastrinoma Zollinger–Ellison syndrome Lower GI tract Enteropathy Small intestine ( Duodenum / Jejunum / Ileum ) Enteritis Duodenitis Jejunitis Ileitis Peptic (duodenal) ulcer Curling's ulcer Malabsorption : Coeliac Tropical sprue Blind loop syndrome Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome Whipple's Short bowel syndrome Steatorrhea Milroy disease Bile acid malabsorption Large intestine ( Appendix / Colon ) Appendicitis Colitis Pseudomembranous Ulcerative Ischemic Microscopic Collagenous Lymphocytic Functional colonic disease IBS Intestinal pseudoobstruction / Ogilvie syndrome Megacolon / Toxic megacolon Diverticulitis / Diverticulosis / SCAD Large and/or small Enterocolitis Necrotizing Gastroenterocolitis IBD Crohn's disease Vascular : Abdominal angina Mesenteric ischemia Angiodysplasia Bowel obstruction : Ileus Intussusception Volvulus Fecal impaction Constipation Diarrhea Infectious Intestinal adhesions Rectum Proctitis Radiation proctitis Proctalgia fugax Rectal prolapse Anismus Anal canal Anal fissure / Anal fistula Anal abscess Hemorrhoid Anal dysplasia Pruritus ani GI bleeding Blood in stool Upper Hematemesis Melena Lower Hematochezia Accessory Liver Hepatitis Viral hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis PBC Fatty liver NASH Vascular Budd–Chiari syndrome Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Portal hypertension Nutmeg liver Alcoholic liver disease Liver failure Hepatic encephalopathy Acute liver failure Liver abscess Pyogenic Amoebic Hepatorenal syndrome Peliosis hepatis Metabolic disorders Wilson's disease Hemochromatosis Gallbladder Cholecystitis Gallstone / Cholelithiasis Cholesterolosis Adenomyomatosis Postcholecystectomy syndrome Porcelain gallbladder Bile duct / Other biliary tree Cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Secondary sclerosing cholangitis Ascending Cholestasis / Mirizzi's syndrome Biliary fistula Haemobilia Common bile duct Choledocholithiasis Biliary dyskinesia Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Pancreatic Pancreatitis Acute Chronic Hereditary Pancreatic abscess Pancreatic pseudocyst Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic fistula Other Hernia Diaphragmatic Congenital Hiatus Inguinal Indirect Direct Umbilical Femoral Obturator Spigelian Lumbar Petit's Grynfeltt-Lesshaft Undefined location Incisional Internal hernia Richter's Peritoneal Peritonitis Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Hemoperitoneum Pneumoperitoneum Authority control BNE : XX528576 BNF : cb122614518 (data) GND : 4075978-7 LCCN : sh85099682 NDL : 00572090 SUDOC : 031390943GAST, IL1B, EDN1, HPGD, GSR, HMOX1, CNR1, GTF2I, ELN, LIMK1, CXCL8, MEN1, CYP2C19, CDC73, CLIP2, GTF2IRD1, CDKN2C, CDKN2B, CDKN1B, CDKN1A, RFC2, S100A8, BAZ1B, SLCO2A1, TBL2, TNF, TLR4, SERPINE1, ABCB1, PTGS1, SERPINB2, ABO, IL10, TBC1D9, SLCO1B1, NOD1, PTGS2, ALKBH1, IL1RN, ACE, COX2, EGFR, AGTR1, TLR2, TGFB1, MTCO2P12, SCT, PPARG, COX1, ABCC1, CYP2C9, MIR146A, FOXP3, VEGFA, IL1A, DDX53, C20orf181, COX5A, PPIG, ARHGEF2, GGTLC5P, GGTLC3, GGT2, GGTLC4P, LXN, A4GNT, IL22, MGAM, PLAAT1, TP63, GGTLC1, ERVK-6, ERVK-32, WFS1, LOC102724197, ABCG2, CHST2, MIR499A, IL37, ARMH1, STING1, EBNA1BP2, TREM1, MIR155, ASAP3, MIR182, LANCL1, TAS2R64P, PCSK9, IL33, RABEPK, ABCB6, MIR204, MIR27A, MIR146B, NOD2, PLG, TP53, GZMB, GSTP1, GSTM1, CBLIF, GGT1, GABPA, FUT4, F2, CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP2C18, CYP2C8, CYP1A2, CYP1A1, CPOX, COX8A, CMA1, CD14, RUNX3, BCL2, ATP4A, ATP12A, ALB, AGT, GSTT1, HRH2, TFF1, IFNG, ADAM17, SST, SI, PSMD7, PSEN2, MAPK1, ADA, SERPINA1, PGC, NFE2L2, MUC5AC, MMP7, MIF, LTA, LDHA, RPSA, KRAS, IRF6, IL17A, IL12B, IL9, IL6, IL4, H3P28
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Factitious Disorder
Mayo_clinic
Factitious disorder symptoms can range from mild (slight exaggeration of symptoms) to severe (previously called Munchausen syndrome). The person may make up symptoms or even tamper with medical tests to convince others that treatment, such as high-risk surgery, is needed. ... Factitious disorder signs and symptoms may include: Clever and convincing medical or psychological problems Extensive knowledge of medical terms and diseases Vague or inconsistent symptoms Conditions that get worse for no apparent reason Conditions that don't respond as expected to standard therapies Seeking treatment from many different doctors or hospitals, which may include using a fake name Reluctance to allow doctors to talk to family or friends or to other health care professionals Frequent stays in the hospital Eagerness to have frequent testing or risky operations Many surgical scars or evidence of numerous procedures Having few visitors when hospitalized Arguing with doctors and staff Factious disorder imposed on another Factitious disorder imposed on another (previously called Munchausen syndrome by proxy) is when someone falsely claims that another person has physical or psychological signs or symptoms of illness, or causes injury or disease in another person with the intention of deceiving others.
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus (Pda)
Mayo_clinic
Babies born with an extra 21st chromosome, a condition called Down syndrome, also are more likely to have this condition. ... A life-threatening and permanent type of lung damage called Eisenmenger syndrome may occur. Heart failure. Symptoms of this serious complication include rapid breathing, often with gasping breaths, and poor weight gain.
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Gallbladder Disease 1
Omim
GBD appears to be strongly related to the metabolic syndrome (605552) and/or its major components, such as hyperinsulinism, dyslipidemia, and abdominal adiposity (Boland et al., 2002; Tsai et al., 2004). ... Weiss et al. (1984) proposed that there may be a genetic susceptibility association among complex diseases such as GBD, diabetes, and obesity, which cluster to form a 'New World syndrome' in populations with Native American ancestry.
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Congenital Arthrogryposis With Anterior Horn Cell Disease
Omim
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that congenital arthrogryposis with anterior horn cell disease (CAAHD) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the GLE1 gene (603371) on chromosome 9q34. Lethal congenital contracture syndrome-1 (LCCS1; 253310) is also caused by biallelic mutation in the GLE1 gene. ... Distinction from Lethal Congenital Contracture Syndrome 1 Biallelic mutation in the GLE1 gene can also cause LCCS1, which is lethal in utero.
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Longevity 1
Omim
Together, the phenotype was suggestive of premature aging with some features of Wolfram syndrome (WFS; 222300). The findings also suggested that Wolfram syndrome-2 (604928) is in part a mitochondria-mediated disorder.
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Parkinsonism/dementia Complex 1
Omim
Guiroy et al. (1987) found that the amyloid (104760) of neurofibrillary tangles of Guamanian parkinsonism-dementia has an identical amino acid sequence to that of Alzheimer disease (104300) and Down syndrome (190685). Gajdusek (1986) presented evidence that the deposition of calcium aluminum silicon in neurons leads to paired helical filaments identical to those in patients with Down syndrome or Alzheimer disease.
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Thyrotoxic Myopathy
Wikipedia
Neural Neurosurg Psychiatry . 68:750-755. 2000 External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 9-CM : 359.5 External resources eMedicine : article/1170469 v t e Diseases of muscle , neuromuscular junction , and neuromuscular disease Neuromuscular- junction disease autoimmune Myasthenia gravis Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome Neuromyotonia Myopathy Muscular dystrophy ( DAPC ) AD Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 1 Oculopharyngeal Facioscapulohumeral Myotonic Distal (most) AR Calpainopathy Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2 Congenital Fukuyama Ullrich Walker–Warburg XR dystrophin Becker's Duchenne Emery–Dreifuss Other structural collagen disease Bethlem myopathy PTP disease X-linked MTM adaptor protein disease BIN1-linked centronuclear myopathy cytoskeleton disease Nemaline myopathy Zaspopathy Channelopathy Myotonia Myotonia congenita Thomsen disease Neuromyotonia / Isaacs syndrome Paramyotonia congenita Periodic paralysis Hypokalemic Thyrotoxic Hyperkalemic Other Central core disease Mitochondrial myopathy MELAS MERRF KSS PEO General Inflammatory myopathy Congenital myopathy