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Poisoning Of Alexander Litvinenko
Wikipedia
Hours before his death, three unidentified circular-shaped objects were found in his stomach via an X-ray scan. [27] It is thought these objects were almost certainly shadows caused by the presence of Prussian blue , the treatment he had been given for thallium poisoning. [23] [28] Death and last statement [ edit ] Grave of Alexander Litvinenko at Highgate Cemetery Late on 22 November, Litvinenko's heart failed; the official time of death was 9:21 pm at University College Hospital in London. [29] The autopsy took place on 1 December. [30] Litvinenko had ingested polonium-210, a poisonous radioactive isotope. [1] Mario Scaramella, who had eaten with Litvinenko, reported that doctors had told him the body had five times the lethal dose of polonium-210. [1] Litvinenko's funeral took place on 7 December at the Central London mosque, after which his body was buried at Highgate Cemetery in North London . [31] In his last statement he said about Putin: …this may be the time to say one or two things to the person responsible for my present condition. ... He left them on his way to London on 28 October. [42] The traces were found in passenger jets [44] [45] BA875 and BA873 from Moscow to Heathrow on 25 and 31 October, as well as flights BA872 and BA874 from Heathrow to Moscow on 28 October and 3 November. [46] [47] Andrey Lugovoy has said he flew from London to Moscow on a 3 November flight. ... The case was never solved, but it was at this point that Litvinenko befriended Berezovsky. 17 November 1998 : At a time that Vladimir Putin was the head of the FSB , five officers including Lieutenant-Colonel Litvinenko accuse the Director of the Directorate for the Analysis of Criminal Organizations Major-General Eugeny Hoholkhov and his deputy, 1st Rank Captain Alexander Kamishnikov, of ordering them to assassinate Boris Berezovsky in November 1997. 2006 [ edit ] October 2006 [ edit ] 7 October : The Russian journalist and Kremlin critic Anna Politkovskaya is shot in Moscow. 16 October : Andrey Lugovoy flies to London. 16–18 October : Former KGB agent Dmitry Kovtun visits London, during which time he eats two meals with Litvinenko, one of them at the Itsu sushi bar (see 1 November 2006). [114] [139] 17 October : Litvinenko visits "Risc Management", a security firm in Cavendish Place, with Lugovoy and Kovtun. [140] 19 October : Litvinenko accuses President Putin of the Politkovskaya murder. 28 October : Dmitry Kovtun arrived in Hamburg , Germany from Moscow on an Aeroflot flight. ... I would recommend to citizen Berezovsky to avoid any food at the commemoration for his crime accomplice Litvinenko [98] 24 November : The British police state they are investigating the death as a possible poisoning. 28 November : Scotland Yard announces that traces of polonium-210 have been found in seven different places in London . ... The Russian government states that they will not allow the extradition of any Russian citizens. [153] 28 May : The British Foreign Office formally submits a request to the Russian Government for the extradition of Lugovoy to the UK to face criminal charges. [53] The Constitution of Russia forbids extradition of Russian citizens to foreign countries (Article 61), so the request can not be fulfilled. [154] Extradition requests had been granted in the past (For example, in 2002 Murad Garabayev has been handed to Turkmenistan ., [155] Garabayev's extradition was later found unlawful by the Russian courts and he was awarded 20,000 Euros in damages to be paid by the Russian government by the European Court of Human Rights . [156] ) Article 63 does not explicitly mention Russian citizens, and therefore does not apply to them, but only to foreign nationals living in Russia.
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Lance Armstrong Doping Case
Wikipedia
Longstanding precedent in U.S. courts holds that the statute of limitations does not apply when a defendant engages in fraudulent acts. [26] [27] [28] Among the witnesses who testified to USADA were Frankie and Betsy Andreu , who repeated the testimony they gave in the SCA case. ... Retrieved 2012-08-21 . ^ "Motion to dismiss-Case 1:12-cv-00606-SS" . Retrieved 2012-08-28 . ^ Schrotenboer, Brent (August 20, 2012). ... REASONED DECISION OF THE UNITED STATES ANTI-DOPING AGENCY" (PDF) . USADA . Retrieved 2012-10-28 . ^ United States Anti Doping Agency. ... Archived from the original on 2012-11-28 . Retrieved 2013-01-19 . ^ "IOC Statement on Lance Armstrong" .
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Short-Term Effects Of Alcohol Consumption
Wikipedia
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism defines a moderate dose as alcohol intake up to two standard drinks or 28 grams for men and one standard drink or 14 grams for women. [7] The immediate effect of alcohol depends on the drinker's blood alcohol concentration (BAC). ... ADH1A , ADH1B , and ADH1C ) to acetaldehyde and then metabolize acetaldehyde primarily by NAD 2 -dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2 ) to acetic acid. [28] [29] Eastern Asians reportedly have a deficiency in acetaldehyde metabolism in a surprisingly high percentage (approaching 50%) of their populations. ... In the overall Japanese population, about 57% of individuals are homozygous for the normal allele (sometimes termed ALDH2*1), 40% are heterozygous for glu487lys, and 3% are homozygous for glu487lys. [31] Since ALDH2 assembles and functions as a tetramer and since ALDH2 tetramers containing one or more glu487lys proteins are also essentially inactive (i.e. the variant allele behaves as a dominant negative ), homozygote individuals for glu487lys have undetectable while heterozygote individuals for glu487lys have little ALDH2 activity. [32] In consequence, Japanese individuals homozygous or, to only a slightly lesser extent, heterozygous for glu487lys metabolize ethanol to acetaldehyde normally but metabolize acetaldehyde poorly and are susceptible to a set of adverse responses to the ingestion of, and sometimes even the fumes from, ethanol and ethanol-containing beverages; these responses include the transient accumulation of acetaldehyde in blood and tissues; facial flushing (i.e. the "oriental flushing syndrome" or Alcohol flush reaction ), urticaria , systemic dermatitis , and alcohol-induced respiratory reactions (i.e. rhinitis and, primarily in patients with a history of asthma , mild to moderately bronchoconstriction exacerbations of their asthmatic disease. [33] These allergic reaction-like symptoms, which typically occur within 30–60 minutes of ingesting alcoholic beverages, do not appear to reflect the operation of classical IgE - or T cell -related allergen -induced reactions but rather are due, at least in large part, to the action of acetaldehyde in stimulating tissues to release histamine , the probable evoker of these symptoms. [33] [34] The percentages of glu487lys heterozygous plus homozygous genotypes are about 35% in native Caboclo of Brazil, 30% in Chinese, 28% in Koreans, 11% in Thai people , 7% in Malaysians, 3% in natives of India, 3% in Hungarians, and 1% in Filipinos; percentages are essentially 0 in individuals of Native African descent, Caucasians of Western European descent, Turks, Australian Aborigines, Australians of Western European descent, Swedish Lapps, and Alaskan Eskimos. [34] [35] The prevalence of ethanol-induced allergic symptoms in 0 or low levels of glu487lys genotypes commonly ranges above 5%. ... PMID 20721919 . ^ Andréasson, S.; Allebeck, P. (28 February – 6 March 2005). "[Alcohol as medication is no good.
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Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Wikipedia
Furthermore, disrupted GABA benzodiazepine receptor function is part of alcohol dependence and chronic benzodiazepines may prevent full recovery from alcohol induced mental effects. [27] [28] The combination of benzodiazepines and alcohol can amplify the adverse psychological effects of each other causing enhanced depressive effects on mood and increase suicidal actions and are generally contraindicated except for alcohol withdrawal. [29] Vitamins [ edit ] Alcoholics are often deficient in various nutrients, which can cause severe complications during alcohol withdrawal, such as the development of Wernicke syndrome . ... Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 28 February 2016 . ^ Martinotti G; Nicola MD; Reina D; Andreoli S; Focà F; Cunniff A; Tonioni F; Bria P; Janiri L (2008). ... "Magnesium treatment of primary alcohol-dependent patients during subacute withdrawal: an open pilot study with polysomnography". Alcohol Clin Exp Res . 28 (11): 1702–9. doi : 10.1097/01.ALC.0000145695.52747.BE . ... "Alcohol withdrawal: what is the benzodiazepine of choice?". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy . 28 (1): 67–71. doi : 10.1177/106002809402800114 .AR, LEP, MPDZ, CCK, NGF, CYP19A1, KDM4C, GSTM1, NQO1, MALAT1, GLUL, SORCS2, SLC6A3, BDNF, CRH, SLC6A4, DRD2, FKBP5, DBH, GRIN1, GRIN2B, NPY, CCL2, APOE, POMC, PPARA, PPARD, PPARG, SORT1, SLC6A2, COMT, KCNQ4, SLC18A1, SNCA, PIK3CG, ADIPOQ, BMS1, C1D, PPARGC1A, AKT1, TMEM97, PNPLA3, PNOC, NPY5R, PIK3CD, HTR2C, CCKAR, CAT, GAD1, GATA4, GH1, NR3C1, GRM5, TSPO, HDAC2, IL6, PIK3CB, KRT18, LBP, MAOA, ADH1B, NQO2, NPY1R, NPY2R, CFP, PIK3CA, ACACA
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Dental Avulsion
Wikipedia
The most optimum storage media that are available have been shown to be pH balanced cell preserving solutions. [21] [26] [27] The best known and most extensively tested is called Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). [21] [26] [28] [29] [30] It has all of the metabolites such as Ca, phosphate ions, K+ and glucose that are necessary to maintain normal cell metabolism for long periods of time. [21] HBSS has been extensively tested in dental and medical research for the past twenty years. ... HBSS also has been shown to be capable of replacing lost cell metabolites. [28] Since a cell that has been cut off from its blood supply depletes its stored metabolites after fifteen minutes, a tooth that has been extra-oral for one hour has less vital cells to reconnect with the bone ligament cells. ... In these studies, dog’s teeth were extracted and left dry for 30, 45 and 60 minutes and then soaked in HBSS for 30 minutes and then reimplanted. [28] These teeth showed 50% less replacement resorption following reimplantation. ... In 1981, Andreasen [22] [23] [24] showed that crushing of cells on the tooth root could cause death of the cells and lead to resorption and reduction in prognosis. In 1983, Matsson et al. [28] showed that soaking in Hank’s Balanced Solution for thirty minutes prior to reimplantation could revitalize extracted dog’s teeth that were dry for 60 minutes.
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Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia And Systemic Symptoms
Wikipedia
DRESS syndrome therefore differs from the other SCARs disorders in that it involves the tissue-injuring action of CD4 + cells and the cell- and tissue-injuring action of eosinophils as well as the release of the following cytokines: Interleukins 5 and 13 which simulate the growth, longevity, and activation of eosinophils; Interleukin 4 which promotes the differentiation of naive helper T cells into T h 2 helper cells that then serve to activate eosinophils as well as other types of pro-inflammatory cells; IFNγ which activates macrophages and induces the expression of Class II MHC molecules; and TNFα which promotes inflammation but also has cell-killing actions. [26] [27] [28] Like other SCARs-inducing drugs, DRESS syndrome-inducing drugs or their metabolites stimulate CD8 + T or CD4 + T cells to initiate autoimmune responses. ... Since the human population expresses some 13,000 different HLA serotypes while an individual expresses only a fraction of them and since a DRESSs-inducing drug or metabolite interacts with only one or a few HLA serotypes, a drug's ability to induce SCARs is limited to those individuals who express HLA serotypes targeted by the drug or its metabolite. [28] [29] Thus, only rare individuals are predisposed to develop SCARs in response to a particular drug on the bases of their expression of HLA serotypes. [30] Studies have identified several HLA serotypes associated with development of the DRESS syndrome in response to certain drugs, have developed tests to identify individuals who express some of these serotypes, and thereby have identified individuals who should avoid certain DRESS syndrome-inducing drugs. [26] [31] T-cell receptors [ edit ] A drug or its metabolite may also stimulate CD8 + T or CD4 + T cells to initiate autoimmune responses by directly binding to the T-cell receptors on these T cells. ... Since the genes for these receptors are highly edited , i.e. altered to encode proteins with different amino acid sequences, and since the human population may express more than 100 trillion different (i.e. different amino acid sequences) T-cell receptors while an individual express only a fraction of these, a drug's or its metabolite's ability to induce the DRESS syndrome by interacting with a T-cell receptor is limited to those individuals whose T cells express a T-cell receptor(s) that can interact with drug or its metabolite. [28] [22] Thus, only rare individuals are predisposed to develop a SCARs disorder in response to a particular drug on the bases of their expression of specific cell receptor types. [30] While the evidence supporting these ideas is limited, one study identified the preferential presence of the TCR-V-b and complementarity-determining region 3 in T-cell receptors found on the T cells in the blisters of patients with allopurinol-induced DRESS syndrome. ... Severer cases, particularly those involving significant internal organ involvement, may require systemic corticosteroids and efforts to support heart, kidney, lung, or other organ dysfunctions. [4] [28] Terminology [ edit ] DRESS syndrome is one of several terms that have been used to describe a severe idiosyncratic reaction to a drug that is characterized by a long latency of onset after exposure to the offending medication, a rash, involvement of internal organs, hematologic abnormalities, and systemic illness.
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Barrett's Esophagus
Wikipedia
Balloon-based radiofrequency ablation , invented by Ganz, Stern, and Zelickson in 1999, is a new treatment modality for the treatment of Barrett's esophagus and dysplasia, and has been the subject of numerous published clinical trials. [26] [27] [28] [29] The findings demonstrate radiofrequency ablation has an efficacy of 90% or greater with respect to complete clearance of Barrett's esophagus and dysplasia with durability up to five years and a favorable safety profile. [26] [27] [28] [29] Anti-reflux surgery has not been proven to prevent esophageal cancer. ... Gastrointestinal Endoscopy . 44 (4): 492–494. doi : 10.1016/S0016-5107(96)70110-4 . PMID 8905379 . Retrieved 28 July 2018 . ^ "Bulimia and cancer - what you need to know - Bulimia Help" . Bulimiahelp.org . Retrieved 28 July 2018 . ^ a b Fléjou JF (March 2005).PTGS2, CTHRC1, MSR1, ASCC1, GAST, CXCL8, MCL1, RELA, NR1I2, PPARG, SST, CDH13, SLC9A1, RPRM, HGF, CYP26A1, BMP4, PTGES, BECN1, GDF7, ALDH1A2, CRTC1, APOB, IKBIP, CEP72, BARX1, CDX2, CFTR, FH, OR12D3, ERBB2, RAD21, EGFR, VPS35L, OR5V1, AGO3, H3P10, CDKN2A, MTCO2P12, TMOD1, APC, TP53, SLC12A6, COX2, MSRA, TPPP, TFF3, NOX5, CDX1, IL6, CCND1, TNF, MUC5AC, MYC, SAFB, SLC22A18, EGF, CTNNB1, FOXF1, IL1B, IGFBP3, HGD, MIR205, BCL2, STAT3, TP63, MIR203A, CYLD, PROM1, FHIT, MMP1, MLH1, IFNA1, DCTN6, MUC2, ZNRD2, GPX3, IFI27, GSTP1, PSMD9, KCNH2, NR1H4, IL18, HMGB1, TMED7, UVRAG, IFNA13, GSTM1, RPE65, CKAP4, TMED7-TICAM2, SOX9, TICAM2, RUNX3, TIMP1, VEGFA, MIR192, SLC10A2, TERT, H3P23, MIR215, CDK2, CD44, FOXP3, C9, MIR21, HNF1A, CAV1, MIR223, BFAR, IGF1, TNFRSF12A, CCN1, KLF5, RTRAF, TBX5, MIR31, KRAS, TFF1, MUC1, ADRB2, MSH2, COX1, MMP2, VDR, TLR4, FAS, DKK1, CDH17, ATOH1, MUC3A, VIM, AGR2, TGFB1, TFF2, EPCAM, SFRP1, CDH1, FN1, MIRLET7C, DECR1, PARP1, REN, IL23R, ZNF569, MADCAM1, SOX2, PTGS1, GSTT1, HSPB3, XRCC1, AICDA, SI, EIF2B5, TRIM21, HSPB2, CLDN4, LGR5, HSPB1, WNT3A, XPR1, MIR143, KLF4, ESR1, PITX1, HPSE, ADAM9, FOSL1, NES, IGF2BP3, ARID1A, AXIN2, IL18RAP, TFPI2, ROCK2, SCO2, CXCR4, ZNF217, BCAR1, GSTO1, ADIPOQ, WNT2, AKAP12, DCLK1, WNT5A, CLDN2, RNF14, KEAP1, VTN, SELENBP1, GDF15, ABCC5, NET1, SPAG11B, PPIE, SOCS1, KRT20, UBE2C, MUC17, GADL1, JMJD1C, TRIM39-RPP21, HTR3C, GPBAR1, VSIG10L, PWAR1, BEST3, RNF32, B3GAT2, THEMIS, SLCO6A1, OMA1, MIR155HG, AZIN2, ZNF682, TSPAN18, AFAP1-AS1, PCGF5, PDCD1LG2, GSTK1, ZNF793, TRIM31, POU5F1P3, COMMD3-BMI1, KLRC4-KLRK1, TMX2-CTNND1, MICA, HPP1, POTEF, MUC5B, SPAG11A, POU5F1P4, MIR502, C17orf97, MIR193B, MIR375, MIR133B, MIR17HG, MIR25, MIR196A1, MIR145, MIR130A, MIR106B, RPP21, RABEP2, ADIPOR2, RNF11, ADIPOR1, RNF141, TAS2R13, CHST11, RMC1, HPGDS, SPINK4, PDCD4, FOXP1, GNL3, RNF128, EPC2, TMEFF2, AMACR, KLRK1, TREX1, RNF24, RNF139, ANXA10, WIF1, GOLM1, TLR9, RIN2, BNC2, SLC52A2, FNDC3B, GOLPH3, TSPYL2, GER, UBL5, MUC3B, TRIB3, GJC2, AKR1B10, IFNK, TRIM39, GKN1, RNF130, ITLN1, SAGE1, RNF121, QRSL1, BEST2, VCAM1, ACTB, TYMS, FASN, GABPA, FUT4, FRZB, FRAXC, FRA16D, FRA5E, FGFR2, FGF2, FGF1, FABP6, TYMP, FABP1, F2R, EYA4, ERCC2, EPHB4, ENG, MARK2, ELANE, EDN1, GATA6, GHR, GNAS, GPX1, HPGD, HOXB7, HOXB6, HOXB@, HNF4A, FOXA3, FOXA2, HLA-DQA1, HIF1A, HFE, HAS2, H2AX, GZMB, MSH6, GSTM2, GSM1, GRB7, GPX7, GPX2, S1PR1, E2F3, HSP90B1, ATP12A, CCNA2, CCKBR, CAT, BUB1, BRCA1, BMI1, BCL3, ATP4A, ATP2A3, ATM, DPP4, FASLG, APRT, APOBEC1, APEX1, ANXA1, ANPEP, AMPD1, AGT, JAG1, CD1A, CD80, TNFRSF8, CDK4, DNASE1, NQO1, DEFB1, AKR1C2, DDC, DCC, DAPK1, CD55, DAD1, CYP17A1, CTSE, CTSD, CTNND1, CSE1L, CRYZ, CLDN7, COL1A1, CDO1, CDK9, HRAS, HSPA4, TNC, PGC, PTH, PTGER2, MAPK8, POU5F1, PMS2, PKP1, PIK3CB, PIK3CA, PIGA, PCNA, ICAM1, OXTR, OGG1, NOTCH3, NOTCH2, NOTCH1, NME1, NFKB1, NFE2L2, NELL1, RBP1, REG1A, RFC3, RFX1, TLR2, TGM2, ZEB1, TAC1, SPRR2C, SPARC, SOD2, SOD1, SOAT1, SNAI2, SLC2A1, SKIL, SKI, SHBG, SFRP2, SAT1, S100A9, S100A7, S100A4, CEACAM6, MYO9B, MXI1, MXD1, LEPR, LEP, KRT14, KRT5, KLRC1, ITGAE, INSRR, CXCL10, IL17A, IL12B, IL10, IL2, IL1A, IGFBP7, IGF2, IGF1R, IFNG, ICAM3, ICAM2, LTA, MAD2L1, MUC6, SMAD4, MTR, MTHFR, MTAP, MSX1, MSI1, MSH5, MPG, MMP13, MMP9, MMP7, MKI67, MICB, MGST1, MGMT, MFAP1, MDM2, MCC, MAX, MAL, PVT1
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Abortion In Texas
Wikipedia
The number of abortion clinics in the state has been steadily declining, going from 128 in 1982 to 79 in 1992 to 64 in 1996 to 40 in 2011 to 28 in 2014 to 19 in 2016. The number of legal abortions has also been on the decline in Texas in recent years, going from 97,400 in 1992 to 89,240 in 1995 to 91,270 in 1996 to 54,148 in 2014 to 53,940 in 2015. ... This included a proviso that said this was organization wide, not just as it relates to specific facilities. [15] Representatives Republican McCall, Democrat Van de Putte, Democrat Gray, Democrat Greenberg and Republican Solomons introduced TX HB39 on January 28, 1997. Originally only about genetic testing with no mention of abortion, the legislation was amended by the Senate, stating that genetic testing of a fetus could not be done on a fetus without the consent of the mother, and that the results of any subsequent genetic testing could not be used to compel or coerce a woman into getting an abortion, including having an insurance company threaten the eligibility of health care coverage. ... PMID 16525140 . ^ a b c d e f g h i Smith, Jordan; Fri.; June 28; 2013. " ' Chipping Away': A Texas Abortion Rights Timeline" . www.austinchronicle.com . ... Kansas State House Abortion Act invokes shaky science for political gain" . Slate Magazine . Retrieved 28 June 2015 . ^ "Misinformed Consent: The Medical Accuracy of State-Developed Abortion Counseling Materials" . 25 October 2006. ^ Sheppard, Kate (March 5, 2012). ... Retrieved October 7, 2013 . ^ Tomlinson, Chris (October 28, 2013). "Federal judge: Texas abortion limits unconstitutional" .
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Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Wikipedia
VAP is especially common in people who have acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). [26] [27] Epidemiology [ edit ] Between 8 and 28% of patients receiving mechanical ventilation are affected by VAP. [28] VAP can develop at any time during ventilation, but occurs most often in the first week of mechanical ventilation. [2] There is some evidence for gender differences in the course of VAP: men have been found to get VAP more often, but women are more likely to die after contracting VAP. [29] Recent reports indicate that patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 who require mechanical ventilation in an Intensive care unit are at increased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia, compared to patients without COVID-19 ventilated in the same unit [30] and patients who had viral pneumonitis arising from viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 . [31] Why this increased susceptibility should be present remains uncertain, as the noted reports [30] [31] adjusted for duration of ventilation, it is likely that the increased susceptibility relates impaired innate immunity in the lungs. [32] References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Michetti CP, Fakhry SM, Ferguson PL, Cook A, Moore FO, Gross R (May 2012). ... "Inhaled antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis and ventilator-associated pneumonia: an update" . Advances in Therapy . 28 (9): 728–47. doi : 10.1007/s12325-011-0051-z . ... American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . 180 (1): 19–28. doi : 10.1164/rccm.200812-1928OC .CRP, PARP9, SLC27A5, CEL, LTF, TNF, RARB, CXCL8, RTN3, IL17A, MAPK14, IL6, TREM1, BAG1, SAFB, VEGFA, SFTPD, CCL2, SAT1, TLR4, ACTN1, VAPB, RAB3D, SAA1, SUMF2, PTPN22, FLVCR1, ATG16L1, ZC3HAV1, SLC2A10, BTBD8, UBAC1, PREP, S100A8, GPX3, ATP12A, ATP4A, TSPO, CAMP, CELP, CHRM3, COL4A5, DNASE1, ELANE, HOXD13, PTX3, HRG, ICAM1, IL1B, IL4, MDK, MPO, PAEP, ANGPT2, MAPK8, MIR1236
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Acne
Wikipedia
The term nodulocystic has been used in the medical literature to describe severe cases of inflammatory acne. [25] True cysts are rare in those with acne and the term severe nodular acne is now the preferred terminology. [25] Acne inversa (L. invertō, "upside-down") and acne rosacea (rosa, "rose-colored" + -āceus, "forming") are not forms of acne and are alternate names that respectively refer to the skin conditions hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and rosacea . [26] [27] [28] Although HS shares certain overlapping features with acne vulgaris, such as a tendency to clog skin follicles with skin cell debris, the condition otherwise lacks the hallmark features of acne and is therefore considered a distinct skin disorder. [26] Signs and symptoms [ edit ] A severe case of nodular acne Nodular acne on the back Typical features of acne include increased secretion of oily sebum by the skin, microcomedones, comedones, papules, nodules (large papules), pustules, and often results in scarring. [29] [30] The appearance of acne varies with skin color. ... In their absence, an appearance similar to that of acne would suggest a different skin disorder. [28] Microcomedones (the precursor to blackheads and whiteheads) are not visible to the naked eye when inspecting the skin and require a microscope to be seen . [28] Many features may indicate that a person's acne vulgaris is sensitive to hormonal influences. ... Leeds scores range from 0 (least severe) to 10 (most severe) though modified scales have a maximum score of 12. [70] [71] The Pillsbury acne grading scale classifies the severity of the acne from grade 1 (least severe) to grade 4 (most severe). [69] [72] Differential diagnosis [ edit ] Many skin conditions can mimic acne vulgaris, and these are collectively known as acneiform eruptions . [28] Such conditions include angiofibromas , epidermal cysts , flat warts , folliculitis , keratosis pilaris , milia , perioral dermatitis , and rosacea , among others. [20] [73] Age is one factor that may help distinguish between these disorders.
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Hiv/aids In Eswatini
Wikipedia
The most recent surveillance in antenatal women reported an overall prevalence of 42.6% in 2004. Prevalence of 28% was found among young women aged 15–19. ... Economically disadvantaged versus economically advantaged populations [ edit ] Data from 2009 to 2013 revealed that, out of the poorest 20% of females aged 15 to 24 in Eswatini, 49% had comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. [26] In comparison, 72% of the richest 20% of females from the same age group had comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. [26] The gap observed among rich and poor males is comparable to the gap in comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge among rich and poor females from 2009 to 2013: 44% of the poorest 20% versus 64% of the richest 20% of Swazi males aged 15 to 24 had comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. [26] Men aged 15 to 39 [ edit ] Uptake of HIV testing and treatment services presently remains low among men compared to women. [27] Furthermore, according to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in 2018, Swazi men continue to under-utilize self-testing and assisted partner notification as methods of HIV transmission prevention. [27] “Test and Start” is an antiretroviral therapy (ART) program recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). [28] Under this program, individuals who have been diagnosed with HIV start ART soon after diagnosis, regardless of disease progression. [28] Randomized and controlled trials of Test and Start have demonstrated the program’s effectiveness in decreasing overall HIV transmission rates. [28] However, a study of Swazi men’s perceptions of Test and Start found that many men failed to seek HIV testing services due to fears of a positive result, combined with perceptions of an HIV-positive status as a death sentence. [29] The study additionally identified men’s fears of the side effects of ART as a potential barrier to initiation of and adherence to the Test and Start program. [29] Furthermore, men were uncertain of the financial stability of the Swazi government, citing doubt in the government’s ability to provide sustainable supplies of ART as a reason for not wanting to start treatment. [29] The authors of the study have recommended interventions specifically focused on Swazi men’s perceptions of HIV testing and treatment, including targeted counseling and education that address concerns about early initiation of ART, social consequences of accessing ART services, and capacity of the Swazi government to tackle HIV/AIDS-related issues. [29] Marginalized, neglected, and vulnerable populations [ edit ] Interventions serving the general Swazi population, such as campaigns and initiatives encouraging voluntary medical male circumcision, promoting greater treatment uptake and adherence, and providing risk-reduction counseling, have contributed to major reductions in HIV transmission and acquisition rates. [30] However, these interventions for the general population may not be as effective for marginalized populations facing greater than average stigmatization, including female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender people . [5] Other populations, such as children living with HIV and orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC), are left vulnerable by the HIV/AIDS epidemic and societal forces.
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Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Wikipedia
A physical-therapy program to provide core strengthening and aerobic conditioning may be recommended. [7] Overall scientific evidence is inconclusive on whether conservative approach or a surgical treatment is better for lumbar spinal stenosis. [27] Medication [ edit ] The evidence for the use of medical interventions for LSS is poor. [28] Injectable but not nasal calcitonin may be useful for short-term pain relief. [28] Epidural blocks may also transiently decrease pain, but no evidence of long-term effect has been found. [28] Adding corticosteroids to these injections does not improve the result; [28] [29] the use of epidural steroid injections is controversial and evidence of their efficacy is contradictory. [7] [ needs update ] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , muscle relaxants , and opioid analgesics are often used to treat low back pain, but evidence of their efficacy is lacking. [7] Surgery [ edit ] Surgery appears to lead to better outcomes if symptoms continue after 3–6 months of conservative treatment. [30] Laminectomy is the most effective of the surgical treatments. [26] In those who worsen despite conservative treatments surgery leads to improvement in 60–70% of cases. [7] Another procedure using an interspinous distraction device known as X-STOP was less effective and more expensive when more than one spinal levels are repaired. [26] Both surgical procedures are more expensive than medical management. [26] Prognosis [ edit ] See also: Failed back syndrome Most people with mild to moderate symptoms do not get worse. [7] While many improve in the short term after surgery, this improvement decreases somewhat with time. [7] A number of factors present before surgery are able to predict the outcome after surgery, with people with depression , cardiovascular disease , and scoliosis doing in general worse, while those with more severe stenosis beforehand and better overall health doing better. [6] The natural evolution of disc disease and degeneration leads to stiffening of the intervertebral joint.CAPN1, EHMT1, IL6, ELN, CRNKL1, EOS, LAP, LTBP4, CRLF1, ANGPTL2, AMH, CLQTL1, VEGFA, MIR155, MIR21, MIR221, MIR29A, GOLPH3, THBS2, VDR, TGFB1, PTGS2, NHS, COX2, MMP9, MMP2, MAP6, LTBP2, LSS, LEP, LPAR1, COL9A2, CAT, MTCO2P12
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Amblyopia
Wikipedia
Other possible causes of deprivation and occlusion amblyopia include obstruction in the vitreous and aphakia . [28] Deprivation amblyopia accounts for less than 3% of all individuals affected by amblyopia. [28] Pathophysiology [ edit ] Amblyopia is a developmental problem in the brain, not any intrinsic, organic neurological problem in the eyeball (although organic problems can lead to amblyopia which can continue to exist after the organic problem has resolved by medical intervention). [29] The part of the brain receiving images from the affected eye is not stimulated properly and does not develop to its full visual potential. ... Comparable results may be achieved using different types of brain stimulation, [50] such as anodal transcranial direct current stimulation [51] and theta burst rTMS . [52] A 2013 study concluded that converging evidence indicates decorrelated binocular experience plays a pivotal role in the genesis of amblyopia and the associated residual deficits. [53] Another study of 2013 [54] suggests that playing a version of the popular game Tetris that is modified such that each eye sees separate components of the game may also help to treat this condition in adults. [55] Furthermore, the effects of this kind of therapy may be further enhanced by noninvasive brain stimulation [50] as shown by a recent study using anodal tDCS . [56] A 2014 Cochrane review sought to determine the effectiveness of occlusion treatment on patients with sensory deprivation amblyopia, but no trials were found eligible to be included in the review. [28] However, good outcomes from occlusion treatment for sensory deprivation amblyopia likely rely on compliance with the treatment. ... PMID 12089090 . ^ "App auf Rezept: Barmer bezahlt internetbasierte Behandlung" [Prescription app: Barmer pays for internet-based treatment]. www.aerztezeitung.de (in German). 28 March 2014. Archived from the original on 29 March 2014 .PPARGC1A, FGFR3, ACVRL1, AP4E1, SMCHD1, PUF60, AP4S1, YME1L1, AP4B1, TUBB3, WARS2, MAFB, CHST3, ARHGEF2, AP4M1, OGT, TWIST1, TRIO, TFAP2A, ADNP, PIGN, PHOX2A, B3GAT3, NPHP3-ACAD11, LAMA1, TSEN54, NPHP4, IRAK1BP1, MTFMT, LOXL3, COL25A1, TRIM8, WDR26, UBA5, XYLT2, PHIP, P4HTM, NDUFB11, ADAMTSL4, GMPPB, TBX1, SMARCB1, PTPN11, COL9A1, DPP6, CRYGC, CRYAA, COX7B, COL11A1, COL9A3, COL9A2, COL4A1, ERF, LYST, CHN1, CBS, CACNA1F, CACNA1E, CACNA1A, C1QBP, ENG, EPRS1, FBN1, LIM2, PITX2, PAX6, OCRL, GPR143, KMT2A, SMAD4, KIF11, HCCS, H1-4, GNAS, GDF2, GALC, FGFR2, VIP, MBD5, IRF1, PLXNA2, RBM19, CRYBB1, BCHE, COMETT
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Intact Dilation And Extraction
Wikipedia
Critics consider the procedure to be infanticide , [26] a position that many in the anti-abortion movement extend to cover all abortions. [27] Some advocates, both for and against abortion rights, see the intact D&E issue as a central battleground in the wider abortion debate, attempting to set a legal precedent so as to either gradually reduce or gradually increase access to all abortion methods. [28] Dr. Martin Haskell has called the intact D&E procedure "a quick, surgical outpatient method" for late second-trimester and early third-trimester abortions. [29] The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 describes it as "a gruesome and inhumane procedure that is never medically necessary." [30] According to a BBC report about the U.S. ... In 1997, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit found the law unconstitutional on the grounds that it placed a substantial and unconstitutional obstacle in the path of women seeking pre-viability abortions in the second trimester . Between 1995 and 2000, 28 more states passed Partial-Birth Abortion bans, all similar to the proposed federal bans and all lacking an exemption for the health of the woman. ... Code, Title 18, Part I, Chapter 74, Section 1531 , "Partial-birth abortions prohibited." ^ "American Civil Liberties Union :Abortion Bans: Myths and Facts" . 28 November 2005. Archived from the original on 28 November 2005 .
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Meningioma
Wikipedia
Radiosurgery may be used in lieu of surgery in small tumors located away from critical structures. [28] Fractionated external-beam radiation also can be used as primary treatment for tumors that are surgically unresectable or, for patients who are inoperable for medical reasons. ... National Cancer Institute . 26 August 2016. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Ferri, Fred F. (2017). ... Archived from the original on February 28, 2012 . Retrieved February 27, 2012 . ^ Longstreth WT, Dennis LK, McGuire VM, Drangsholt MT, Koepsell TD (August 1993). ... PMID 24962336 . ^ Handgraaf, Brie (2008-06-28). "Real 'Norma Rae' has new battle involving cancer" .NF2, AKT1, BAP1, SMARCB1, PDGFB, SMARCE1, PTEN, SUFU, MLLT10, WRN, PGR, SMO, TRAF7, KLF4, HES1, CST3, CSTB, CTSL, ALAD, PIK3CA, ARMC5, DNMT1, CHEK2, NF1, KRIT1, CCM2, MIB1, SEC23B, TERT, MN1, MKI67, SDHD, MMP9, VEGFA, CDKN2A, GNAS, TP53, PDCD10, NTHL1, EPB41L3, KLLN, ESR1, EGFR, SDHB, SST, SDHC, LMNA, ERBB2, LOC110806263, SSTR2, EGF, MMP2, STAT3, PIK3CB, CTNNB1, IGF2, PIK3CD, PIK3CG, CD274, AZIN2, MEN1, PLAU, TP73, GADL1, CTSB, CASP3, MTHFR, TIMP1, PTGS2, ARHGAP24, IL6, FGF2, MGMT, MTOR, NDRG2, MIA2, MB, HTC2, GSTT1, MDM2, H3P10, MAPK1, TGFA, TIMP3, ABCB1, CCND1, CD44, BCL2, MAPK3, S100B, AQP4, CASP8, APC, ACKR3, MEG3, BCR, MCM7, PRDM2, XRCC1, TOP2A, HOXA9, CDKN2C, EDN1, SPP1, ATM, IGF1, ASL, PTPRJ, AQP1, LEPR, HPGDS, MIR29C, TNC, TGFB1, S100A1, PLAUR, ODC1, PCNA, SFRP1, ACTB, CDH1, FOS, AP1B1, PDGFRB, MYC, MTRR, CD34, EPHB2, PLG, TGM2, GSTP1, TIMP2, SPARC, HIF1A, TXNIP, IL1B, CCL2, IGFBP5, GNRH1, EEF1E1, GSTM1, CXCL12, PTTG1, YAP1, SLC9A3R1, DLC1, RAD54L, RPS6KB1, RB1, NR3C1, MAFK, KDR, MYCN, PON1, POLR2A, MSH2, VIM, COX2, MUC1, IGF2BP1, RAC1, UBE2I, UBE2D1, PDCD1, NOS2, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, THBS1, KMT2A, MLH1, MIF, PTGDS, TAT, XRCC3, STAT6, YWHAZ, CXCR4, MCM2, PTN, SMAD4, PTX3, LGALS3, STMN1, LAMC2, GJA1, ZNF197, GFAP, ATRAID, CADM1, BSG, ERBB3, CA9, CTAG1A, CAV1, CCK, CCND2, TPPP2, EIF4A2, CD68, PRAP1, EDNRB, LAMTOR1, MIR200A, TCHP, DCC, CDKN2B, CYP2D6, CXCL16, MINDY4, CFL1, CKS2, CTAG1B, CXCR6, WNK2, CSF2, CD276, BRCA1, EPB41, H3P12, AHR, FOXM1, FAS, FGF9, AP2B1, AR, ALPL, BIRC5, ANPEP, MIR224, FGFR3, ETV6, MIR219A1, RASSF1, MTCO2P12, DOT1L, TNF, MIR205, CLDN5, MAK16, TRP-AGG2-6, SLC25A21, TLR4, DPP9, PGR-AS1, BRIP1, LINC02210-CRHR1, TYMS, CAMKMT, H3P47, KCNH6, MAP1LC3B, SMARCA1, H3P9, TYK2, TTR, MNS16A, TXNRD1, SESN2, TXN, HIRA, TLE3, FSCN1, MTDH, NEK9, TCF12, TUBB, MIR34A, C10orf53, H19, TDO2, TCN2, ZEB1, ZBTB7C, TCEA1, ZAR1, LINC01194, MIR145, MIR21, MIR190A, TGFB3, MIR335, TJP1, SOX10, SOAT1, FAT3, SOD3, RBM45, NKX2-1, PLB1, CBLL2, THY1, TMEM30B, TRPV3, SP100, IDO2, DHFR2, RHBDF2, UCHL1, VHL, MUL1, PART1, CD163, SRRM2, TSPAN12, SMUG1, SRSF11, SNHG1, LARGE1, KIF4A, CLDN1, AIP, PPM1D, PROM1, CFLAR, EGFL6, IL18R1, ADAM23, TNKS, TP63, PSMG1, LGR5, RPL13A, ADIPOQ, SYNM, SEC31A, MRPL28, OGA, NES, SUB1, RALBP1, MSLN, PMEL, UBE2C, EBI3, CORO1A, KIF20A, PPIF, TSPAN2, DNM1L, ABCC5, HNRNPDL, KIF14, PIEZO1, AKAP12, LMO4, TIPARP, UCN, VSIR, NDC1, DIABLO, PNO1, XDH, ADAMTSL3, TXNDC16, WT1, TRPV4, LRRC4, TRPV1, RASAL1, PDLIM2, VIP, MMP25, EZR, NDRG4, MLPH, HMGN5, VDR, VDAC2, SMG8, YY1, DPP8, ARID4B, TAGLN2, PLA2G6, DKK3, RBMS3, TMEM97, AXIN1, SETD2, ARID1A, NXT1, RACGAP1, CLTCL1, TCL1A, PSCA, BICRA, TFPI2, KCNIP3, EXOSC3, PLA2G7, WWOX, SIX1, A1BG, SGK1, GH1, EIF4A1, EDNRA, DVL3, DUSP2, DSP, DRD1, DPP4, DMD, DHCR24, DEFB1, DEFA5, DDX3X, GADD45A, DCX, DCT, CD55, DAB2, CYP19A1, CYP1B1, CYP1A1, CYC1, CXADR, CX3CR1, CTLA4, CCN2, VCAN, CSF3, EIF4E, EIF4G1, EIF5A, F13A1, GAPDH, GABPA, FOLR1, FLT1, FGFR1, FGF13, FCGR3B, FCGR3A, FCER1G, FASN, FBLN1, FAP, F3, ELAVL1, ETS1, ETFA, ERCC5, ERCC4, ERCC2, ERBB4, EPO, EPHA1, EPAS1, ENO2, ENG, ELAVL4, CRYAB, CRHR1, CLDN7, ARNT, CALM3, CALM2, CALM1, CALCA, CAPN5, C1QBP, BRCA2, BRAF, BMP4, BCL6, ATP5F1B, STS, AREG, RUNX3, AQP5, KLK3, APOE, APOA1, ANG, ALOX5, ALDH1A3, ALDH1A1, AGTR2, JAG1, ADCYAP1R1, ABCA2, CAPN1, CBS, CPA1, CDK6, COX8A, KLF6, COL5A1, COL1A2, CNR1, CMM, CCR6, CETN3, CETN2, CENPF, CDKN1C, CDKN1A, CDK4, CCKAR, CDK2, CDC25A, CDK1, CD81, CD70, CD69, CD63, CD33, CD9, CD8A, CCNB1, CCKBR, GCG, GJB2, SFRP4, GLI1, PLA2G2A, PLA2G1B, PGF, PDGFRA, PDGFA, PAX5, PRKN, PAK1, SERPINE1, NAT2, OGN, OMD, NT5E, NPY2R, NOS3, NOS1, NME1, NFKB1, NFE2L2, NBN, MUTYH, MMUT, MUC4, MTR, COX1, MSN, MSH3, PODXL, POLD1, PPARA, PTK2, SET, CX3CL1, SAI1, S100A10, S100A6, S100A4, ROS1, RFC1, RDX, RANBP2, RAC3, PTPRC, PTHLH, PPID, PTGS1, PTGER4, PTCH1, PTBP1, KLK6, PROP1, PRLR, PRL, MAPK8, PRKCD, PRELP, PTPA, ABCC1, MMP11, MMP1, HOXA3, IGFBP7, IGFBP6, IGFBP2, IGF1R, IFNB1, IFNA2, HSF1, HRAS, HPRT1, HOXD@, HOXA10, HOXA7, HOXA@, IL13, HNRNPC, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-A, HGF, HFE, GSTM3, GSC2, GRB2, GPX1, GOT2, GNRHR, IL2, IDO1, MME, LTBP2, CD99, MET, MEIS1, MDM4, MDK, MCM6, MCM5, MCM4, MCM3, MAPT, SMAD2, SMAD1, CYP4F3, ING2, LGALS1, LEP, KRAS, KIFC1, KIF11, KCNMA1, JAK3, JAK2, JAK1, ITGB1, ITGA3, INS, OPHN1
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Neoplasm
Wikipedia
For example, of 113 sequential colorectal cancers, only four had a missense mutation in the DNA repair gene MGMT , while the majority had reduced MGMT expression due to methylation of the MGMT promoter region (an epigenetic alteration). [25] Five reports present evidence that between 40% and 90% of colorectal cancers have reduced MGMT expression due to methylation of the MGMT promoter region. [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] Similarly, out of 119 cases of mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancers that lacked DNA repair gene PMS2 expression, PMS2 was deficient in 6 due to mutations in the PMS2 gene, while in 103 cases PMS2 expression was deficient because its pairing partner MLH1 was repressed due to promoter methylation (PMS2 protein is unstable in the absence of MLH1). [31] In the other 10 cases, loss of PMS2 expression was likely due to epigenetic overexpression of the microRNA, miR-155, which down-regulates MLH1. [32] In further examples, epigenetic defects were found at frequencies of between 13%-100% for the DNA repair genes BRCA1 , WRN , FANCB , FANCF , MGMT, MLH1 , MSH2 , MSH4 , ERCC1 , XPF , NEIL1 and ATM . ... Colorectal MGMT 46% 34% [26] Colorectal MGMT 47% 11% [28] Colorectal MGMT 70% 60% [47] Colorectal MSH2 13% 5% [28] Colorectal ERCC1 100% 40% [33] Colorectal PMS2 88% 50% [33] Colorectal XPF 55% 40% [33] Head and Neck MGMT 54% 38% [48] Head and Neck MLH1 33% 25% [49] Head and Neck MLH1 31% 20% [50] Stomach MGMT 88% 78% [51] Stomach MLH1 73% 20% [52] Esophagus MLH1 77%-100% 23%-79% [53] Some of the small polyps in the field defect shown in the photo of the opened colon segment may be relatively benign neoplasms. ... "Promoter methylation status of hMLH1, MGMT, and CDKN2A/p16 in colorectal adenomas" . World J. Gastroenterol . 16 (28): 3553–60. doi : 10.3748/wjg.v16.i28.3553 . ... "Etiologic field effect: reappraisal of the field effect concept in cancer predisposition and progression" . Mod Pathol . 28 (1): 14–29. doi : 10.1038/modpathol.2014.81 .
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
Wikipedia
Local injection with corticosteroid can be used for certain people with peripheral arthritis. [25] [26] Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) blockers ( antagonists ), such as the biologics etanercept , infliximab , golimumab and adalimumab , have shown good short-term effectiveness in the form of profound and sustained reduction in all clinical and laboratory measures of disease activity. [27] Trials are ongoing to determine their long-term effectiveness and safety. [28] The major drawback is the cost. An alternative may be the newer, orally-administered non-biologic apremilast , which inhibits TNF-α secretion, but a recent study did not find the drug useful for ankylosing spondylitis. [29] Anti-interleukin-6 inhibitors such as tocilizumab , currently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, [30] and rituximab , a monoclonal antibody against CD20, are also undergoing trials. [31] Interleukin-17A inhibitor secukinumab is an option for the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis that has responded inadequately to (TNFα) blockers. [32] Surgery [ edit ] In severe cases of AS, surgery can be an option in the form of joint replacements, particularly in the knees and hips. ... June 2016. Archived from the original on 28 September 2016 . Retrieved 28 September 2016 . ^ a b c Khan MA (2009). ... Archived from the original on 2 October 2016 . Retrieved 28 September 2016 . ^ Sheehan NJ (January 2004). ... "Ankylosing spondylitis: diagnosis and management". Nursing Standard . 28 (16–18): 52–9, quiz 60. doi : 10.7748/ns2013.12.28.16.52.e7807 . ... Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology . 20 (6 Suppl 28): S16-22. PMID 12463441 . Archived from the original on 1 November 2016. ^ Radford EP, Doll R, Smith PG (September 1977).IL23R, ANTXR2, HLA-B, ERAP1, CARD9, ANO6, IL12B, RUNX3, TBKBP1, PTGER4, IL1R2, MEFV, TNFRSF1A, IL10, TLR4, ERAP2, STAT3, HLA-A, NOD2, MICA, PTPN22, NFKB1, IL18R1, IL2RA, TNFSF15, CD6, TNFAIP3, ATG5, KIF21B, TNIP1, ATG16L1, ETS1, NPEPPS, CD40, AHR, CDKAL1, LTBR, TYK2, NOTCH1, IL1R1, IRGM, NFATC1, NOS2, UBASH3A, RBM45, CCR5AS, SP140, STK11, NXF1, LINC01620, BANK1, PPP2R3C, ATXN2L, IL1B, IL1A, FAM118A, IFNGR2, PUS10, RTEL1-TNFRSF6B, SUOX, CCDC162P, LURAP1L, FAM177A1, LINC00993, IL27, JAZF1, HCG9, LINC02863, HLA-C, HIPK1, CMC1, SLC39A11, SOST, IGF2-AS, HLA-DRB1, IL23A, PARK7, IL6R, HDAC7, DENND1B, ZPBP2, ZNF831, RIC8B, BACH2, THADA, GAL3ST2, ADCY3, PRKCQ, PRKCB, IFIH1, SMAD3, PKIG, FGFR1OP, ACTA2, CDC37, PLAU, MMP3, ANKRD55, TSPAN14, MST1, NDFIP1, CPEB4, NKD1, ADCY7, KIR3DS1, NXPE1, RAVER1, DELEC1, CD226, ATXN2, NRAD1, LRRK2, IL17A, HHAT, RMI2, KIR3DL1, INAVA, RPS6KB1, ITGAL, MRAP, RDX, ZMIZ1, ANKRD30A, PTPN2, C17orf67, TRIM31, TNF, CLEC16A, CREM, IRF1-AS1, CRP, CRB1, SEC14L2, OSMR, FIBP, USP8, SKAP2, BSN, ASAP2, KSR1, DAG1, DAP, GPR35, GPSM1, LINC01147, TNFRSF6B, TNFRSF14, SLC9A8, ADGRL2, USO1, FNBP1, GLYAT, MYRF, TMEM258, SLC17A2, CAST, IFNG-AS1, FNDC3A, LINC01934, ZNF365, SH2B3, SPATA48, LINC01250, SBNO2, DKK1, KEAP1, INS-IGF2, LINC00598, PRDM1, SETD1A, IL37, LINC00824, DNMT3A, LINC01185, C1orf141, LINC02213, TEX41, H2AC9P, FCGR2A, UQCR10, IL19, GATD3A, UBE2L3, FLNB, NR5A2, H2BC6, FUT2, GBAP1, LINC01149, GCKR, GEM, GNA12, ERN1, PDCD1, CPQ, IL1RN, IL6, IFNG, CTLA4, ESR1, KIR3DL2, MIR146A, TNFRSF11B, PSMB9, VEGFA, ANKH, LEP, BMP2, HLA-DPB1, TAP1, CTNNB1, TRBV20OR9-2, ALPL, KIR2DS1, BAS, TNFSF11, IL22, JAK2, CYP2D6, TNFRSF1B, RUNX2, IL2RB, TGFB1, IL2, IL4, HSPD1, MIR29A, HP, MIRLET7I, TAP2, VDR, VIP, ADIPOQ, BEST1, FOXP3, PTGS2, SOCS1, SNAPC4, KIR2DL5A, SERPINA1, EBI3, CDR3, HSPA14, MBL2, KIR2DL5B, MTCO2P12, HAVCR2, HSPA1L, CD14, CD28, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DPA1, IFNA1, ACE, DMD, IFNA13, FCGR3B, NLRP3, MIR130A, COX2, FCGR3A, NAT10, NOG, IL12RB2, STAT4, PDLIM7, CCL2, CSF2, SPP1, MAPK14, CCR7, IL7R, TUG1, PADI4, JMY, PPARGC1B, IL32, NAT1, GDE1, GATA3, MIR155, DNMT1, PDLIM3, MIR21, EP300, FCGR2B, MIR214, TBX21, GC, SYT1, MIR221, TLR3, IFNL1, ATRNL1, HLA-DQB1, TAPBP, SAA1, HMGB1, HLA-E, SLPI, MIR451A, AR, ALPP, LGALS3, ANK1, FCRL4, IL1F10, MAPK1, LRP5, CA1, CD38, SEMA3A, BTF3P11, PON1, MMP2, MIF, WNK1, ATHS, CCT, GORASP1, RETN, PSIP1, RPL17, RELA, ASRGL1, CCL27, IL33, KIR2DS5, PTX3, ORMDL3, KDM5A, JAK1, POLG2, MIR7114, LRIT1, H3P13, POLM, MIR182, ACAD8, PRPF31, MIR22, LINC02605, PDCD4, MIR205, POLDIP2, LOC107987479, DKK3, SIGLEC7, TSKU, NLRP1, MIR222, DEFB104B, MIR499A, WG, DEFB103A, TRBV7-9, SIRT1, MIR625, ANKDD1B, MIR96, NINL, SFTPA2, PSD4, CARD8, DEFB4B, MIR9-3, IL17RA, MIR4284, MIR31, MIR301A, RNF19A, MIR495, RPL17-C18orf32, MIR29B1, MIR27A, MIR23A, TRBV16, PDCD1LG2, MIR17, CREB3L1, ORAI1, IGAN1, UBASH3B, HRH4, ACE2, OTULIN, AICDA, DNER, TRBC1, IL17F, DEFB103B, FCRL3, CYCSP25, SAGE1, MEG3, TNFAIP8L1, SRR, CARD11, MINDY4, KREMEN1, SLC38A1, RPF1, TRPM3, TXNDC5, PANK2, SCD5, TREML2, SHCBP1, FCRL5, RIOX1, TNFAIP8L2, GGCT, BCL11B, DEPTOR, ROPN1L, SLCO6A1, MARCHF1, KRT20, CD276, C2orf74, CYP26C1, H3P44, LINC01193, A1CF, BMP8A, GSTK1, CD274, SETD2, REM1, MIR10B, TRAC, TRAJ60, TRAV29DV5, MIR132, ARMH1, GEMIN4, TREM1, F11R, TLR9, DEFB104A, BRWD1, RSS, OR2AG1, GINS2, CDAN1, BTLA, LINC00311, SCLY, TLR7, MARCHF2, PLD6, ASPM, COPD, MUC19, TRAF5, LILRA3, HLA-DMB, IRF8, TNC, HTR1E, HSP90AA1, HSPB1, HSPA5, HSPA4, HSPA2, HSPA1B, HSPA1A, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DOB, HLA-DOA, HLA-DMA, IGF1, HIF1A, HGF, CFHR2, CFH, HCLS1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTM1, GSK3B, NR3C1, GRN, GJA1, GFER, IFIT3, IGF1R, FOXO1, ITGB1, SMAD4, LTA, LSS, LRP6, LIF, LBP, RPSA, LAIR2, KRT7, KIR2DS4, KIR2DL1, KDR, JAK3, ITGAM, IGFBP3, ITGAE, ITGA1, ISG20, IRS1, IRF4, IRAK1, IL15RA, IL13, IL10RA, IL9, CXCL8, IL7, IL2RG, FOS, VEGFD, MMP8, BMPR1A, CDKN2D, CDKN2A, CD74, CD69, CD68, CD59, CD40LG, MS4A1, CD19, RUNX1, CAT, CASP9, C3, BMP7, CELP, BMP6, CXCR5, BGLAP, BCL2A1, ASPA, ASIP, ARSA, ARNTL, AQP1, ANXA6, ALB, ADA, ACR, CEBPB, CISH, FGD1, DNASE1L3, FBN1, F9, MECOM, ERG, EPHB2, EIF4G2, EGFR, E2F2, DVL2, DUSP4, DSPP, ATN1, DPEP1, DMP1, CRK, DLAT, DEFB4A, DBP, CYP26A1, CYP24A1, CYP3A5, CYP2C9, CYP1B1, CYP1A1, CUX1, CSN3, CSF1, HAPLN1, MCAM, MMP9, EBNA1BP2, VIPR1, TNFSF10, TNFSF14, BECN1, TP63, PSMG1, KHSRP, PIK3R3, GPR65, USP9X, AIMP2, ST8SIA4, CXCR4, ZNF154, VIM, TNFRSF11A, VEGFC, VCP, UGT2B17, NAT2, TLR5, TLR2, TLR1, TIMP3, TIMP1, TGFA, TRB, TRA, TCF3, RGS11, TNFRSF10B, TAT, USP34, LILRB1, CCR9, POSTN, AHSA1, CFDP1, LANCL1, RABEPK, UST, EDIL3, TESPA1, GINS1, SPATA2, SPOCK2, TRAF4, TNFRSF10A, EEF1E1, GDF15, NCR2, GRAP2, CD163, MSC, ARHGEF2, MYOM2, SPAG9, SOCS3, SQSTM1, HDAC3, CREG1, TBCA, TAL1, MPP1, PFDN5, PSMB8, PROC, MAPK9, MAPK7, PPP1R1A, PPM1A, POU2F1, PIK3CG, PIK3CD, PIK3CB, PIK3CA, ABCB1, PGF, ENPP1, PSMD7, PAPPA, PAM, P4HB, SIX6, NT5E, CNOT3, NOS3, NFKBIA, NELL1, NDUFS4, MYD88, MTHFR, MSX2, PSMD2, PSMD12, MAP3K7, SGSH, STIM1, SULT1E1, STAT6, STAT5B, STAT5A, SSRP1, SPINK1, SPARC, SOD2, SOAT1, FSCN1, SNCA, SMS, SELP, PTEN, CXCL5, CCL11, CCL3L1, SCNN1A, SAT1, S100A8, RRBP1, RHEB, REN, REG1A, RARB, PTH, PTGIS, H3P28
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Pulmonary Embolism
Wikipedia
A CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is the preferred method for diagnosis of a pulmonary embolism due to its easy administration and accuracy. [28] Although a CTPA is preferred, there are also other tests that can be done. For example, a proximal lower limb compression ultrasound (CUS) can be used. [28] This is a test which is primarily used as a confirmatory test, meaning it confirms a previous analysis showing the presence or suspected presence of a pulmonary embolism. [28] According to a cross-sectional study, CUS tests have a sensitivity of 41% and specificity of 96%. [28] If there are concerns this is followed by testing to determine a likelihood of being able to confirm a diagnosis by imaging, followed by imaging if other tests have shown that there is a likelihood of a PE diagnosis. [26] [29] [30] The diagnosis of PE is based primarily on validated clinical criteria combined with selective testing because the typical clinical presentation ( shortness of breath , chest pain ) cannot be definitively differentiated from other causes of chest pain and shortness of breath.FGA, MTHFR, EPO, PLAU, THBD, XDH, MERTK, TBXA2R, KLKB1, CAT, DAB2IP, PLAT, FGB, HP, MMP2, MMP9, CX3CL1, FGG, VCAM1, NOS3, CCL2, EDN1, TBXAS1, CX3CR1, CCN2, F13A1, F5, STAT4, TRNW, PLP1, PROC, PIGA, PTEN, PROS1, ABO, COX7A2L, TLR4, KLRC4, TRNS1, PROCR, TSPAN15, ERAP1, TET2, AGGF1, SLC44A2, SELENON, FUNDC2, TRIM8, IL23R, F11-AS1, UBAC2, TRNS2, ND5, TRNQ, ENG, TRNL1, HLA-B, HABP2, GNAQ, GDF2, F2, CD55, JAK2, CCR1, CBS, C4A, SERPINC1, FAS, AKT1, IL12A, IL10, KCNJ5, COX3, TRNH, TRNF, ND6, ACVRL1, ND4, ND1, IL12A-AS1, COX2, COX1, MPL, MEFV, SMAD4, CPB2, NPPB, TNNI3, SERPINF2, P2RY12, HGF, ALB, CRP
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Hiv/aids In Lesotho
Wikipedia
The unaffected partner of serodiscordant couples is at disproportionately high risk of contracting HIV from their partner, especially when engaging in risky sexual behaviors such as pregnancy attempts. [28] HIV transmission between heterosexual serodiscordant couples, irrespective of the infected partner's gender, was found to be around 20-25% per year in 2007. [28] In 2013, serodiscordance rates in Lesotho were estimated to be around 13%. [28] Separated, divorced, and widowed individuals are also at high risk for HIV contraction. ... VMMC is widely recommended as a prevention strategy, with research in sub-Saharan Africa finding that female-to-male HIV transmission decreased by 38-66% over two years (Gray et al., 2007; Bailey et al., 2007). [28] Sexual education [ edit ] Uniformed children attend class in Ha Nqabeni primary school, Lesotho.
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Cystocele
Wikipedia
This x-ray shows the shape of the bladder and lets the doctor see any problems that might block the normal flow of urine. [1] A urine culture and sensitivity test will assess the presence of a urinary tract infection that may be related to urinary retention. [12] Other tests may be needed to find or rule out problems in other parts of the urinary system. [1] Differential diagnosis will be improved by identifying possible inflammation of the Skene's glands and Bartholin glands . [28] Grading [ edit ] A number of scales exist to grade the severity of a cystocele. ... Archived from the original on 2017-12-29 . Retrieved 2017-12-28 . ^ Deng, Donna Y.; Rutman, Matthew; Rodriguez, Larissa; Raz, Shlomo (2005-09-01). ... S2CID 195227569 . ^ a b c "Pelvic organ prolapse | womenshealth.gov" . womenshealth.gov . November 28, 2017. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019 . ... Archived from the original on 2017-12-28 . Retrieved 2017-12-27 . ^ "Cystoceles, Urethroceles, Enteroceles, and Rectoceles - Gynecology and Obstetrics - Merck Manuals Professional Edition" .
