Overview A hemangioma (he-man-jee-O-muh), also known as an infantile hemangioma or hemangioma of infancy, is a bright red birthmark. It looks like a rubbery bump or flat red patch and is made up of extra blood vessels in the skin. The mark shows up at birth or in the first month of life. A hemangioma typically appears on the face, scalp, chest or back, though it can be anywhere on the skin. Treatment generally isn't needed for a baby's hemangioma, as the mark fades over time. Typically, there is little trace of it by age 10. You may want to think about treatment for the child if a hemangioma leads to problems with vision, breathing or other bodily functions.
"Rapidly Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome". American Journal of Ophthalmology . 110 (4): 341–348. doi : 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)77012-6 .
Myelomalacia is a pathological term referring to the softening of the spinal cord. [1] Possible causes of myelomalacia include cervical myelopathy , hemorrhagic infarction , or acute injury, such as that caused by intervertebral disc extrusion. [2] In advanced stages, this disorder causes flaccid paraplegia (impairment of motor function in lower extremities), total areflexia (below normal or absence of reflexes) of the pelvic limbs and anus, loss of deep pain perception caudal (toward the coccyx, or tail) to the site of spinal cord injury, muscular atrophy (wasting away of muscle tissue), depressed mental state, and respiratory difficulty due to intercostal (muscles that run between the ribs) and diaphragmatic paralysis . [3] Gradual cranial migration of the neurological deficits (problems relating to the nervous system), is known as ascending syndrome and is said to be a typical feature of diffuse myelomalacia.
Laryngeal paralysis is fairly common in large breed and geriatric dogs , particularly in the Labrador retriever , is rarely found in cats , and can also occur in horses where it is referred to as roaring, roarer's syndrome, or medically as laryngeal hemiplegia or recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN). [1] Laryngeal paralysis can be unilateral or bilateral depending upon dysfunction of one or both arytenoid cartilages.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to the best known of the transfusion transmitted diseases, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Blood that is processed into medications by fractionation is treated in a multi-step process called pathogen inactivation that is analogous to pasteurization : it destroys most viruses and bacteria in the blood.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . v t e HIV/AIDS in Africa Sovereign states Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde (Cabo Verde) Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini (Swaziland) Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe States with limited recognition Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland Dependencies and other territories Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) v t e HIV / AIDS topics HIV/AIDS HIV HIV Lentivirus structure and genome subtypes CDC classification disease progression rates HIV/AIDS diagnosis management pathophysiology prevention research vaccination PrEP WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease Children Teens / Adults Countries by AIDS prevalence rate Conditions Signs and symptoms AIDS-defining clinical condition Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome Lipodystrophy Nephropathy Neurocognitive disorders Pruritus Superinfection Tuberculosis co-infection HIV Drug Resistance Database Innate resistance to HIV Serostatus HIV-positive people Nutrition Pregnancy History History Epidemiology Multiple sex partners Timeline AIDS Museum Timothy Ray Brown Women and HIV/AIDS Social AIDS orphan Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS Circumcision and HIV Criminal transmission Discrimination against people Economic impact Cost of treatment HIV-affected community HIV/AIDS activism HIV/AIDS denialism Red ribbon Safe sex Sex education List of HIV-positive people People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement HIV/AIDS in the porn industry Culture Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories International AIDS Conference International AIDS Society Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) The SING Campaign Solidays Treatment Action Campaign World AIDS Day YAA/Youthforce "Free Me" Larry Kramer Gay Men's Health Crisis ACT UP Silence=Death Project HIV/AIDS pandemic by region / country Africa Angola Benin Botswana Democratic Republic of the Congo Egypt Eswatini Ethiopia Ghana Guinea Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Tanzania South Africa Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe North America Canada Mexico El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua United States New York City Caribbean Haiti Jamaica Dominican Republic South America Bolivia Brazil Colombia Guyana Peru Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China (PRC) ( Yunnan ) East Timor India Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Jordan North Korea Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Burma) Nepal Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Taiwan (ROC) Thailand United Arab Emirates Turkey Vietnam Europe United Kingdom Russia Ukraine Oceania Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
SDCEP . v t e Endodontology Tests Dental radiography Dental pulp test Procedures Non-surgical Root canal treatment Pulp capping Pulpotomy Apexification Pulp regeneration Internal bleaching Surgical Periradicular surgery Apicoectomy Root resection Tooth hemisection Tools Dental dam Apex locator Electronic apex locator Files and reamers Nickel titanium rotary file Operating microscope Silverpoints Materials Amalgam EDTA Eucalyptol Gutta-percha Saline Sodium hypochlorite v t e Dentistry Specialties Endodontics Oral and maxillofacial pathology Oral and maxillofacial radiology Oral and maxillofacial surgery Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics Pediatric dentistry Periodontics Prosthodontics Dental public health Cosmetic dentistry Dental implantology Geriatric dentistry Restorative dentistry Forensic odontology Dental traumatology Holistic dentistry Dental surgery Dental extraction Tooth filling Root canal therapy Root end surgery Scaling and root planing Teeth cleaning Dental bonding Tooth polishing Tooth bleaching Socket preservation Dental implant Organisations American Association of Orthodontists British Dental Association British Dental Health Foundation British Orthodontic Society Canadian Association of Orthodontists Dental Technologists Association General Dental Council Indian Dental Association National Health Service See also Index of oral health and dental articles Outline of dentistry and oral health Dental fear Dental instruments Dental material History of dental treatments Infant oral mutilation Mouth assessment Oral hygiene v t e Acquired tooth disease Hard tissues Caries (tooth decay) Attrition Abrasion Erosion Hypercementosis tooth resorption ( External resorption , Internal resorption , Root resorption ) Pulp/periapical ( Endodontal ) Pulpal External resorption Internal resorption Irreversible pulpitis Reversible pulpitis Pulp necrosis Pink tooth of Mummery Periapical Acute apical periodontitis Chronic apical periodontitis Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions Fistula Periapical abscess Phoenix abscess Vertical root fracture Ungrouped Pulpitis Radicular cyst Periapical abscess Gingiva/periodontal ( Periodontal ) Gingivitis Periodontitis ( Chronic periodontitis ) Periodontal disease Bone cyst Dentigerous cyst Calcifying odontogenic cyst Glandular odontogenic cyst Other Cracked tooth syndrome To be grouped from periodontology Diagnoses Chronic periodontitis Localized aggressive periodontitis Generalized aggressive periodontitis Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease Necrotizing periodontal diseases Abscesses of the periodontium Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions Pathogenesis A. actinomycetemcomitans Capnocytophaga sp.
Meeting criteria for major depressive disorder predicts identity disturbance in BPD patients, and identity disturbance is also correlated with a heightened risk for substance use disorders and high anxiety in adolescents. The syndrome of identity disturbance is encountered in all personality disorder types. [5] Neural substrate [ edit ] To understand the development of self-identity, researchers investigating the neural basis of self have examined the neural systems involved in distinguishing one's own thoughts and actions from the thoughts and actions of others. [6] [7] One critical system implicated in this line of research involves the cortical midline structures (CMS), which include the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex including the adjacent precuneus (see insert). [8] Greater activation in these structures has been found when people made trait judgements about themselves as opposed to others, [9] [10] as well as during a resting state (see Default mode network ) or self-referential activity compared to when involved in a non-self-referential task. [11] [12] In addition to this correlational evidence linking these regions to our self-identity, one study using transcranial magnetic stimulation to transiently disturb neural activity in the medial parietal region of cortex found that this disruption led to a decreased ability to retrieve previous judgements of oneself compared to the retrieval of previous judgements of others. [13] Regions of the brain collectively known as the cortical midline structures.
PMID 2825969 . v t e Overview of tumors , cancer and oncology Conditions Benign tumors Hyperplasia Cyst Pseudocyst Hamartoma Malignant progression Dysplasia Carcinoma in situ Cancer Metastasis Primary tumor Sentinel lymph node Topography Head and neck ( oral , nasopharyngeal ) Digestive system Respiratory system Bone Skin Blood Urogenital Nervous system Endocrine system Histology Carcinoma Sarcoma Blastoma Papilloma Adenoma Other Precancerous condition Paraneoplastic syndrome Staging / grading TNM Ann Arbor Prostate cancer staging Gleason grading system Dukes classification Carcinogenesis Cancer cell Carcinogen Tumor suppressor genes / oncogenes Clonally transmissible cancer Oncovirus Carcinogenic bacteria Misc.
A rare germ cell tumor characterized by multiple patterns reflecting endodermal extraembryonal differentiation (secondary yolk sac and allantois) or endodermal somatic tissues (intestine, liver, and mesenchyme). The tumors most commonly occur in the second or third decade of life. They are typically located in the gonads, occasionally also in other regions. Patients present with a pelvic mass and/or abdominal pain (females) or an often painless, unilateral testicular mass (males). Elevated serum alpha fetoprotein is a common laboratory finding.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . v t e HIV/AIDS in Africa Sovereign states Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde (Cabo Verde) Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini (Swaziland) Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe States with limited recognition Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland Dependencies and other territories Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) v t e HIV / AIDS topics HIV/AIDS HIV HIV Lentivirus structure and genome subtypes CDC classification disease progression rates HIV/AIDS diagnosis management pathophysiology prevention research vaccination PrEP WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease Children Teens / Adults Countries by AIDS prevalence rate Conditions Signs and symptoms AIDS-defining clinical condition Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome Lipodystrophy Nephropathy Neurocognitive disorders Pruritus Superinfection Tuberculosis co-infection HIV Drug Resistance Database Innate resistance to HIV Serostatus HIV-positive people Nutrition Pregnancy History History Epidemiology Multiple sex partners Timeline AIDS Museum Timothy Ray Brown Women and HIV/AIDS Social AIDS orphan Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS Circumcision and HIV Criminal transmission Discrimination against people Economic impact Cost of treatment HIV-affected community HIV/AIDS activism HIV/AIDS denialism Red ribbon Safe sex Sex education List of HIV-positive people People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement HIV/AIDS in the porn industry Culture Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories International AIDS Conference International AIDS Society Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) The SING Campaign Solidays Treatment Action Campaign World AIDS Day YAA/Youthforce "Free Me" Larry Kramer Gay Men's Health Crisis ACT UP Silence=Death Project HIV/AIDS pandemic by region / country Africa Angola Benin Botswana Democratic Republic of the Congo Egypt Eswatini Ethiopia Ghana Guinea Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Tanzania South Africa Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe North America Canada Mexico El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua United States New York City Caribbean Haiti Jamaica Dominican Republic South America Bolivia Brazil Colombia Guyana Peru Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China (PRC) ( Yunnan ) East Timor India Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Jordan North Korea Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Burma) Nepal Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Taiwan (ROC) Thailand United Arab Emirates Turkey Vietnam Europe United Kingdom Russia Ukraine Oceania Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
The score is the sum of three values, each being the score of the most fitting alternative in three categories: [8] Injury type Compression fracture - 1 point Burst fracture - 2 points Translational rotational injury - 3 points Distraction injury - 4 points Posterior ligamentous complex Intact - 0 points Suspected injury or indeterminate - 2 points Injured - 3 points Neurology Intact - 0 points Spinal nerve root injury - 2 points Incomplete injury of cord/ conus medullaris - 3 points Complete injury of cord/conus medullaris (complete) - 2 points Cauda equina syndrome - 3 points A TLICS score of less than 4 indicates non-operative treatment, a score of 4 indicates that the injury may be treated operatively or non-operatively, while a score of more than 4 means that the injury is usually considered for operative management. [8] AOSpine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System [ edit ] AOSpine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System (ATLICS) [9] is the most recent classification scheme for thoracolumbar injuries. [10] ATLICS is broadly based on the TLICS system and has sufficient reliability irrespective of the experience of the observer. [10] ATLICS is primarily focused on fracture morphology, and has two additional sections addressing the neurological grading and clinical modifiers: [9] Fracture morphology [ edit ] Type A: Compression injuries (sub-types A0-A4) Type B: Distraction injuries (sub-types B1-B3) Type C: Translation injuries Neurological status [ edit ] N0: neurologically intact N1: transient deficit N2: radiculopathy N3: "incomplete spinal cord injury or cauda equina injury" [9] N4: "complete spinal cord injury" [9] NX: unknown neurological status Modifiers [ edit ] M1: unknown tension band injury status M2: comorbidities References [ edit ] ^ "Fracture" .
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