Onchocerciasis is a rare tropical parasitic disease transmitted by a black fly. Infection by the parasite can cause eye and skin problems. In humans, the parasitic worms live under the skin (subcutaneous nodules) and produce larvae (microfilariae). The larvae are found throughout the body, but especially in the skin and eyes. Repeated bites by infected flies increase the number of adult worms and larvae. Chronic skin onchocerciasis (onchodermatitis) causes itching, a rash with small pimples (papular rash), scarring, and thickened, leathery skin (lichenification).
"The role of a family history in King Kopetzky Syndrome (obscure auditory dysfunction)". ... "Audiometric configuration in non-syndromic genetic hearing loss". J Audiol Med . 3 : 99–106. ^ Van Camp G, Willems PJ, Smith RJ (1997). "Non-syndromic hearing impairment: unparalleled heterogeneity". ... "Auditory processing disorder in perisylvian syndrome". Brain Dev . 32 (4): 299–304. doi : 10.1016/j.braindev.2009.04.002 . ... "Determinants of speech-hearing disability in King-Kopetzky syndrome". Scand Audiol . 25 (2): 91–6. doi : 10.3109/01050399609047989 .
According to Young, [12] the following steps should be taken when dealing with a patient possibly in a coma: Perform a general examination and medical history check Make sure the patient is in an actual comatose state and is not in locked-in state or experiencing psychogenic unresponsiveness. Patients with locked-in syndrome present with voluntary movement their eyes, whereas patients suffering from psychogenic comas , demonstrate active resistance to passive opening of the eyelids, with the eyelids closing abruptly and completely when the lifted upper eyelid is released (rather than slowly, asymmetrically and incompletely as seen in comas due to organic causes). [17] Find the site of the brain that may be causing coma (i.e., brainstem , back of brain...) and assess the severity of the coma with the Glasgow Coma Scale Take blood work to see if drugs were involved or if it was a result of hypoventilation / hyperventilation Check for levels of “serum glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphate, urea, and creatinine” Perform brain scans to observe any abnormal brain functioning using either CT or MRI scans Continue to monitor brain waves and identify seizures of patient using EEGs Initial evaluation [ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification . ... A life is good if the subject has the capacity for relationship with others, i.e. for meaningfully interacting with other people." [36] This suggests that unawareness may (at least partly) fulfill both conditions identified by Hawkins for life to be good for a subject, thus making the unconscious ethically relevant. [38] See also [ edit ] Medicine portal Brain death , lack of activity in both cortex, and lack of brainstem function Coma scale , a system to assess the severity of coma Locked-in syndrome , paralysis of most muscles, except ocular muscles of the eyes, while patient is conscious Persistent vegetative state (vegetative coma), deep coma without detectable awareness. ... Classification D ICD - 10 : R40.2 ICD - 9-CM : 780.01 MeSH : D003128 DiseasesDB : 16940 External resources Patient UK : Coma v t e Disorders of consciousness Unconsciousness Minimally conscious state Persistent vegetative state Obtundation Coma Brain stem death Stupor Sopor Sleep Somnolence Cataplexy Syncope Heat syncope Vasovagal episode Alteration of consciousness Locked-in syndrome
Overview Coma is a state of prolonged loss of consciousness. It can have a variety of causes, including traumatic head injury, stroke, brain tumor, or drug or alcohol intoxication. A coma may even be caused by an underlying illness, such as diabetes or an infection. Coma is a medical emergency. Quick action is needed to preserve life and brain function. Health care providers typically order a series of blood tests and a brain scan to try to learn what's causing the coma so that proper treatment can begin. A coma doesn't usually last longer than several weeks. People who are unconscious for a longer time might transition to a lasting vegetative state, known as a persistent vegetative state, or brain death.
The conditions that cause colic can become life-threatening in a short period of time. [4] Contents 1 Pathophysiology 1.1 Simple obstruction 1.2 Strangulating obstruction 1.3 Non-strangulating infarction 1.4 Inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract 2 Types 2.1 Gas and spasmodic colic 2.2 Impaction 2.2.1 Pelvic flexure impaction 2.2.2 Ileal impaction and ileal hypertrophy 2.2.3 Sand impaction 2.2.4 Cecal impaction 2.2.5 Gastric impaction 2.2.6 Small colon impaction 2.2.7 Large colon impaction 2.2.8 Enteroliths and fecaliths 2.3 Displacement 2.4 Torsion and volvulus 2.5 Intussusception 2.6 Entrapment 2.6.1 Epiploic foramen entrapment 2.6.2 Mesenteric rent entrapment 2.7 Inflammatory and ulcerative conditions 2.7.1 Proximal enteritis 2.7.2 Colitis 2.7.3 Gastric ulceration 2.7.4 Right dorsal colitis 2.8 Tumors 2.8.1 Strangulating pedunculated lipoma 2.8.2 Other cancers 2.9 Ileus 2.10 Parasites 2.10.1 Ascarids (roundworms) 2.10.2 Tapeworms 2.10.3 Cyathostomes 2.10.4 Large strongyles 2.11 Foal colic 2.11.1 Meconium impactions 2.11.2 Lethal white syndrome 2.11.3 Congenital abnormalities 2.11.4 Infectious organisms 2.12 Herniation 2.12.1 Inguinal herniation 2.12.2 Umbilical herniation 2.12.3 Diaphragmatic herniation 2.13 Toxins 2.14 Uterine tears and torsions 2.15 Other causes that may show clinical signs of colic 3 Diagnosis 3.1 History 3.2 Physical examination 3.3 Rectal examination 3.4 Nasogastric intubation 3.5 Auscultation 3.6 Abdominal ultrasound 3.7 Abdominocentesis (belly tap) 3.8 Abdominal distension 3.9 Fecal examination 3.10 Radiography, gastroscopy, and laparoscopy 3.10.1 Radiography 3.10.2 Gastroscopy 3.10.3 Laparoscopy 3.11 Rectal biopsy 4 Clinical signs 4.1 General 5 Medical management 5.1 Analgesia and sedation 5.2 Nasogastric intubation and gastric decompression 5.3 Fluid support 5.4 Intestinal lubricants and laxatives 5.5 Nutritional support 5.6 Endotoxemia prevention 5.7 Case-specific drug treatment 6 Surgical intervention 6.1 Survival rates 6.2 Adhesion formation 6.3 Post-operative care 7 Prevention 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links Pathophysiology [ edit ] Colic can be divided broadly into several categories: excessive gas accumulation in the intestine ( gas colic ) simple obstruction strangulating obstruction non-strangulating infarction inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (enteritis, colitis) or the peritoneum ( peritonitis ) ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa These categories can be further differentiated based on location of the lesion and underlying cause (See Types of colic ). ... Inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract [ edit ] Further information: § Ileus , equine proximal enteritis , § Toxins , and equine gastric ulcer syndrome Inflammation along any portion of the GI tract can lead to colic. ... Horses are also at increased risk of thrombophlebitis . [29] Gastric ulceration [ edit ] Main article: Equine gastric ulcer syndrome Horses form ulcers in the stomach fairly commonly, a disease called equine gastric ulcer syndrome . ... Surgery in a foal can be especially risky due to immature immune system and low levels of ingested colostrum. Lethal white syndrome [ edit ] Lethal white syndrome , or ileocolonic aganglionosis, will result in meconium impaction since the foal does not have adequate nerve innervation to the large intestine, in essence, a nonfunctioning colon. ... They present with signs of colic within the first 12 hours after birth, and die within 48 hours due to constipation. This syndrome is not treatable. [34] [35] Congenital abnormalities [ edit ] Atresia coli and atresia ani can also present as meconium impaction.
The only diagnostic guidance was that sexual deviation should have been "reserved for deviant sexuality which [was] not symptomatic of more extensive syndromes, such as schizophrenic or obsessional reactions". ... Comstock , 2010). [65] [66] See also [ edit ] Psychology portal Human sexuality portal Psychiatry portal List of paraphilias Perversion -phil- (list of philias) Courtship disorder Dorian Gray syndrome Erotic target location error Human sexuality Lovemap Object sexuality Psychosexual development Richard von Krafft-Ebing Sex and the law Sexual ethics References [ edit ] Citations ^ Janssen, Diederik F (30 June 2020). ... DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR list of paraphilias Proposed diagnostic criteria for sex and gender section of DSM5 v t e Paraphilias List Abasiophilia Acrotomophilia Agalmatophilia Algolagnia Apotemnophilia Autassassinophilia Biastophilia Capnolagnia Chremastistophilia Chronophilia Coprophagia Coprophilia Crurophilia Crush fetish Dacryphilia Dendrophilia Emetophilia Eproctophilia Erotic asphyxiation Erotic hypnosis Erotophonophilia Exhibitionism Formicophilia Frotteurism Gerontophilia Homeovestism Hybristophilia Infantophilia Kleptolagnia Klismaphilia Lactaphilia Macrophilia Masochism Mechanophilia Microphilia Narratophilia Nasophilia Necrophilia Object sexuality Odaxelagnia Olfactophilia Omorashi Paraphilic infantilism Partialism Pedophilia Podophilia Plushophilia Pyrophilia Sadism Salirophilia Scopophilia Somnophilia Sthenolagnia Tamakeri Telephone scatologia Transvestic fetishism Trichophilia Troilism Urolagnia Urophagia Vorarephilia Voyeurism Zoophilia Zoosadism See also Other specified paraphilic disorder Erotic target location error Courtship disorder Polymorphous perversity Sexual fetishism Human sexual activity Perversion Sexology Book Category v t e Human sexuality and sexology Sexual relationship phenomena Asexuality Gray asexuality Bisexuality Casual relationship Casual sex Celibacy Celibacy syndrome Herbivore men Committed relationship Conventional sex Free love Foreplay Heterosexuality Homosexuality Hypersexuality Marriage One-night stand Polyamory Promiscuity Female Romantic love Romantic orientation Flirting Sex life Sexual abstinence Sexual orientation Sexual partner Single person Swinging Sexual dynamics Hypergamy Intersex Physical attractiveness Sexual attraction Sexual capital Sexual ethics Sexual frustration Sociosexuality See also Sexual addiction Sex Addicts Anonymous Sex-positive movement Sexual surrogate v t e Outline of human sexuality Physiology and biology Erection Insemination Intersex Libido Nocturnal emission Orgasm Female and male ejaculation Pelvic thrust Pre-ejaculate Pregnancy Sexual arousal Sexual stimulation Health and education Birth control Condom Masters and Johnson Reproductive medicine Andrology Gynaecology Urology Safe sex Sex education Sex therapy ( PLISSIT model ) Sexology Sexual dysfunction Erectile dysfunction Hypersexuality Hyposexuality Sexual medicine Sexual surrogate Sexually transmitted infection Identity and diversity Gender binary Gender identity Men who have sex with men Sexual identity Sexual orientation Women who have sex with women Law Age of consent Criminal transmission of HIV Child sexual abuse Incest Indecent exposure Obscenity Sexual abuse Cybersex trafficking Rape Sex trafficking Sexual assault Sexual harassment Sexual misconduct Sexual slavery Sexual violence History Blue Movie Counterculture of the 1960s Feminist sex wars Golden Age of Porn History of erotic depictions Sexual revolution Relationships and society Anarchism and love/sex Extramarital sex Family planning Flirting Free love Marriage Modesty Polyamory Premarital sex Promiscuity Romance Sex-positive movement Sexual abstinence Sexual addiction Sexual attraction Sexual capital Sexual ethics Sexual objectification Sexual slang By country Ancient Rome China India Japan Philippines South Korea United States Sexual activities Conventional sex Anal sex Bareback BDSM Child sex Creampie Edging Erotic sexual denial Fetishism Fingering Fisting Gang bang Group sex Masturbation Mechanics of sex Nipple stimulation Non-penetrative sex Facial Foot fetishism Footjob Forced orgasm Frot Handjob Mammary intercourse Sumata Oral sex 69 Anilingus Cunnilingus Fellatio Irrumatio Paraphilia Pompoir Quickie Sex in space Sex positions Sexual fantasy Sexual fetishism Sexual intercourse Foreplay Sexual penetration Swinging Tribadism Urethral intercourse Urolagnia Virtual sex Cybersex Erotic talk Wet T-shirt contest Sex industry Red-light district Adult video games Erotica Pornography Film actor Prostitution Survival sex Sex museum Sex shop Sex tourism Child Female Sex worker Sex toy doll Strip club Webcam model Religion and sexuality Buddhism Christian demonology Daoism Islam Mormonism Sex magic Human sexuality portal
In some people, symptoms may include conjunctivitis , keratitis , uveitis , and optic nerve palsies that can sometimes cause chronic ocular inflammation, loss of vision, and debilitating pain. [23] Shingles oticus , also known as Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II , involves the ear . It is thought to result from the virus spreading from the facial nerve to the vestibulocochlear nerve . ... In people who are at a high risk for repeated attacks of shingles, five daily oral doses of aciclovir are usually effective. [24] Steroids [ edit ] Corticosteroids do not appear to decrease the risk of long-term pain . [14] Side effects however appear to be minimal. Their use in Ramsay Hunt syndrome had not been properly studied as of 2008. [64] Zoster ophthalmicus [ edit ] Zoster ophthalmicus Treatment for zoster ophthalmicus is similar to standard treatment for shingles at other sites. ... "Corticosteroids as adjuvant to antiviral treatment in Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster oticus with facial palsy) in adults".
Overview Shingles is a viral infection that causes a painful rash. Shingles can occur anywhere on your body. It typically looks like a single stripe of blisters that wraps around the left side or the right side of your torso. Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus — the same virus that causes chickenpox. After you've had chickenpox, the virus stays in your body for the rest of your life. Years later, the virus may reactivate as shingles. Shingles isn't life-threatening.
Shingles (also known as herpes zoster) results from infection by the varicella zoster virus. This common virus causes chickenpox (also known as varicella), which is characterized by itchy spots on the skin that cover the whole body and usually occurs in childhood or adolescence. After the body fights the initial infection, the varicella zoster virus remains in nerve cells for the rest of a person's life. Because the virus is controlled by immune system cells called T cells , it is generally inactive (latent) and typically causes no health problems. However, in some people, the virus becomes active again (reactivates) and causes shingles.
There are three points that need to be met for a diagnosis of DLD: [1] The child has language difficulties that create obstacles to communication or learning in everyday life, The child's language problems are unlikely to resolve by five years of age, and The problems are not associated with a known biomedical condition such as brain injury, neurodegenerative conditions, genetic conditions or chromosome disorders such as Down syndrome , sensorineural hearing loss, or autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability. ... The second criterion, persistence of language problems, can be difficult to judge in a young child, but longitudinal studies have shown that difficulties are less likely to resolve for children who have poor language comprehension, rather than difficulties confined to expressive language. [1] In addition, children with isolated difficulties in just one of the areas noted under 'subtypes' tend to make better progress than those whose language is impaired in several areas. [29] The third criterion specifies that DLD is used for children whose language disorder is not part of another biomedical condition, such as a genetic syndrome, a sensorineural hearing loss, neurological disease, autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability – these were termed 'differentiating conditions' by the CATALISE panel. [1] Language disorders occurring with these conditions need to be assessed and children offered appropriate intervention, but a terminological distinction is made so that these cases would be diagnosed as language disorder associated with the main diagnosis being specified: e.g.
In these, people more often hear snippets of songs that they know, or the music they hear may be original, and may occur in normal people and with no known cause. [6] Other types of auditory hallucination include exploding head syndrome and musical ear syndrome . In the latter, people will hear music playing in their mind, usually songs they are familiar with. ... External links [ edit ] "Anthropology and Hallucinations" , chapter from The Making of Religion "The voice inside: A practical guide to coping with hearing voices" A salience dysregulation syndrome , from Jim van Os . The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2009.
Primary adrenal insufficiency are: Addison's disease [18] and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (including enzyme deficiencies such as 21α hydroxylase , 17α hydroxylase , 11β hydroxylase , or 3β dehydrogenase ). [19] Type IV renal tubular acidosis (aldosterone resistance of the kidney's tubules) Gordon's syndrome ( pseudohypoaldosteronism type II) ("familial hypertension with hyperkalemia"), a rare genetic disorder caused by defective modulators of salt transporters, including the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter . ... Increased tissue breakdown such as rhabdomyolysis , burns , or any cause of rapid tissue necrosis , including tumor lysis syndrome can cause the release of intracellular potassium into blood, causing hyperkalemia. [13] [14] Beta2-adrenergic agonists act on beta-2 receptors to drive potassium into the cells. ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : E87.5 ICD - 9-CM : 276.7 MeSH : D006947 DiseasesDB : 6242 External resources MedlinePlus : 001179 eMedicine : emerg/261 Patient UK : Hyperkalemia USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 26 List of foods rich in potassium National Kidney Foundation site on potassium content of foods v t e Electrolyte imbalances Sodium High Salt poisoning Low Hypotonic Isotonic Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome Potassium High Low Chloride High Low Calcium High Low Symptoms and signs Chvostek sign Trousseau sign Milk-alkali syndrome Disorders of calcium metabolism Calcinosis ( Calciphylaxis , Calcinosis cutis ) Calcification ( Metastatic calcification , Dystrophic calcification ) Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Phosphate High Low Magnesium High Low
The German Karl Adolph von Basedow independently reported the same constellation of symptoms in 1840. [40] [41] As a result, on the European Continent, the terms Basedow's syndrome, [42] Basedow's disease, or Morbus Basedow [43] are more common than Graves' disease. [42] [44] Graves' disease [42] [43] has also been called exophthalmic goiter. [43] Less commonly, it has been known as Parry's disease, [42] [43] Begbie's disease, Flajani's disease, Flajani–Basedow syndrome, and Marsh's disease. [42] These names for the disease were derived from Caleb Hillier Parry , James Begbie , Giuseppe Flajani , and Henry Marsh . [42] Early reports, not widely circulated, of cases of goiter with exophthalmos were published by the Italians Giuseppe Flajani [45] and Antonio Giuseppe Testa, [46] in 1802 and 1810, respectively. [47] Prior to these, Caleb Hillier Parry, [48] a notable provincial physician in England of the late 18th century (and a friend of Edward Miller-Gallus ), [49] described a case in 1786. ... [Casper's] Wochenschrift für die gesammte Heilkunde, Berlin, 1848: 769–777. ^ a b c d e f g Basedow's syndrome or disease at Who Named It? – the history and naming of the disease ^ a b c d Robinson, Victor, ed. (1939). ... Thesaurus of the Shah of Khwarazm. ^ Ljunggren JG (August 1983). "[Who was the man behind the syndrome: Ismail al-Jurjani, Testa, Flagani, Parry, Graves or Basedow? ... Classification D ICD - 10 : E05.0 ICD - 9-CM : 242.0 OMIM : 275000 MeSH : D006111 DiseasesDB : 5419 SNOMED CT : 353295004 External resources Curlie : Graves' disease MedlinePlus : 000358 eMedicine : med/929 ped/899 v t e Thyroid disease Hypothyroidism Iodine deficiency Cretinism Congenital hypothyroidism Myxedema Myxedema coma Euthyroid sick syndrome Signs and symptoms Queen Anne's sign Woltman sign Thyroid dyshormonogenesis Pickardt syndrome Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroxinemia Thyroid hormone resistance Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia Hashitoxicosis Thyrotoxicosis factitia Thyroid storm Graves' disease Signs and symptoms Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter Boston's sign Dalrymple's sign Stellwag's sign lid lag Griffith's sign Möbius sign Pretibial myxedema Graves' ophthalmopathy Thyroiditis Acute infectious Subacute De Quervain's Subacute lymphocytic Palpation Autoimmune /chronic Hashimoto's Postpartum Riedel's Enlargement Goitre Endemic goitre Toxic nodular goitre Toxic multinodular goiter Thyroid nodule Colloid nodule v t e Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases Type I / allergy / atopy ( IgE ) Foreign Atopic eczema Allergic urticaria Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever) Allergic asthma Anaphylaxis Food allergy common allergies include: Milk Egg Peanut Tree nut Seafood Soy Wheat Penicillin allergy Autoimmune Eosinophilic esophagitis Type II / ADCC IgM IgG Foreign Hemolytic disease of the newborn Autoimmune Cytotoxic Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris Rheumatic fever Goodpasture syndrome Guillain–Barré syndrome " Type V "/ receptor Graves' disease Myasthenia gravis Pernicious anemia Type III ( Immune complex ) Foreign Henoch–Schönlein purpura Hypersensitivity vasculitis Reactive arthritis Farmer's lung Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Serum sickness Arthus reaction Autoimmune Systemic lupus erythematosus Subacute bacterial endocarditis Rheumatoid arthritis Type IV / cell-mediated ( T cells ) Foreign Allergic contact dermatitis Mantoux test Autoimmune Diabetes mellitus type 1 Hashimoto's thyroiditis Multiple sclerosis Coeliac disease Giant-cell arteritis Postorgasmic illness syndrome Reactive arthritis GVHD Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease Unknown/ multiple Foreign Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Transplant rejection Latex allergy (I+IV) Autoimmune Sjögren syndrome Autoimmune hepatitis Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome APS1 APS2 Autoimmune adrenalitis Systemic autoimmune disease Authority control BNE : XX531538 BNF : cb121242921 (data) GND : 4144092-4 LCCN : sh85056549 NDL : 00560542 NSK : 000092830 SUDOC : 029667402
Chelly et al. (1986) reported the first observation of a girl with typical DMD and typical 45,XO Turner syndrome. The one X chromosome in the girl was normal by high resolution banding, but DNA analysis by Southern blotting and hybridization with 7 cloned probes mapping in the Xp21 region showed a deletion of 3 of the probes. ... Suthers et al. (1989) described a man with Becker muscular dystrophy and the Klinefelter syndrome who was much more mildly affected than his 3 nephews. ... Although the child was phenotypically female, the karyotype showed 46,XY, and she was found to have a mutation in the AR gene causing androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS; 300068). The patient's sister also had the AR mutation and AIS, but did not have the DMD mutation. ... A very subtle interstitial deletion of part of Xp21 was demonstrated as the presumed basis of this 'contiguous gene syndrome.' That this was a deletion and not a translocation was demonstrated by the absence of 1 DNA probe from the genome of the patient. ... This high proportion of carriers is consistent with a higher mutation rate in males than in females, a conclusion suggested also by data on Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (308000) and hemophilia (306700).
A rare, genetic, muscular dystrophy characterized by rapidly progressive muscle weakness and wasting due to degeneration of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle. Epidemiology DMD primarily affects males with an estimated male birth prevalence of 1/3,500-1/9,300. Clinical description Onset occurs in early childhood, and affected boys may show a delay in walking (after 18 months of age) accompanied with speech and/or global developmental delay. Autism and behavioral problems, such as ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, are relatively common. Untreated children with DMD rarely achieve the ability to run or jump.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) affects the muscles, leading to muscle wasting that gets worse over time. DMD occurs primarily in males, though in rare cases may affect females. The symptoms of DMD include progressive weakness and loss (atrophy) of both skeletal and heart muscle. Early signs may include delayed ability to sit, stand, or walk and difficulties learning to speak. Muscle weakness is usually noticeable in early childhood. Most children with DMD use a wheelchair by their early teens.
Autosomal dominant epilepsy with auditory features (ADEAF) is a focal epilepsy syndrome with auditory symptoms and/or receptive aphasia as prominent ictal manifestations. ... Fewer than 3% of persons with epilepsy have a significant family history of epilepsy and only a fraction of these have clinical features consistent with ADEAF. Whereas Mendelian epilepsy syndromes account for a very small fraction of all epilepsy, findings from one study suggest that among Mendelian forms of focal epilepsy, ADEAF may not be rare as 9/48 (19%) of families with two or more individuals with idiopathic focal epilepsy met criteria for ADEAF (i.e., they comprised ≥2 individuals with ictal auditory symptoms) [Ottman et al 2004].
A rare, genetic, familial partial epilepsy disease characterized by focal seizures associated with prominent ictal auditory symptoms, and/or receptive aphasia, presenting in two or more family members and having a relatively benign evolution. Epidemiology The prevalence of autosomal dominant epilepsy with auditory features (ADEAF) is unknown but likely to be very low. Fewer than 3% of persons with epilepsy have a significant family history of epilepsy and only a fraction of these have clinical features consistent with ADEAF. Clinical description ADEAF usually presents in adolescence or early adulthood (but can range from 4-50 years of age) with the onset of focal epilepsy originating predominantly in the lateral temporal lobe. Seizures may be precipitated by specific sounds (i.e. telephone ringing or speech) but in most cases there are no recognizable triggers.
Autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features (ADPEAF) is an uncommon form of epilepsy that runs in families. This disorder causes seizures usually characterized by sound-related (auditory) symptoms such as buzzing, humming, or ringing. Some people experience more complex sounds during a seizure, such as specific voices or music, or changes in the volume of sounds. Some people with ADPEAF suddenly become unable to understand language before losing consciousness during a seizure. This inability to understand speech is known as receptive aphasia. Less commonly, seizures may cause visual hallucinations, a disturbance in the sense of smell, a feeling of dizziness or spinning (vertigo), or other symptoms affecting the senses.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because autosomal dominant familial temporal lobe epilepsy-1 (ETL1) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the LGI1 gene (604619) on chromosome 10q24. Description Autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy is a specific form of temporal lobe epilepsy characterized by partial seizures originating from the temporal lobe. Seizures are usually accompanied by sensory symptoms, most often auditory in nature (summary by Winawer et al., 2000). Genetic Heterogeneity of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy See also ETL2 (608096), which maps to chromosome 12q; ETL3 (611630), which maps to chromosome 4q; ETL4 (611631), which maps to chromosome 9q; ETL5 (614417), caused by mutation in the CPA6 gene (609562) on chromosome 8q13; ETL6 (615697), which maps to chromosome 3q25-q26; ETL7 (616436), caused by mutation in the RELN gene (600514) on chromosome 7q22; and ETL8 (616461), caused by mutation in the GAL gene (137035) on chromosome 11q13. Clinical Features Most partial or focal epilepsies in which seizures begin in a specific brain region are assumed to be nongenetic.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that familial temporal lobe epilepsy-8 (ETL8) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the GAL gene (137035) on chromosome 11q13. One such family has been reported. For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of temporal lobe epilepsy, see ETL1 (600512). Clinical Features Guipponi et al. (2015) reported a pair of monozygotic twin brothers who developed temporal lobe epilepsy at age 13 years. Both reported aura variably characterized by abdominal discomfort, incoherent speech, blurred vision, auditory hallucinations, slow ideation, or deja vu. The symptoms were consistent with complex partial seizures with occasional secondary generalization.
Autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features (ADPEAF) is a rare form of epilepsy , a condition that is characterized by recurrent seizures. In ADPEAF, specifically, most affected people experience secondary generalized seizures and partial seizures , some of which are associated with sound-related symptoms (such as buzzing, humming, or ringing) and/or receptive aphasia (inability to understand written or spoken words). Less commonly, seizures may cause visual hallucinations, a disturbance in the sense of smell, vertigo , or other symptoms affecting the senses. Signs and symptoms of the condition generally begin in adolescence or early adulthood. ADPEAF is caused by changes (mutations) in the LGI1 or RELN gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that familial temporal lobe epilepsy-7 (ETL7) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the RELN gene (600514) on chromosome 7q22. Description Familial temporal lobe epilepsy-7 is a form of autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy characterized by focal seizures with prominent auditory symptoms (summary by Dazzo et al., 2015). For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial temporal lobe epilepsy, see 600512. Clinical Features Dazzo et al. (2015) reported 7 unrelated families with autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Affected individuals had focal epilepsy with auras consistent with a lateral temporal origin; auras were mainly auditory and manifest as ringing, humming, sounds, voices, or music.
In some occasions, meningitis occurs without a prodromal syndrome. [7] Meningoencephalitis is characterized by more profound neurological signs such as confusion, drowsiness, sensory abnormalities and motor signs. Under reported complications include myelitis, Guillain–Barré-type syndrome, cranial nerve palsies, transient or permanent hydrocephalus, sensorineural hearing loss, orchitis, arthritis and parotitis. [7] LCMV infections have also been associated with pancreatitis, pneumonitis, myocarditis and pericarditis. [7] The entire illness usually lasts 1 to 3 weeks, [7] nonetheless, temporary or permanent neurological damage is possible in all central nervous system infections, especially in cases of meningoencephalitis. ... CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) Classification D ICD - 10 : A87.2 ICD - 9-CM : 049.0 MeSH : D008216 DiseasesDB : 30803 External resources eMedicine : med/1350 v t e Infectious diseases – viral systemic diseases Oncovirus DNA virus HBV Hepatocellular carcinoma HPV Cervical cancer Anal cancer Penile cancer Vulvar cancer Vaginal cancer Oropharyngeal cancer KSHV Kaposi's sarcoma EBV Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Burkitt's lymphoma Hodgkin lymphoma Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type MCPyV Merkel-cell carcinoma RNA virus HCV Hepatocellular carcinoma Splenic marginal zone lymphoma HTLV-I Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma Immune disorders HIV AIDS Central nervous system Encephalitis / meningitis DNA virus Human polyomavirus 2 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy RNA virus MeV Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis LCV Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Arbovirus encephalitis Orthomyxoviridae (probable) Encephalitis lethargica RV Rabies Chandipura vesiculovirus Herpesviral meningitis Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2 Myelitis Poliovirus Poliomyelitis Post-polio syndrome HTLV-I Tropical spastic paraparesis Eye Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus retinitis HSV Herpes of the eye Cardiovascular CBV Pericarditis Myocarditis Respiratory system / acute viral nasopharyngitis / viral pneumonia DNA virus Epstein–Barr virus EBV infection / Infectious mononucleosis Cytomegalovirus RNA virus IV : Human coronavirus 229E / NL63 / HKU1 / OC43 Common cold MERS coronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome SARS coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS coronavirus 2 Coronavirus disease 2019 V , Orthomyxoviridae : Influenza virus A / B / C / D Influenza / Avian influenza V, Paramyxoviridae : Human parainfluenza viruses Parainfluenza Human orthopneumovirus hMPV Human digestive system Pharynx / Esophagus MuV Mumps Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus esophagitis Gastroenteritis / diarrhea DNA virus Adenovirus Adenovirus infection RNA virus Rotavirus Norovirus Astrovirus Coronavirus Hepatitis DNA virus HBV ( B ) RNA virus CBV HAV ( A ) HCV ( C ) HDV ( D ) HEV ( E ) HGV ( G ) Pancreatitis CBV Urogenital BK virus MuV Mumps Taxon identifiers Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus Wikidata : Q24719445 Wikispecies : Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus NCBI : 11623 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Wikidata : Q19838576 IRMNG : 11460202
A leukodystrophy is a type of rare genetic disorder that affects the brain, spinal cord, and other nerves in the body. It is caused by destruction of the white matter of the brain. The white matter degrades due to defects of the myelin, which is a fatty covering that insulates nerves in the brain. Myelin is needed to protect the nerves and the nerves can't function normally without it. These disorders are progressive, meaning they tend to get worse with time. The leukodystrophies are a group of disorders caused by spelling mistakes (mutations) in the genes involved in making myelin.
Catatonic symptoms also occur in schizophrenia or in manic episodes, or may be caused by neuroleptic malignant syndrome . [122] "Depression with anxious distress" was added into the DSM-V as a means to emphasize the common co-occurrence between depression or mania and anxiety, as well as the risk of suicide of depressed individuals with anxiety. ... Although depression is currently categorized as a separate disorder, there is ongoing debate because individuals diagnosed with major depression often experience some hypomanic symptoms, indicating a mood disorder continuum. [126] Further differential diagnoses involve chronic fatigue syndrome . [127] Other disorders need to be ruled out before diagnosing major depressive disorder.
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Major depressive episode" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( April 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article may have too many section headers dividing up its content . Please help improve the article by merging similar sections and removing unneeded subheaders. ( November 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Major depressive episode Specialty Psychiatry A major depressive episode ( MDE ) is a period characterized by the symptoms of major depressive disorder . Sufferers primarily have a depressed mood for two weeks or more, and a loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities, accompanied by other symptoms such as feelings of emptiness, hopelessness, anxiety , worthlessness, guilt and irritability, changes in appetite, problems concentrating, remembering details or making decisions, and thoughts of suicide. [1] Insomnia or hypersomnia , aches, pains, or digestive problems that are resistant to treatment may also be present. [1] The description has been formalized in psychiatric diagnostic criteria such as the DSM-5 and ICD-10 . [2] [ full citation needed ] Biological, psychological, and social factors are believed to be involved in the cause of depression, although it is still not well understood. [3] Factors like socioeconomic status, life experience, and personality tendencies play a role in the development of depression and may represent increases in risk for developing a major depressive episode. [4] There are many theories as to how depression occurs.
The clinical features of untreated homocystinuria due to CBS deficiency usually manifest in the first or second decade of life and include myopia, ectopia lentis, mental retardation, skeletal anomalies resembling Marfan syndrome (MFS; 154700), and thromboembolic events. ... A second offspring had Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (130650). The remaining 10 offspring were normal at birth and remained normal. ... Hubmacher et al. (2005) noted that the skeletal and ocular findings of patients with homocystinuria resemble those seen in Marfan syndrome (MFS; 154700), which is caused by mutation in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1; 134797). ... He was initially reported at age 7 years as an unusual case of Marfan syndrome with renal abnormalities, case 4 of Loughridge (1959).
Classical homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase (CbS) deficiency is characterized by the multiple involvement of the eye, skeleton, central nervous system, and vascular system. Epidemiology According to data collected from countries that have screened over 200,000 newborns, the cumulative detection rate of CbS deficiency is 1 in 344,000. In some areas, the reported incidence based on clinical cases is approximately 1 in 65,000. More recently, screening based on CbS mutations has led to reported incidences as high as 1 in 20,000. Clinical description Patients are normal at birth and, if left untreated, the disease course is progressive.
Homocystinuria due to CBS deficiency is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to correctly use the amino acid, homocysteine, one of the building blocks of protein. This form of homocystinuria is caused by a genetic mutation in the CBS gene, which leads to low levels or absence of an enzyme called cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS). When CBS is absent or not working right, homocysteine and other toxic chemicals build up in the blood and urine. Symptoms of this disorder include poor growth and slow weight gain in infancy. Additional symptoms include nearsightedness, dislocation of the lens of the eye, an increased risk of blood clots, and developmental problems.
Brain tumor Brain trauma Less common [ edit ] Autoimmune disease Paraneoplastic syndrome Micrometastasis neurodegenerative disorders Certain infections (e.g., Bartonella henselae [19] ) Metabolic disease (e.g., hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state [20] ) Common causes [ edit ] The most common cause of expressive aphasia is stroke . ... However, left-handed individuals are more likely to have a dominance of language in the right hemisphere. [6] Uncommon causes [ edit ] Less common causes of expressive aphasia include primary autoimmune phenomenon and autoimmune phenomenon that are secondary to cancer (as a paraneoplastic syndrome ) have been listed as the primary hypothesis for several cases of aphasia, especially when presenting with other psychiatric disturbances and focal neurological deficits. ... Stroke . 34 (2): 365–366. doi : 10.1161/01.str.0000054630.33395.e2 . PMID 12574538 . ^ "Specific Syndromes: The Nonfluent Aphasias" . Neuropathologies of Language and Cognition . ... ISSN 0028-3878 . ^ a b Darnell, Robert; Darnell, Robert B.; Posner, Jerome B. (2011-08-22). Paraneoplastic Syndromes . Oxford University Press, USA. ... Retrieved from http://www.asha.org/Practice-Portal/Clinical-Topics/Aphasia/Common-Classifications-of-Aphasia/ v t e Symptoms , signs and syndromes associated with lesions of the brain and brainstem Brainstem Medulla (CN 8, 9, 10, 12) Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg PICA Medial medullary syndrome/Dejerine ASA Pons (CN 5, 6, 7, 8) Upper dorsal pontine syndrome/Raymond-Céstan syndrome Lateral pontine syndrome ( AICA ) (lateral) Medial pontine syndrome / Millard–Gubler syndrome / Foville's syndrome ( basilar ) Locked-in syndrome Internuclear ophthalmoplegia One and a half syndrome Midbrain (CN 3, 4) Weber's syndrome ventral peduncle, PCA Benedikt syndrome ventral tegmentum, PCA Parinaud's syndrome dorsal, tumor Claude's syndrome Other Alternating hemiplegia Cerebellum Latearl Dysmetria Dysdiadochokinesia Intention tremor ) Medial Cerebellar ataxia Basal ganglia Chorea Dystonia Parkinson's disease Cortex ACA syndrome MCA syndrome PCA syndrome Frontal lobe Expressive aphasia Abulia Parietal lobe Receptive aphasia Hemispatial neglect Gerstmann syndrome Astereognosis Occipital lobe Bálint's syndrome Cortical blindness Pure alexia Temporal lobe Cortical deafness Prosopagnosia Thalamus Thalamic syndrome Other Upper motor neuron lesion Aphasia
In a small number of cases, the disease has an increased frequency in patients who have a family history of a hematological malignancy, particularly leukemia, or various autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren syndrome and lupus erythematosus . Inherited genetic, shared environmental, and other as yet unidentified factors may underlie these increased risks of developing an EMZL. [10] Another key factor in the initiation of many EMZL cases is chronic inflammation caused by a chronic infection or autoimmune reaction. ... Conjunctiva lesions usually present as a salmon red patch that covers the outer layer of the eyeball; intra-orbital lesions commonly present as exophthalmos (i.e. a bulging of the eye) (27% of cases), a palpable eye mass (19%), ptosis (i.e. eyelid drooping) (6%) and/or, less commonly, diplopia (i.e. double vision), impaired orbital mobility, excessive tearing, and/or orbital nodules. [34] Patients with conjunctiva disease may be asymptomatic. [35] A variable percentage of patients with primary ocular adnexa MZL may concurrently be afflicted with Hashimoto's thyroiditis , Sjögren syndrome , or IgG4-related disease . Some studies have also found that the disease is associated with Helicobactor pylori infection of the stomach (45% of cases) or EMZL in other tissues (25% of cases). ... Treatment with fludarabine , CHOP , chlorambucil , or chlorambucil + rituximab have been used to treat extensive disease with each treatment giving approximately similar overall median survival times of >10 years. [41] Primary salivary gland [ edit ] Primary salivary gland EMZL (also termed MALT lymphoma of the salivary glands ) or, in cases primarily involving the lacrimal glands , primary lacrimal gland EMZL (also termed MALT lymphoma of the lacrimal gland) is a complication of Sjögren syndrome , an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the salivary and/or lacrimal glands. [17] This autoimmune disease is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors including infectious agents . This lymphoma afflicts ~3% of patients with Sjögren syndrome [8] and involves one or more of the afflicted salivary or, less commonly, lacrimal glands. [17] The median time between diagnosis of the autoimmune disease and EMZL varies between 7.5 [17] and 11 years. [19] Afflicted individuals typically are 55–60 years old and present with localized hardening and/or enlargement of the parotid gland or, less commonly, other salivary or lacrimal gland. ... While usually a component of Sjorgen syndrome, these histological finding can also occur in patients without evidence of this syndrome.
It began to take appearance in France, with the writings of Rudolph August Vogel (1772) and Francois Boissier de Sauvage (1759). [28] According to Michael Phelan, Padraig Wright, and Julian Stern (2000), [29] paranoia and paraphrenia are debated entities that were detached from dementia praecox by Kraepelin, who explained paranoia as a continuous systematized delusion arising much later in life with no presence of either hallucinations or a deteriorating course, paraphrenia as an identical syndrome to paranoia but with hallucinations. ... McKenna, P.J. (1997). Schizophrenia and Related Syndromes . Great Britain: Psychology Press. p. 238 . ... External links [ edit ] The dictionary definition of paranoia at Wiktionary Media related to Paranoia at Wikimedia Commons Quotations related to Paranoia at Wikiquote Classification D ICD - 10 : F20.0 , F22.0 , F22.8 , F60.0 ICD - 9-CM : 295.3 , 297.1 , 297.2 MeSH : D010259 v t e Mental and behavioral disorders Adult personality and behavior Gender dysphoria Ego-dystonic sexual orientation Paraphilia Fetishism Voyeurism Sexual maturation disorder Sexual relationship disorder Other Factitious disorder Munchausen syndrome Intermittent explosive disorder Dermatillomania Kleptomania Pyromania Trichotillomania Personality disorder Childhood and learning Emotional and behavioral ADHD Conduct disorder ODD Emotional and behavioral disorders Separation anxiety disorder Movement disorders Stereotypic Social functioning DAD RAD Selective mutism Speech Stuttering Cluttering Tic disorder Tourette syndrome Intellectual disability X-linked intellectual disability Lujan–Fryns syndrome Psychological development ( developmental disabilities ) Pervasive Specific Mood (affective) Bipolar Bipolar I Bipolar II Bipolar NOS Cyclothymia Depression Atypical depression Dysthymia Major depressive disorder Melancholic depression Seasonal affective disorder Mania Neurological and symptomatic Autism spectrum Autism Asperger syndrome High-functioning autism PDD-NOS Savant syndrome Dementia AIDS dementia complex Alzheimer's disease Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease Frontotemporal dementia Huntington's disease Mild cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease Pick's disease Sundowning Vascular dementia Wandering Other Delirium Organic brain syndrome Post-concussion syndrome Neurotic , stress -related and somatoform Adjustment Adjustment disorder with depressed mood Anxiety Phobia Agoraphobia Social anxiety Social phobia Anthropophobia Specific social phobia Specific phobia Claustrophobia Other Generalized anxiety disorder OCD Panic attack Panic disorder Stress Acute stress reaction PTSD Dissociative Depersonalization disorder Dissociative identity disorder Fugue state Psychogenic amnesia Somatic symptom Body dysmorphic disorder Conversion disorder Ganser syndrome Globus pharyngis Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures False pregnancy Hypochondriasis Mass psychogenic illness Nosophobia Psychogenic pain Somatization disorder Physiological and physical behavior Eating Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Rumination syndrome Other specified feeding or eating disorder Nonorganic sleep Hypersomnia Insomnia Parasomnia Night terror Nightmare REM sleep behavior disorder Postnatal Postpartum depression Postpartum psychosis Sexual dysfunction Arousal Erectile dysfunction Female sexual arousal disorder Desire Hypersexuality Hypoactive sexual desire disorder Orgasm Anorgasmia Delayed ejaculation Premature ejaculation Sexual anhedonia Pain Nonorganic dyspareunia Nonorganic vaginismus Psychoactive substances, substance abuse and substance-related Drug overdose Intoxication Physical dependence Rebound effect Stimulant psychosis Substance dependence Withdrawal Schizophrenia , schizotypal and delusional Delusional Delusional disorder Folie à deux Psychosis and schizophrenia-like Brief reactive psychosis Schizoaffective disorder Schizophreniform disorder Schizophrenia Childhood schizophrenia Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia Paranoid schizophrenia Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia Simple-type schizophrenia Other Catatonia Symptoms and uncategorized Impulse control disorder Klüver–Bucy syndrome Psychomotor agitation Stereotypy v t e Conspiracy theories List of conspiracy theories Core topics Antiscience Cabals Civil Criminal Deception Espionage Fiction Political Pseudoscience Secrecy Secret societies Urban legend Psychology Attitude polarization Cognitive dissonance Communal reinforcement Confirmation bias Locus of control Mass hysteria Paranoia Psychological projection Assassinations and avoidable accidents Geoffrey Chaucer (1400) Princes in the Tower (1483) Kaspar Hauser (1833) Abraham Lincoln (1865) Ludwig II of Bavaria (1886) Franz Ferdinand (1914) Lord Kitchener (1916) Michael Collins (1922) Sergey Kirov (1934) Władysław Sikorski (1943) Subhas Chandra Bose (1945) Dag Hammarskjöld (1961) Patrice Lumumba (1961) Marilyn Monroe (1962) John F. ... Kennedy (1968) Juscelino Kubitschek (1976) Pope John Paul I (1978) Airey Neave (1979) Francisco de Sá Carneiro and Adelino Amaro da Costa (1980) Olof Palme (1986) Zia-ul-Haq (1988) Vince Foster (1993) Yitzhak Rabin (1995) Diana, Princess of Wales (1997) Nepalese royal family (2001) Jeffrey Epstein (2019) Chan Yin-lam (2019) False flag attacks USS Maine (1898) RMS Lusitania (1915) Reichstag fire (1933) Pearl Harbor (1941) USS Liberty (1967) Widerøe Flight 933 (1982) KAL Flight 007 (1983) Mozambican presidential jet (1986) Pan Am Flight 103 (1988) Oklahoma City bombing (1995) 9/11 attacks (2001) Advance knowledge WTC collapse Madrid train bombing (2004) London bombings (2005) Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (2014) Various deaths and disappearances RMS Titanic (1912) Phar Lap (1932) Gas chambers for Poles in Warsaw (1940s) Mass murder of German POWs after World War II (1940s) Adolf Hitler's death (1945) Yemenite Children (1948–54) Cairo Fire (1952) Dyatlov Pass incident (1959) Lost Cosmonauts (1950s / 1960s) Elvis Presley's death (1977) Jonestown (1978) Satanic ritual abuse MS Estonia (1994) Kurt Cobain (1994) Hello Garci scandal Osama bin Laden (2011) Lahad Datu, Malaysia standoff (2013) Zamboanga City crisis (2013) Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 (2014) New World Order Black helicopters Cultural Marxists theories Denver International Airport Eurabia Georgia Guidestones Illuminati Judeo-Masonic plot Jews The Protocols of the Elders of Zion Kalergi Plan Freemasons North American Union Catholics Jesuits Vatican ODESSA Rothschild family Skull and Bones The Fellowship Zionist Occupation Government By region Conspiracy theories in the Arab world Israeli animal theories Conspiracy theories in Turkey UFOs Alien abduction Area 51 Bermuda Triangle Black Knight satellite Cryptoterrestrial hypothesis Extraterrestrial hypothesis Interdimensional hypothesis Dulce Base Estimate of the Situation (1948) Majestic 12 Men in black Nazi UFOs Project Serpo Reptilian humanoids Incidents Tunguska (1908) Foo Fighters (1940s) Los Angeles (1942) Ghost Rockets (1946) Maury Island (1947) Roswell (1947) Gorman Dogfight (1948) Mantell (1948) McMinnville (1950) Lubbock (1951) Washington, D.C. (1952) Barney and Betty Hill Abduction (1961) Kecksburg (1965) Westall (1966) Jimmy Carter (1969) Frederick Valentich (1978) Rendlesham Forest (1980) Cash-Landrum (1980) Japan Air Lines (1986) Varginha (1996) Phoenix Lights (1997) USS Nimitz (2004) Chicago (2006) United States government 1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning Apollo Moon landings Barack Obama's citizenship / religion / parentage Belgrade Chinese embassy bombing (1999) Black genocide Business Plot Clinton Body Count CIA-Kennedy assassination link Allegations of CIA assistance to Osama bin Laden Dulles' Plan FEMA concentration camps HAARP Jade Helm 15 (2015) Montauk Project October Surprise (1980) Pizzagate (2016) Philadelphia Experiment (1943) Project Azorian (1974) QAnon Sandy Hook shooting (2012) Seth Rich (2016) Sovereign citizen / Redemption movement Stop the Steal (2020) Spygate (2016,18) Vast right-wing conspiracy Vietnam War POW / MIA issue TWA Flight 800 (1996) Health Big Pharma conspiracy theory HIV/AIDS denialism Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories OPV AIDS hypothesis SARS (2003) COVID-19 pandemic Anti-vaccination Vaccines and autism MMR vaccine and autism Chemtrail conspiracy theory Water fluoridation controversy GMO conspiracy theories Wind turbine syndrome Electronic harassment Energy, environment Free energy suppression conspiracy theory Global warming conspiracy theory Other 2012 phenomenon Agenda 21 (1992) Andinia Plan Black genocide Cancellation of the Avro Arrow (1959) Bible Clockwork Orange (1970s) Conspiracy Encyclopedia "Death" of Paul McCartney (1969) Judeo-Bolshevism Judeopolonia Homintern Homosexual recruitment Kalergi Plan Knights Templar Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet (1987) Love Jihad Mexican Reconquista New Coke (1985) Phantom time / New Chronology Red mercury Soft coup George Soros War against Islam White genocide See also Denial of mass killings (list) Genocide denial Authority control NDL : 00569045 NKC : ph198728