Also it has been reported to be mass lesions and metabolic syndromes. Peroneal nerve is most commonly interrupted at the knee and possibly at the joint of hip and ankle.
Rat-bite fever (RBF) is a systemic bacterial zoonosis occurring in individuals that have been bitten or scratched by Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minus -infected rats and characterized by high fever, a rash on the extremities, and arthralgia. Epidemiology The exact incidence is unknown. Clinical description The clinical manifestations include high fever followed by headaches, chills, vomiting, a rash generally developing on the palms and soles, and symmetric polyarthritis of the joints that generally restricts movement. Etiology Most reported cases of rat-bite fever in the USA are caused by S. moniliformis (streptobacillary rat-bite fever), whereas in Asia the disease is mainly due to Spirillum minus (spirillary rat-bite fever; see these terms). Rat-bite fever is also contracted through contact with secretions of infected rats and less often through contact with other S. moniliformis and S. minus hosts, such as gerbils, mice and squirrels. In rare cases, the disease is transmitted through animal hosts such as dogs, cats and ferrets.
Retrieved 30 October 2018 . v t e HIV / AIDS topics HIV/AIDS HIV HIV Lentivirus structure and genome subtypes CDC classification disease progression rates HIV/AIDS diagnosis management pathophysiology prevention research vaccination PrEP WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease Children Teens / Adults Countries by AIDS prevalence rate Conditions Signs and symptoms AIDS-defining clinical condition Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome Lipodystrophy Nephropathy Neurocognitive disorders Pruritus Superinfection Tuberculosis co-infection HIV Drug Resistance Database Innate resistance to HIV Serostatus HIV-positive people Nutrition Pregnancy History History Epidemiology Multiple sex partners Timeline AIDS Museum Timothy Ray Brown Women and HIV/AIDS Social AIDS orphan Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS Circumcision and HIV Criminal transmission Discrimination against people Economic impact Cost of treatment HIV-affected community HIV/AIDS activism HIV/AIDS denialism Red ribbon Safe sex Sex education List of HIV-positive people People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement HIV/AIDS in the porn industry Culture Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories International AIDS Conference International AIDS Society Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) The SING Campaign Solidays Treatment Action Campaign World AIDS Day YAA/Youthforce "Free Me" Larry Kramer Gay Men's Health Crisis ACT UP Silence=Death Project HIV/AIDS pandemic by region / country Africa Angola Benin Botswana Democratic Republic of the Congo Egypt Eswatini Ethiopia Ghana Guinea Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Tanzania South Africa Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe North America Canada Mexico El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua United States New York City Caribbean Haiti Jamaica Dominican Republic South America Bolivia Brazil Colombia Guyana Peru Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China (PRC) ( Yunnan ) East Timor India Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Jordan North Korea Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Burma) Nepal Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Taiwan (ROC) Thailand United Arab Emirates Turkey Vietnam Europe United Kingdom Russia Ukraine Oceania Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
The study also found both sets of patients to share similar age at onset, male to female ratios, and similar affected side. [26] Another study with 2050 patients presented with hemifacial spasm between 1986 and 2009, only 9 cases were caused by a cerebellopontine angle syndrome , an incidence of 0.44%. [12] History [ edit ] The earliest descriptions about hemifacial spasm is by Shultze in 1875 and Gowers in 1899.
Overview Hemifacial spasm is a nervous system condition in which the muscles on one side of the face twitch. The cause of hemifacial spasm is most often a blood vessel touching or pulsing against a facial nerve. A facial nerve injury or a tumor also can cause it. Sometimes there is no known cause. Symptoms Common symptoms of hemifacial spasm include jerking of muscles in the face that are most often: On one side of the face. Not controllable. Painless. These muscle movements, also called contractions, often start in the eyelid.
Uric acid stones can form in people who lose too much fluid because of chronic diarrhea or malabsorption, those who eat a high-protein diet, and those with diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Certain genetic factors also may increase your risk of uric acid stones.
For example, those with cystinuria , cystinosis , and Fanconi syndrome may form stones composed of cystine . ... Calcium oxalate stones in children are associated with high amounts of calcium, oxalate, and magnesium in acidic urine. [114] Research [ edit ] Metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases of obesity and diabetes as general risk factors for kidney stone disease are under research to determine if urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate and urate are higher than in people with normal weight or underweight, and if diet and physical activity have roles. [115] [116] Dietary, fluid intake, and lifestyle factors remain major topics for research on prevention of kidney stones, as of 2017. [117] In animals [ edit ] Among ruminants , uroliths more commonly cause problems in males than in females; the sigmoid flexure of the ruminant male urinary tract is more likely to obstruct passage.
Examples of medical problems that can be linked to anxiety include: Heart disease Diabetes Thyroid problems, such as hyperthyroidism Respiratory disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma Drug misuse or withdrawal Withdrawal from alcohol, anti-anxiety medications (benzodiazepines) or other medications Chronic pain or irritable bowel syndrome Rare tumors that produce certain fight-or-flight hormones Sometimes anxiety can be a side effect of certain medications.
Glycogen storage disease type 6 (GSD6) is a genetic disease in which the liver cannot process sugar properly. The liver is responsible for breaking down a substance called glycogen . Glycogen is the stored form of sugar that is made by breaking down carbohydrates . When the liver cannot break down glycogen properly it causes a buildup that is damaging to the body. Symptoms of the disease usually begin in infancy or childhood and include low blood sugar ( hypoglycemia ), an enlarged liver ( hepatomegaly ), and an increase in the amount of lactic acid in the blood ( lactic acidosis ).
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because glycogen storage disease VI (GSD6) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PYGL gene (613741), which encodes liver glycogen phosphorylase, on chromosome 14. Clinical Features The clinical picture in glycogen storage disease VI is one of mild to moderate hypoglycemia, mild ketosis, growth retardation, and prominent hepatomegaly. Heart and skeletal muscle are not affected. The prognosis seems to be excellent (Hers, 1959; Hers and van Hoof, 1968). Wallis et al. (1966) determined erythrocyte glycogen concentration and leukocyte phosphorylase activity in 17 members of 4 generations of the family of a boy with biopsy-proved glycogen storage disease type VI. Chang et al. (1998) studied a Mennonite family in which the diagnosis of glycogen storage disease type VI had first been made in a 22-month-old girl in 1962.
Liver phosphorylase deficiency, or glycogen storage disease type 6b (Hers' disease, GSD 6b) is a benign and rare form of glycogen storage disease. Clinical description The disease usually occurs in childhood and is characterized by hepatomegaly and growth delay. Hypoglycemic episodes are mild or absent, and hypertransaminasemia and hyperlipidemia are moderate and unconstant. Hepatomegaly usually improves with age and disappears entirely at puberty. Etiology Transmission is autosomal recessive and mutations in the PYGL gene (14q21-q22) have been identified in patients.
Glycogen storage disease type VI (also known as GSDVI or Hers disease) is an inherited disorder caused by an inability to break down a complex sugar called glycogen in liver cells. A lack of glycogen breakdown interferes with the normal function of the liver . The signs and symptoms of GSDVI typically begin in infancy to early childhood. The first sign is usually an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly). During prolonged periods without food (fasting), affected individuals may have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or elevated levels of ketones in the blood (ketosis). Ketones are molecules produced during the breakdown of fats, which occurs when stored sugars are unavailable.
Glycogen storage disease type VI Other names Glycogen storage disease due to liver glycogen phosphorylase deficiency [1] Glycogen Specialty Endocrinology Glycogen storage disease type VI ( GSD VI ) is a type of glycogen storage disease caused by a deficiency in liver glycogen phosphorylase or other components of the associated phosphorylase cascade system. [2] It is also known as "Hers' disease", after Henri G. Hers , who characterized it in 1959. [3] The scope of GSD VI now also includes glycogen storage disease type VIII, [2] IX [2] (caused by phosphorylase b kinase deficiency) and X [2] (deficiency protein kinase A ). The incidence of GSD VI is approximately 1 case per 65,000–85,000 births, [2] representing approximately 30% all cases of glycogen storage disease . Contents 1 Signs/symptoms 2 Diagnosis 3 Treatment 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links Signs/symptoms [ edit ] Patients generally have a benign course, and typically present with hepatomegaly and growth retardation early in childhood. Mild hypoglycemia , hyperlipidemia , and hyperketosis may occur. Lactic acid and uric acid levels may be normal.
Langevin et al. (2011) concluded that acetaldehyde-mediated DNA damage may critically contribute to the genesis of fetal alcohol syndrome in fetuses, as well to normal development, hematopoietic failure, and cancer predisposition in Fanconi anemia (see 227650) patients.
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Other Features Among 512 Korean patients with ischemic stroke, Bang et al. (2005) found a significant association between intracranial atherosclerotic stroke (143 patients) and components of the metabolic syndrome (AOMS1; 605552), compared to those with extracranial atherosclerotic stroke (77 patients) and those with nonatherosclerotic stroke (292 patients).
Genetic Heterogeneity of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Other forms of primary open angle glaucoma include GLC1A (137750), caused by mutation in the MYOC gene (601652) on chromosome 1q24.3-q25.2; GLC1B (606689) on chromosome 2cen-q13; GLC1C (601682) on chromosome 3q21-q24; GLC1D (602429) on chromosome 8q23; GLC1F (603383), caused by mutation in the ASB10 gene on chromosome 7q36; GLC1G (609887), caused by mutation in the WDR36 gene (609669) on chromosome 5q22; GLC1H (611276) on chromosome 2p16-p15; GLC1I (609745) on chromosome 15q11-q13; GLC1J (608695) on chromosome 9q22; GLC1K (608696) on chromosome 20p12; GLC1L (see 137750) on chromosome 3p22-p21; GLC1M (610535) on chromosome 5q22; GLC1N (611274) on chromosome 15q22-q24; GLC1O (613100), caused by mutation in the NTF4 gene (162662) on chromosome 19q13.3; GLC1P (177700), caused by an approximately 300-kb duplication on chromosome 12q24, most likely involving the TBK1 gene (604834). Nail-patella syndrome (NPS; 161200), which is caused by mutation in the LMX1B gene (602575) on chromosome 9q34, has open angle glaucoma as a pleiotropic feature.
"Identification of Embolic Stroke Patterns by Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Clinically Defined Lacunar Stroke Syndromes" . Stroke . 36 (4): 757–761. doi : 10.1161/01.STR.0000158908.48022.d7 .
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Not to be confused with Asperger syndrome or Alzheimer's disease . Aspergillosis Pulmonary invasive aspergillosis in a person with interstitial pneumonia (autopsy material), using Grocott's methenamine silver stain Pronunciation / ˌ æ s p ər dʒ ɪ l ˈ oʊ s ɪ s / Specialty Infectious disease Frequency 14 million Aspergillosis is the name given to a wide variety of diseases caused by fungal infections from species of Aspergillus .
Overview Aspergillosis is an infection caused by a type of mold (fungus). The illnesses resulting from aspergillosis infection usually affect the respiratory system, but their signs and severity vary greatly. The mold that triggers the illnesses, aspergillus, is everywhere — indoors and outdoors. Most strains of this mold are harmless, but a few can cause serious illnesses when people with weakened immune systems, underlying lung disease or asthma inhale their fungal spores. In some people, the spores trigger an allergic reaction. Other people develop mild to serious lung infections.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is influenced by variation in the C-type lectins CLEC7A (606264) and CLEC1A (606782) on chromosome 12p13. Description Aspergillus species are ubiquitous in nature and cause a wide spectrum of diseases, including saprophytic colonization of existing cavities (aspergilloma), allergic asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and disseminated disease associated with high mortality rates in patients with hematologic malignancies and recipients of solid organs and stem cell transplantations. Immunocompetent and nonatopic individuals are relatively resistant to infection, and disease occurs in the setting of host damage. Association of persistent inflammation with intractable infection is common in nonneutropenic patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as well as in allergic fungal diseases. The pathophysiology underlying Aspergillus infection highlights the bipolar nature of the inflammatory process in infection, in which early inflammation prevents or limits infection, but an uncontrolled response may oppose disease eradication (summary by Cunha et al., 2010).
Aspergillosis is an infection, growth, or allergic response caused by the Aspergillus fungus. There are several different kinds of aspergillosis. One kind is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (also called ABPA), a condition where the fungus causes allergic respiratory symptoms similar to asthma, such as wheezing and coughing, but does not actually invade and destroy tissue. Another kind of aspergillosis is invasive aspergillosis. This infection usually affects people with weakened immune systems due to cancer, AIDS, leukemia, organ transplantation, chemotherapy, or other conditions or events that reduce the number of normal white blood cells. In this condition, the fungus invades and damages tissues in the body. Invasive aspergillosis most commonly affects the lungs, but can also cause infection in many other organs and can spread throughout the body (commonly affecting the kidneys and brain).
A rare infectious disease caused by inhalation of the opportunistic fungus aspergillus that can lead to the following manifestations: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), aspergilloma, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA), and invasive aspergillosis (IA). Aspergilloma occurs in patients with cavitary lung disease and results in a fungal mass with variable clinical presentations from asymptomatic to life-threatening (massive hemoptysis). CNPA manifests as subacute pneumonia in patients with underlying disease. IA is disseminated aspergillosis that eventually invades other organs. Cutaneous aspergillosis is usually the dermatological manifestation of IA that manifests as erythematous-to-violaceous plaques or papules, often characterized by a central necrotic ulcer or eschar.
"Posterior cortex epilepsy secondary to ulegyria: Is it a surgically remediable syndrome?" . Epilepsia . 49 (12): 1998–2007. doi : 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01697.x .
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Schwartz Susan Swedo Emily Colas Vic Meyer Popular culture Literature/Comics Fictional Matchstick Men Plyushkin Xenocide Nonfiction Everything in Its Place Just Checking Media As Good as It Gets The Aviator Matchstick Men Adrian Monk " $pringfield " Straight Up Related Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder Obsessional jealousy PANDAS Primarily Obsessional OCD Relationship obsessive–compulsive disorder Social anxiety disorder Tourette syndrome