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2009 Swine Flu Pandemic
Wikipedia
First described in April 2009, the virus appeared to be a new strain of H1N1 that resulted from a previous triple reassortment of bird, swine, and human flu viruses and that further combined with a Eurasian pig flu virus, [12] leading to the term " swine flu ". [13] Some studies estimated that the actual number of cases including asymptomatic and mild cases could be 700 million to 1.4 billion people—or 11 to 21 percent of the global population of 6.8 billion at the time. [9] The lower value of 700 million is more than the 500 million people estimated to have been infected by the Spanish flu pandemic. [14] However, the Spanish flu infected a much higher proportion of the world population at the time, with the Spanish flu infecting an estimated 500 million people, which was roughly equivalent to a third of the world population at the time of the pandemic. [15] The number of lab-confirmed deaths reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) is 18,449, [10] though the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic is estimated to have actually caused about 284,000 (range from 150,000 to 575,000) deaths. [16] A follow-up study done in September 2010 showed that the risk of serious illness resulting from the 2009 H1N1 flu was no higher than that of the yearly seasonal flu . [17] For comparison, the WHO estimates that 250,000 to 500,000 people die of seasonal flu annually. [18] Unlike most strains of influenza, the Pandemic H1N1/09 virus does not disproportionately infect adults older than 60 years; this was an unusual and characteristic feature of the H1N1 pandemic . [19] Even in the case of previously healthy people, a small percentage develop pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This manifests itself as increased breathing difficulty and typically occurs three to six days after initial onset of flu symptoms. [20] [21] The pneumonia caused by flu can be either direct viral pneumonia or a secondary bacterial pneumonia . ... National Pork Board , the American Meat Institute , and the Canadian Pork Council objected to widespread media use of the name "swine flu" and suggested it should be called "North American flu" instead, while the World Health Organization switched its designation from "swine influenza" to "influenza A (H1N1)" in late April 2009. [147] [148] The virus has been found in U.S. hogs, [149] and Canadian [150] as well as in hogs in Northern Ireland, Argentina, and Norway. [151] Leading health agencies and the United States Secretary of Agriculture have stressed that eating properly cooked pork or other food products derived from pigs will not cause flu. [152] [153] Nevertheless, on 27 April Azerbaijan imposed a ban on the importation of animal husbandry products from the entire Americas . [154] The Indonesian government also halted the importation of pigs and initiated the examination of 9 million pigs in Indonesia. [155] The Egyptian government ordered the slaughter of all pigs in Egypt on 29 April. [156] Treatment [ edit ] Further information: Influenza treatment A number of methods have been recommended to help ease symptoms, including adequate liquid intake and rest. [157] Over-the-counter pain medications such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen do not kill the virus; however, they may be useful to reduce symptoms. [158] Aspirin and other salicylate products should not be used by people under 16 with any flu-type symptoms because of the risk of developing Reye's Syndrome . [159] If the fever is mild and there are no other complications, fever medication is not recommended. [158] Most people recover without medical attention, although ones with pre-existing or underlying medical conditions are more prone to complications and may benefit from further treatments. [160] People in at-risk groups should be treated with antivirals (oseltamivir or zanamivir) as soon as possible when they first experience flu symptoms.
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Lead Poisoning
Wikipedia
According to the report, one in three children, up to 800 million globally, have blood lead levels at, or above, 5 micrograms per decilitre (µg/dL), the amount at which action is required. [46] [47] By organ system [ edit ] Lead affects every one of the body's organ systems, especially the nervous system, but also the bones and teeth, the kidneys, and the cardiovascular , immune , and reproductive systems . [48] Hearing loss and tooth decay have been linked to lead exposure, [49] as have cataracts . [50] Intrauterine and neonatal lead exposure promote tooth decay. [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] Aside from the developmental effects unique to young children, the health effects experienced by adults are similar to those in children, although the thresholds are generally higher. [58] Kidneys [ edit ] Kidney damage occurs with exposure to high levels of lead, and evidence suggests that lower levels can damage kidneys as well. [59] The toxic effect of lead causes nephropathy and may cause Fanconi syndrome , in which the proximal tubular function of the kidney is impaired. [60] Long-term exposure at levels lower than those that cause lead nephropathy have also been reported as nephrotoxic in patients from developed countries that had chronic kidney disease or were at risk because of hypertension or diabetes mellitus . [61] Lead poisoning inhibits excretion of the waste product urate and causes a predisposition for gout , in which urate builds up. [62] [63] [64] This condition is known as saturnine gout . ... This form of measurement may serve as a useful way to see the extent of oral lead exposure from all the diet and environmental sources of lead. [180] Lead poisoning shares symptoms with other conditions and may be easily missed. [35] Conditions that present similarly and must be ruled out in diagnosing lead poisoning include carpal tunnel syndrome , Guillain–Barré syndrome , renal colic , appendicitis , encephalitis in adults, and viral gastroenteritis in children. [172] Other differential diagnoses in children include constipation , abdominal colic, iron deficiency, subdural hematoma , neoplasms of the central nervous system, emotional and behavior disorders, and intellectual disability . [25] Reference levels [ edit ] The current reference range for acceptable blood lead concentrations in healthy persons without excessive exposure to environmental sources of lead is less than 5 µg/dL for children. [8] It was less than 25 µg/dL for adults. [181] Previous to 2012 the value for children was 10 (µg/dl). [182] Lead-exposed workers in the U.S. are required to be removed from work when their level is greater than 50 µg/dL if they do construction and otherwise greater than 60 µg/dL. [183] In 2015, US HHS/CDC/NIOSH designated 5 µg/dL (five micrograms per deciliter) of whole blood, in a venous blood sample, as the reference blood lead level for adults.
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Scabies
Wikipedia
If the person is infected with scabies, the characteristic zigzag or S pattern of the burrow will appear across the skin; however, interpreting this test may be difficult, as the burrows are scarce and may be obscured by scratch marks. [11] A definitive diagnosis is made by finding either the scabies mites or their eggs and fecal pellets. [11] Searches for these signs involve either scraping a suspected area, mounting the sample in potassium hydroxide and examining it under a microscope, or using dermoscopy to examine the skin directly. [16] Differential diagnosis [ edit ] Symptoms of early scabies infestation mirror other skin diseases, including dermatitis , syphilis , erythema multiforme , various urticaria -related syndromes, allergic reactions, ringworm-related diseases, and other ectoparasites such as lice and fleas . [30] Prevention [ edit ] Mass-treatment programs that use topical permethrin or oral ivermectin have been effective in reducing the prevalence of scabies in a number of populations. [11] No vaccine is available for scabies. ... American Academy of Dermatology pamphlet on Scabies Scabies FAQ from the National Pediculosis Association Classification D ICD - 10 : B86 ICD - 9-CM : 133.0 MeSH : D012532 DiseasesDB : 11841 External resources MedlinePlus : 000830 eMedicine : derm/382 emerg/517 ped/2047 Patient UK : Scabies v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis Squamous-cell carcinoma Basal-cell carcinoma Merkel-cell carcinoma Nevus sebaceous Trichoepithelioma Pigmented Freckles Lentigo Melasma Nevus Melanoma Dermal and subcutaneous Epidermal inclusion cyst Hemangioma Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma) Keloid Lipoma Neurofibroma Xanthoma Kaposi's sarcoma Infantile digital fibromatosis Granular cell tumor Leiomyoma Lymphangioma circumscriptum Myxoid cyst Rashes With epidermal involvement Eczematous Contact dermatitis Atopic dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis Stasis dermatitis Lichen simplex chronicus Darier's disease Glucagonoma syndrome Langerhans cell histiocytosis Lichen sclerosus Pemphigus foliaceus Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome Zinc deficiency Scaling Psoriasis Tinea ( Corporis Cruris Pedis Manuum Faciei ) Pityriasis rosea Secondary syphilis Mycosis fungoides Systemic lupus erythematosus Pityriasis rubra pilaris Parapsoriasis Ichthyosis Blistering Herpes simplex Herpes zoster Varicella Bullous impetigo Acute contact dermatitis Pemphigus vulgaris Bullous pemphigoid Dermatitis herpetiformis Porphyria cutanea tarda Epidermolysis bullosa simplex Papular Scabies Insect bite reactions Lichen planus Miliaria Keratosis pilaris Lichen spinulosus Transient acantholytic dermatosis Lichen nitidus Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta Pustular Acne vulgaris Acne rosacea Folliculitis Impetigo Candidiasis Gonococcemia Dermatophyte Coccidioidomycosis Subcorneal pustular dermatosis Hypopigmented Tinea versicolor Vitiligo Pityriasis alba Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation Tuberous sclerosis Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis Leprosy Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides Without epidermal involvement Red Blanchable Erythema Generalized Drug eruptions Viral exanthems Toxic erythema Systemic lupus erythematosus Localized Cellulitis Abscess Boil Erythema nodosum Carcinoid syndrome Fixed drug eruption Specialized Urticaria Erythema ( Multiforme Migrans Gyratum repens Annulare centrifugum Ab igne ) Nonblanchable Purpura Macular Thrombocytopenic purpura Actinic/solar purpura Papular Disseminated intravascular coagulation Vasculitis Indurated Scleroderma / morphea Granuloma annulare Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus Necrobiosis lipoidica Miscellaneous disorders Ulcers Hair Telogen effluvium Androgenic alopecia Alopecia areata Systemic lupus erythematosus Tinea capitis Loose anagen syndrome Lichen planopilaris Folliculitis decalvans Acne keloidalis nuchae Nail Onychomycosis Psoriasis Paronychia Ingrown nail Mucous membrane Aphthous stomatitis Oral candidiasis Lichen planus Leukoplakia Pemphigus vulgaris Mucous membrane pemphigoid Cicatricial pemphigoid Herpesvirus Coxsackievirus Syphilis Systemic histoplasmosis Squamous-cell carcinoma v t e Arthropods and ectoparasite -borne diseases and infestations Insecta Louse Body louse ( pediculosis corporis ) / Head louse ( head lice infestation ) Crab louse ( phthiriasis ) Hemiptera Bed bug ( cimicosis ) Fly Dermatobia hominis / Cordylobia anthropophaga / Cochliomyia hominivorax ( myiasis ) Mosquito ( mosquito-borne disease ) Flea Tunga penetrans ( tungiasis ) Crustacea Pentastomida Linguatula serrata ( linguatulosis ) Porocephalus crotali / Armillifer armillatus ( porocephaliasis ) For ticks and mites, see Template:Tick and mite-borne diseases and infestations v t e Sexually transmitted infections (STI) Bacterial Chancroid ( Haemophilus ducreyi ) Chlamydia , lymphogranuloma venereum ( Chlamydia trachomatis ) Donovanosis ( Klebsiella granulomatis ) Gonorrhea ( Neisseria gonorrhoeae ) Mycoplasma hominis infection ( Mycoplasma hominis ) Syphilis ( Treponema pallidum ) Ureaplasma infection ( Ureaplasma urealyticum ) Protozoal Trichomoniasis ( Trichomonas vaginalis ) Parasitic Crab louse Scabies Viral AIDS ( HIV-1/HIV-2 ) Cancer cervical vulvar penile anal Human papillomavirus (HPV) Genital warts ( condyloma ) Hepatitis B ( Hepatitis B virus ) Herpes simplex HSV-1 & HSV-2 Molluscum contagiosum ( MCV ) General inflammation female Cervicitis Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) male Epididymitis Prostatitis either Proctitis Urethritis / Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)
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Sexually Transmitted Infection
Wikipedia
It can also be spread by contact with infected blood, breast feeding, childbirth, and from mother to child during pregnancy. [69] When HIV is at its most advanced stage, an individual is said to have AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). [70] There are different stages of the progression of and HIV infection.SULT2A1, ZAP70, KLK3, IFNE, AGRP, PREP, PAEP, ARTN, PTPN22, CXCL8, IL1B, TLR4, EXTL3, ERVK-6, CCL27, TNFRSF1A, UBE2B, WAS, ARSH, MARCHF8, ANC, MESP2, ARID1A, EMB, ESPL1, SART3, SMC5, CPAT1, CADM1, NLRP3, MLST8, ERVW-1, LHPP, TLR9, CRLS1, SARS2, FBXW7, IMPACT, PLXNA3, DDX41, RRM2, TRIM21, DEFA5, HSPD1, HSPA4, HLA-A, GRB2, GPI, FCGRT, CUX1, SRY, CRP, CCR5, CD38, CAMP, CALR, B2M, IFNA1, IFNA13, IFNG, IL6, IL16, CXCL10, KIT, LRP1, MSMB, NDUFAB1, NHS, PNP, PKHD1, PMAIP1, RPS6KA3, APP, SARS1, ERVK-20
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Conjoined Twins
Wikipedia
South Park features Nurse Gollum with a fetus attached to the side of her head, in what the show refers to as "Conjoined fetus syndrome". The Simpsons features Hugo in " Treehouse of Horror VII ", who is Bart Simpson 's conjoined twin. ... Everett Koop National Library of Medicine: Selected Moments in the History of Conjoined Twins Conjoined Twins Fast Facts (also lists additional twins) Emedicine article (this article includes post-mortem images) Facts About Multiples: Conjoined Records and stats v t e Twin conditions Zygosity Twin Monochorionic twins Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome Twin reversed arterial perfusion Monoamniotic twins Conjoined twins Parasitic twin Craniopagus parasiticus Fetus in fetu Other Vanishing twin Chimerism Mixed twins Authority control BNF : cb12321700j (data) GND : 4221995-4 LCCN : sh85122193 NDL : 01167465
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Hiv/aids In Australia
Wikipedia
This article is about the history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Australia. For a history of the disease worldwide, see AIDS pandemic . ... Implementing the United Nations Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS in Australia's HIV Domestic Response: Turning Political Will into Action [ permanent dead link ] v t e HIV/AIDS in Oceania Sovereign states Australia Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Associated states of New Zealand Cook Islands Niue Dependencies and other territories American Samoa Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Easter Island French Polynesia Guam Hawaii New Caledonia Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Pitcairn Islands Tokelau Wallis and Futuna v t e HIV / AIDS topics HIV/AIDS HIV HIV Lentivirus structure and genome subtypes CDC classification disease progression rates HIV/AIDS diagnosis management pathophysiology prevention research vaccination PrEP WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease Children Teens / Adults Countries by AIDS prevalence rate Conditions Signs and symptoms AIDS-defining clinical condition Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome Lipodystrophy Nephropathy Neurocognitive disorders Pruritus Superinfection Tuberculosis co-infection HIV Drug Resistance Database Innate resistance to HIV Serostatus HIV-positive people Nutrition Pregnancy History History Epidemiology Multiple sex partners Timeline AIDS Museum Timothy Ray Brown Women and HIV/AIDS Social AIDS orphan Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS Circumcision and HIV Criminal transmission Discrimination against people Economic impact Cost of treatment HIV-affected community HIV/AIDS activism HIV/AIDS denialism Red ribbon Safe sex Sex education List of HIV-positive people People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement HIV/AIDS in the porn industry Culture Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories International AIDS Conference International AIDS Society Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) The SING Campaign Solidays Treatment Action Campaign World AIDS Day YAA/Youthforce "Free Me" Larry Kramer Gay Men's Health Crisis ACT UP Silence=Death Project HIV/AIDS pandemic by region / country Africa Angola Benin Botswana Democratic Republic of the Congo Egypt Eswatini Ethiopia Ghana Guinea Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Tanzania South Africa Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe North America Canada Mexico El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua United States New York City Caribbean Haiti Jamaica Dominican Republic South America Bolivia Brazil Colombia Guyana Peru Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China (PRC) ( Yunnan ) East Timor India Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Jordan North Korea Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Burma) Nepal Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Taiwan (ROC) Thailand United Arab Emirates Turkey Vietnam Europe United Kingdom Russia Ukraine Oceania Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Wikipedia
"Fluid Therapy For Pediatric Patients With Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Current Perspectives" . Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy . 12 : 2355–2361. doi : 10.2147/DMSO.S194944 .INS, SLC12A3, CLCNKB, INSR, SLC5A2, KCNJ11, ALB, ABCC8, MMP9, ENO2, MMP2, GFAP, MAP6, LEP, GLP1R, S100B, SLC30A8, SLC30A10, G0S2, PANK2, TICAM2, BTBD8, HNF1A, TIMP4, RBM45, TNNI3, TWIST2, SLC26A6, DIANPH, UGCG, WFS1, ZFP36, RNLS, SPAG9, TRAM1, TMED7, SH3BP4, ADM, SGSH, GCG, AQP2, BCHE, CDKN2A, CTLA4, AKR1C2, DPP4, DSPP, F5, FABP3, GAD2, GFER, PTPRN, GH1, GJA1, GCLC, HLA-DRB1, HNF4A, HSPA5, MAFD2, AGER, MMP8, PDCD1, TMED7-TICAM2
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Diabetic Nephropathy
Wikipedia
Protein loss in the urine due to damage to the glomeruli may become massive, and cause a low serum albumin with resulting generalized body swelling (edema) and result in the nephrotic syndrome . Likewise, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) may progressively fall from a normal of over 90 ml/min/1.73m 2 to less than 15, at which point the patient is said to have end-stage renal disease . [5] It usually is slowly progressive over years. [6] Pathophysiologic abnormalities in diabetic nephropathy begin with long-standing poorly controlled blood glucose levels. ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : E10.2, E11.2, E12.2, E13.2, E14.2 ICD - 9-CM : 250.4 MeSH : D003928 External resources MedlinePlus : 000494 Scholia has a topic profile for Diabetic nephropathy . v t e Disease of the kidney glomerules Primarily nephrotic Non-proliferative Minimal change Focal segmental Membranous Proliferative Mesangial proliferative Endocapillary proliferative Membranoproliferative/mesangiocapillary By condition Diabetic Amyloidosis Primarily nephritic , RPG Type I RPG / Type II hypersensitivity Goodpasture syndrome Type II RPG / Type III hypersensitivity Post-streptococcal Lupus diffuse proliferative IgA Type III RPG / Pauci-immune Granulomatosis with polyangiitis Microscopic polyangiitis Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis General glomerulonephritis glomerulonephrosis v t e Diabetes Types Type 1 Type 2 LADA Gestational diabetes Diabetes and pregnancy Prediabetes Impaired fasting glucose Impaired glucose tolerance Insulin resistance KPD MODY Neonatal Transient Permanent Type 3c (pancreatogenic) Type 3 Blood tests Blood sugar level Glycosylated hemoglobin Glucose tolerance test Postprandial glucose test Fructosamine Glucose test C-peptide Noninvasive glucose monitor Insulin tolerance test Management Diabetic diet Anti-diabetic drugs Insulin therapy intensive conventional pulsatile Cure Embryonic stem cells Artificial pancreas Other Gastric bypass surgery Complications Diabetic comas Hypoglycemia Ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state Diabetic foot ulcer Neuropathic arthropathy Organs in diabetes Blood vessels Muscle Kidney Nerves Retina Heart Diabetic skin disease Diabetic dermopathy Diabetic bulla Diabetic cheiroarthropathy Neuropathic ulcer Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Other Glossary of diabetes History of diabetes Notable people with type 1 diabetes Authority control NDL : 00925686ACE, TGFB1, NFE2L2, FN1, PPARG, NOS3, SERPINE1, CCL2, ALB, TGFBI, MFN2, VEGFA, ADIPOQ, CNDP1, ELMO1, ACE2, AGT, TXNIP, INS, SOD2, PON1, RELA, GAS6, CNDP2, AOC3, HNF1A, COL4A1, TGFBR2, LEPR, MDK, KLK1, KDR, CDKN1A, REN, VDAC1, MMP9, IL6, AXL, SLC2A1, MIR145, VDAC2, MYCN, ALPK1, IL1B, DGKH, TNFAIP1, AGTR1, HAVCR1, AGER, NOX4, TNF, ICAM1, TRPC6, TINAG, PTPN11, KL, HIF1A, PRKCE, CCN2, CST3, PTEN, LCN2, BMP7, MTOR, PTGS2, IGF1, MMP2, PRKCB, SERPINF1, STAT3, CAT, HMOX1, GSK3B, JAK2, TRPC1, TP53, AGTR2, CASP3, SREBF1, SPP1, PRMT1, HNF4A, IGF2, CD36, SPARC, UTS2, TIMP2, ERRFI1, CYP19A1, CLU, VCAM1, HSPA5, CUBN, BECN1, GHR, NPPA, G6PD, C3, HDAC4, SELP, NQO1, CCL20, ATP5F1B, LAMB2, ESR1, KEAP1, DKK1, FGF23, CREB1, UTS2R, IGF1R, CASP9, TRIP10, C5, HSPB1, HTR2A, PROS1, NOS1, EP300, GRK2, TGIF1, AZIN1, PAX2, TF, GRK6, GRK4, GRK3, CASP12, ACVR1, HDAC2, FAS, GSR, PLAU, SMAD6, HAS2, ADORA1, EDNRA, MLLT3, HDAC5, VTN, CASP8, CD38, XDH, NDUFS3, CDKN1B, CAPN10, BDNF, CCNE1, NTRK2, CFL1, CASP7, EPAS1, COL1A1, MYH9, APOL1, JAK1, SFI1, LIMK2, PPARGC1A, FOXO1, IL10, ITPR1, IL18, LARGE1, DPP4, SIRT1, VDR, SASH1, GABPA, GLP1R, DIANPH, FGF21, RAPGEF5, GUCY1A1, MMRN1, SORBS1, GPR158, PIK3CB, KCNH7, NR3C2, PIK3CG, IGAN1, MIR21, APOE, MIR192, MTHFR, AKR1B1, PDE3A, CHN2, AKT1, NAV3, CTNNB1, PIK3CA, DRG1, PIK3CD, SLC30A8, DECR1, MBL2, TBC1D31, ENOX1, NLRP3, TLR4, ST3GAL4, RNF185, ACTB, SLC5A2, HPSE, MOK, SLC12A3, NPHS2, CCR5, ENPP1, GCG, CCR2, UMOD, CYBA, EGF, EGR1, MAPK1, MAPK14, HP, SMAD1, TCF7L2, ANGPT2, IL1A, ATP6AP2, ACTN4, GH1, SGK1, ABCA1, MALAT1, SOD1, GDF15, CCL5, EHMT1, PPARA, CRP, ZGLP1, MIR126, GRAP2, ROS1, RENBP, HMGB1, AZU1, SELENBP1, GJA1, B2M, MIR27A, HDLBP, MAPK8, PRKAA2, AHSA1, STAM2, F2RL1, EGFR, RNF19A, CRK, NR1I2, PNPLA2, GORASP1, WNK1, ANGPTL2, GREM1, SYT1, THBS1, KNG1, BEST1, UCP2, VPS51, NPHS1, AIMP2, SLBP, TNFRSF1A, HEBP1, TIMP3, SMAD7, POLDIP2, SMAD3, PRKAB1, PVT1, PLG, PTX3, PRKAA1, TLR2, MMP3, MAP3K5, HNF1B, MME, SLC2A2, ADAM17, MPO, IRS1, LOH19CR1, RPS19, IHG1, INSR, STAT1, IL17A, CXCL8, SHBG, LRP2, SOAT1, APLN, GSTM1, NOX5, CD44, CNR1, FGF2, CAV1, XYLT2, LRG1, BMP4, FOXC1, NRK, SUMO4, MAPK3, MIR130B, EDN1, CETP, MIR25, CCHCR1, CYP11B2, ACACB, MLXIPL, PGR-AS1, TUG1, THG1L, DCN, ADM, TNFRSF1B, LPL, XYLT1, NOD2, TKT, KLF6, SMAD2, SLC52A1, CXCL16, CPT2, TRIB3, DGKA, CRMP1, CDKN2A, MEG3, TIMP1, MEFV, CALD1, CDC42, MIR199B, PRKCA, MIR377, MIR93, PTH, PARP1, MIR30C2, MIR30C1, PKM, MIR29B2, MIR29B1, RAC1, APEX1, MIR155, CD68, MIR146A, S100A8, ARRB1, ATM, OR10A4, BCL2, FRMD3, NOTCH1, NOS2, DNMT1, DBA2, CD59, ANGPTL4, TGFA, ADIPOR1, XPR1, KCNQ1, ENG, DAPK2, HLA-DRB1, HGF, DENR, F2R, DNM1L, IL1RN, INPPL1, IL4, FABP4, FABP1, FGF1, SEMA3A, NFAT5, KHDRBS1, IFNG, EPO, CD2AP, LGALS3, NOX1, MBL3P, UTRN, TYRO3, HSPG2, RN7SL263P, RRAS, MIR141, PROC, OPTN, POTEF, KLF2, MIR770, SQSTM1, GSTK1, SDC2, MIR150, MCS+9.7, TSC22D1, NSA2, NEAT1, HYOU1, CXCR4, POSTN, PAQR3, HMGA2, NR1H4, IRS2, MIR29A, SOCS1, IQGAP1, SLC33A1, MIR30A, PTHLH, KLF4, MIR29C, SOCS2, PTAFR, ROCK2, UCA1, MIR15A, SLC5A1, MIR22, ULK1, MIR214, RARRES2, RBP4, MIR203A, MIR200B, ZEB2, MIR15B, GPBAR1, SNAI1, NRG4, MIOX, BRD4, PES1, TSPYL2, GAS5, LPAR3, ZEB1, DDAH1, SPHK1, ZNF410, MRTFA, SEMA6A, CHPT1, NUP62, SLCO6A1, KDM6A, IL17B, KLF15, RMC1, UCP1, IL20, TREM1, GHRL, ISYNA1, PLEKHO1, DCTN4, TXN, TBX1, VEGFC, HHIP, TALDO1, YY1, XBP1, SMN1, SMN2, NR2C2, SNRNP70, WFS1, IL33, VWF, ABCC11, ORAI1, SYVN1, VASH1, NLRC5, STAT5A, LIN28A, STAT5B, STK11, ABCC8, SYK, ADIPOR2, PHLPP1, FTO, VIM, MAP3K7, EBI3, NAT2, H3P10, CPT1A, NFKB1, MCAM, BCR, NPY, APLNR, LRPAP1, NPPB, LRP6, PTK2B, LOXL2, HES1, TNFRSF11B, BGN, LIPC, BSG, FGF13, ALOX12, DDOST, GFPT1, AVP, CXCL9, HFE, GTF2H1, MMP10, CTSB, GSTT1, GSTP1, GRN, HLA-DQA1, TRNT, APOC3, CYP4B1, APOA4, APOA1, GLO1, PDGFA, BMP2, ELAVL2, LPAR1, F5, CARS1, ENTPD1, ACVRL1, F10, PPIA, CCR1, ERBB4, EPHX2, IL5, C5AR1, PTPA, DUSP1, LRRC7, CSF1R, CSNK2A2, SCAF4, COL18A1, CRYZ, APOL3, DUSP26, KMT5AP1, RETN, CEBPB, NCALD, MIXL1, ACSS2, HMCN1, APOM, FSD1L, SETD7, TRIM11, PNO1, NMUR2, CST2, VCAN, LINC00472, CHI3L1, CREM, CHIT1, VASH2, CMKLR1, COL1A2, MARCKSL1, IPPK, SMURF2, COL4A5, COL6A3, EFHD2, FSD1, GREM2, COL8A1, COL8A2, COL11A2, FN3K, ACKR2, VAC14, TNMD, SLC52A2, CCR6, COX8A, CP, CPB2, RHBDF2, NLRX1, NLRC4, CPT1B, CR1, GSDMD, STIM2, FAR2, RMDN3, SYBU, RCAN1, SMPDL3B, RBMS3, HPGDS, RABGEF1, REM1, DSPP, PYCARD, IL19, INTU, DUOX2, ATN1, NOX3, DRD3, IL22, DPYS, TAS2R13, DUSP4, PALD1, STAP2, SOSTDC1, ELF3, PLA2G15, RAB38, CADM1, ELAVL1, TNFAIP8, POU2F3, WWTR1, FOXP1, IPCEF1, EFNA1, SLC17A5, EDA, E2F3, E2F1, ANKRD1, DPYD, FOXP3, SOST, CYLD, DDIT3, TERF2IP, DBP, TET2, CDKAL1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, ANO1, DERL2, WDR83, RCBTB1, KIRREL1, FBXW7, CYBB, SOX6, CTSD, H2BS1, DUOX1, DDT, GPRC5B, FIS1, DNMT3B, DNMT3A, RMDN1, DMP1, IRAK4, CFD, DES, DEFA3, TRIAP1, SIRT7, SIRT6, GDE1, DEFA1, PIAS4, MINDY4, CD80, CDK5, MIR451A, MIR33A, MIR34A, MIR34B, ADH1B, MIR96, MIR98, MIR99B, MIR133B, MIR342, MIR374A, PLIN2, MIR378A, MIR379, MIR382, MIR424, MIR449A, MIR20B, MIR320A, MIR31, MIR30E, ANG, MIR210, MIR217, ANGPT1, MIR221, MIR223, MIR23A, MIR23B, AMT, AFM, MIR27B, ALDH2, ALCAM, AHSG, MIR302A, MIR30B, JAG1, MIR18B, MIR485, MAK16, MIR488, MIR320E, MIR3196, MIR23C, ARAP1-AS2, ACTG2, LINC00968, MICOS10-NBL1, MIR4490, MIR4756, ARAP1-AS1, ACTA2, LOC102724334, TP53COR1, WSPAR, ACOX1, ACR, MTCO2P12, MIR1207, MFT2, LINC00462, NCF1, MIR497, MIR499A, MIR503, MIR486-1, MIR455, NORAD, ADD2, MIR544A, MIR874, MIR449B, ADD1, ADCY8, ADAM10, MIR675, CDKN2B-AS1, HOTAIR, MIR206, APOB, MIR200C, APOC1, ARAP1, CYP2R1, RBM45, PLEKHH2, SRXN1, PWAR1, C3AR1, CDAN1, IL34, SLC30A7, PLB1, RMDN2, GLIPR2, BNIP3, CNKSR3, SLC2A12, FITM1, CALB1, APOA5, ESCO1, RPPH1, MAP1LC3A, SPZ1, ACCS, CDH13, HAVCR2, CDH2, SEPTIN7, CD74, CCNG2, CD40LG, ESAM, ENO2, DSEL, MTDH, CD5L, MYOCD, ARID2, PRSS55, BGLAP, AQP2, MIR137, ARG1, ARF6, ABCC6, AQP5, MIR152, MIR154, AQP1, MIR132, APRT, MIR181A2, MIR182, MIR184, MIR188, APOH, MIR20A, MIR134, ARG2, FNDC5, SOX2-OT, CASC2, LINC01619, BDKRB2, AQP11, AVPR2, LINC01139, GOLGA6A, HCN1, ARRB2, ATP2A2, STS, MIRLET7A2, MIRLET7A3, MIRLET7B, MIRLET7C, MIR125A, MARK2, PRKCSH, ENPEP, SOX2, MLN, TCF7, MIF, TERC, TERF1, MGP, TFPI, TFRC, MFAP1, MEP1B, TGFB2, TGFB3, MAP3K1, TGFBR1, MDM2, MCM3, TGM2, KMT2A, MMP1, MMP7, MYD88, NCL, SPINK1, NCK1, NBL1, SREBF2, SRY, MYH2, COX2, MMP8, STC1, STIM1, COX1, MSX2, SUV39H1, MSN, MMP12, THBD, MB, MAP6, KHK, LAMP2, UCP3, UGT8, LAD1, KRT16, KPNA2, VAV1, KCNJ11, UCHL1, JUN, ITGB3, ITGAM, VEGFB, ITGA2B, EZR, ITGA1, LCK, UBE2V1, SMAD5, LMNA, LYZ, LTBP1, LTA, LRP5, LPA, TPD52, CRISP2, TRAF5, LCN1, TRAF6, TRH, TRPC5, LGALS1, TSC1, TWIST1, LEP, SP1, SOS1, EPHA1, SORD, PIK3R2, PIK3R1, RAP1A, PIK3C2B, PGC, RDX, PECAM1, PDK1, PDGFRB, RFC1, RNASE2, BRD2, ROCK1, PDGFRA, RPL36A, RPLP0, RPS6, RAB3A, PIN1, PITX2, PPBP, MAP2K7, PPP1R8, PRSS1, PRSS2, PSMA6, PSMD9, PTBP1, PTGDS, PKD1, PPARD, PTGS1, PON2, PLA2G1B, PTK2, PTPN2, PTPN6, RPS27A, PCSK1, S100A4, SLPI, SLC2A4, NOTCH3, NOTCH2, SLC7A2, SLC12A1, SLC22A3, SLC22A2, NFKBIA, SKP2, NFIX, FSCN1, NFIC, NFIB, NFIA, NDN, SOD3, YBX1, SKIL, PARN, PAEP, S100A9, S100B, SAA1, SAA2, SCD, CCL1, SERPINB2, PEBP1, NTRK1, CXCL6, P2RX7, CXCL12, SELL, OLR1, OGN, SI, IRAK1, CXCL10, INHBC, WARS1, FUT8, CORO2B, BASP1, GAST, YAP1, FST, TIMM44, EIF3M, UNC13B, NR5A1, CCT2, FPR2, MTHFS, FLT4, FLT1, PDPN, FHL2, GC, TRDN, TFG, DMTF1, RB1CC1, GRB2, GPX4, NUAK1, GPX3, GFPT2, GPX1, FFAR2, AKR1A1, NR1H3, GJB1, GIPR, MBNL2, CALCRL, GCK, RAMP2, IGF2BP2, CAMKK2, GPC5, TNS2, SMG1, ERP44, MCF2L2, MPRIP, MAP2K2, SLC9A8, ETF1, CRTC1, DAAM1, SRGAP2, SIRT4, SIRT3, EREG, EPHB2, SRRM2, DDAH2, PALLD, EZH2, OGA, ESM1, MASP2, GRAP, PLK2, FGF11, FASN, MALT1, RIPK3, ADAMTS13, ATF6, FABP2, PACSIN2, VSIG4, MRAS, SCAF8, NLRP1, PLA2R1, GSTM2, SOCS5, PICK1, BBOX1, IL1R1, IKBKB, AKAP1, TAM, AXIN2, RBPJ, IGFBP7, NR0B2, IL2, IGFBP4, IGFBP3, IGFBP1, IFNA13, PDE5A, IFNA1, IDUA, CUL5, NTT, B3GALNT1, YWHAZ, IL15, WT1, IL13, IL12RB1, XIST, XRCC1, CXCR2, ZFP36, PLA2G7, CNBP, MZF1, ZBTB16, ZNF236, CXCR1, IL6ST, IL6R, PEA15, TNFSF10, EIF2AK3, CD163, FOXA1, MSC, MFHAS1, COPB2, ADGRG1, NR4A1, HMGN1, SLIT2, HPT, UBE4A, SLC22A6, PPIG, HLA-DPA1, SLC22A8, HLA-B, NTN1, HNMT, IL1RL1, RIPK2, HSPA1B, TNFRSF10D, IL18R1, ID2, IAPP, ALKBH1, HSPB2, HSPA4, HSPA1A, AIFM1, HSD11B2, BTRC, MGAM, HSPB3, SOCS3, GPRC5A, SLC16A3, ETS1
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Rabies
Wikipedia
The recommendation for the precautionary use of PEP in bat encounters where no contact is recognized has been questioned in the medical literature, based on a cost–benefit analysis . [75] However, a 2002 study has supported the protocol of precautionary administering of PEP where a child or mentally compromised individual has been alone with a bat, especially in sleep areas, where a bite or exposure may occur with the victim being unaware. [76] After onset A treatment known as the Milwaukee protocol, which involves putting a person into a chemically induced coma and using antiviral medications , has been proposed but subsequently found not to be useful. [77] It initially came into use in 2003, following Jeanna Giese, a teenager from Wisconsin , becoming the first person known to have survived rabies without preventive treatments before symptom onset. [78] [79] She, however, already had antibodies against rabies when she initially arrived in hospital. [80] While this treatment has been tried multiple times more, there have been no further cases of survival. [77] The protocol has since been assessed as an ineffective treatment with concerns related to the costs and ethics of its use. [77] [81] Prognosis Vaccination after exposure, PEP, is highly successful in preventing the disease. [67] In unvaccinated humans, rabies is almost always fatal after neurological symptoms have developed. [82] Epidemiology Main article: Prevalence of rabies Deaths from rabies per million persons in 2012 0 1 2–4 5–9 10–17 18–69 Map of rabies-free countries and territories In 2010, an estimated 26,000 people died from rabies, down from 54,000 in 1990. [83] The majority of the deaths occurred in Asia and Africa. [82] As of 2015 [update] , India, followed by China (approximately 6,000), and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (5,600) had the most cases. [84] A 2015 collaboration between the World Health Organization, World Organization of Animal Health (OIE), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO), and Global Alliance for Rabies Control has a goal of eliminating deaths from rabies by 2030. [85] India India has the highest rate of human rabies in the world, primarily because of stray dogs, [86] whose number has greatly increased since a 2001 law forbade the killing of dogs. [87] Effective control and treatment of rabies in India is hindered by a form of mass hysteria known as puppy pregnancy syndrome (PPS). Dog bite victims with PPS, male as well as female, become convinced that puppies are growing inside them, and often seek help from faith healers rather than medical services. [88] An estimated 20,000 people die every year from rabies in India, more than a third of the global total. [87] Australia The rabies virus survives in widespread, varied, rural animal reservoirs.THBS1, IL6, IFNA1, PTPN22, TLR3, PREP, PAEP, IFNA13, ERVK-6, LAMP3, OCA2, LSAMP, EGFLAM, MALT1, MECP2, MAP2K7, ERVK-20, TNF, MYOM2, ERVW-1, ALB, HPSE, RECQL4, ENOSF1, EPHB6, DNLZ, RAB7A, UBE2B, RNGTT, AKT1, UBA7, ARHGEF7, TCEA1, STAT3, STAT1, SOAT1, CCL21, CCL5, SARS1, RAB5A, TNFSF13, TNFSF13B, CH25H, CBFA2T2, PERCC1, MTRNR2L10, MIR455, MIR423, RAB7B, CBLL2, DCD, RSAD2, MUL1, TNIP2, SAGE1, SARS2, PPP1R12C, TFPT, SGSM3, ERAL1, PIP5K1C, PPP1R13B, CXCL13, HDAC6, ISG15, MAPK3, PIK3CD, POU3F4, PIK3R2, IFNB1, IFIT2, ICAM1, HSPA8, AGFG1, HMGB1, GRM2, GFAP, GAS1, FUT2, FN1, ESR1, EPHA3, DUSP5, SLC26A3, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, CSF2, MAP3K8, CHRNA4, CASP2, VPS51, ANGPT2, IFNG, IGF1, IGHA1, MYC, PIK3R1, PIK3CG, PIK3CB, PIK3CA, PDR, PCBP2, PRKN, NTS, NGFR, NEFH, NEDD4, MTM1, IGHG3, MOG, MAP2, LAMP1, KPNA4, ITGB1, IRF3, CXCL10, IL7, IL5, IL1A, IGKV@, ERVK-32
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Alcohol Intoxication
Wikipedia
Administer the vitamin thiamine to prevent Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome , which can cause a seizure (more usually a treatment for chronic alcoholism, but in the acute context usually co-administered to ensure maximal benefit). ... "Acute ethanol poisoning and the ethanol withdrawal syndrome". Medical Toxicology . 3 (3): 172–196. doi : 10.1007/BF03259881 . ... Sulfonic acids : Acamprosate Religion and alcohol Christian views on alcohol alcohol in the Bible Islam and alcohol History Bratt System Related Index of alcohol-related articles Austrian syndrome Ban on caffeinated alcoholic beverages Brief intervention Gateway drug effect Last call Mood disorder Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Self-medication Spins Sober companion Sober living houses Sobering center Town drunk Category v t e Psychoactive substance-related disorder General SID Substance intoxication / Drug overdose Substance-induced psychosis Withdrawal : Craving Neonatal withdrawal Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) SUD Substance abuse / Substance-related disorders Physical dependence / Psychological dependence / Substance dependence Combined substance use SUD Polysubstance dependence SID Combined drug intoxication (CDI) Alcohol SID Cardiovascular diseases Alcoholic cardiomyopathy Alcohol flush reaction (AFR) Gastrointestinal diseases Alcoholic liver disease (ALD): Alcoholic hepatitis Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS) Endocrine diseases Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) Nervous system diseases Alcohol-related dementia (ARD) Alcohol intoxication Hangover Neurological disorders Alcoholic hallucinosis Alcoholic polyneuropathy Alcohol-related brain damage Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS): Alcoholic hallucinosis Delirium tremens (DTs) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) Korsakoff syndrome Positional alcohol nystagmus (PAN) Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS, Korsakoff psychosis) Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) Respiratory tract diseases Alcohol-induced respiratory reactions Alcoholic lung disease SUD Alcoholism (alcohol use disorder (AUD)) Binge drinking Caffeine SID Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder Caffeine-induced sleep disorder Caffeinism SUD Caffeine dependence Cannabis SID Cannabis arteritis Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) SUD Amotivational syndrome Cannabis use disorder (CUD) Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder Cocaine SID Cocaine intoxication Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) SUD Cocaine dependence Hallucinogen SID Acute intoxication from hallucinogens (bad trip) Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) Nicotine SID Nicotine poisoning Nicotine withdrawal SUD Nicotine dependence Opioids SID Opioid overdose SUD Opioid use disorder (OUD) Sedative / hypnotic SID Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal) benzodiazepine : SID Benzodiazepine overdose Benzodiazepine withdrawal SUD Benzodiazepine use disorder (BUD) Benzodiazepine dependence barbiturate : SID Barbiturate overdose SUD Barbiturate dependence Stimulants SID Stimulant psychosis amphetamine : SUD Amphetamine dependence Volatile solvent SID Sudden sniffing death syndrome (SSDS) Toluene toxicity SUD Inhalant abuseALDH2, ADH1B, DRD4, NR3C1, ADH1C, AKR1A1, ALDH1A1, ST6GAL1, REN, RELA, PON1, PER2, OPRM1, SLC6A4, MTR, MTHFR, MPO, SOD2, LBP, IL18, CXCL8, TP53, HSPA4, EIF4A2, BCHE, BDNF, CD19, CHAT, COX8A, FYN, GABRA1, GRIK1, DRD2, NPSR1, NPS, CAT, TLR4, NCOA6, ARHGEF7, C20orf181, ASCC1, GINS2, MFGE8, PPARG, SERPINE1, NFKB1, KCNMA1, IL6, GRM5, GABRA2, CD40, H3P40
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Concussions In American Football
Wikipedia
The mice, whose brains were scanned using a specialized MRI, immediately showed changes to the electrical functions of their brains. [4] Contents 1 Concussions in the National Football League 1.1 History 1.2 Research 1.3 Prevention 1.4 Concussion protocol process 1.4.1 Preseason evaluation 1.4.2 In-game identification 1.4.3 In-game evaluation 1.4.4 Post-game 2 NFL litigation 2.1 Denial by the League 2.2 Federal NFL concussion litigation 2.3 Kansas City Chiefs concussion lawsuit 2.4 Cook County, Illinois Riddell concussion litigation 3 Concussions in college football 4 Concussions in other leagues 4.1 Canadian Football League 4.2 Arena Football League 4.3 Youth football 4.4 Concussions in high school football 5 Prevention efforts 5.1 NFL 5.2 WFA 5.3 Youth football 6 Screening procedure 7 Recovery efforts 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Concussions in the National Football League [ edit ] See also: list of NFL players with post-concussion syndrome According to 2017 study on brains of deceased gridiron football players, 99% of tested brains of NFL players, 88% of CFL players, 64% of semi-professional players, 91% of college football players, and 21% of high school football players had various stages of CTE . [5] Other common injuries include, injuries of legs, arms, and lower back. [6] [7] [8] [9] History [ edit ] A concussion is a frequent injury among football players.
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Atheroma
Wikipedia
Demircan et al. found that the CIMT of patients with acute coronary syndrome were significantly increased compared to patients with stable angina pectoris. [ citation needed ] It has been reported in another study that a maximal CIMT value of 0.956 mm had 85.7% sensitivity and 85.1% specificity to predict angiographic CAD. ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : I70.9 ICD - 9-CM : 440 MeSH : D058226 DiseasesDB : 1039 v t e Cardiovascular disease (vessels) Arteries , arterioles and capillaries Inflammation Arteritis Aortitis Buerger's disease Peripheral artery disease Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Foam cell Fatty streak Atheroma Intermittent claudication Critical limb ischemia Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis Arteriolosclerosis Hyaline Hyperplastic Cholesterol LDL Oxycholesterol Trans fat Stenosis Carotid artery stenosis Renal artery stenosis Other Aortoiliac occlusive disease Degos disease Erythromelalgia Fibromuscular dysplasia Raynaud's phenomenon Aneurysm / dissection / pseudoaneurysm torso : Aortic aneurysm Abdominal aortic aneurysm Thoracic aortic aneurysm Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva Aortic dissection Aortic rupture Coronary artery aneurysm head / neck Intracranial aneurysm Intracranial berry aneurysm Carotid artery dissection Vertebral artery dissection Familial aortic dissection Vascular malformation Arteriovenous fistula Arteriovenous malformation Telangiectasia Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Vascular nevus Cherry hemangioma Halo nevus Spider angioma Veins Inflammation Phlebitis Venous thrombosis / Thrombophlebitis primarily lower limb Deep vein thrombosis abdomen Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Budd–Chiari syndrome May–Thurner syndrome Portal vein thrombosis Renal vein thrombosis upper limb / torso Mondor's disease Paget–Schroetter disease head Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Post-thrombotic syndrome Varicose veins Gastric varices Portacaval anastomosis Caput medusae Esophageal varices Hemorrhoid Varicocele Other Chronic venous insufficiency Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency Superior vena cava syndrome Inferior vena cava syndrome Venous ulcer Arteries or veins Angiopathy Macroangiopathy Microangiopathy Embolism Pulmonary embolism Cholesterol embolism Paradoxical embolism Thrombosis Vasculitis Blood pressure Hypertension Hypertensive heart disease Hypertensive emergency Hypertensive nephropathy Essential hypertension Secondary hypertension Renovascular hypertension Benign hypertension Pulmonary hypertension Systolic hypertension White coat hypertension Hypotension Orthostatic hypotension
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Poisoning Of Alexander Litvinenko
Wikipedia
He died three weeks later, becoming the first confirmed victim of lethal polonium-210 -induced acute radiation syndrome . [1] Litvinenko's allegations about misdeeds of the FSB and his public deathbed accusations that Russian president Vladimir Putin was behind his unusual malady resulted in worldwide media coverage.
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Hodgkin Lymphoma
Wikipedia
However, there is debate as to whether the P-E fever truly exists. [19] Nephrotic syndrome can occur in individuals with Hodgkin lymphoma and is most commonly caused by minimal change disease . [20] Diagnosis [ edit ] Hodgkin lymphoma must be distinguished from non-cancerous causes of lymph node swelling (such as various infections) and from other types of cancer. ... "Occurrence of minimal change nephrotic syndrome in classical Hodgkin lymphoma is closely related to the induction of c-mip in Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg cells and podocytes" .REL, GATA3, KLHDC8B, PVT1, TNFRSF8, CD274, NFKBIA, CFLAR, GSTP1, SOCS1, UGT1A1, CDK2, IFNA2, TNFAIP3, CSF3, PTPN1, RELN, NRSN1, GAP43, MTHFD2, ITK, GAL, IL13, ATM, FAS, HLA-DRB1, POU2AF1, CCHCR1, TCF3, RASGRP1, CASP10, FASLG, AHI1, NCK1, RTEL1, TNF, HLA-DPA3, CLEC16A, IL6, DKC1, JAK2, ULK4, HLA-DRA, IL10, RNF43, COL11A2, IL2, TP53, GATA3-AS1, LINC01185, ACOXL-AS1, CDKN2A, KRT20, MYC, TRBV20OR9-2, SMUG1, CIB3, LPP, NCAPH2, NCOA5, HLA-DRB9, LY6G6D, PDLIM7, MDM2, CLSTN2, AAGAB, MICB, CCL17, IGH, VWA7, MPIG6B, LY6G6C, PTPN22, TCF4, BMF, ACOXL, GRAMD1B, EPO, ELL2, DTNB, SP140, PRKCD, MS4A1, CD19, BCL6, COL14A1, PSMB9, PAX5, ALK, BAG6, HBS1L, PBX2, PRRC2A, MIR4435-2HG, GGNBP1, TH2LCRR, PDCD1, BCL2, ALB, CCND1, BAK1, FUT4, HLA-A, IL4, BCL3, NPM1, SOAT1, CDKN1A, MIR155, STAT6, H3P10, PIK3CD, STAT3, GSTT1, EZH2, BCR, CRP, IFNG, PTH, NFKB1, IL5, FCGR3A, PIK3CA, AKT1, ACE, PIK3CG, PIK3CB, HLA-DPB1, IL12B, ABCB1, IFNL3, TGFB1, SOST, AICDA, TIMP1, HPGDS, FGF23, PCNA, TNFSF8, CD40LG, BCL10, TBC1D9, CCL2, LPL, VEGFA, MIR155HG, IGK, CD99, LOC102724971, LOC102723407, HAMP, PIM1, PRDM1, BAX, MAGEH1, SCT, MMP9, FCER2, POU2F2, IGHV3-69-1, CD34, CD28, TRAF1, CDKN1B, CDKN2B, IRF4, TP73, CD40, PTPRC, CCR4, CCR5, PTX3, COL15A1, IL3RA, KIT, CD79B, CCL11, CCL22, IL1B, LGALS1, IL1A, VDR, CLIP1, PON1, SLC22A2, CXCL10, DCTN6, GRM5, GPT, ZAP70, JUN, PSMD9, GSTM1, KDR, CDR3, ALLC, IL18, TNFRSF9, GZMB, IL12A, H3P23, SLC12A9, XIAP, IL4R, IL3, SDC1, ANGPT1, IFI27, TMED7, XRCC1, SPI1, TMED7-TICAM2, DICER1, ERBB2, TCHHL1, RPTN, MUC1, IGHV3OR16-7, MYD88, DPP4, TLR4, TM7SF2, CHEK2, ZNRD2, TICAM2, FCGR3B, CTLA4, CCN2, NFE2L2, CR2, CASP3, HRNR, NOTCH1, CD27, TRAF3, CD70, ZHX2, ETFA, BMI1, ARHGAP24, MSX1, FOXO1, AGO2, STAT5A, SERPINE1, MET, GABPA, FGF2, JUNB, MAPK1, NFKB2, SERPINA5, MKI67, TUSC2, CXCL12, MRPS30, MAPK3, PIK3R1, NME1, S100A12, REG3A, NINL, RXRA, P4HB, KLRK1, HERPUD1, MGP, MGMT, OTX2, TNFRSF11B, BCL11A, PART1, MMP2, PECAM1, COX2, PAPOLA, PTEN, FOXP1, ASAP1, CCL5, RAG2, PSIP1, LEP, LTA, PRAME, LTB, REN, SH2D1A, RAG1, B3GAT1, RYBP, LAIR1, PPARGC1A, TNFSF13B, HDAC9, PLK1, MRC1, PTGS2, PDAP1, ACP3, JAK1, BTK, TFRC, SLCO6A1, CALR, CALCR, SRSF5, TRG, DDR1, UCHL1, ETS1, SELENBP1, CXCR5, STAT5B, FGFR2, BLMH, BDNF, TNFRSF17, GLIS2, FOXC1, HDAC10, BCL2L1, HGS, VIM, ATN1, TIMP2, ARHGEF7, ASAP2, CD44, CD80, CD68, CDC25A, CD14, CDC25C, TNFRSF6B, CDKN3, CHI3L1, LOC390714, CCR3, CCR7, CD247, TNNI3, ENHO, CSF1, CSF2, GSTK1, CUX1, CX3CR1, TNFRSF1B, PDCD1LG2, FOS, HDAC11, HIF1A, MTCO2P12, HLA-G, LINC02605, SNAP25, HP, ALOX5, HSPA4, AHSG, AGER, TNC, ID2, IGF1, SLC6A8, IGL, IL2RA, MTPAP, IL7, CXCL8, IL13RA2, ADAM10, IDO1, ACTB, SHBG, KL, MIB1, LOC105379528, CD163, STAT1, MEF2B, GH1, KLRC4-KLRK1, GJB2, GLO1, SST, ACE2, AR, APOE, CXCR3, COMMD3-BMI1, IFNL4, HGF, PCAT2, HFE, MIR21, HTT, HARS1, TNFRSF25, CXCR4, USO1, AOC3, MIA, PDE5A, TNFSF13, PIK3R3, URI1, LOH19CR1, KHSRP, NXF1, TNFSF10, MRPL28, NR1H3, DEDD, MSC, CD83, BCL2L11, HDAC6, LONP1, NR1I3, DLEC1, ADIPOQ, NAPSA, CD302, CCL4L2, BCAR1, NCOR2, RGS6, IKBKE, PDIA6, NAMPT, EBAG9, PRMT5, ANP32B, PROM1, GLRX3, SPHK1, MCM3AP, MBD2, CIB1, SPON2, TRIM13, DLC1, NOL3, SEMA3A, DLEU1, HCG9, ARTN, CBFA2T2, ABL1, DLL4, HPSE, MARCHF10, NAPRT, BMS1P20, DRAM2, RBM45, HJV, ERFE, TMPRSS6, SUB1, ASXL1, RLS1, CYP4Z1, TIGIT, GCSAM, COPD, CHRDL1, TSLP, DIXDC1, UBASH3B, HAVCR2, UQCC2, MIXL1, FCRL4, CYB5B, WLS, EHMT1, MORC4, MAPKAP1, MARCKSL1, RAPH1, TSPYL2, PAPPA2, OR10A4, CYP4V2, H3P44, TARP, H3P42, H3P9, MIR10393, ERVW-4, BCL2L2-PABPN1, TMX2-CTNND1, MICA, ZGLP1, POTEF, SSX2B, MIR421, CXADRP1, MT1IP, MIR146B, MIR17HG, IL31, MIR9-3, MIR9-2, MIR9-1, MIR27A, MIR26B, MIR24-1, MIR17, MIR150, MIR124-1, MIR122, CIMT, LINC01194, CCL4L1, NPSR1, IL21, CXCL16, GRHL3, SF3B1, POLM, RABGEF1, NAAA, SIGLEC7, FGF21, IBTK, POT1, NIPBL, PRDX5, IL17RA, CADM1, SMPX, DAPK2, SEC14L2, SIRT1, SLCO1B3, PPP1R13B, ACSBG1, KDM6B, KDM4C, HABP4, FNDC3A, ZHX1, POLG2, RASSF1, UBE2C, PIM2, SLC27A4, IMMT, COPS5, EML4, TRAV29DV5, MRTFA, IMMTP1, RPTOR, XPO5, SCYL1, DIABLO, ALG1, CMTR2, ATF7IP, NLRP2, BATF3, MAP1S, TET2, PPP1R12C, TERF2IP, TLR9, TRIM33, TRAJ60, SIRT6, NCKIPSD, ISYNA1, MBTPS2, APH1A, ASCC1, FOXP3, SLC40A1, TBX21, ICOS, NXT1, DROSHA, DEXI, TRAC, ALMS1, MAPK7, YWHAE, GDNF, FSHMD1A, KDSR, GAPDH, GAS6, GC, GCG, MSTN, GEM, GUCY2D, GFER, GHRH, GLP1R, GNA12, GRM1, CXCL3, GSTA1, MTOR, FOSB, FLT4, FLNB, EPHA3, EPHA7, EPHB2, ERG, ESR2, FABP4, FBN1, FCGRT, FGF13, FGFR3, FHIT, FKBP4, FOXD1, FOXO3, FLNA, GTF2H4, HBB, EMP1, ITGA2B, IL9, IL10RA, IL11RA, IL17A, IRF5, ISG20, ISL1, ITGAL, HCLS1, ITGB3, JUND, KIR2DS1, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR3DS1, TNPO1, IL6R, IL2RB, IGKV@, IGFBP7, HDAC1, HEXA, HIP1, HLA-B, HLA-C, MNX1, HLA-DOA, HLA-DQB1, HLX, HMGB1, HMOX1, HOXB9, HTC2, HTR5A, ICAM1, SLC29A1, ELF3, LAG3, BRCA1, STS, ATF1, ATR, B2M, BAD, BCL2L2, BGLAP, BRAF, CD86, BRCA2, BSG, SERPING1, FMNL1, CASR, CBFA2T3, CCND2, ARR3, RHOH, ARHGDIB, ABCC6, ACVRL1, ADARB1, ADD1, ADM, AGRP, ALOX15, AMPD1, ANGPT2, ANXA1, ANXA5, ANXA6, BIRC3, BIRC5, APOB, APOC3, CD5, CD37, ELANE, DECR1, CYLD, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, DAP, DCC, DCT, DDIT3, DNASE1, CD38, DRD3, E2F3, E2F6, EBF1, EGR1, EIF2S1, EIF4E, CXADR, CTNND1, CTNNB1, CSE1L, CD58, CD63, CD79A, CDH13, CDK4, CDKN2C, CETP, CHEK1, FOXN3, CLU, CLTA, CNR1, COL4A2, MAP3K8, CREB1, KRAS, STMN1, XRCC3, CCL8, BRD2, RPS2, RPS19, SATB1, SCD, CCL3, CCL4, CCL20, SOX11, SELL, SFPQ, SIX1, SKI, SLN, SLPI, FSCN1, RMRP, RLN2, RING1, RET, PRKAR1A, PRL, PROS1, PRSS3, PSMD12, PTPN2, PTPN11, PVALB, MOK, RANBP2, RANGAP1, RAP1A, RASGRF1, RELB, RENBP, SOX1, SPG7, POU4F3, UCP1, TRAF5, TRAF6, TRP-AGG2-6, TRPC4, TTR, TNFSF4, TNFRSF4, VEGFC, SPIB, VWF, WFS1, WNT5A, WT1, XBP1, XPC, XPO1, TRAF2, TPT1, TOP2A, TNFRSF1A, SPP1, SRY, SSX1, SSX2, MAP3K7, TAP1, TAP2, TBP, TCOF1, TRA, TRGC1, PRDX2, TERT, TGFBR2, TLR1, PPP1R1A, PMS1, LBP, MPP1, BORCS8-MEF2B, MEFV, CIITA, CXCL9, MITF, MLH1, KMT2A, ABCC1, MT1M, MSH2, MT1A, MT1B, MT1E, MT1F, MT1G, MT1H, MEF2A, MDK, ADAM11, MCL1, LBR, LDLR, LGALS3, LGALS9, LIPC, LMO2, LPA, LY75, MXD1, MAL, MAOA, MAZ, MBL2, MC1R, MCC, MT1JP, MT1L, PMP22, PDGFRA, NRAS, OGG1, OPCML, PAEP, PAFAH1B1, PAK3, PC, ENPP2, MT1X, SLC26A4, PENK, PF4, PIK3R2, PITX3, PLAU, PML, NPPA, NPC1, NPAT, NKX2-2, MT2A, MTHFR, MTNR1A, MTNR1B, MTX1, MUTYH, NBN, NCAM1, SEPTIN2, NEDD9, NFATC1, NFATC2, NFKBIE, NGF, NGFR, H3P40
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Wikipedia
Compared to Nissen fundoplication procedures, the procedure has shown a reduction in complications such as gas bloat syndrome that commonly occur. [59] Adverse responses include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, vomiting, and nausea. ... Classification D ICD - 10 : K21 ICD - 9-CM : 530.81 OMIM : 109350 MeSH : D005764 DiseasesDB : 23596 External resources MedlinePlus : 000265 eMedicine : med/857 ped/1177 radio/300 v t e Diseases of the digestive system Upper GI tract Esophagus Esophagitis Candidal Eosinophilic Herpetiform Rupture Boerhaave syndrome Mallory–Weiss syndrome UES Zenker's diverticulum LES Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Diffuse esophageal spasm Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Esophageal stricture Megaesophagus Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis Stomach Gastritis Atrophic Ménétrier's disease Gastroenteritis Peptic (gastric) ulcer Cushing ulcer Dieulafoy's lesion Dyspepsia Pyloric stenosis Achlorhydria Gastroparesis Gastroptosis Portal hypertensive gastropathy Gastric antral vascular ectasia Gastric dumping syndrome Gastric volvulus Buried bumper syndrome Gastrinoma Zollinger–Ellison syndrome Lower GI tract Enteropathy Small intestine ( Duodenum / Jejunum / Ileum ) Enteritis Duodenitis Jejunitis Ileitis Peptic (duodenal) ulcer Curling's ulcer Malabsorption : Coeliac Tropical sprue Blind loop syndrome Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome Whipple's Short bowel syndrome Steatorrhea Milroy disease Bile acid malabsorption Large intestine ( Appendix / Colon ) Appendicitis Colitis Pseudomembranous Ulcerative Ischemic Microscopic Collagenous Lymphocytic Functional colonic disease IBS Intestinal pseudoobstruction / Ogilvie syndrome Megacolon / Toxic megacolon Diverticulitis / Diverticulosis / SCAD Large and/or small Enterocolitis Necrotizing Gastroenterocolitis IBD Crohn's disease Vascular : Abdominal angina Mesenteric ischemia Angiodysplasia Bowel obstruction : Ileus Intussusception Volvulus Fecal impaction Constipation Diarrhea Infectious Intestinal adhesions Rectum Proctitis Radiation proctitis Proctalgia fugax Rectal prolapse Anismus Anal canal Anal fissure / Anal fistula Anal abscess Hemorrhoid Anal dysplasia Pruritus ani GI bleeding Blood in stool Upper Hematemesis Melena Lower Hematochezia Accessory Liver Hepatitis Viral hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis PBC Fatty liver NASH Vascular Budd–Chiari syndrome Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Portal hypertension Nutmeg liver Alcoholic liver disease Liver failure Hepatic encephalopathy Acute liver failure Liver abscess Pyogenic Amoebic Hepatorenal syndrome Peliosis hepatis Metabolic disorders Wilson's disease Hemochromatosis Gallbladder Cholecystitis Gallstone / Cholelithiasis Cholesterolosis Adenomyomatosis Postcholecystectomy syndrome Porcelain gallbladder Bile duct / Other biliary tree Cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Secondary sclerosing cholangitis Ascending Cholestasis / Mirizzi's syndrome Biliary fistula Haemobilia Common bile duct Choledocholithiasis Biliary dyskinesia Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Pancreatic Pancreatitis Acute Chronic Hereditary Pancreatic abscess Pancreatic pseudocyst Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic fistula Other Hernia Diaphragmatic Congenital Hiatus Inguinal Indirect Direct Umbilical Femoral Obturator Spigelian Lumbar Petit's Grynfeltt-Lesshaft Undefined location Incisional Internal hernia Richter's Peritoneal Peritonitis Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Hemoperitoneum Pneumoperitoneum Medicine portalCXCL8, PTGS2, TAC1, ABAT, TP63, CHD7, MEIS2, SCN3A, SLC18A3, SNRPB, SNAP25, GEMIN4, SLC25A1, SLC1A2, SLC6A3, SCN8A, RRM2B, SKI, SFTPC, ASCC1, SCN9A, SON, AARS1, SOX5, MAP3K7, TFAP2A, TERT, TERC, TCF4, TBX1, CYFIP2, SYT1, ATXN2, VAMP1, STXBP1, CDKL5, SSR4, AFF4, CCDC22, SLC25A24, SALL1, FBXL4, PGM3, MAGEL2, PPP3CA, SAMD9, POLG, SNRK, TRMT10C, PDE4B, RETREG1, PARN, PAK1, RNF125, ANO10, SETD5, ORC4, PRKCSH, C21orf62-AS1, MLXIPL, RAF1, ACTL6B, RREB1, RPL10, WWOX, RFC2, RET, RAD21, PSPH, RAB5B, ALDH18A1, PYCR1, PTPN11, RTEL1, FGFRL1, TBL2, PHGDH, OCRL, BAZ1B, KIAA0586, PIEZO1, SEMA3E, SEC24C, IQSEC2, GTF2IRD1, GABBR2, ADAMTS2, POGZ, TBX4, NRXN1, LONP1, TRIP4, SLC6A5, SMC3, TECPR2, WASHC5, ARNT2, SLC9A6, SEC63, RAI1, POLG2, ARFGEF2, PUF60, DEAF1, NTNG1, MED12, STAG1, GPHN, CNKSR2, FAM13A, FARSB, TRAK1, ATP11A, CAMTA1, CNTNAP2, PHOX2B, NSD2, WHCR, CLIP2, PIGN, ORC6, SLC35A2, UFD1, NUP62, TWIST1, HIRA, TSPYL1, NIPBL, SH2B1, PARS2, NECAP1, KAT6B, YWHAG, PCGF2, CNTNAP1, SYNJ1, NEDD4L, SYNGAP1, SZT2, ELP1, KCNAB2, PPM1D, ADNP, LTBP4, MAD1L1, SMC1A, AP3B2, NUP214, KAT6A, ORC1, KLHL26, NTRK2, STAC3, DNM1, DHCR7, DDOST, DDC, JMJD1C, SDK1, CYP2C19, ATN1, EBF3, NALCN, CCN2, CTBP1, CHAMP1, COMT, DPYD, DSP, SLC13A5, TMTC3, FLII, SYT2, AMER1, FOXG1, FGF12, FBN1, EXT2, TYMP, ASXL1, ELN, ARID2, FCSK, FLCN, EEF1A2, COL13A1, CCR6, NUS1, ARVCF, ATP4A, SFTPA2, ATP12A, RERE, ASPA, ASCL1, ARF1, ATP7A, APOB, LINC02109, SLC25A4, LINC02831, ADAR, ABCA3, ATP6V1A, ATRX, CLTC, CAMK2B, CLCN4, CHAT, NEXMIF, CDC6, HCN1, CAV1, AGRN, KIF1A, CACNA1B, CACNA1A, MYMK, SFTPA1, BRAF, MUC5B, BTN2A1, FLNA, FMR1, AFF3, LIMK1, LETM1, TBC1D24, SHROOM4, LBR, LAMA2, ZSWIM6, MAP1B, KCNB1, KCNA2, GER, SLC5A7, IRF5, PRDM16, LRP5, CCDC47, PORCN, ATP6, NPHS1, NONO, MAML3, MYO9A, PACS1, ERMARD, MSR1, MECP2, HDAC8, KLHL7, SMG9, KMT2A, TWNK, MID1, CTHRC1, ARV1, SLC2A10, SHANK3, GRIN2D, GP1BB, MCEE, GLRB, GLRA1, ATAD1, GABRG2, GRM8, GABRD, GABRB2, DPP9, COG7, FOXP2, SLC46A1, WNK1, CPLX1, STN1, KIAA0319L, MRPS34, MEG8, RHBDF2, CSPP1, GTF2I, UBA5, DHDDS, HRAS, HNRNPH2, HLA-DRB1, HIVEP2, COPD, ISLR2, F2RL1, CDX2, FUT3, IL1B, NPDC1, MTCO2P12, EIF6, COX2, CA1, IL1RN, TRPV1, EGFR, TAL1, TRIM21, CYLD, SOX2, ECI1, EGF, SCLY, TNF, SLCO6A1, GAST, SLC52A1, GNB3, NFE2L2, CCN1, KRT7, TFF3, TLR4, NR1I2, CCL26, TP53, GSTK1, MIR223, ATP2A3, GRM5, CCND1, SERPING1, CCK, GIP, GSTT2, GABRA6, POU5F1P4, GABPA, PRDM6, GATA6, HSPB1, HSPA4, NR5A2, HSPB2, HTR2A, IGF1R, IGFBP2, IL1A, APOA4, IL6, PERP, ADRB2, IL18, POU5F1P3, FLT1, FOS, CDX1, COL3A1, CLDN3, RBM43, CLDN7, CTSW, NPNT, CALR, REXO1L1P, MIR142, CYP3A4, MIR203A, MIR21, ACE, TRPV4, ERCC2, ADAMTS17, FAP, MIR29A, ZNF569, BEST3, FOXF1, CAPN14, FLG, EFNB2, CPSF4, JUN, TYMS, NTM, SLPI, IL22, CRNN, SPARC, REM1, RO60, DKK4, FOXP1, TFF1, TFF2, TNFRSF1A, TOP2B, TSC2, VEGFA, KRAS, ARL2BP, XRCC1, BSND, IL18R1, HSPB3, CLDN1, SLC4A7, MCF2L2, CLOCK, DKK1, GNE, EBI3, AGR2, POSTN, FOXP3, SCNN1D, SAFB, RASL12, LCN1, LEP, PELI1, NES, ZC3HAV1, MGMT, MLH1, BARX1, MMP1, MMP3, MMP12, COX1, HIF1AN, NGF, NT5E, SLC22A18, P2RX7, P4HB, PIGA, PIK3CA, POU5F1, PPY, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, PTH, PTGS1, RNASE2, IL23A, S100A8, MDM2
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Tay–sachs Disease
Wikipedia
Specialty Medical genetics Symptoms Initially : Decreased ability to turn over, sit, or crawl [1] Later : Seizures , hearing loss , inability to move [1] Usual onset Three to six months of age [1] Duration Long term [2] Types Infantile, juvenile, late-onset [2] Causes Genetic ( autosomal recessive ) [1] Diagnostic method Testing blood hexosaminidase A levels, genetic testing [2] Differential diagnosis Sandhoff disease , Leigh syndrome , neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses [2] Treatment Supportive care , psychosocial support [2] Prognosis Death often occurs in early childhood [1] Frequency Rare in the general population [1] Tay–Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that results in the destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord . [1] The most common form is infantile Tay–Sachs disease which becomes apparent around three to six months of age, with the baby losing the ability to turn over, sit, or crawl. [1] This is then followed by seizures , hearing loss , and inability to move , with death usually occurring by the age of four. [1] Less commonly, the disease may occur in later childhood or adulthood (juvenile or late-onset). [1] These forms tend to be less severe, [1] but the juvenile form typically results in death by age 15. [3] Tay–Sachs disease is caused by a genetic mutation in the HEXA gene on chromosome 15 , which codes for a subunit of the hexosaminidase enzyme known as hexosaminidase A. [1] It is inherited from a person's parents in an autosomal recessive manner. [1] The mutation disrupts the activity of the enzyme, which results in the buildup of the molecule GM2 ganglioside within cells, leading to toxicity. [1] Diagnosis may be supported by measuring the blood hexosaminidase A level or genetic testing . [2] Tay–Sachs disease is a type of GM2 gangliosidosis and sphingolipidosis . [4] The treatment of Tay–Sachs disease is supportive in nature. [2] This may involve multiple specialities as well as psychosocial support for the family. [2] The disease is rare in the general population. [1] In Ashkenazi Jews , French Canadians of southeastern Quebec , the Old Order Amish of Pennsylvania , and the Cajuns of southern Louisiana , the condition is more common. [2] [1] Approximately 1 in 3,600 Ashkenazi Jews at birth are affected. [2] The disease is named after British ophthalmologist Waren Tay , who in 1881 first described a symptomatic red spot on the retina of the eye; and American neurologist Bernard Sachs , who described in 1887 the cellular changes and noted an increased rate of disease in Ashkenazi Jews. [5] Carriers of a single Tay–Sachs allele are typically normal. [2] It has been hypothesized that being a carrier may confer protection from tuberculosis , explaining the persistence of the allele in certain populations. [6] Researchers are looking at gene therapy or enzyme replacement therapy as possible treatments. [2] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 1.1 Infantile 1.2 Juvenile 1.3 Late-onset 2 Genetics 3 Pathophysiology 4 Diagnosis 5 Prevention 6 Management 7 Outcomes 8 Epidemiology 9 History 10 Society and culture 11 Research directions 11.1 Enzyme replacement therapy 11.2 Jacob sheep model 11.3 Substrate reduction therapy 11.4 Increasing β-hexosaminidase A activity 11.5 Cord blood transplant 12 References 13 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Tay–Sachs disease is typically first noticed in infants around 6 months old displaying an abnormally strong response to sudden noises or other stimuli, known as the "startle response". ... "Typical ophthalmoscopic picture of "cherry-red spot" in an adult with the myoclonic syndrome" . The British Journal of Ophthalmology . 50 (7): 414–420. doi : 10.1136/bjo.50.7.414 .
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Cannabis Use Disorder
Wikipedia
. ^ Livne O, Shmulewitz D, Lev-Ran S, Hasin DS (February 2019). "DSM-5 cannabis withdrawal syndrome: Demographic and clinical correlates in U.S. adults" . ... Dependence Concepts Physical dependence Psychological dependence Withdrawal Disorders Drugs Alcoholism Amphetamine Barbiturate Benzodiazepine Caffeine Cannabis Cocaine Nicotine Opioid Non-drug stimuli Tanning dependence Treatment and management Detoxification Alcohol detoxification Drug detoxification Behavioral therapies Cognitive behavioral therapy Relapse prevention Contingency management Community reinforcement approach and family training Motivational enhancement therapy Motivational interviewing Motivational therapy Physical exercise Treatment programs Drug rehab Residential treatment center Heroin-assisted treatment Intensive outpatient program Methadone maintenance Smoking cessation Nicotine replacement therapy Tobacco cessation clinics in India Twelve-step program Support groups Addiction recovery groups List of twelve-step groups Harm reduction Category:Harm reduction Drug checking Reagent testing Low-threshold treatment programs Managed alcohol program Moderation Management Needle exchange program Responsible drug use Stimulant maintenance Supervised injection site Tobacco harm reduction See also Addiction medicine Allen Carr Category:Addiction Discrimination against drug addicts Dopamine dysregulation syndrome Cognitive control Inhibitory control Motivational salience Incentive salience Sober companion Category v t e Cannabis Outline of cannabis Recreational and medical applications Industrial applications General Autoflowering cannabis Cannabis indica ruderalis sativa Difference between C. indica and C. sativa Consumption Cultivation Etymology ( cannabis , dagga , ganja , ma , marijuana ) Glossary Cannabis strains Synthetic cannabis Usage General Medical cannabis Cannabis product testing History In the US Medical cannabis card Religious and spiritual use Chalice Drug testing Marijuana Anonymous Hemp Hanfparade List of hemp diseases List of hemp products hempcrete jewelry milk oil paper rolling paper List of hemp varieties Hemp for Victory Hemp Industries Association The Emperor Wears No Clothes Variants Cannabis edible Bhang Cannabis tea Cannabis smoking Vaporizing Cannabis concentrate Essential oil Charas Hash oil Hashish Kief Tincture Phytocannabinoids Cannabidiol (CBD) Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Effects Amotivational syndrome Cannabis in pregnancy Cannabis use disorder (CUD) Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) Entourage effect Endocannabinoid system Impaired driving Time perception Long-term effects Occupational health concerns Medical cannabis research Culture 420 Budtender Cannabis Culture Cannabis Social Club Competitions Cookbooks Etiquette Films ( Stoner film ) High Times Music Religion Head shop KBUD-AM (defunct) Operation Overgrow Stoner TV Pro-cannabis organizations ACT ALCP AMMA ASA CBN CCRMG CLEAR CRC DFCR DPA FAAAT FCA GMM LEAP MAPS MPP NCIA NORML SAFER SCC SSDP VMCA Use demographics Adult lifetime use by country Annual use by country Politics General Bootleggers and Baptists Cannabis rights Cannabis activists Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking Effects of legalized cannabis Global Marijuana March Legality of cannabis Legal history in the United States Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 Timeline of cannabis law Major legal reforms Canada: 2018 Cannabis Act UK: Return to class B Uruguay: Law No. 19172 US: Decriminalization of non-medical use Rescheduling per the Controlled Substances Act Hemp Farming Act of 2018 Politicians and parties Cannabis political parties List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use List of American politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use Legal cases Ker v. ... United States (2001) ADPF 187 (2011) Related Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry Cannabis portal Category v t e Psychoactive substance-related disorder General SID Substance intoxication / Drug overdose Substance-induced psychosis Withdrawal : Craving Neonatal withdrawal Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) SUD Substance abuse / Substance-related disorders Physical dependence / Psychological dependence / Substance dependence Combined substance use SUD Polysubstance dependence SID Combined drug intoxication (CDI) Alcohol SID Cardiovascular diseases Alcoholic cardiomyopathy Alcohol flush reaction (AFR) Gastrointestinal diseases Alcoholic liver disease (ALD): Alcoholic hepatitis Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS) Endocrine diseases Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) Nervous system diseases Alcohol-related dementia (ARD) Alcohol intoxication Hangover Neurological disorders Alcoholic hallucinosis Alcoholic polyneuropathy Alcohol-related brain damage Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS): Alcoholic hallucinosis Delirium tremens (DTs) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) Korsakoff syndrome Positional alcohol nystagmus (PAN) Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS, Korsakoff psychosis) Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) Respiratory tract diseases Alcohol-induced respiratory reactions Alcoholic lung disease SUD Alcoholism (alcohol use disorder (AUD)) Binge drinking Caffeine SID Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder Caffeine-induced sleep disorder Caffeinism SUD Caffeine dependence Cannabis SID Cannabis arteritis Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) SUD Amotivational syndrome Cannabis use disorder (CUD) Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder Cocaine SID Cocaine intoxication Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) SUD Cocaine dependence Hallucinogen SID Acute intoxication from hallucinogens (bad trip) Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) Nicotine SID Nicotine poisoning Nicotine withdrawal SUD Nicotine dependence Opioids SID Opioid overdose SUD Opioid use disorder (OUD) Sedative / hypnotic SID Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal) benzodiazepine : SID Benzodiazepine overdose Benzodiazepine withdrawal SUD Benzodiazepine use disorder (BUD) Benzodiazepine dependence barbiturate : SID Barbiturate overdose SUD Barbiturate dependence Stimulants SID Stimulant psychosis amphetamine : SUD Amphetamine dependence Volatile solvent SID Sudden sniffing death syndrome (SSDS) Toluene toxicity SUD Inhalant abuse
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Autoimmune Disease
Wikipedia
These mechanisms are relatively unknown, but are one of the current theories to explain autoimmune diseases triggered by infection such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and rheumatic fever. [32] Pathophysiology [ edit ] The human immune system typically produces both T cells and B cells that are capable of being reactive with self- antigens , but these self-reactive cells are usually either killed prior to becoming active within the immune system, placed into a state of anergy (silently removed from their role within the immune system due to over-activation), or removed from their role within the immune system by regulatory cells. ... External links [ edit ] Autoimmune disorders at Curlie Classification D ICD - 10 : D84.9 , M35.9 ICD - 9-CM : 279.4 OMIM : 109100 MeSH : D001327 DiseasesDB : 28805 External resources MedlinePlus : 000816 v t e Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases Type I / allergy / atopy ( IgE ) Foreign Atopic eczema Allergic urticaria Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever) Allergic asthma Anaphylaxis Food allergy common allergies include: Milk Egg Peanut Tree nut Seafood Soy Wheat Penicillin allergy Autoimmune Eosinophilic esophagitis Type II / ADCC IgM IgG Foreign Hemolytic disease of the newborn Autoimmune Cytotoxic Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris Rheumatic fever Goodpasture syndrome Guillain–Barré syndrome " Type V "/ receptor Graves' disease Myasthenia gravis Pernicious anemia Type III ( Immune complex ) Foreign Henoch–Schönlein purpura Hypersensitivity vasculitis Reactive arthritis Farmer's lung Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Serum sickness Arthus reaction Autoimmune Systemic lupus erythematosus Subacute bacterial endocarditis Rheumatoid arthritis Type IV / cell-mediated ( T cells ) Foreign Allergic contact dermatitis Mantoux test Autoimmune Diabetes mellitus type 1 Hashimoto's thyroiditis Multiple sclerosis Coeliac disease Giant-cell arteritis Postorgasmic illness syndrome Reactive arthritis GVHD Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease Unknown/ multiple Foreign Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Transplant rejection Latex allergy (I+IV) Autoimmune Sjögren syndrome Autoimmune hepatitis Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome APS1 APS2 Autoimmune adrenalitis Systemic autoimmune disease Biology portal Medicine portal Authority control BNE : XX530406 BNF : cb11932402r (data) GND : 4003935-3 LCCN : sh85010076 NDL : 00574748 SUDOC : 027238377
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Short-Term Effects Of Alcohol Consumption
Wikipedia
In the overall Japanese population, about 57% of individuals are homozygous for the normal allele (sometimes termed ALDH2*1), 40% are heterozygous for glu487lys, and 3% are homozygous for glu487lys. [31] Since ALDH2 assembles and functions as a tetramer and since ALDH2 tetramers containing one or more glu487lys proteins are also essentially inactive (i.e. the variant allele behaves as a dominant negative ), homozygote individuals for glu487lys have undetectable while heterozygote individuals for glu487lys have little ALDH2 activity. [32] In consequence, Japanese individuals homozygous or, to only a slightly lesser extent, heterozygous for glu487lys metabolize ethanol to acetaldehyde normally but metabolize acetaldehyde poorly and are susceptible to a set of adverse responses to the ingestion of, and sometimes even the fumes from, ethanol and ethanol-containing beverages; these responses include the transient accumulation of acetaldehyde in blood and tissues; facial flushing (i.e. the "oriental flushing syndrome" or Alcohol flush reaction ), urticaria , systemic dermatitis , and alcohol-induced respiratory reactions (i.e. rhinitis and, primarily in patients with a history of asthma , mild to moderately bronchoconstriction exacerbations of their asthmatic disease. [33] These allergic reaction-like symptoms, which typically occur within 30–60 minutes of ingesting alcoholic beverages, do not appear to reflect the operation of classical IgE - or T cell -related allergen -induced reactions but rather are due, at least in large part, to the action of acetaldehyde in stimulating tissues to release histamine , the probable evoker of these symptoms. [33] [34] The percentages of glu487lys heterozygous plus homozygous genotypes are about 35% in native Caboclo of Brazil, 30% in Chinese, 28% in Koreans, 11% in Thai people , 7% in Malaysians, 3% in natives of India, 3% in Hungarians, and 1% in Filipinos; percentages are essentially 0 in individuals of Native African descent, Caucasians of Western European descent, Turks, Australian Aborigines, Australians of Western European descent, Swedish Lapps, and Alaskan Eskimos. [34] [35] The prevalence of ethanol-induced allergic symptoms in 0 or low levels of glu487lys genotypes commonly ranges above 5%. ... Sulfonic acids : Acamprosate Religion and alcohol Christian views on alcohol alcohol in the Bible Islam and alcohol History Bratt System Related Index of alcohol-related articles Austrian syndrome Ban on caffeinated alcoholic beverages Brief intervention Gateway drug effect Last call Mood disorder Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Self-medication Spins Sober companion Sober living houses Sobering center Town drunk Category
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Hives
Wikipedia
People with hives often have other autoimmune conditions, such as autoimmune thyroiditis , celiac disease , type 1 diabetes , rheumatoid arthritis , Sjögren's syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus . [6] Infections [ edit ] Hive-like rashes commonly accompany viral illnesses, such as the common cold. ... Urticaria photo library at Dermnet Classification D ICD - 10 : L50 ICD - 9-CM : 708 MeSH : D014581 DiseasesDB : 13606 External resources MedlinePlus : 000845 eMedicine : search/Urticaria Patient UK : Hives v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis Squamous-cell carcinoma Basal-cell carcinoma Merkel-cell carcinoma Nevus sebaceous Trichoepithelioma Pigmented Freckles Lentigo Melasma Nevus Melanoma Dermal and subcutaneous Epidermal inclusion cyst Hemangioma Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma) Keloid Lipoma Neurofibroma Xanthoma Kaposi's sarcoma Infantile digital fibromatosis Granular cell tumor Leiomyoma Lymphangioma circumscriptum Myxoid cyst Rashes With epidermal involvement Eczematous Contact dermatitis Atopic dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis Stasis dermatitis Lichen simplex chronicus Darier's disease Glucagonoma syndrome Langerhans cell histiocytosis Lichen sclerosus Pemphigus foliaceus Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome Zinc deficiency Scaling Psoriasis Tinea ( Corporis Cruris Pedis Manuum Faciei ) Pityriasis rosea Secondary syphilis Mycosis fungoides Systemic lupus erythematosus Pityriasis rubra pilaris Parapsoriasis Ichthyosis Blistering Herpes simplex Herpes zoster Varicella Bullous impetigo Acute contact dermatitis Pemphigus vulgaris Bullous pemphigoid Dermatitis herpetiformis Porphyria cutanea tarda Epidermolysis bullosa simplex Papular Scabies Insect bite reactions Lichen planus Miliaria Keratosis pilaris Lichen spinulosus Transient acantholytic dermatosis Lichen nitidus Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta Pustular Acne vulgaris Acne rosacea Folliculitis Impetigo Candidiasis Gonococcemia Dermatophyte Coccidioidomycosis Subcorneal pustular dermatosis Hypopigmented Tinea versicolor Vitiligo Pityriasis alba Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation Tuberous sclerosis Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis Leprosy Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides Without epidermal involvement Red Blanchable Erythema Generalized Drug eruptions Viral exanthems Toxic erythema Systemic lupus erythematosus Localized Cellulitis Abscess Boil Erythema nodosum Carcinoid syndrome Fixed drug eruption Specialized Urticaria Erythema ( Multiforme Migrans Gyratum repens Annulare centrifugum Ab igne ) Nonblanchable Purpura Macular Thrombocytopenic purpura Actinic/solar purpura Papular Disseminated intravascular coagulation Vasculitis Indurated Scleroderma / morphea Granuloma annulare Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus Necrobiosis lipoidica Miscellaneous disorders Ulcers Hair Telogen effluvium Androgenic alopecia Alopecia areata Systemic lupus erythematosus Tinea capitis Loose anagen syndrome Lichen planopilaris Folliculitis decalvans Acne keloidalis nuchae Nail Onychomycosis Psoriasis Paronychia Ingrown nail Mucous membrane Aphthous stomatitis Oral candidiasis Lichen planus Leukoplakia Pemphigus vulgaris Mucous membrane pemphigoid Cicatricial pemphigoid Herpesvirus Coxsackievirus Syphilis Systemic histoplasmosis Squamous-cell carcinoma v t e Urticaria and erythema Urticaria ( acute / chronic ) Allergic urticaria Urticarial allergic eruption Physical urticaria Cold urticaria Familial Primary cold contact urticaria Secondary cold contact urticaria Reflex cold urticaria Heat urticaria Localized heat contact urticaria Solar urticaria Dermatographic urticaria Vibratory angioedema Pressure urticaria Cholinergic urticaria Aquagenic urticaria Other urticaria Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency Adrenergic urticaria Exercise urticaria Galvanic urticaria Schnitzler syndrome Urticaria-like follicular mucinosis Angioedema Episodic angioedema with eosinophilia Hereditary angioedema Erythema Erythema multiforme / drug eruption Erythema multiforme minor Erythema multiforme major Stevens–Johnson syndrome , Toxic epidermal necrolysis panniculitis ( Erythema nodosum ) Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis Figurate erythema Erythema annulare centrifugum Erythema marginatum Erythema migrans Erythema gyratum repens Other erythema Necrolytic migratory erythema Erythema toxicum Erythroderma Palmar erythema Generalized erythema v t e Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases Type I / allergy / atopy ( IgE ) Foreign Atopic eczema Allergic urticaria Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever) Allergic asthma Anaphylaxis Food allergy common allergies include: Milk Egg Peanut Tree nut Seafood Soy Wheat Penicillin allergy Autoimmune Eosinophilic esophagitis Type II / ADCC IgM IgG Foreign Hemolytic disease of the newborn Autoimmune Cytotoxic Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris Rheumatic fever Goodpasture syndrome Guillain–Barré syndrome " Type V "/ receptor Graves' disease Myasthenia gravis Pernicious anemia Type III ( Immune complex ) Foreign Henoch–Schönlein purpura Hypersensitivity vasculitis Reactive arthritis Farmer's lung Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Serum sickness Arthus reaction Autoimmune Systemic lupus erythematosus Subacute bacterial endocarditis Rheumatoid arthritis Type IV / cell-mediated ( T cells ) Foreign Allergic contact dermatitis Mantoux test Autoimmune Diabetes mellitus type 1 Hashimoto's thyroiditis Multiple sclerosis Coeliac disease Giant-cell arteritis Postorgasmic illness syndrome Reactive arthritis GVHD Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease Unknown/ multiple Foreign Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Transplant rejection Latex allergy (I+IV) Autoimmune Sjögren syndrome Autoimmune hepatitis Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome APS1 APS2 Autoimmune adrenalitis Systemic autoimmune disease Authority control GND : 4075291-4 NDL : 00574800HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, IL1B, ALOX5, TNF, IL18, FCER1A, HLA-DPB1, ALB, GSTM1, SELE, VCAM1, ICAM1, HNMT, TGFB1, MPO, NLRP3, FOXP3, NLRC4, GRK6, F12, MVK, PIGT, ERCC5, GJB2, ALDH3A2, MBTPS2, SF3B4, ERCC3, ADGRE2, SLC20A2, GJB6, KIT, ABI3BP, SPINK5, ERCC4, ERCC2, FAS, RASGRP1, FASLG, ELOVL4, SDHC, SDHB, CASP10, PRKCD, CBS, MYD88, WAS, WIPF1, PLCG2, COL1A1, COL5A2, ANTXR2, IFT43, NLRP12, COL5A1, CRP, SERPING1, IL1A, ACE, TPPP, SOD1, KNG1, ITIH4, ADRB2, TMED2, NM, H3P19, CHP1, GZMB, CD63, NRSN1, CD9, CAT, CD68, IGHE, IL6, SERPINA13P, IL31, GSTK1, MIR146A, MAPKAPK3, SYN2, HT, TGFBR3, CCR2, TPO, SLCO6A1, C20orf181, SYK, INA, ARTN, ATOD1, LY96, METAP2, PTPN22, HPGDS, ICOS, SST, MARCHF1, SMOC1, IL24, LRPPRC, TRPM8, IL33, RBM45, IL18BP, ISG15, CREB5, STAT1, ADD2, SOD2, IFNG, HMOX1, HLA-B, HDC, GPX1, FLG, FCGR3B, FCGR3A, F3, E2F1, DGKG, CTSD, CTLA4, CRHR1, CP, COL17A1, CCR5, CD38, CD28, CASP6, CAPS, BST2, CFB, ARSA, AGXT, AGRP, HP, IL2RA, SELP, IL6ST, CCL8, RDX, PTGS2, PTGER1, PLCG1, PLA2G4A, PIK3CG, PIK3CD, PIK3CB, PIK3CA, SERPINA1, PDCD1, PCNA, PAK1, OPRM1, OPRD1, NGF, MEFV, MAP2, LTC4S, ISG20, IRF1, IL13, IL10, CXCL8, TNFRSF11B