Moore developed a new method to identify cancer viruses based on computer subtraction of human sequences from a tumor transcriptome , called digital transcriptome subtraction (DTS). [66] DTS was used to isolate DNA fragments of Merkel cell polyomavirus from a Merkel cell carcinoma and it is now believed that this virus causes 70–80% of these cancers. [22] See also [ edit ] Infectious causes of cancer Carcinogen Oncogenic Oncogene Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma Cancer bacteria Oncolytic virus , a virus that infects and kills cancer cells Gag-onc fusion protein List of infectious diseases References [ edit ] ^ Ferri, Clodoveo (2015). "HCV syndrome: A constellation of organ- and non-organ specific autoimmune disorders, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancer" . ... External links [ edit ] Oncoviruses at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e Microbiology : Virus History Introduction Social history of viruses Virology Components Capsid Viral envelope Viral protein Viral life cycle Viral entry Viral replication Viral shedding Viroplasm Virus latency Genetics Antigenic drift Antigenic shift Phenotype mixing Reassortment Viral evolution By host Animal virus Bacteriophage Virophage Human virome Mycovirus Plant virus ( Plant to Human ) Other Antiviral drug Giant virus Helper virus Viral vector Helper dependent virus Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections Marine viruses Neurotropic virus Oncovirus Satellites Viral disease Viral load Virophage Virus-like particle Virus classification Virus quantification Category Portal common WikiProject v t e Overview of tumors , cancer and oncology Conditions Benign tumors Hyperplasia Cyst Pseudocyst Hamartoma Malignant progression Dysplasia Carcinoma in situ Cancer Metastasis Primary tumor Sentinel lymph node Topography Head and neck ( oral , nasopharyngeal ) Digestive system Respiratory system Bone Skin Blood Urogenital Nervous system Endocrine system Histology Carcinoma Sarcoma Blastoma Papilloma Adenoma Other Precancerous condition Paraneoplastic syndrome Staging / grading TNM Ann Arbor Prostate cancer staging Gleason grading system Dukes classification Carcinogenesis Cancer cell Carcinogen Tumor suppressor genes / oncogenes Clonally transmissible cancer Oncovirus Carcinogenic bacteria Misc. Research Index of oncology articles History Cancer pain Cancer and nausea v t e Infectious diseases – viral systemic diseases Oncovirus DNA virus HBV Hepatocellular carcinoma HPV Cervical cancer Anal cancer Penile cancer Vulvar cancer Vaginal cancer Oropharyngeal cancer KSHV Kaposi's sarcoma EBV Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Burkitt's lymphoma Hodgkin lymphoma Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type MCPyV Merkel-cell carcinoma RNA virus HCV Hepatocellular carcinoma Splenic marginal zone lymphoma HTLV-I Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma Immune disorders HIV AIDS Central nervous system Encephalitis / meningitis DNA virus Human polyomavirus 2 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy RNA virus MeV Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis LCV Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Arbovirus encephalitis Orthomyxoviridae (probable) Encephalitis lethargica RV Rabies Chandipura vesiculovirus Herpesviral meningitis Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2 Myelitis Poliovirus Poliomyelitis Post-polio syndrome HTLV-I Tropical spastic paraparesis Eye Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus retinitis HSV Herpes of the eye Cardiovascular CBV Pericarditis Myocarditis Respiratory system / acute viral nasopharyngitis / viral pneumonia DNA virus Epstein–Barr virus EBV infection / Infectious mononucleosis Cytomegalovirus RNA virus IV : Human coronavirus 229E / NL63 / HKU1 / OC43 Common cold MERS coronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome SARS coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS coronavirus 2 Coronavirus disease 2019 V , Orthomyxoviridae : Influenza virus A / B / C / D Influenza / Avian influenza V, Paramyxoviridae : Human parainfluenza viruses Parainfluenza Human orthopneumovirus hMPV Human digestive system Pharynx / Esophagus MuV Mumps Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus esophagitis Gastroenteritis / diarrhea DNA virus Adenovirus Adenovirus infection RNA virus Rotavirus Norovirus Astrovirus Coronavirus Hepatitis DNA virus HBV ( B ) RNA virus CBV HAV ( A ) HCV ( C ) HDV ( D ) HEV ( E ) HGV ( G ) Pancreatitis CBV Urogenital BK virus MuV Mumps Viruses portal
S. (1994). "Phantom limbs, neglect syndromes, repressed memories, and Freudian psychology". ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : F65.0 , F65.1 ICD - 9-CM : 302.81 MeSH : D005329 v t e Sexual fetishism Actions, states Aquaphilia Autassassinophilia Coprophilia Cuckold / Cuckquean Emetophilia Erotic hypnosis Erotic lactation Erotic spanking Exhibitionism Forced seduction Gaining and feeding Medical fetishism Omorashi Paraphilic infantilism (adult baby) Pregnancy Smoking Tickling Total enclosure Transvestic Tightlacing Tamakeri Urolagnia Vorarephilia Wet and messy fetishism Body parts Armpit Breast Belly Buttocks Eyeball Fat Feet Hands Height Hair Legs Navels Noses Clothing Boots Ballet boots Boot worship Thigh-high boots Clothing Corset Diapers Gloves Pantyhose Latex Rubber and PVC Shoes Spandex Underwear Uniforms Objects Balloons Dolls Latex and PVC Robots Spandex Controversial / illegal Lust murder Necrophilia Rape fantasy Zoophilia Culture / media Artists Fetish art Fetish clubs Fashion Magazines Models Race Asian sexual fetishism Ethnic pornography Sexual 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The amphibian host and even the environment can be augmented with probiotic bacteria that express anti-fungal metabolites that can fight B. dendrobatidis . [58] An example of probiotic application is in the species Rana muscosa in Sierra Nevada; individuals treated with the probiotic J. lividum exhibited greater survival and lower B. dendrobatidis loads compared to untreated controls. [59] [60] and endemic frog species, the Beysehir frog in Turkey ( Pelophylax caralitanus ). [61] See also [ edit ] Emerging infectious diseases White nose syndrome Gastric-brooding frog Golden toad Guajira stubfoot toad Rabb's Fringe-limbed Treefrog Holocene extinction References [ edit ] ^ Channing A, Howell K, Loader S, Menegon M, Poynton J (2009). " Nectophrynoides asperginis " .
Genetic predisposition to rheumatic fever has intrigued investigators since Cheadle (1889) first noted the familial aggregation of rheumatic fever. Wilson et al. (1943) suggested that susceptibility might be an autosomal recessive trait. Taranta et al. (1959) suggested reduced penetrance because of a low concordance in monozygotic twins. Patarroyo et al. (1979) found that a serum from a multiparous woman identified a novel B-cell alloantigen marker, 883, in persons previously identified as having had rheumatic fever with or without subsequent rheumatic heart disease. They found that 71% of patients typed in New York and 74% of patients typed in Bogota expressed this antigen on their B cells as compared with only 17% in the 2 disease-free control groups tested.
Rheumatic fever (RF) is a multisystem inflammatory disease occurring as a post-infectious, nonsuppurative sequela of untreated streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus [GAS]) pharyngitis, and mainly occurs in individuals aged 5 to 15 years. The most common presenting signs are fever, migratory polyarthritis and carditis. Epidemiology The incidence of RF in industrialized countries, due to sporadic outbreaks, is typically less than 1/20, 000 individuals. In the developing world, the annual incidence is at least 100 times higher with some reports of > 1/200 individuals in select subpopulations, such as Australian Aboriginals. RF remains a major cause of acquired cardiac morbidity and mortality among people under 50 years of age.
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory condition that may develop after infection with group A Streptococcus bacteria, such as strep throat or scarlet fever . It is primarily diagnosed in children between the ages of 6 and 16 and can affect the heart, joints, nervous system and/or skin. Early signs and symptoms include sore throat; swollen red tonsils; fever; headache; and/or muscle and joint aches. Some affected people develop rheumatic heart disease, which can lead to serious inflammation and scarring of the heart valves. It is not clear why some people who are infected with group A Streptococcus bacteria go on to develop rheumatic fever, while others do not; however, it appears that some families may have a genetic susceptibility to develop the condition.
Overview Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop when strep throat or scarlet fever isn't properly treated. Strep throat and scarlet fever are caused by an infection with streptococcus (strep-toe-KOK-us) bacteria. Rheumatic fever most often affects children ages 5 to 15. But it can develop in younger children and adults. Although strep throat is common, rheumatic fever is rare in the United States and other developed countries. Rheumatic fever can cause permanent damage to the heart, including damaged heart valves and heart failure.
A surgical tourniquet prevents blood flow to the limb. [33] The skin is often opened with a zig-zag incision but straight incisions with or without Z-plasty are also described and may reduce damage to neurovascular bundles. [34] All diseased cords and fascia are excised. [30] [31] [33] The excision has to be very precise to spare the neurovascular bundles. [33] Because not all the diseased tissue is visible macroscopically , complete excision is uncertain. [31] A 20-year review of surgical complications associated with fasciectomy showed that major complications occurred in 15.7% of cases, including digital nerve injury (3.4%), digital artery injury (2%), infection (2.4%), hematoma (2.1%), and complex regional pain syndrome (5.5%), in addition to minor complications including painful flare reactions in 9.9% of cases and wound healing complications in 22.9% of cases. [35] After the tissue is removed the incision is closed. ... Retrieved March 23, 2017 . ^ a b Drug Approved to Treat Hand-Crippling Syndrome Archived 2010-04-09 at the Wayback Machine , Delthia Ricks, Chicago Tribune , March 17, 2010. ^ Spencer Leigh (2015). ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : M72.0 ICD - 9-CM : 728.6 OMIM : 126900 MeSH : D004387 DiseasesDB : 4011 External resources MedlinePlus : 001233 eMedicine : med/592 orthoped/81 plastic/299 pmr/42 derm/774 Patient UK : Dupuytren's contracture v t e Soft tissue disorders Capsular joint Synoviopathy Synovitis / Tenosynovitis Calcific tendinitis Stenosing tenosynovitis Trigger finger De Quervain syndrome Transient synovitis Ganglion cyst osteochondromatosis Synovial osteochondromatosis Plica syndrome villonodular synovitis Giant-cell tumor of the tendon sheath Bursopathy Bursitis Olecranon Prepatellar Trochanteric Subacromial Achilles Retrocalcaneal Ischial Iliopsoas Synovial cyst Baker's cyst Calcific bursitis Noncapsular joint Symptoms Ligamentous laxity Hypermobility Enthesopathy / Enthesitis / Tendinopathy upper limb Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder Impingement syndrome Rotator cuff tear Golfer's elbow Tennis elbow lower limb Iliotibial band syndrome Patellar tendinitis Achilles tendinitis Calcaneal spur Metatarsalgia Bone spur other/general: Tendinitis / Tendinosis Nonjoint Fasciopathy Fasciitis : Plantar Nodular Necrotizing Eosinophilic Fibromatosis / contracture Dupuytren's contracture Plantar fibromatosis Aggressive fibromatosis Knuckle pads
Overview Dupuytren contracture is a painless condition that causes one or more fingers to bend toward the palm of the hand. The affected fingers can't straighten completely. Knots of tissue form under the skin. They eventually create a thick cord that can pull the fingers into a bent position. The condition gradually gets worse with time. Dupuytren contracture most often affects the two fingers farthest from the thumb. This can complicate everyday activities such as placing your hands in your pockets, putting on gloves or shaking hands.
Dry mouth and dry eyes similar to Sjögren's syndrome may occur. In the late stages, jaundice , generalised edema , oliguria , neuropathy , fever, convulsions, and eventual death are frequently seen. [8] A child presenting a "scorbutic tongue" due to vitamin C deficiency. ... The genomes of these species contain GULO as pseudogenes , which serve as insight into the evolutionary past of the species. [82] [83] [84] Name [ edit ] In babies, scurvy is sometimes referred to as Barlow's disease , named after Thomas Barlow , [85] a British physician who described it in 1883. [86] However, Barlow's disease may also refer to mitral valve prolapse (Barlow's syndrome), first described by John Brereton Barlow in 1966. [87] References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Scurvy" . ... An auscultatory-electrocardiographic syndrome". American Heart Journal . 71 (2): 166–78. doi : 10.1016/0002-8703(66)90179-7 . ... Classification D ICD - 10 : E54 ICD - 9-CM : 267 OMIM : 240400 MeSH : D012614 DiseasesDB : 13930 External resources MedlinePlus : 000355 eMedicine : med/2086 derm/521 ped/2073 radio/628 v t e Malnutrition Protein-energy malnutrition Kwashiorkor Marasmus Catabolysis Vitamin deficiency B vitamins B 1 Beriberi Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome Wernicke's encephalopathy Korsakoff's syndrome B 2 Riboflavin deficiency B 3 Pellagra B 6 Pyridoxine deficiency B 7 Biotin deficiency B 9 Folate deficiency B 12 Vitamin B 12 deficiency Other A: Vitamin A deficiency Bitot's spots C: Scurvy D: Vitamin D deficiency Rickets Osteomalacia Harrison's groove E: Vitamin E deficiency K: Vitamin K deficiency Mineral deficiency Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium Iron Zinc Manganese Copper Iodine Chromium Molybdenum Selenium Keshan disease Growth Delayed milestone Failure to thrive Short stature Idiopathic General Anorexia Weight loss Cachexia Underweight Authority control BNE : XX529929 BNF : cb123371089 (data) GND : 4232112-8 LCCN : sh85119180 NDL : 00564577
Complications [ edit ] Complications following medical abortion with mifepristone and misprostol under 10 weeks pregnancy are rare; according to two large reviews, bleeding requiring a blood transfusion occurred in 0.03-0.6% of women and serious infection in 0.01-0.5%. [4] [5] Because infection is rare after medication abortion, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), The Society of Family Planning (SFP), and NAF do not recommend use of routine antibiotics. [29] [9] A few rare cases of deaths from clostridial toxic shock syndrome have occurred following medical abortions. [30] Pharmacology [ edit ] Mifepristone blocks the hormone progesterone, [31] [32] causing the lining of the uterus to thin and preventing the embryo from staying implanted and growing.
Although prominent defenders of the method asserted during 1995 and 1996 that it was used only or mostly in acute medical circumstances, lobbyist Ron Fitzsimmons, executive director of the National Coalition of Abortion Providers (a trade association of abortion providers), told The New York Times (February 26, 1997): "In the vast majority of cases, the procedure is performed on a healthy mother with a healthy fetus that is 20 weeks or more along." [33] Some prominent pro-life advocates quickly defended the accuracy of Fitzsimmons's statements, [34] whilst others condemned Fitzsimmons as self-serving. [35] In support of the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, a nurse who witnessed three intact D&E procedures found them deeply disturbing, and described one performed on a 26½-week fetus with Down syndrome in testimony before a Judiciary subcommittee of the US House of Representatives. [36] A journalist observed three intact and two non-intact D&E procedures involving fetuses ranging from 19 to 23 weeks.
Section 11 states that "a qualified health practitioner may provide abortion services to a woman who is more than 20 weeks pregnant only if the health practitioner reasonably believes that the abortion is appropriate in the circumstances..." [59] The Down Syndrome advocacy group "Saving Downs" and disability advocates objected to Section 11 on the grounds that would facilitate the termination of babies with disabilities right through to birth. [60] [61] Both ALRANZ and Family Planning have welcomed the proposed changes but criticized the 20-week limit. [62] [63] [64] [65] By contrast, conservative lobby group Family First New Zealand criticized the Government's abortion law reform as "radical... and anti-human rights." [66] Labour and its coalition partner New Zealand First engaged in several months of negotiations discussing the legislation.
Rash occurs in 40–50% of cases, generally as a maculopapular rash occurring two to five days after onset of symptoms. [9] Digestive symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea , vomiting or diarrhea , may also occur. [9] [10] [15] In more than half of cases, normal activity is limited by significant fatigue and pain. [9] Infrequently, inflammation of the eyes may occur in the form of iridocyclitis , or uveitis , and retinal lesions may occur. [16] Temporary damage to the liver may occur. [17] Rarely, neurological disorders have been reported in association with Chikungunya virus , including Guillain–Barré syndrome , palsies , meningoencephalitis , flaccid paralysis and neuropathy . [10] In contrast to dengue fever , Chikungunya fever very rarely causes hemorrhagic complications. ... "Chikungunya fever: epidemiology, clinical syndrome, pathogenesis and therapy" . Antiviral Research . 99 (3): 345–70. doi : 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.06.009 . ... PMID 25760632 . ^ Fourie ED, Morrison JG (July 1979). "Rheumatoid arthritic syndrome after chikungunya fever". South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Geneeskunde . 56 (4): 130–2.
A rare infectious disease characterized by acute onset of high fever associated with debilitating polyarthralgia and usually accompanied by an erythematous skin rash (that may progress to vesiculobullous lesions in children) caused by the mosquitoe-borne Chikungunya virus. Myalgia, severe headache, and lymphadenopathy are frequently associated. Chronically the disease may cause recurrent, long-term polyarthralgia, arthritis, fatigue, and depression.
See also [ edit ] Confabulation Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome References [ edit ] ^ Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary ^ Rose, M. ... Sulfonic acids : Acamprosate Religion and alcohol Christian views on alcohol alcohol in the Bible Islam and alcohol History Bratt System Related Index of alcohol-related articles Austrian syndrome Ban on caffeinated alcoholic beverages Brief intervention Gateway drug effect Last call Mood disorder Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Self-medication Spins Sober companion Sober living houses Sobering center Town drunk Category v t e Human memory Basic concepts Encoding Storage Recall Attention Consolidation Neuroanatomy Types Sensory Echoic Eidetic Eyewitness Haptic Iconic Motor learning Visual Short-term " The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two " Working memory Intermediate Long-term Active recall Autobiographical Explicit Declarative Episodic Semantic Flashbulb Hyperthymesia Implicit Meaningful learning Personal-event Procedural Rote learning Selective retention Tip of the tongue Forgetting Amnesia anterograde childhood post-traumatic psychogenic retrograde transient global Decay theory Forgetting curve Interference theory Memory inhibition Motivated forgetting Repressed memory Retrieval-induced forgetting Selective amnesia Weapon focus Memory errors Confabulation False memory Hindsight bias Imagination inflation List of memory biases Memory conformity Mere-exposure effect Misattribution of memory Misinformation effect Source-monitoring error Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome Research Art of memory Memory and aging Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm Exceptional memory Indirect tests of memory Lost in the mall technique Memory disorder Memory implantation Methods used to study memory The Seven Sins of Memory Effects of exercise on memory In society Collective memory Cultural memory False memory syndrome Memory and social interactions Memory sport Politics of memory Shas Pollak World Memory Championships Related topics Absent-mindedness Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model Context-dependent memory Childhood memory Cryptomnesia Effects of alcohol Emotion and memory Exosomatic memory Flashbacks Free recall Involuntary memory Levels-of-processing effect Memory and trauma Memory improvement Metamemory Mnemonic Muscle memory Priming Intertrial Prospective memory Recovered-memory therapy Retrospective memory Sleep and memory State-dependent memory Transactive memory People Robert A.
Dental trauma often lead to the main complication such as pulpal necrosis, and it's nearly impossible to predict the long-term prognosis of the injured tooth and often results in long term restorative problems. [49] [50] [51] See also [ edit ] Medicine portal Dental barotrauma Cracked tooth syndrome References [ edit ] ^ Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth , Fourth Edition, edited by Andreason J, Andreasen F, and Andersson L, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2007 ^ a b c "Permanent teeth – Dental Trauma Guide" .
Very rare complications involve neurologic conditions such as the cauda equina syndrome . [39] [40] Mortality [ edit ] Mortality is increased in people with AS and circulatory disease is the most frequent cause of death. [41] People with AS have an increased risk of 60% for cerebrovascular mortality, and an overall increased risk of 50% for vascular mortality. [42] About one third of those with ankylosing spondylitis have severe disease, which reduces life expectancy. [43] As increased mortality in ankylosing spondylitis is related to disease severity, factors negatively affecting outcomes include: [41] [44] Male sex [45] Plus 3 of the following in the first 2 years of disease: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) >30 mm/h Unresponsive to NSAIDs Limitation of lumbar spine range of motion Sausage-like fingers or toes Oligoarthritis Onset <16 years old Gait [ edit ] The hunched position that often results from complete spinal fusion can have an effect on a person's gait . ... ISBN 978-0-7817-6490-2 . ^ Ahn NU, Ahn UM, Nallamshetty L, Springer BD, Buchowski JM, Funches L, et al. (October 2001). "Cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome): meta-analysis of outcomes after medical and surgical treatments". ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : M08.1 , M45 ICD - 9-CM : 720.0 OMIM : 106300 MeSH : D013167 DiseasesDB : 728 External resources MedlinePlus : 000420 eMedicine : radio/41 Patient UK : Ankylosing spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis at Curlie Questions and Answers about Ankylosing Spondylitis - US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases v t e Diseases of joints General Arthritis Monoarthritis Oligoarthritis Polyarthritis Symptoms Joint pain Joint stiffness Inflammatory Infectious Septic arthritis Tuberculosis arthritis Crystal Chondrocalcinosis CPPD (Psudogout) Gout Seronegative Reactive arthritis Psoriatic arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Other Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Felty's syndrome Palindromic rheumatism Adult-onset Still's disease Noninflammatory Hemarthrosis Osteoarthritis Heberden's node Bouchard's nodes Osteophyte v t e Spinal disease Deforming Spinal curvature Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis Other Scheuermann's disease Torticollis Spondylopathy inflammatory Spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis Sacroiliitis Discitis Spondylodiscitis Pott disease non inflammatory Spondylosis Spondylolysis Spondylolisthesis Retrolisthesis Spinal stenosis Facet syndrome Back pain Neck pain Upper back pain Low back pain Coccydynia Sciatica Radiculopathy Intervertebral disc disorder Schmorl's nodes Degenerative disc disease Spinal disc herniation Facet joint arthrosis v t e Medicine Specialties and subspecialties Surgery Cardiac surgery Cardiothoracic surgery Colorectal surgery Eye surgery General surgery Neurosurgery Oral and maxillofacial surgery Orthopedic surgery Hand surgery Otolaryngology ENT Pediatric surgery Plastic surgery Reproductive surgery Surgical oncology Transplant surgery Trauma surgery Urology Andrology Vascular surgery Internal medicine Allergy / Immunology Angiology Cardiology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Hepatology Geriatrics Hematology Hospital medicine Infectious disease Nephrology Oncology Pulmonology Rheumatology Obstetrics and gynaecology Gynaecology Gynecologic oncology Maternal–fetal medicine Obstetrics Reproductive endocrinology and infertility Urogynecology Diagnostic Radiology Interventional radiology Nuclear medicine Pathology Anatomical Clinical pathology Clinical chemistry Cytopathology Medical microbiology Transfusion medicine Other Addiction medicine Adolescent medicine Anesthesiology Dermatology Disaster medicine Diving medicine Emergency medicine Mass gathering medicine Family medicine General practice Hospital medicine Intensive care medicine Medical genetics Narcology Neurology Clinical neurophysiology Occupational medicine Ophthalmology Oral medicine Pain management Palliative care Pediatrics Neonatology Physical medicine and rehabilitation PM&R Preventive medicine Psychiatry Addiction psychiatry Radiation oncology Reproductive medicine Sexual medicine Sleep medicine Sports medicine Transplantation medicine Tropical medicine Travel medicine Venereology Medical education Medical school Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery Bachelor of Medical Sciences Master of Medicine Master of Surgery Doctor of Medicine Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine MD–PhD Related topics Alternative medicine Allied health Dentistry Podiatry Pharmacy Physiotherapy Molecular oncology Nanomedicine Personalized medicine Public health Rural health Therapy Traditional medicine Veterinary medicine Physician Chief physician History of medicine Book Category Commons Wikiproject Portal Outline Authority control The LNB id 298668 is not valid.
Overview Ankylosing spondylitis, also known as axial spondyloarthritis, is an inflammatory disease that, over time, can cause some of the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, to fuse. This fusing makes the spine less flexible and can result in a hunched posture. If ribs are affected, it can be difficult to breathe deeply. Ankylosing spondylitis As ankylosing spondylitis worsens, new bone forms as part of the body's attempt to heal. The new bone gradually bridges the gaps between vertebrae and eventually fuses sections of vertebrae together. Fused vertebrae can flatten the natural curves of the spine, which causes an inflexible, hunched posture.
In addition, if a child (or presumably an adult) seems to be getting better and then relapses with a high fever, that is a danger sign since this relapse can be bacterial pneumonia. [41] Sometimes, influenza may have abnormal presentations, like confusion in the elderly and a sepsis -like syndrome in the young. [42] Emergency warning signs Shortness of breath Chest pain Dizziness Confusion Extreme vomiting Flu symptoms that improve but then relapse with a high fever and severe cough (can be bacterial pneumonia) Cyanosis High fever and a rash . ... One is called a Rapid Molecular Assay, when an upper respiratory tract specimen (mucus) is taken using a nasal swab or a nasopharyngeal swab . [153] It should be done within 3–4 days of symptom onset, as upper respiratory viral shedding takes a downward spiral after that. [42] Treatment Main article: Influenza treatment People with the flu are advised to get plenty of rest, drink plenty of liquids, avoid using alcohol and tobacco and, if necessary, take medications such as acetaminophen ( paracetamol ) to relieve the fever and muscle aches associated with the flu. [154] [155] In contrast, there is not enough evidence to support corticosteroids as additional therapy for influenza. [156] It is advised to avoid close contact with others to prevent spread of infection. [154] [155] Children and teenagers with flu symptoms (particularly fever) should avoid taking aspirin during an influenza infection (especially influenza type B ), because doing so can lead to Reye's syndrome , a rare but potentially fatal disease of the liver . [157] Since influenza is caused by a virus, antibiotics have no effect on the infection, but may be prescribed for secondary infections such as bacterial pneumonia . ... People over 65 years old, pregnant women, very young children and people of any age with chronic medical conditions are more likely to get complications from influenza, such as pneumonia, bronchitis , sinus , and ear infections . [174] Neurological complications Influenza encephalitis MRI In some cases, an autoimmune response to an influenza infection may contribute to the development of Guillain–Barré syndrome . [175] However, as many other infections can increase the risk of this disease, influenza may only be an important cause during epidemics. [175] [176] This syndrome has been believed to also be a rare side effect of influenza vaccines.
"Longitudinal follow-up of autism spectrum features and sensory behaviors in Angelman syndrome by deletion class". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines . 53 (2): 152–9. doi : 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02455.x . ... An ecological model of sensory modulation: Performance of children with fragile X syndrome, autistic disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and sensory modulation dysfunction (PDF) . ... 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The increasing inequality gap between the higher and lower income populations continues in countries such as Canada, despite the availability of health care for everyone. [37] Alzheimer's disease and other dementias [ edit ] Dementia is a chronic syndrome which is characterized by deterioration in the thought process beyond what is expected from normal aging.
SIV jumped from primates to humans several times, although the primary strain of HIV responsible for the global pandemic, HIV-1 group M , is traceable to the region surrounding Kinshasha , [11] likely having initially crossed from chimpanzees around 1920. [12] From there, it spread to the Caribbean around 1967, proceeding to establish itself in New York City and San Francisco circa 1971 and 1976, respectively. [13] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognized unusual outbreaks of opportunistic infections among gay men in 1981, [14] [15] and the disease was initially referred to as Gay-related immune deficiency (GRID) , although it was quickly understood to also infect heterosexuals as well. [16] In 1982, the CDC adopted the name "acquired immune deficiency syndrome" (AIDS). [17] By the end of 1984, 7,699 cases of AIDS and 3,665 deaths had been recorded in America, with an additional cases 762 in Europe. ... A number of other TCM supplements are under clinical trial reviews, but have not yet met NMPA standards. [129] TCM research efforts are primarily focused on lessening the side affects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and protecting against opportunistic infections. [ citation needed ] Extracts of TCM medicines have served as bases for trials of antiviral therapies, including baicalin [130] and Dantonic . [131] A group of nine HIV/AIDS patients in 2017 were reported to have been functionally cured through TCM treatments, [132] but these trials lacked controlled, regular observations. [133] A 2018 study suggested substantive differences in protein expression and signaling in certain TCM-identified syndromes for those with HIV/AIDS. [134] Controlled studies have yet to demonstrate any effect on long-term survival among HIV/AIDS patients, however, its validity is difficult to discern, and research is lacking on the interactions between Western and Traditional Chinese pharmacological products. [135] [136] Activism [ edit ] See also: Censorship in China In China, like elsewhere, HIV/AIDS activists have played an important role in promoting public awareness and education about the disease, helping to prevent discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS and highlighting factors which may impede efforts to check the spread of the disease. ... "CLUE FOUND ON HOMOSEXUALS' PRECANCER SYNDROME" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 February 2020 . ... ["In order to guard against the entry of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) into the country, the Ministry of Health, with the General Administration of Customs and the Ministry of Trade and Foreign Economic Cooperation, disseminated the joint Health Notice (84) No. 22 limiting the import of foreign blood products.