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Transneuronal Degeneration
Wikipedia
There are varying causes for transneuronal degeneration such as brain lesions , disconnection syndromes, respiratory chain deficient neuron interaction, and lobectomies. ... It is hypothesized that anterograde transneuronal degeneration causes the hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein and redistributing those proteins from the axon to the dendrites, which begins the breakdown of routing and sorting mechanisms. [7] Cockayne syndrome [ edit ] Cockayne syndrome results from a mutation in genes that interfere with transcription-coupled repair of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA , replication , and transcription . ... In addition cortico spinal tract lesions do not cause anterograde transneuronal degeneration of spinal anterior horn cells . [9] Disconnection syndrome [ edit ] Disconnection syndromes, defined as any neurologic disorder caused by an interruption in impulse transmission along cerebral fiber pathways, [12] can cause white matter brain lesions, leading to secondary neuronal loss and transneuronal degeneration. ... CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) ^ Dickson, Dennis W., Rapin, Isabelle , Weidenheim, and Karen M. (2009). "Neuropathology of Cockayne syndrome: Evidence for impaired development, premature aging, and neurodegeneration" . ... CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) ^ "Deafferentation" . ^ "Disconnection syndrome" . ^ Devinsky, O. (2005). "The myth of silent cortex and the morbidity of epileptogenic tissue: Implications for temporal lobectomy" .
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Grandiose Delusions
Wikipedia
Anatomical aspects [ edit ] Grandiose delusions may be related to lesions of the frontal lobe . [16] Temporal lobe lesions have been mainly reported in patients with delusions of persecution and of guilt , while frontal and frontotemporal involvement have been described in patients with grandiose delusions, Cotard’s syndrome , and delusional misidentification syndrome . [17] Diagnosis [ edit ] Patients with a wide range of mental disorders which disturb brain function experience different kinds of delusions , including grandiose delusions. [18] Grandiose delusions usually occur in patients with syndromes associated with secondary mania , such as Huntington's disease , [19] Parkinson's disease , [20] and Wilson's disease . [21] Secondary mania has also been caused by substances such as L-DOPA and isoniazid which modify the monoaminergic neurotransmitter function. [22] Vitamin B12 deficiency , [23] uremia , [24] hyperthyroidism [25] as well as the carcinoid syndrome [26] have been found to cause secondary mania , and thus grandiose delusions. ... PMID 19365594 . ^ Tonkonogy, Joseph M; Tonkonogiĭ, TM; Puente, AE (2009). "5 Disturbances in the Recognition of the Social World". Localization of Clinical Syndromes in Neuropsychology and Neuroscience . ... Temporal lobe lesions have been primarily reported in patients with delusions of persecution and of guilt, while frontal and frontotemporal involvement have described [sic] in patients with grandiose delusions, Cotard’s syndrome, and delusional misidentification syndrome. ^ Cummings, Jeffrey L. (1985). ... PMID 3156653 . ^ McHugh, P.R; Folstein, M.F (1975). "Psychiatric syndromes in Huntington's chorea". Psychiatric Aspectes of Neurological Disease . ^ Bromberg, W. (1930). ... PMID 10837879 . ^ Stompe, T.; et al. (2007). "Paranoid-hallucinatory syndromes in schizophrenia results of the international study on psychotic symptoms".
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Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Wikipedia
Men are about 2 times as likely to develop FSGS as compared with women. [11] See also [ edit ] Glomerulonephritis Nephrotic syndrome References [ edit ] ^ "focal segmental glomerulosclerosis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary . ^ a b c d e f Rosenberg, Avi Z.; Kopp, Jeffrey B. (2017-03-07). ... Changing etiologies of unexplained adult nephrotic syndrome: a comparison of renal biopsy findings from 1976-1979 and 1995-1997. ... PMID: 27165817. ^ Wang CS, Greenbaum LA. Nephrotic Syndrome. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2019 Feb;66(1):73-85. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.08.006. ... Nephrin mutations can cause childhood-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Oct;19(10):1871-8. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008010059. ... NPHS2, encoding the glomerular protein podocin, is mutated in autosomal recessive steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Nat Genet. 2000 Apr;24(4):349-54. doi: 10.1038/74166.TRPC6, INF2, AGT, NPHS2, ACTN4, CD2AP, APOL1, SERPINE1, PAX2, CRB2, MYO1E, ANLN, MYH9, SGPL1, NPHS1, SYNPO, TGFB1, EDN1, ZMPSTE24, COL4A5, NXF5, LMX1B, ARHGAP24, CCN2, LMNA, MPV17, NOS2, PCNA, FN1, E2F3, ACTA2, GNAQ, HAVCR1, SPP1, MYH10, COL4A1, AGTR1, MMP9, MMP2, LIPC, AGTR2, CASP9, ANGPT2, VLDLR, LPL, ACTR3, PIAS1, WT1, REN, PLCE1, SMARCAL1, COQ6, NUP107, PTPRO, TBC1D8B, ITGA3, COQ8B, SCARB2, CLCNKB, NARS2, NUP160, NUP205, WDR73, SLC12A3, NUP133, COL4A4, NUP93, ACTB, SEC61A1, VPS33A, CLCN5, IGAN1, TRIM8, G6PC, SLC37A4, ACE, NUP85, COL4A3, CD44, VEGFA, TNF, TRPC5, CCL2, POMC, PODXL, TBPL1, TYRP1, ALB, RAC1, NFE2L2, BAX, CAMK4, CCR2, APOE, KRT20, MAPK1, MS4A1, PON1, PLG, CD80, TLR4, MAPK3, IL10, MTOR, MIR193A, CYP11B2, LAMB2, HLA-A, IL1A, IL1B, UBD, HPSE, C1QL1, NES, CHP1, GDF15, POLDIP2, MAFB, AHSA1, SIRT1, YAP1, RAPGEF5, BMS1, RNF19A, PLA2R1, MLYCD, DDN, KEAP1, PTPRU, MMRN1, SERPINA3, SMPDL3B, SIRPA, CNKSR3, RHOV, SDK1, THSD7A, NPNT, NPHP4, LINC01193, MIR106A, MIR150, MIR155, MIR19B1, MIR200C, MIR30A, MIR34C, HNP1, MIR451A, MIR490, MIR663A, KTWS, MIR1225, MIR1915, PLB1, HT, IGKV3-7, PLEKHH2, IL22, DERL2, ATL1, ZDHHC2, WT1-AS, SNX9, NBAS, ADA2, KIRREL1, FBXW7, PLXNA3, RPL23, PDSS2, TMEM63C, VANGL2, RBPJP4, PDLIM2, HHIP, TTC21B, ALG13, STRIP1, GRAP2, CCL19, KLF4, CFH, DMPK, ECT2, EGF, ENPEP, EPHB2, EYA1, F2RL1, GABPA, GH1, CXCL1, HLA-DQA1, MAGI1, HMOX1, HP, HTC2, IL1R1, IL6, IL18, ILK, ITGAE, ITGB1, LAMA5, CTLA4, VCAN, CSF2, MAPK14, ANK3, FASLG, B2M, BAK1, BCL2, BCL2L1, BSG, C3AR1, CALB2, CD9, CD40, CD40LG, CDC42, COL1A1, COL8A1, COL8A2, KLF6, COX10, CP, CRH, CRK, LAMC2, LCN2, LPA, ACACA, SLC5A2, SLC12A1, SNRPB, TAGLN, HNF1B, TGFBR2, TIMP1, TLR2, TYRO3, UBA52, KDM6A, VASP, YWHAZ, PAX8, CXCR4, MANF, AIMP2, CUBN, CASK, NRP2, PDLIM1, SELP, SCN7A, SMAD7, S100A4, MMP14, MTHFR, TRNL1, MUC1, MYH1, NAGLU, RPL10A, NEFH, NOS1, NOTCH1, NPHP1, PKD1, PKD2, PLA2G1B, PLAU, PLCG1, PPARG, PTPRC, RAP1GAP, RARA, RPL17, LOC105374325
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Hypercoagulability In Pregnancy
Wikipedia
Complications [ edit ] Hypercoagulability in pregnancy, particularly due to inheritable thrombophilia, can lead to placental vascular thrombosis. [7] This can in turn lead to complications like early-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy , pre-eclampsia and small for gestational age infants (SGA). [7] Among other causes of hypercoagulability, Antiphospholipid syndrome has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including recurrent miscarriage . [8] Deep vein thrombosis has an incidence of one in 1,000 to 2,000 pregnancies in the United States, [2] and is the second most common cause of maternal death in developed countries after bleeding. [9] Prevention [ edit ] Main article: Thrombosis prophylaxis Unfractionated heparin , low molecular weight heparin , warfarin (not to be used during pregnancy) and aspirin remain the basis of antithrombotic treatment and prophylaxis both before and during pregnancy. [10] While the consensus among physicians is the safety of the mother supersedes the safety of the developing fetus , changes in the anticoagulation regimen during pregnancy can be performed to minimize the risks to the developing fetus while maintaining therapeutic levels of anticoagulants in the mother. ... In addition to these indications, anticoagulation may be of benefit in individuals with lupus erythematosus , individuals who have a history of DVT or PE associated with a previous pregnancy, and even with individuals with a history of coagulation factor deficiencies and DVT not associated with a previous pregnancy. [14] In pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage , anticoagulation seems to increase the live birth rate among those with antiphospholipid syndrome and perhaps those with congenital thrombophilia but not in those with unexplained recurrent miscarriage. [15] Strategies [ edit ] A consensus on the correct anticoagulation regimen during pregnancy is lacking. ... One example from Sweden is based on the point system below, where points are summed to give the appropriate prophylaxis regimen. [9] Points Risk factors 1 point Minor factors Heterozygous for factor V Leiden mutation Heterozygous for factor II mutation Overweight , in this case defined as a BMI > 28 at early pregnancy [9] Caesarean section DVT heredity in a first-degree relative Age > 40 years Pre-eclampsia Hyperhomocysteinemia 2 points Intermediate risk factors Protein S or protein C deficiency Immobilization (after e.g. bone fracture or prolonged bed rest 3 points Intermediate risk factors Homozygous for factor V Leiden mutation Homozygous for factor II mutation 4 points Severe risk factors Previous DVT Antiphospholipid syndrome without previous DVT Lupus anticoagulant Very high risk Artificial heart valves Antithrombin III deficiency Multiple previous thromboses Antiphospholipid syndrome with previous DVT Previous pulmonary embolism [13] After adding any risk factors together, a total of one point or less indicates no preventive action is needed. [9] A total of two points indicates short-term prophylaxis, e.g. with LMWH, may be used in temporary risk factors, as well as administering prophylactic treatment seven days postpartum , starting a couple of hours after birth. [9] A total of 3 points increases the necessary duration of post partum prophylaxis to six weeks. [9] A risk score of four points or higher means prophylaxis in the ante partum period is needed, as well as at least six weeks post partum . [9] A previous distal DVT indicates a minimum of 12 weeks (three months) of therapeutic anticoagulation therapy. [13] A previous proximal DVT or pulmonary embolism requires a minimum of 26 weeks (6.5 months) of therapy [13] If the therapy duration reaches delivery time, the remaining duration may be given after delivery, possibly extending the minimum of six weeks of post partum therapy. [13] In a very high risk, high-dose ante partum prophylaxis should be continued at least 12 weeks after delivery. [9] Women with antiphospholipid syndrome should have an additional low-dose prophylactic treatment of aspirin. [9] Cautions [ edit ] All anticoagulants (including LMWH) should be used with caution in women with suspected coagulopathy , thrombocytopaenia , liver disease and nephropathy . [13] Major side effects of tinzaparin are osteoporosis (occurring in up to 1% of cases), thrombocytopenia ( heparin-induced thrombocytopenia ), haemorrhage , hair loss and drug allergy . [13] Still, LMWHs are much less likely to cause heparin-induced thrombocytopenia than unfractionated heparin. [13] Regional anaesthesia is contraindicated in women on therapeutic anticoagulation, and should not be used within 24 hours of the last dose of tinzaparin. [13] Monitoring [ edit ] Anticoagulant therapy with LMWH is not usually monitored. [13] LMWH therapy does not affect the prothrombin time (PT) or the INR , and anti-Xa levels are not reliable. [13] It can prolong the partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in some women, but still, the APTT is not useful for monitoring. [13] To check for any thrombocytopenia, platelet count should be checked prior to commencing anticoagulant therapy, then seven to ten days after commencement, and monthly thereafter. [13] Platelet count should also be checked if unexpected bruising or bleeding occurs. [13] Reversal [ edit ] Protamine reverses the effect of unfractionated heparin, but only partially binds to and reverses LMWH. ... PMID 22876895 . ^ Sathienkijkanchai A, Wasant P (2005). "Fetal warfarin syndrome". J Med Assoc Thai . 88 (Suppl 8): S246–50. ... Reference number CA3017. 9 June 2006 [review June 2009] v t e Pathology of pregnancy , childbirth and the puerperium Pregnancy Pregnancy with abortive outcome Abortion Ectopic pregnancy Abdominal Cervical Interstitial Ovarian Heterotopic Embryo loss Fetal resorption Molar pregnancy Miscarriage Stillbirth Oedema , proteinuria and hypertensive disorders Gestational hypertension Pre-eclampsia HELLP syndrome Eclampsia Other, predominantly related to pregnancy Digestive system Acute fatty liver of pregnancy Gestational diabetes Hepatitis E Hyperemesis gravidarum Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Integumentary system / dermatoses of pregnancy Gestational pemphigoid Impetigo herpetiformis Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Linea nigra Prurigo gestationis Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) Striae gravidarum Nervous system Chorea gravidarum Blood Gestational thrombocytopenia Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability Maternal care related to the fetus and amniotic cavity amniotic fluid Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios Braxton Hicks contractions chorion / amnion Amniotic band syndrome Chorioamnionitis Chorionic hematoma Monoamniotic twins Premature rupture of membranes Obstetrical bleeding Antepartum placenta Circumvallate placenta Monochorionic twins Placenta accreta Placenta praevia Placental abruption Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome Labor Amniotic fluid embolism Cephalopelvic disproportion Dystocia Shoulder dystocia Fetal distress Locked twins Nuchal cord Obstetrical bleeding Postpartum Pain management during childbirth placenta Placenta accreta Preterm birth Postmature birth Umbilical cord prolapse Uterine inversion Uterine rupture Vasa praevia Puerperal Breastfeeding difficulties Low milk supply Cracked nipples Breast engorgement Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder Diastasis symphysis pubis Postpartum bleeding Peripartum cardiomyopathy Postpartum depression Postpartum psychosis Postpartum thyroiditis Puerperal fever Puerperal mastitis Other Concomitant conditions Diabetes mellitus Systemic lupus erythematosus Thyroid disorders Maternal death Sexual activity during pregnancy Category
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Poly Drug Use
Wikipedia
Alcohol legality Alcohol consumption Anabolic steroid legality Cannabis legality Annual use Lifetime use Cigarette consumption Cocaine legality Cocaine use Methamphetamine legality Opiates use Psilocybin mushrooms legality Salvia legality v t e Psychoactive substance-related disorder General SID Substance intoxication / Drug overdose Substance-induced psychosis Withdrawal : Craving Neonatal withdrawal Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) SUD Substance abuse / Substance-related disorders Physical dependence / Psychological dependence / Substance dependence Combined substance use SUD Polysubstance dependence SID Combined drug intoxication (CDI) Alcohol SID Cardiovascular diseases Alcoholic cardiomyopathy Alcohol flush reaction (AFR) Gastrointestinal diseases Alcoholic liver disease (ALD): Alcoholic hepatitis Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS) Endocrine diseases Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) Nervous system diseases Alcohol-related dementia (ARD) Alcohol intoxication Hangover Neurological disorders Alcoholic hallucinosis Alcoholic polyneuropathy Alcohol-related brain damage Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS): Alcoholic hallucinosis Delirium tremens (DTs) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) Korsakoff syndrome Positional alcohol nystagmus (PAN) Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS, Korsakoff psychosis) Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) Respiratory tract diseases Alcohol-induced respiratory reactions Alcoholic lung disease SUD Alcoholism (alcohol use disorder (AUD)) Binge drinking Caffeine SID Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder Caffeine-induced sleep disorder Caffeinism SUD Caffeine dependence Cannabis SID Cannabis arteritis Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) SUD Amotivational syndrome Cannabis use disorder (CUD) Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder Cocaine SID Cocaine intoxication Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) SUD Cocaine dependence Hallucinogen SID Acute intoxication from hallucinogens (bad trip) Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) Nicotine SID Nicotine poisoning Nicotine withdrawal SUD Nicotine dependence Opioids SID Opioid overdose SUD Opioid use disorder (OUD) Sedative / hypnotic SID Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal) benzodiazepine : SID Benzodiazepine overdose Benzodiazepine withdrawal SUD Benzodiazepine use disorder (BUD) Benzodiazepine dependence barbiturate : SID Barbiturate overdose SUD Barbiturate dependence Stimulants SID Stimulant psychosis amphetamine : SUD Amphetamine dependence Volatile solvent SID Sudden sniffing death syndrome (SSDS) Toluene toxicity SUD Inhalant abuse v t e Combined substance use and adulteration Combined substance use Active metabolite Codrug Combination drug Combined drug intoxication Drug interaction Poly drug use Polypharmacy Polysubstance dependence Prodrug Synergy Adulteration Contamination Clandestine chemistry Cutting agent Diluent Impurity Lacing Mickey Finn Harm reduction Pill testing Reagent testing
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Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Wikipedia
See also [ edit ] Dust pneumonia Pneumonitis External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : J67 ICD - 9-CM : 495 MeSH : D000542 DiseasesDB : 4630 External resources MedlinePlus : 000109 eMedicine : med/1103 ped/2577 Orphanet : 31740 v t e Diseases of the respiratory system Upper RT (including URTIs , common cold ) Head sinuses Sinusitis nose Rhinitis Vasomotor rhinitis Atrophic rhinitis Hay fever Nasal polyp Rhinorrhea nasal septum Nasal septum deviation Nasal septum perforation Nasal septal hematoma tonsil Tonsillitis Adenoid hypertrophy Peritonsillar abscess Neck pharynx Pharyngitis Strep throat Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Retropharyngeal abscess larynx Croup Laryngomalacia Laryngeal cyst Laryngitis Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Laryngospasm vocal cords Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Vocal fold nodule Vocal fold paresis Vocal cord dysfunction epiglottis Epiglottitis trachea Tracheitis Laryngotracheal stenosis Lower RT / lung disease (including LRTIs ) Bronchial / obstructive acute Acute bronchitis chronic COPD Chronic bronchitis Acute exacerbation of COPD ) Asthma ( Status asthmaticus Aspirin-induced Exercise-induced Bronchiectasis Cystic fibrosis unspecified Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis obliterans Diffuse panbronchiolitis Interstitial / restrictive ( fibrosis ) External agents/ occupational lung disease Pneumoconiosis Aluminosis Asbestosis Baritosis Bauxite fibrosis Berylliosis Caplan's syndrome Chalicosis Coalworker's pneumoconiosis Siderosis Silicosis Talcosis Byssinosis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Bagassosis Bird fancier's lung Farmer's lung Lycoperdonosis Other ARDS Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema Pulmonary edema Löffler's syndrome / Eosinophilic pneumonia Respiratory hypersensitivity Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Hamman-Rich syndrome Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Sarcoidosis Vaping-associated pulmonary injury Obstructive / Restrictive Pneumonia / pneumonitis By pathogen Viral Bacterial Pneumococcal Klebsiella Atypical bacterial Mycoplasma Legionnaires' disease Chlamydiae Fungal Pneumocystis Parasitic noninfectious Chemical / Mendelson's syndrome Aspiration / Lipid By vector/route Community-acquired Healthcare-associated Hospital-acquired By distribution Broncho- Lobar IIP UIP DIP BOOP-COP NSIP RB Other Atelectasis circulatory Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary embolism Lung abscess Pleural cavity / mediastinum Pleural disease Pleuritis/pleurisy Pneumothorax / Hemopneumothorax Pleural effusion Hemothorax Hydrothorax Chylothorax Empyema/pyothorax Malignant Fibrothorax Mediastinal disease Mediastinitis Mediastinal emphysema Other/general Respiratory failure Influenza Common cold SARS Coronavirus disease 2019 Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis v t e Allergic conditions Respiratory system Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) Asthma Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Eosinophilic pneumonia Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Farmer's lung Laboratory animal allergy Skin Angioedema Urticaria Atopic dermatitis Allergic contact dermatitis Hypersensitivity vasculitis Blood and immune system Serum sickness Circulatory system Anaphylaxis Digestive system Coeliac disease Eosinophilic gastroenteritis Eosinophilic esophagitis Food allergy Egg allergy Milk intolerance Nervous system Eosinophilic meningitis Genitourinary system Acute interstitial nephritis Other conditions Drug allergy Allergic conjunctivitis Latex allergy v t e Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases Type I / allergy / atopy ( IgE ) Foreign Atopic eczema Allergic urticaria Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever) Allergic asthma Anaphylaxis Food allergy common allergies include: Milk Egg Peanut Tree nut Seafood Soy Wheat Penicillin allergy Autoimmune Eosinophilic esophagitis Type II / ADCC IgM IgG Foreign Hemolytic disease of the newborn Autoimmune Cytotoxic Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris Rheumatic fever Goodpasture syndrome Guillain–Barré syndrome " Type V "/ receptor Graves' disease Myasthenia gravis Pernicious anemia Type III ( Immune complex ) Foreign Henoch–Schönlein purpura Hypersensitivity vasculitis Reactive arthritis Farmer's lung Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Serum sickness Arthus reaction Autoimmune Systemic lupus erythematosus Subacute bacterial endocarditis Rheumatoid arthritis Type IV / cell-mediated ( T cells ) Foreign Allergic contact dermatitis Mantoux test Autoimmune Diabetes mellitus type 1 Hashimoto's thyroiditis Multiple sclerosis Coeliac disease Giant-cell arteritis Postorgasmic illness syndrome Reactive arthritis GVHD Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease Unknown/ multiple Foreign Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Transplant rejection Latex allergy (I+IV) Autoimmune Sjögren syndrome Autoimmune hepatitis Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome APS1 APS2 Autoimmune adrenalitis Systemic autoimmune diseaseSOD2, IL1B, IL13, TNF, MUC5B, CXCL5, PARP9, IFNG, SLC27A5, CEL, IL17A, CCL18, TAP1, TERC, TERT, VEGFA, RGS6, ATP6AP2, POSTN, CCL17, CUL9, MMRN1, CCL8, SEC14L2, NELFCD, IL23A, RTEL1, TLR9, TOLLIP, PINK1, MMP28, IL33, MARCHF8, PLF, CCL15, ALB, S100A6, IL12A, CD34, CHI3L1, FLT1, HLA-DRB1, TNC, IL1A, IL1RN, IL2RA, IL4, IL6, CXCL8, IL10, IL18, REN, ISG20, ITGAE, ITGAM, KDR, LGALS9, CXCL9, MMP2, PARN, PDCD1, PSMB8, PSMB9, AQP1, RASA1
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Primary Familial And Congenital Polycythemia
Gene_reviews
Clinical manifestations relate to the erythrocytosis and can include plethora, the hyperviscosity syndrome (headache, dizziness, fatigue, lassitude, visual and auditory disturbances, paresthesia, myalgia), altered mental status caused by hypoperfusion and local hypoxia, and arterial and/or venous thromboembolic events. ... While the majority of individuals with PFCP require no regular treatment, some undergo phlebotomy to either treat symptoms of the hyperviscosity syndrome or to maintain the hematocrit at an almost normal level. ... Life-long assessment for manifestations/severity of hyperviscosity syndrome and investigation of any suspicious clinical events such as thromboembolic complications. ... Recording of symptoms of hyperviscosity syndrome and their severity Hyperviscosity syndrome symptoms: Headache Dizziness Altered mentation, sense of distance Visual disturbances Tinnitus Paresthesia Low performance Fatigue, lassitude Myalgia, muscle weakness Hyperviscosity syndrome severity: Grade 1. ... In some individuals with PFCP, antihypertensive treatment and phlebotomies are initiated either: When symptoms of the hyperviscosity syndrome are evident; OR At routine intervals to maintain the hematocrit at an almost normal level.
- Nanophthalmos Orphanet
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Breast Eczema
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : L30.8 ( ILDS L30.852) v t e Dermatitis and eczema Atopic dermatitis Besnier's prurigo Seborrheic dermatitis Pityriasis simplex capillitii Cradle cap Contact dermatitis ( allergic , irritant ) plants: Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis African blackwood dermatitis Tulip fingers other: Abietic acid dermatitis Diaper rash Airbag dermatitis Baboon syndrome Contact stomatitis Protein contact dermatitis Eczema Autoimmune estrogen dermatitis Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis Breast eczema Ear eczema Eyelid dermatitis Topical steroid addiction Hand eczema Chronic vesiculobullous hand eczema Hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis Autosensitization dermatitis / Id reaction Candidid Dermatophytid Molluscum dermatitis Circumostomy eczema Dyshidrosis Juvenile plantar dermatosis Nummular eczema Nutritional deficiency eczema Sulzberger–Garbe syndrome Xerotic eczema Pruritus / Itch / Prurigo Lichen simplex chronicus / Prurigo nodularis by location: Pruritus ani Pruritus scroti Pruritus vulvae Scalp pruritus Drug-induced pruritus Hydroxyethyl starch-induced pruritus Senile pruritus Aquagenic pruritus Aquadynia Adult blaschkitis due to liver disease Biliary pruritus Cholestatic pruritus Prion pruritus Prurigo pigmentosa Prurigo simplex Puncta pruritica Uremic pruritus Other substances taken internally: Bromoderma Fixed drug reaction Nummular dermatitis Pityriasis alba Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji This cutaneous condition article is a stub .
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Tardive Dysmentia
Wikipedia
Tardive Dysmentia is a rarely used term introduced in a 1983 paper to describe "changes in affect, activation level, and interpersonal interaction", [1] and hypothesized to be caused by long-term exposure to neuroleptic drugs in the same way as the much better known syndrome of tardive dyskinesia . Several papers in the following years discussed the validity of the concept, and this small literature was reviewed in a 1993 publication by M. ... Myslobodsky, [2] who drew attention to the "possibility that the syndrome of dysmentia is composed of occasional excessive emotional reactivity , enhanced responsiveness to environmental stimuli , and indifference to or reduced awareness of the patient's abnormal involuntary movements", [2] but concluded that the pathophysiology is uncertain. [2] Since then, the term has fallen into disuse, receiving at most only passing mentions in the literature. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ Wilson, I.
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Von Graefe's Sign
Wikipedia
ISBN 0-340-80798-9 . v t e Thyroid disease Hypothyroidism Iodine deficiency Cretinism Congenital hypothyroidism Myxedema Myxedema coma Euthyroid sick syndrome Signs and symptoms Queen Anne's sign Woltman sign Thyroid dyshormonogenesis Pickardt syndrome Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroxinemia Thyroid hormone resistance Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia Hashitoxicosis Thyrotoxicosis factitia Thyroid storm Graves' disease Signs and symptoms Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter Boston's sign Dalrymple's sign Stellwag's sign lid lag Griffith's sign Möbius sign Pretibial myxedema Graves' ophthalmopathy Thyroiditis Acute infectious Subacute De Quervain's Subacute lymphocytic Palpation Autoimmune /chronic Hashimoto's Postpartum Riedel's Enlargement Goitre Endemic goitre Toxic nodular goitre Toxic multinodular goiter Thyroid nodule Colloid nodule This article about the eye is a stub .
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Steppage Gait
Wikipedia
Steppage gait ( High stepping , Neuropathic gait ) is a form of gait abnormality characterised by foot drop or ankle equinus due to loss of dorsiflexion . [1] The foot hangs with the toes pointing down, causing the toes to scrape the ground while walking, requiring someone to lift the leg higher than normal when walking. [2] [3] [4] Foot drop can be caused by damage to the deep peroneal nerve . [5] Conditions associated with a steppage gait [ edit ] Foot drop Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease Polio Multiple sclerosis Syphilis Guillain–Barré syndrome Spinal disc herniation Anterior Compartment Muscle Atrophy Deep fibular nerve injury Spondylolisthesis Slipped Femoral Epiphysis ALS/PLS References [ edit ] ^ "Definition: steppage gait from Online Medical Dictionary" . ^ "Walking abnormalities" . ... External links [ edit ] A video of a neuropathic gait v t e Symptoms and signs relating to movement and gait Gait Gait abnormality CNS Scissor gait Cerebellar ataxia Festinating gait Marche à petit pas Propulsive gait Stomping gait Spastic gait Magnetic gait Truncal ataxia Muscular Myopathic gait Trendelenburg gait Pigeon gait Steppage gait Antalgic gait Coordination Ataxia Cerebellar ataxia Dysmetria Dysdiadochokinesia Pronator drift Dyssynergia Sensory ataxia Asterixis Abnormal movement Athetosis Tremor Fasciculation Fibrillation Posturing Abnormal posturing Opisthotonus Spasm Trismus Cramp Tetany Myokymia Joint locking Paralysis Flaccid paralysis Spastic paraplegia Spastic diplegia Spastic paraplegia Syndromes Monoplegia Diplegia / Paraplegia Hemiplegia Triplegia Tetraplegia / Quadruplegia General causes Upper motor neuron lesion Lower motor neuron lesion Weakness Hemiparesis Other Rachitic rosary Hyperreflexia Clasp-knife response This medical sign article is a stub .TTC19, SOD1, MSL3, L1CAM, ATP1A1, MFN2, SCO2, GNE, KIF1B, HSPB8, DCAF8, DHH, GDAP1, SLC30A10, SQSTM1, TDP1, KLHL9, PRX, GNB4, INF2, COA7, SBF2, LRSAM1, SLC25A46, C12orf65, HSPB3, RAB7A, GAN, CAPN1, CLIC2, COX6A1, EGR2, FHL1, HARS1, HINT1, HSPB1, IGHMBP2, KARS1, LMNA, MARS1, MPV17, MPZ, MYH7, NEFL, PDK3, PMP2, PMP22, POLG, TIA1, TTN, ADSS1
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Palmoplantar Keratoderma, Nonepidermolytic, Focal 2
Omim
Heterozygous mutation in the TRPV3 gene can also cause Olmsted syndrome (OLMS; 614594), which is also known as mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma with periorificial keratotic plaques. ... Noting the mild clinical presentation associated with the Q580P mutation compared with other mutations in TRPV3 that have been reported to cause Olmsted syndrome, He et al. (2015) suggested that different mutations might lead to functional differences in TRPV3.
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Ectopia (Medicine)
Wikipedia
Most ectopias are congenital , but some may happen later in life. Examples [ edit ] Ectopic ACTH syndrome , also known as small-cell carcinoma. ... Ectopic cilia , a hair growing where it isn't supposed to be, commonly an eyelash on an abnormal spot on the eyelid, distichia Ectopia cordis , the displacement of the heart outside the body during fetal development Ectopic enamel , a tooth abnormality, where enamel is found in an unusual location, such as at the root of a tooth Ectopic expression , the expression of a gene in an abnormal place in an organism Ectopic hormone , a hormone produced by a tumor, such as small-cell carcinoma, can cause Cushing's syndrome Ectopia lentis , the displacement of the crystalline lens of the eye Neuronal ectopia Ectopic pancreas , displacement of pancreatic tissue in the body with no connection, anatomical or vascular, to the pancreas Ectopic recombination , the recombination between sequences (like leu2 sequences) present at different genomic locations Renal ectopia occurs when both kidneys are on the same side of the body Ectopic testis , a testis that has moved to an unusual location Ectopic thymus , where thymus tissue is found in an abnormal location Ectopic thyroid , where an entire or parts of the thyroid are located elsewhere in the body Ectopic tooth Ectopic ureter , where the ureter terminates somewhere other than the urinary bladder Ectopia vesicae , a congenital anomality in which part of the urinary bladder is present outside the body See also [ edit ] Ectopic beat of the heart Cervical ectropion Ectopic pregnancy , where the fertilized egg implants anywhere other than the uterine wall Heterotopia (medicine)
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Morning Glory Disc Anomaly
Wikipedia
. ^ Kindler (1970). "Morning glory syndrome: unusual congenital optic disk anomaly". ... Pediatr Radiol . 35 (5): 525–528. doi : 10.1007/s00247-004-1345-y . ^ Auber, AE; O’Hara M (1999). "Morning glory syndrome. MR imaging" . Clin Imaging . 23 : 152–158. doi : 10.1016/s0899-7071(99)00118-7 .
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Triangular Alopecia
Wikipedia
Hair restoration surgery using follicular unit transplantation has been a successful treatment modality for TTA Contents 1 Presentation 1.1 Association with Other Conditions 2 Frequency 3 See also 4 References Presentation [ edit ] Association with Other Conditions [ edit ] TTA has been associated with several disorders, such as Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis . And a rare syndrome Setleis syndrome . It is inherited by the autosomal dominant trait and is characterized by cutis aplasia or atrophic skin at the temples, which is said to resemble forceps marks.
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Angioid Streaks
Omim
Green et al. (1966) found typical angioid streaks in 2 of 6 affected members of a kindred with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (see 130000). Although the diagnosis of both angioid streaks and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome seems unequivocal, the association may have been coincidental because the association has not been described by others (McKusick, 2002).
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Morbilliform
Wikipedia
Patients with measles will have the rash but there are other syndromes and infections that will display the same symptom such as patients with Kawasaki disease , [2] meningococcal petechiae or Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome , [2] Dengue , Roseola , congenital syphilis, [3] rubella , [2] Echovirus 9 , [2] drug hypersensitivity reactions (in particular with certain classes of antiretroviral drugs , such as abacavir and nevirapine , and also the antiepileptic drug phenytoin ), or other conditions may also have a morbilliform rash.
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Nephrosialidosis
Omim
An unusual feature was the abrupt onset and fulminant course of the nephrotic syndrome from which she died at the age of 9 years and 8 months. ... Nephrosis has also been described in the Hurler syndrome (607014) (Taylor et al., 1986) but this must be a rare complication of that particular lysosomal storage disease.
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Sleep Disorders
Mayo_clinic
There are several types of sleep apnea. Restless legs syndrome (RLS), a type of sleep movement disorder. Restless legs syndrome, also called Willis-Ekbom disease, causes an uncomfortable sensation and an urge to move the legs while you try to fall asleep.SLC6A3, CHRNA4, IL1B, POMC, HTR7, BHLHE41, CHRNB2, LRRK2, SNCA, MECP2, MAPT, RAI1, PRNP, ASXL3, ATXN2, SLC2A1, ATXN10, SATB2, GNAO1, CDKL5, PROKR2, MBD5, TFAP2B, ATXN3, USP8, HESX1, CC2D1A, GATAD2B, SLC6A5, PROP1, AIFM1, NSUN2, C12orf4, PPT1, SMC3, POU1F1, LINS1, KMT2A, NAGLU, NR4A2, SETD5, PIGC, PIGQ, NDP, ATAD3A, VPS35, PNKP, NEUROD2, HDAC8, FMN2, CRADD, FRRS1L, OTX2, FBXO7, RAD21, ATXN8OS, RSRC1, TSHB, THRB, NKX2-1, REM1, PRSS12, NIPBL, TRHR, TRIO, BSCL2, TSHR, CLIP1, RTTN, HIBCH, EZR, SMC1A, WFS1, GIGYF2, LHX3, EPM2A, THRA, TCF20, TBP, STXBP1, PIGP, SARS1, EPG5, CRBN, SEPSECS, SCN2A, NSDHL, SLC45A1, SGSH, ST3GAL3, SLC18A2, SMARCC2, SOX2, SOX3, SPR, CASK, DCPS, CHD8, MED23, KCNA1, SARDH, B3GALNT2, HGSNAT, DEAF1, CTNNB1, DBH, DNAJC13, DCTN1, DDC, SLC9A6, HDAC4, METTL23, WARS2, EIF4G1, WASHC4, EML1, SLITRK1, AIMP1, ARNT2, SIK1, CORIN, VPS13A, STAG2, ADH1C, MAN1B1, TNIK, WDR45, AGA, CISD2, LIAS, IQSEC2, SPART, ASPA, SEPTIN9, NHLRC1, WDR4, KDM5B, MFSD8, STOX1, ARX, FGFR1, GPHN, LHX4, SLC25A22, ZC3H14, ATAD1, EHMT1, HCRT, FBXO31, GABBR2, HDC, HNMT, GNS, MBOAT7, NDST1, ADNP, IDUA, TECR, CDH23, TUSC3, PGAP1, GRIK2, GBA, LMAN2L, FLII, TRAPPC9, FLT1, SNCAIP, MED25, TRIM8, GLUD2, SIN3A, GCH1, EDC3, GLRB, CLOCK, GLRA1, IL6, PER3, APOE, HLA-DQB1, CRP, SLC6A4, MTNR1B, PDSS2, BDNF, PER2, ARNTL, IGLON5, TIMELESS, COPD, MCF2L, TPTEP2-CSNK1E, HCRTR2, MT2A, COMT, TMPRSS6, CSNK1E, OPN4, FMR1, GH1, VIP, LRP2, MAOA, HRH3, ATXN1, ZC4H2, GPRC6A, GPR151, TAAR1, ACAD8, HT, HAVCR1, SLC17A5, OXER1, NALCN, MRGPRX4, MRGPRX1, CCL4L1, VN1R17P, GPR166P, PLF, NPS, SNORD116@, PTLS, CD200R1, MRGPRX3, NPDC1, LGR6, ARNTL2, PLXNA3, ACKR3, MOCOS, SIAE, SMUG1, LPAR3, SEC14L2, DBA2, PROK2, MPPE1, ASPSCR1, NLGN3, MAP3K20, TRIM47, KCNIP3, CNTNAP2, ACHE, PSIP1, EIF6, DRD4, EDNRA, ELF3, SLC29A1, ESR1, FANCC, FKBP4, FKBP5, FLG, FLNB, MTOR, GAD1, GC, GDF1, GLI2, GPR42, GRN, NR3C1, HCRTR1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB5, HRAS, IDS, IFNA2, IGF1, DRD3, DRD1, DPP6, BID, ADORA1, ADRA1A, ADRA2B, AGRP, AHR, ALDH2, ARSD, AVP, AVPR1A, BBS2, BCHE, BRS3, ACE, CA1, CACNA1C, CCT, CDR1, CECR, CRH, CSE1L, CSF1R, CSF2, CSN1S1, CST3, IL17A, KCNJ11, PRSS21, LAMC2, STAC, TNF, TPI1, TPO, ACP5, UMOD, VEGFA, XPO1, PAX8, ARHGEF5, FZD4, SRPX, USO1, BTRC, ARTN, LPAR2, LGI1, KL, CCL4L2, IGSF6, NXF1, KAT5, CXCR6, CERS1, MALT1, SSTR4, CCL4, SCN5A, ABCB1, LEP, LY6E, SMCP, MEIS1, NBN, NFKB2, NHS, OAT, P2RX7, PAX6, PER1, SLC25A3, SCN1A, PLXNA2, PNN, PPARA, PRL, PSG2, PSG3, PSG5, REN, BRD2, ACSM3, SCD, TSC1