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Syndactyly Type 6
Orphanet
A rare non-syndromic syndactyly characterized by unilateral fusion of 2nd to 5th fingers, amalgamation of distal phalanges in a knot-like structure, and fusion of the 2nd and 3rd toe.
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Tibio-Fibular Synostosis
Orphanet
Tibio-fibular synostosis is a rare, non-syndromic limb malformation characterized by fusion of the proximal or distal tibial and fibular metaphysis and/or diaphysis, frequently associated with distal positioning of the proximal tibiofibular joint, leg length discrepancy, bowing of the fibula, and valgus deformity of the knee.
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Lipomyelomeningocele
Orphanet
If left untreated it can cause tethered cord syndrome.
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Pseudounicornuate Uterus
Orphanet
A rare, non-syndromic uterovaginal malformation characterized by a crescent-shaped, small-sized uterus containing a single horn and fallopian tube associated with a rudimentary second horn (which can be solid or contain a cavity with functioning endometrium and be communicating or non-communicating).
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Abnormal Number Of Coronary Ostia
Orphanet
A rare, congenital, non-syndromic heart malformation characterized by more or less than one coronary ostium at the left and at the right aortic sinus of Valsalva.
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Isolated Arhinencephaly
Orphanet
Isolated arhinencephaly is a rare non-syndromic central nervous system malformation defined by the agenesis of the olfactory bulbs and tracts and characterized by complete congenital anosmia.
- Obesity Due To Leptin Receptor Gene Deficiency Orphanet
- Photosensitive Epilepsy Orphanet
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Monosomy 7 Of Bone Marrow
Omim
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because loss of chromosome 7 or deletion of genes on chromosome 7q are associated with development of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). ... Gilchrist et al. (1990) described 2 brothers, aged 3 and 5 years, with myelodysplasia and leukemia syndrome associated with monosomy 7. Since bone marrow transplantation is the only effective treatment of MLSM7, the familial occurrence should be kept in mind when searching for a donor. ... Minelli et al. (2001) described 2 sisters with a myelodysplastic syndrome associated with partial monosomy 7. ... Nikoloski et al. (2010) identified heterozygous acquired (somatic) deletions and at chromosome 7q36.1 encompassing the EZH2 (601573) and CUL1 (603134) genes in bone marrow cells derived from 13 of 102 individuals with myelodysplastic syndromes, including refractory anemia (RA).
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Bone Mineral Density Quantitative Trait Locus 1
Omim
The variation includes an isolated high bone mass trait, the osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG; 259770), and low bone mineral density leading to osteoporosis (see 166710). ... Johnson et al. (1997) pointed out that the OPPG syndrome maps to the same area and suggested that they may be allelic disorders. ... Boyden et al. (2002) identified the same mutation in affected members of a family with an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by high bone mass, wide and deep mandible, and torus palatinus. ... INHERITANCE - Autosomal dominant SKELETAL - Fracture resistance - Dense bones with thick cortices - Elevated bone mass Spine - Increased spinal bone density Z(BMD) MISCELLANEOUS - Allelic to osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome ( 259770 ), van Buchem type 2 ( 607636 ), autosomal dominant osteosclerosis ( 144750 ), type I osteopetrosis ( 607634 ) MOLECULAR BASIS - Caused by mutation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene (LRP5, 603506.0013 ) ▲ Close
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Mosquito Bites
Mayo_clinic
This type of reaction, sometimes called skeeter syndrome, is most common in children. Mosquito bites can cause severe illnesses if the insects carry certain viruses or parasites. ... Think about whether you tend to have large or severe reactions to mosquito bites — skeeter syndrome. You might want to take a nondrowsy, nonprescription antihistamine when you know you'll be exposed to mosquitoes. ... The inflamed, itchy, painful swelling referred to as skeeter syndrome is sometimes mistaken for a bacterial infection. Skeeter syndrome is the result of an allergic reaction to proteins in mosquito saliva.
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Autoimmune Disease
Omim
For example, see thyroid autoantibodies (140300), alopecia areata (104000), pernicious anemia (170900), hypoadrenocorticism with hypoparathyroidism and superficial moniliasis (240300), Schmidt syndrome (269200), systemic lupus erythematosus (152700), Sjogren syndrome (270150), and anemia, autoimmune hemolytic (205700). ... In a study of 6 families of probands with primary Sjogren syndrome (270150), Reveille et al. (1984) found various other autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies. ... Patients with type I autoimmune polyglandular syndrome did not show the association. Bias et al. (1986) suggested that although autoimmune diseases show a distribution in families consistent with multifactorial etiology, the autoimmune trait is defined by the presence of autoimmune disease and/or high titer autoantibody as a familial occurrence consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance.PTPN22, TPO, TG, IL17A, IL6, CD40LG, IFNG, IL4, SIRT1, FAS, CD28, STAT3, TNFRSF1A, TNFAIP3, FCGR2B, CXCR3, AICDA, SIAE, C4B, TNFRSF4, TIMP1, HP, PECAM1, TGFB2, B2M, PF4, FBL, EGR1, HMGCR, RBP3, F8, COPA, HPX, KRT19, RAPSN, SOD2, CRYAA, HSPA9, CRYBB2, COL1A1, ITGB6, C1S, HARS1, AHNAK, CCR6, TYK2, ICOS, CD226, IL23R, STAT4, CD40, IL2RA, IRF5, TSSK1B, TNFSF15, PTPN2, CD247, BACH2, UBASH3A, ERAP2, JAK1, IL2RB, ETS1, TNIP1, CAMK4, TRAF1, SH2B3, TAGAP, CARD9, IFI16, UBE2L3, ZMIZ1, CCR3, INS-IGF2, KIF5A, KIAA1109, REL, FLT3, ANKRD55, SMAD3, SH2D2A, FUT2, RASGRP1, VAV3, ATG16L1, ATG5, TNFRSF11B, NTRK1, KCNH7, SLC22A5, ICOSLG, AFF3, ATXN2, IL1A, SUOX, CLEC16A, SLC11A1, CCDC88B, PSMD5, IL17D, IL1B, LURAP1L, MB21D2, CRP, FAM107A, MPO, IL7, STING1, FOXP3, GEM, MYD88, MOG, ELMO1, CXCL10, IL27, GPR35, INS, FCGR3B, PRL, C1QTNF6, FCGR3A, FCGR2A, FAP, PUS10, TNFSF13, IL2, CIITA, IL1RN, SPATA13, NFKB1, IL23A, SLC30A10, IL18, CSF2, MMEL1, NLRP3, IL17F, ATN1, IL16, IGF2-AS, DAG1, IL15, GAD2, LINC02656, C12orf42, LINC02649, DPP4, GAD1, IL12B, CCN4, DDX6, ARID5B, RO60, TRIM21, HSPA14, ATXN2L, CXCL12, IL10, MIR146A, TNFSF10, IL37, MIR155, CTLA4, TLR7, ACKR3, CRB1, IL7R, FNBP1, ERAP1, STAT1, SOAT1, PLXNC1, IL9, TREX1, MBL2, SLC30A8, SPRED2, SPP1, C1orf141, YDJC, MIR3681HG, FASLG, AQP4, PTCSC2, LINC00824, LINC01250, LEP, TNFRSF13B, LINC01934, IL33, ANKRD30A, KLRC4-KLRK1, BCL2, NOD2, HMGB1, SAMHD1, BLK, CD274, HLA-G, CPT1C, PDCD1, PADI4, LPP, TTC34, BTK, NONOP2, ITGAM, TP53, VDR, IL12A-AS1, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, LINC00993, TNFSF13B, NKD1, HSPD1, KIR3DL1, LINC02605, IL21, ADCY7, PLEK, LRRK2, PLEKHA1, TNFSF4, RAB5C, RMI2, PHF19, AHR, TSHR, KRT20, PIK3CG, LINC02752, LINC02357, ALDH2, LINC02341, PIK3CD, MACIR, TMEM131, NEURL4, AIRE, LINC00271, IFIH1, FCRL3, IFNA1, HLA-C, HLA-B, HLA-A, CCL2, IFNA13, CD1D, NLRP1, TGM2, IRF1-AS1, CD19, MS4A1, CD22, CD86, HT, CD38, ADGRL2, TGFB1, CUTALP, SH2D1A, LRBA, TLR9, HAVCR1, DLEU1, IL22, HAVCR2, TRBV20OR9-2, RAB5B, KLRK1, MYDGF, ISG20, HLA-DQB1, MALT1, MROH3P, TNF, RBM45, ARHGAP31, CGAS, HLA-DQA1, TNFRSF1B, TLR4, HLA-DRB1, PRTN3, ABCB1, PRDM1, CR2, NUDT11, CYBB, PTPRC, ESR1, HSPA4, SUMO4, ZAP70, ENO1, JAK3, ADAR, HLA-DPB1, ARHGEF5, DSG3, KLK3, CBLB, TIMELESS, CD24, TLR2, MBP, S1PR1, TPMT, NCF1, LTA, SH2B2, RNPC3, EBI3, SYK, MMP9, WAS, IFNB1, APOH, ACE, ACAD8, STIM1, CDR3, IFN1@, HCRT, MTOR, NR3C1, SNCA, FCGRT, MAPK1, NFE2L2, VIP, LINC01193, CD44, TLR8, CYP27B1, CD47, DNASE1, IL18R1, MIF, CCR5, HNF1A, GRN, RUNX1, GPR42, GZMB, GLUL, CD80, PLAAT4, MIR21, CBLL2, SOCS1, ADIPOQ, VIM, HLA-DOA, PRKN, LPAR2, ADRA1A, ADRA2B, CXCR6, S100A9, LGALS9, RAG1, JAK2, SERPINA1, TNFRSF13C, LGI1, ANP32B, BRS3, VEGFA, HLA-DQA2, IDO1, IL34, MUL1, SLAMF1, CXCR4, DECR1, EDNRA, TNFRSF14, TNFRSF9, TAM, SSTR4, GFAP, PTEN, AFP, TBK1, DOCK8, BCL6, ITGB2, MRGPRX3, TPI1, C4A, MS, NR0B2, CCR2, C5AR1, GPRC6A, GIMAP5, CAMP, SLC22A4, TNFRSF12A, ICAM1, IRF8, S100A8, ADRB2, MFGE8, MRGPRX1, CNTNAP2, ICA1, FLI1, MRGPRX4, LGR6, AKT1, REG1A, HSPA1B, FZD4, APCS, AIM2, PSIP1, BTG3, IL13, CASR, MIR17HG, MBTPS1, CEACAM5, LINC01194, BANK1, CCL21, OXER1, CSK, PTX3, CCR7, LILRA3, COL17A1, ZFP36, TBC1D9, FCGR1A, ORAI1, TNFRSF8, DNASE1L3, MYO9B, LILRB4, MAVS, SSB, GABPA, PSMB8, GPR151, GPR166P, LPAR3, VN1R17P, IL24, KIR2DS1, ITGAL, KIR3DL2, LGALS1, INPP5D, ITGAX, CXCL8, IRAK1, IFNAR1, TNC, KLRB1, LGALS3, CLEC4A, CD69, PRKCQ, DDX58, TNFSF14, NM, MAP4K3, IL17B, MAPK14, EGR2, MIR142, IRAK4, CD55, DBP, HSP90AA1, MUC1, DSG1, NR4A2, ROBO3, TBX21, CALR, ACP1, AGER, HRH4, USO1, PPARG, LOC102724971, ANXA1, LOC102723407, PTPA, HPSE, SEC14L2, CEACAM1, ARID5A, NXF1, MERTK, MTHFR, DNMT1, GNAO1, NT5C1A, CFH, CD83, CCL3L1, BTLA, HLA-DQB2, GCK, MSC, HLA-DRB3, IL32, HMOX1, SELL, NR4A1, FMR1, PTPN6, FLNB, LGALS8, IL1F10, HSPA1A, ZC3H12A, FOXO1, PDCD1LG2, BTNL2, CD276, MEFV, THSD7A, FOXJ1, HIF1A, PML, TP63, KRAS, SPPL2A, PGF, ERVK-6, POMC, LSM2, MRC1, RNF19A, CD46, MST1, CD200, COX2, PSMB9, LAG3, TNFAIP8L2, NFATC2, PTGS2, NFAT5, FAM167A, NOS2, PELI1, SMAD7, NT5E, RAB4A, IKZF4, IGHV3-52, POU1F1, SIRPG, IFNL1, DNASE2, POLDIP2, LCE3C, LCE3B, GPR183, EGR3, DST, DEK, SLC20A1, MIF-AS1, MAP4K1, MICA, HDAC9, BCR, RPL17-C18orf32, IFNL2, ESR2, HSP90B1, ESRRB, CXCL13, COPD, EZH2, SPATA2, ENTPD1, C3AR1, LRPPRC, CASP1, TLR5, IL20, IL21R, CDKN2A, CD34, CD14, CD52, CTSC, CHI3L1, DEF6, CD3E, CCR4, MBL3P, ADAM17, COL4A3, MIR326, KLRG1, CRK, STAT6, STAT5B, CTNNB1, CYP21A2, ADAMTS13, SEMA3A, GDE1, F9, PADI2, RORC, SERPINB3, AHSA1, LRR1, TRAF3IP2, DEXI, AGT, MTCO2P12, PARP1, HRES1, RPL17, SLAMF6, TREM1, IGHG3, ADA, ACTB, TYRO3, IL6ST, SOCS3, TMEM39A, IRF1, DNER, RAG2, HLA-DRB4, HLA-E, ROCK2, GH1, TRAF6, ISG15, FLII, C9orf72, AIMP2, SGK1, TIGIT, AR, GUCY2C, NUDT10, IKZF1, ALB, CCL5, AMPH, GRAP2, TYR, TRAF5, TYRP1, KDM6A, TPM3, HSP90B2P, TTN, RGCC, SGSM3, VPREB1, TLR3, PRKAR1A, PREP, THM, VAV1, SUGP1, STIM2, SP100, TFF3, SLC7A5, CD244, RTEL1, POU2AF1, CXCL5, NR4A3, CCL20, SCO1, ATF7IP, OTUB1, PTPRN, PRKDC, PTPRN2, TET2, SAMD9, RPS19, NECTIN1, FEZF2, RGS1, NEIL3, NUDT15, SHBG, PTGER4, GSDMB, PMEL, TCF7, CNTN2, TAP2, TAP1, PROC, ST2, SSRP1, GPR65, LEF1, DPYSL5, SPG7, MANF, SH3BP4, PSMD7, FOXD3, SLC5A5, DTL, IL17RA, LST1, SELE, H3P28, GLIS3, DEFB1, EGFR, CELSR3, BCL2L11, ABCB6, TSC22D3, IL1RAPL1, DLAT, DHODH, OPTN, POLR3A, CD160, VGLL3, CNR2, G3BP1, CYP24A1, MIR125A, CYP2B6, CXADR, MIR150, CST3, MIR17, TRIM13, MIR204, MIR22, EIF4E, CELA1, ELANE, WDHD1, RC3H1, GRIA3, GPER1, GPI, KAT2A, GAS6, LRRC32, GAPDH, SIGIRR, ACKR1, USP18, SOX13, FOLR2, NCR3, EXT1, ETV5, ERN1, ERBB3, ERBB2, EPO, EPHB2, NR1I3, ARMH1, CORT, MIR223, SIRPA, ARRB2, C5, TEC, FST, SERPING1, BSG, C4B_2, LILRB1, CXCR5, BAK1, LINC-ROR, ASCL2, ARR3, CNGB1, APOA1, BIRC3, ANXA5, AIF1, AHCY, JAG1, ERVK-32, ADAM10, ACP3, H3P13, MASP2, CXADRP1, CALCA, MIR499A, CASP3, CMKLR1, MIR23B, MIR29B1, MIR29B2, RABEPK, PRSS16, CDKN2D, LILRB2, LANCL1, CD74, CD72, CD70, CD59, TNFSF8, CD5L, CD4, CD1C, SERPINH1, WG, TRIM22, CAV1, EBNA1BP2, NOD1, CXCL1, IGHE, NR1I2, NRAS, RPSA, TNFSF12, NFKBIL1, MARCKSL1, LAIR1, LAD1, NOS1, KRT14, NOS3, KDR, KCNA3, OTULIN, JUNB, BMF, HARS2, ITGA4, PNP, MPZ, TIMD4, NEFM, LIF, GPR174, MDM2, ABCC1, WLS, COTL1, HDAC11, TARDBP, TNFRSF6B, CD84, MECP2, CFLAR, LPL, RIPK2, LYZ, HDAC3, LRP4, SYVN1, VTCN1, TNFSF9, LRP1, BCL11B, IRF7, TNFRSF25, HSPE1, IRF3, VSIR, SMOC2, PROK2, HRH1, IL1RL1, HOXC6, PLA2R1, ARHGEF2, HNRNPA1, MORC3, HNF4A, PKM, PLCG2, HLA-DRB5, PDLIM7, CD200R1, PAEP, NR3C2, IL22RA2, CLEC7A, PDX1, DEPTOR, ORMDL3, SEMA5A, IL6R, IL5, IL3, ARHGEF28, IL2RG, IGF1, IDDM8, SMUG1, TNPO3, CCR9, BRD4, UTS2, HCST, IGHV3-69-1, CLCF1, PDE10A, KLRA1P, IGHV3OR16-7, CD300C, SNAPIN, IFI44L, TSSK2, CARD8, TNRC6A, SLC7A9, ARHGAP26, PHGDH, HECW1, KIF21B, CLEC4E, MON2, ERAL1, PKP3, HRH3, SP140, DUSP12, FGF21, WDTC1, HSPB8, VSIG4, IL36RN, HBP1, STK38, MMRN1, ARL5A, CDC42EP1, HPGDS, LAT, DICER1, GCA, TNFAIP8, PRDX5, JMJD6, SS18L1, TNFRSF21, IKZF3, DSTN, RIPK3, WWP2, ACSBG1, CNTRL, DUSP14, AGO2, CIC, TAB2, DKK3, CDK19, CABIN1, NLRC5, TRIB2, IFNL3, MLKL, NLRC3, CRTC2, PRSS55, OTUD1, JAZF1, ADGRG3, VAMAS6, YTHDF3, NPNT, SGMS1, MILR1, THEMIS, GSDMA, TREML4, CLEC4D, TSPAN33, SYCN, TGM6, IRGM, TICAM2, AIS1, GSTK1, MALAT1, PGAM5, IDO2, GIMAP7, IFNLR1, EGLN2, PRRT2, TIRAP, LYPD1, GRIN3A, CYP2R1, RHEBL1, H4-16, PLD4, SOCS4, ZPBP2, SPNS2, NLRP5, TNFAIP8L1, IL17RE, SLCO6A1, DEFB104A, BPIFA2, SMCR8, PWAR1, SIX5, PLB1, ANKFN1, IL31, ILDR2, CCDC22, MIR3614, H4C15, MIR20B, MIR146B, HNRNPA1P10, MIR584, KIR2DS2, HLP, DEFB4B, MIR1238, MIR1908, TMED7-TICAM2, RAB4B-EGLN2, RTL1, ERVK-20, PSC, ERVK-18, LINC01882, LOC105379528, GSTT1-AS1, RN7SL263P, SIRT1-AS, EEF1AKMT4-ECE2, H3P23, H3P24, DEFB104B, MIR424, MIR423, MIR382, CCL4L1, LOC390714, ST20, LINC00951, MIR140, MIR148A, MIR15A, MIR182, MIR183, MIR199A1, MIR199A2, MIR20A, MIR221, MIR30A, MIR320A, MIR34A, MIR93, MIR96, TNFSF12-TNFSF13, DEFB103A, MDD1, MIR340, CISD2, EPSTI1, FOXQ1, FOXP2, XKR8, PTOV1, IL20RA, IL20RB, DNAJC10, APBB1IP, EGLN1, BCOR, PXK, BANP, LAMTOR1, MARCHF1, RAVER2, BPIFB1, QRSL1, FBXW7, LGR4, PRO2268, GPRC5D, VAC14, ZNF415, PAG1, ASH1L, GPRC5C, DEFB103B, RTRAF, TRIM33, HDAC7, POMP, DCPS, FLVCR1, C1GALT1C1, IL19, EFEMP2, ERVW-1, CXXC1, MINK1, CD207, NOX3, DELEC1, F11R, TRAT1, TMED5, TMED7, GAL, CRYL1, CHCHD2, DCXR, MZB1, TFDP3, UBAP1, SLC25A37, SUCNR1, RETN, SPHK2, SLC52A2, RTL10, MANEA, CCDC134, KIAA0319L, NAA25, ARMC9, TET1, TSGA10, MPIG6B, HM13, UNC93B1, FCRL4, GPR61, ZCCHC7, HVCN1, CARD11, SPZ1, INSM2, FCRLA, TMEM60, TRIM5, SYS1, ZNF804A, NLRX1, FCRL2, C1GALT1, MMP28, DUSP22, PCBP4, CD248, CD177, SLURP1, ABHD6, GATAD2B, SERINC1, TAOK1, ZFAT, NCOA5, ZNF410, CXCL16, IGAN1, GAS5, BCORL1, PDLIM2, AZI2, IL25, CDCP1, PINK1, RAPH1, DHX58, YME1L1, ABCA4, POLD3, HGF, HLA-DRB2, HLA-DRA, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DOB, HLA-DMA, HK1, HELLS, HMGN1, HDAC1, GZMK, GYPA, GTF2B, GSTT1, GSTM1, HLA-F, HMGN2, IFIT3, HSPA1L, CFI, IDDM6, IAPP, HSPG2, HSPA8, HSPA2, HES1, FOXA1, PRMT1, HRH2, HPRT1, TLX1, HNRNPD, FOXA2, GSN, GRM3, GRIN2A, FOXO3, FOSB, FOS, FOLR1, FLT3LG, MLANA, FLG, FKBP1B, GRIN1, FKBP1A, FHL1, FH, FEN1, FCN2, FCN1, CENPI, FUCA1, FUCA2, FUS, FUT1, SLC37A4, GATA3, GC, GCG, GCH1, GFER, GFI1, CBLIF, GPC3, GPR25, GPT, GPX1, IFI27, IGFALS, NFATC1, MAS1, MAP3K1, MEF2D, MDK, MCM3, MCL1, MCAM, MARK1, MICB, MAN2A1, MAG, SMAD4, M6PR, LTBR, LTBP3, KITLG, CXCL9, IGFBP3, MYH1, NCF4, NCF2, NCAM1, NARS1, NAIP, MYH9, MUTYH, MLH1, MTX1, MTTP, ATP8, ATP6, MSH2, MMP1, LTB, LRP2, LPA, IL12RB1, ITK, ITGAE, IRF6, IRF2, ING2, ILK, IL9R, LMNA, IL4R, IL1R1, IKBKB, IGHA1, CCN1, IGFBP6, ITPA, ITPR3, JUN, JUND, KARS1, KIR2DL2, KIR3DS1, KLRC1, KLRD1, KNG1, KRT1, KRT10, KTN1, LAMB1, LBR, LGALS3BP, LIG4, FABP4, F5, F3, C2, CA5A, CA1, FMNL1, C4BPB, C4BPA, C3, C1QA, CACNA1A, C1QBP, TSPO, BTC, ZFP36L1, BRAF, BMP7, CA6, DDR1, F2R, CAV2, CD8A, CD3G, CD2, CCT6A, CBL, RUNX3, CAT, CALCR, CASQ2, CASQ1, CASP10, CASP8, CAPZB, CALML3, BMP5, BMP2, BMI1, AGRP, AMH, ABCD1, ALCAM, AKT2, NR0B1, AGTR1, ACAN, CFB, ADRB1, ADM, ACTA1, ACHE, ABR, ABO, ANPEP, ANXA6, BIRC2, APOE, AREG, ARG1, ARNTL, ARSD, ARSL, ATP4A, ATP5PO, AVP, AXL, BACH1, BAX, BCL3, BDNF, CD27, CD36, CDK1, DPT, DUSP2, DUSP1, DTX1, DSC2, DSC1, SLC26A3, DNMT3A, DDIT3, DIO2, DIAPH2, DHFR, DHCR7, GSDME, DEFB4A, E2F2, ECM1, EGF, ELAVL2, ELAVL4, ELK3, ELN, MARK2, ENG, ENO2, ENO3, EPHA4, EPHB1, NR2F6, ERG, ERV3-1, EXT2, DDX5, GADD45A, CDC25C, CLU, CREB1, CR1, COX8A, MAP3K8, COL9A3, CNR1, CHRNA4, DCT, CHI3L2, CFTR, CDR2, CDK9, CDK8, CDH1, CREBBP, CREM, CRYGD, CSF3, CSF3R, CSN2, CCN2, CTSB, CTSG, CTSV, CTSS, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A5, CYP19A1, DCC, NEU1, NFIL3, DCTN6, H4C1, H4C8, H4C3, H4C11, H4C12, H4C6, H4C4, EOMES, H4C5, H4C9, NCOA3, MADCAM1, AP3B2, KMT2D, FOSL1, H4C2, H4C13, EIF3C, KHSRP, RNASET2, RTCA, PDE8B, TNFSF11, PRKRA, PDLIM4, YARS1, H4C14, BHLHE40, IKBKG, PARG, CILP, PLA2G6, LOH19CR1, CSRP3, DDX39B, SCLC1, TSPAN7, TRP-AGG2-5, TRAF3, CRISP2, TPP2, TOP1, TNP1, TIAM1, IL1R2, THBS1, TH, TGFBR2, TGFBI, TGFB3, TERT, TRPC1, TRPM2, TSC2, TTR, TXN, TYROBP, UBE2D3, UBTF, USP4, VCAM1, WFS1, WNT5A, XRCC1, YWHAZ, ZBTB16, RNF112, DNALI1, KCNK5, RIPK1, NFKB2, BCAP31, DDX39A, PSME3, ATP6AP2, TRIM28, TOB1, NAMPT, CERT1, TRIB1, TSPAN32, PTPRU, IL18BP, HDAC6, DGCR2, GAB2, PSMD14, AKR1A1, TNFRSF18, ZNRD2, KLF1, CELF2, KHDRBS1, RBCK1, SLCO1B1, BATF, KAT5, CCL26, SEMA4D, IFI30, PRMT5, CPQ, KLF2, ABCA7, TOX, ECE2, SOCS5, KAT2B, F2RL3, MBD2, BCL10, EIF2B5, SPHK1, IER3, ALKBH1, RGS6, SOCS2, GMPS, NRP1, IL1RL2, IL18RAP, TNFRSF11A, ARTN, PSTPIP1, CBFA2T2, PDCD5, MYOM2, OSMR, LRRFIP1, STK17B, S1PR2, CD163, RPL23, ABCG2, GSTO1, IL27RA, GOSR1, CLOCK, APOBEC3B, TMBIM6, TDO2, TBP, PRKCA, MAP2K2, MAP2K1, MAPK3, PKN2, PRKCD, PRKCB, PRKAB1, PRLR, PRKAA2, PRKAA1, PRF1, PPP2R2B, PPL, PPARD, EIF2AK2, PROS1, TALDO1, PSME1, PTPN12, PTPN11, PTPN1, PTN, PTGER2, PTCH1, PSMD13, PRSS1, PSMD10, PSMD9, PSMD4, PSMB10, PSMA6, PSG1, PPARA, POU2F1, PON3, OCA2, SERPINE1, P4HB, P2RY11, P2RX7, OSM, SLC22A18, OAS1, PNN, YBX1, NPR3, NOTCH3, NME1, NGF, NFKBIA, PAK2, PAX4, PBX1, PDE3B, PDE4A, PDGFRA, VIT, SLC25A3, PIGA, PIM1, PIK3R1, PIN1, PLA2G1B, PLD1, PLG, PLP1, PMP22, PTPN13, PTPRM, PVR, SLC2A1, SIGLEC1, SMARCE1, SLC22A1, SLC6A8, SLC6A2, SLC3A2, SLC1A5, XCL1, SKI, SH3BP2, SRSF1, SELPLG, SELP, SDCBP, SNRPD1, SOD1, SOD3, SOS1, ABL1, SPIB, SPR, SPTAN1, SST, ST14, STAT5A, STK3, AURKA, STK11, STYX, TBXT, TACR3, SDC1, CCL24, NECTIN2, RBBP6, RIEG2, RHEB, RHD, RFX1, REN, OPN1LW, RASGRF1, CCL22, RASA1, RANBP2, RAF1, RAD51B, RAC2, RAC1, RNASE3, RORA, RPA2, RPS6KB2, RPS26, RRAS, S100A1, S100A10, S100A12, S100B, SAA1, SAA2, SAFB, SATB1, SCD, CCL17, CCL19, SPARC
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Patellar Tendon Rupture
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : S76.1 ICD - 9-CM : 727.66 External resources eMedicine : article/1249472 v t e Soft tissue disorders Capsular joint Synoviopathy Synovitis / Tenosynovitis Calcific tendinitis Stenosing tenosynovitis Trigger finger De Quervain syndrome Transient synovitis Ganglion cyst osteochondromatosis Synovial osteochondromatosis Plica syndrome villonodular synovitis Giant-cell tumor of the tendon sheath Bursopathy Bursitis Olecranon Prepatellar Trochanteric Subacromial Achilles Retrocalcaneal Ischial Iliopsoas Synovial cyst Baker's cyst Calcific bursitis Noncapsular joint Symptoms Ligamentous laxity Hypermobility Enthesopathy / Enthesitis / Tendinopathy upper limb Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder Impingement syndrome Rotator cuff tear Golfer's elbow Tennis elbow lower limb Iliotibial band syndrome Patellar tendinitis Achilles tendinitis Calcaneal spur Metatarsalgia Bone spur other/general: Tendinitis / Tendinosis Nonjoint Fasciopathy Fasciitis : Plantar Nodular Necrotizing Eosinophilic Fibromatosis / contracture Dupuytren's contracture Plantar fibromatosis Aggressive fibromatosis Knuckle pads v t e Dislocations / subluxations , sprains and strains Joints and ligaments Head and neck Dislocation of jaw Whiplash Shoulder and upper arm GH ( Dislocated shoulder ) AC ( Separated shoulder ) ALPSA lesion SLAP tear Bankart lesion Elbow and forearm Pulled elbow Gamekeeper's thumb Hip and thigh Hip dislocation Knee and leg Tear of meniscus Anterior cruciate ligament injury Unhappy triad Patellar dislocation Knee dislocation Ankle and foot Sprained ankle ( High ankle sprain ) Turf toe Muscles and tendons Shoulder and upper arm Rotator cuff tear Hip and thigh Pulled hamstring Knee and leg Patellar tendon rupture Achilles tendon rupture Shin splints
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Abortion In Iceland
Wikipedia
There are reports that the high rate of pregnancy termination in response to positive results has led to the near-eradication of Down syndrome in Iceland. [9] But this is also explained as misinterpretation of statistics on a very small number of births and explained that more accurate difference is only about 10% less Down compared to other European countries. [10] References [ edit ] ^ Lög um ráðgjöf og fræðslu varðandi kynlíf og barneignir og um fóstureyðingar og ófrjósemisaðgerðir (in Icelandic) ^ a b c d "Abortion in Iceland" . ... : Inside the country where Down syndrome is disappearing" . CBS News . August 15, 2017. Since prenatal screening tests were introduced in Iceland in the early 2000s, the vast majority of women -- close to 100 percent -- who received a positive test for Down syndrome terminated their pregnancy. ^ " " Let's Talk about Iceland": Iceland and Down Syndrome: what the numbers really say" .
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Hypophosphatemia
Wikipedia
Hypophosphatemia Other names Low blood phosphate, phosphate deficiency, hypophosphataemia Phosphate group chemical structure Specialty Endocrinology Symptoms Weakness, trouble breathing, loss of appetite [1] Complications Seizures , coma , rhabdomyolysis , softening of the bones [1] Causes Alcoholism , refeeding in those with malnutrition , hyperventilation , diabetic ketoacidosis , burns , certain medications [1] Diagnostic method Blood phosphate < 0.81 mmol/L (2.5 mg/dL) [1] Treatment Based on the underlying cause, phosphate [1] [2] Frequency 2% (people in hospital) [1] Hypophosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is a low level of phosphate in the blood . [1] Symptoms may include weakness, trouble breathing, and loss of appetite. [1] Complications may include seizures , coma , rhabdomyolysis , or softening of the bones . [1] Causes include alcoholism , refeeding in those with malnutrition , diabetic ketoacidosis , burns , hyperventilation , and certain medications. [1] It may also occur in the setting of hyperparathyroidism , hypothyroidism , and Cushing syndrome . [1] It is diagnosed based on a blood phosphate concentration of less than 0.81 mmol/L (2.5 mg/dL). [1] When levels are below 0.32 mmol/L (1.0 mg/dL) it is deemed to be severe. [2] Treatment depends on the underlying cause. [1] Phosphate may be given by mouth or by injection into a vein. [1] Hypophosphatemia occurs in about 2% of people within hospital and 70% of people in the intensive care unit (ICU). [1] [3] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Causes 3 Pathophysiology 4 Diagnosis 5 Treatment 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Muscle dysfunction and weakness – This occurs in major muscles, but also may manifest as: diplopia , low cardiac output, dysphagia , and respiratory depression due to respiratory muscle weakness. ... Increased affinity for oxygen in the blood caused by decreased production of 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid . Causes [ edit ] Refeeding syndrome – This causes a demand for phosphate in cells due to the action of hexokinase , an enzyme that attaches phosphate to glucose to begin metabolism of glucose. ... Laboratory findings include low-normal serum calcium , moderately low serum phosphate , elevated serum alkaline phosphatase , and low serum 1,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D levels, hyperphosphaturia , and no evidence of hyperparathyroidism . [5] Hypophosphatemia decreases 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) causing a left shift in the oxyhemoglobin curve. [ citation needed ] Other rarer causes include: Certain blood cancers such as lymphoma or leukemia Hereditary causes Liver failure Tumor-induced osteomalacia [ citation needed ] Pathophysiology [ edit ] Hypophosphatemia is caused by the following three mechanisms: Inadequate intake (often unmasked in refeeding after long-term low phosphate intake) Increased excretion (e.g. in hyperparathyroidism , hypophosphatemic rickets) Shift of phosphorus from the extracellular to the intracellular space. [ clarification needed ] This can be seen in treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis , refeeding, short-term increases in cellular demand (e.g. hungry bone syndrome ) and acute respiratory alkalosis . [ citation needed ] Diagnosis [ edit ] Hypophosphatemia is diagnosed by measuring the concentration of phosphate in the blood. ... Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12264 External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : E83.3 ICD - 9-CM : 275.3 MeSH : D017674 DiseasesDB : 6503 External resources MedlinePlus : 000307 eMedicine : med/1135 Patient UK : Hypophosphatemia v t e Metal deficiency and toxicity disorders Iron excess: Iron overload Hemochromatosis Hemochromatosis/HFE1 Juvenile/HFE2 HFE3 African iron overload/HFE4 Aceruloplasminemia Atransferrinemia Hemosiderosis deficiency: Iron deficiency Copper excess: Copper toxicity Wilson's disease deficiency: Copper deficiency Menkes disease / Occipital horn syndrome Zinc excess: Zinc toxicity deficiency: Acrodermatitis enteropathica Other Inborn errors of metabolismSLC34A1, NR1I2, FGFR1, PHEX, FGF23, SLC34A3, DMP1, FAM20C, VDR, SLC9A3R1, SLC2A2, PTH, PTH1R, ALDOB, CDC73, ALG13, TNFSF11, SUCLG1, GCM2, SNX10, OCRL, TCIRG1, CTNS, CYP27B1, PTCHD1-AS, CASR, AP2S1, GNAS, CLCN5, CYP2R1, CLCN7, COL4A3, FBN1, MEN1, GPT, ENPP1, FGF2, SFRP4, PER2, HRAS, KL, AZI2, TAB3, CORO7, NCKAP1, MEPE, ANKH, TRMO, DTL, GGTLC1, NAA25, SRY, NAMPT, NRAS, BCR, CST3, FGF7, FGFR3, CXCL8, NAP1L1, SLC20A2, ACOT8, SMS, AQP2, TCF21, NAPSA, CLOCK, RAPGEF5, LOC102724197
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Arthralgia
Wikipedia
Arthralgia Specialty Rheumatology Arthralgia (from Greek arthro- , joint + -algos , pain) literally means joint pain . [1] [2] Specifically, arthralgia is a symptom of injury , infection , illness (in particular arthritis ), or an allergic reaction to medication . [3] According to MeSH , the term "arthralgia" should only be used when the condition is non-inflammatory, and the term "arthritis" should be used when the condition is inflammatory . [4] Contents 1 Causes 2 Diagnosis 3 Treatment 4 See also 5 References Causes [ edit ] The causes of arthralgia are varied and range, from a joints perspective, from degenerative and destructive processes such as osteoarthritis and sports injuries to inflammation of tissues surrounding the joints, such as bursitis . [5] These might be triggered by other things, such as infections or vaccinations. [6] Cause Mono- or polyarticular Speed of onset Rheumatoid arthritis Polyarticular [7] Weeks–months [8] Systemic lupus erythematosus Polyarticular [7] Months [9] Viral arthritis Polyarticular [7] Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome [10] Reactive arthritis Polyarticular [7] Rheumatic fever Polyarticular [7] Lyme disease Polyarticular [7] Gonococcal arthritis Polyarticular [7] Drug-induced arthritis Polyarticular [7] Ligamentous laxity Polyarticular [7] Osteoarthritis Monoarticular [7] Gout attack Monoarticular [7] Hours [11] Pseudogout Monoarticular [7] Behcet's Disease Monoarticular [7] Physical trauma Monoarticular [7] Immediate Septic arthritis Monoarticular [7] Hours [11] Hemarthrosis Monoarticular [7] 5HT2-antagonists [12] Henoch-Schonlein purpura [13] Diagnosis [ edit ] Diagnosis involves interviewing the patient and performing physical exams . ... "Table 161.1. Some Common Regional Rheumatic Syndromes" . Clinical Methods - The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations . ... PMID 20813207 . ^ "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - Symptoms and causes" . Retrieved 10 February 2018 . ^ a b Page 740 (upper right of page) in: Schaider, Jeffrey; Wolfson, Allan B.; Hendey, Gregory W.; Ling, Louis; Rosen, Carlo L. (2009). ... Classification D ICD - 10 : M25.5 ICD - 9-CM : 719.4 MeSH : D018771 DiseasesDB : 15237 External resources MedlinePlus : 003261 v t e Diseases of joints General Arthritis Monoarthritis Oligoarthritis Polyarthritis Symptoms Joint pain Joint stiffness Inflammatory Infectious Septic arthritis Tuberculosis arthritis Crystal Chondrocalcinosis CPPD (Psudogout) Gout Seronegative Reactive arthritis Psoriatic arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Other Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Felty's syndrome Palindromic rheumatism Adult-onset Still's disease Noninflammatory Hemarthrosis Osteoarthritis Heberden's node Bouchard's nodes Osteophyte v t e Pain By region/system Head and neck Headache Neck Odynophagia (swallowing) Toothache Respiratory system Sore throat Pleurodynia Musculoskeletal Arthralgia (joint) Bone pain Myalgia (muscle) Acute Delayed-onset Neurologic Neuralgia Pain asymbolia Pain disorder Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder Allodynia Chronic pain Hyperalgesia Hypoalgesia Hyperpathia Phantom pain Referred pain Congenital insensitivity to pain congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis congenital insensitivity to pain with partial anhidrosis Other Pelvic pain Proctalgia Back Low back pain Measurement and testing Pain scale Cold pressor test Dolorimeter Grimace scale (animals) Hot plate test Tail flick test Visual analogue scale Pathophysiology Nociception Anterolateral system Posteromarginal nucleus Substance P Management Analgesia Anesthesia Cordotomy Pain eradication Related concepts Pain threshold Pain tolerance Suffering SOCRATES Philosophy of pain Cancer pain Drug-seeking behaviorMVK, CSF3, HFE, NLRP3, SLC40A1, IL6, IL1RN, PRTN3, TNXB, ANTXR2, TET2, MEFV, NOD2, IL10, DSE, NFKB2, PHEX, PIGT, POMP, ERAP1, PRKCD, TREM2, ASPN, NOTCH2, PSMB8, PSMB4, UFSP2, NFKB1, LIMK1, IL12A, IL12B, IRAK1, SEPTIN9, ABCG5, JAK2, LDLR, LMNA, PTH1R, MATN3, NLRC4, MECP2, MIF, MMP2, ANKH, MPL, PSMB9, PLCG2, PTPN2, RFC2, XPA, XPC, TNFRSF13B, KLRC4, TNFSF12, TREX1, BAZ1B, AIP, PSTPIP1, CHST3, GTF2IRD1, LPIN2, TMEM94, MFN2, MAFB, SH2B3, AFG3L2, CLIP2, LEMD3, VCP, SPP1, IL2RB, ATXN2, TRAPPC2, SFRP4, ICOS, SLC12A3, SLCO2A1, STAT4, TYROBP, MLX, TBL2, PTPN22, LDLRAP1, TLR4, TNFRSF1A, TRPS1, MSMO1, IRF5, IL2RA, OTULIN, CLCNKB, CCR1, CCR6, COL2A1, COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, COL11A1, COL11A2, COMP, COPA, TNFRSF13C, CPOX, CCN2, CTLA4, CTNNB1, NLRP12, CD81, LACC1, IL23R, FLG-AS1, APC, APOB, FAS, ASAH1, ATP7B, IL12A-AS1, RNU4ATAC, C1QA, MS4A1, C1R, C4A, UBAC2, PCSK9, CAV1, CD247, CD19, CYP19A1, CR2, LMNB2, GNPTG, FLG, DDB2, FTL, GLA, GTF2I, HBB, HGD, HLA-B, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1, HMBS, ANKRD55, HPGD, ABCG8, GPR101, SRCAP, TUBB6, ERCC4, SLC26A2, ELN, ENG, ERCC5, ERCC2, ERCC3, EPOR, CRP, TNF, BRAF, CXCL8, TTN, ACR, PTGS2, DPP4, MMP3, VDR, IL1B, CARD14, GGTLC1, KIFBP, PSIP1, LOC102724197, IL37, SAMD4A, PDCD1LG2, AGBL2, SF3B1, TRPV4, PADI4, ASXL1, ACAD8, CD274, SLC52A1, CFAP97, PANX1, ABO, UST, CYP17A1, LRP1, ITPA, IL1A, IFNB1, HMGCR, FCGR1B, FCGR1A, F8, F2RL1, ESRRB, ACE, CYP27B1, CYP2A6, MCC, CPA1, COX8A, COL1A1, CD40LG, CD40, CASR, CALCA, C4BPA, BTF3P11, BMP2, BDNF, ACAN, MAPT, MMP1, ABCB6, SPR, IL32, NR1I2, TNFRSF11A, PDE5A, TCL1A, YWHAE, VEGFA, TPMT, TLR2, TIMP4, TFR2, PRDX2, SNRPG, MMP8, SLC6A4, SLC5A2, CCL8, PRNP, PMAIP1, ABCB1, ENPP1, PDCD1, PAFAH1B1, P2RX7, TNFRSF11B, COX2, MTCO2P12
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Macrocytic Anemia
Wikipedia
., iron deficiency anemia ) and thus are suggestive of megaloblastic anemia but not specific for it. [1] An increased red cell distribution width ( anisocytosis ) also suggests megaloblastosis and is commonly seen in Vitamin B 12 deficiency and folic acid deficiency. [1] This type of anemia is caused by impaired DNA synthesis and repair, often from deficient thymidine production. [1] Thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome also causes megaloblastic anemia. [1] The red blood cells grow larger because they cannot produce DNA quickly enough to divide at the right time as they grow and thus grow too large before division. [ citation needed ] Additional causes of megaloblastic anemia include medications that interfere with DNA synthesis or with the absorption or metabolism of Vitamin B12 or folate such as methotrexate , sulfasalazine , metformin , anticonvulsant medications (e.g., valproic acid or phenytoin ), certain antibiotics (e.g., trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ), antiretroviral medications, cholestyramine , triamterene , and nitrous oxide . [1] Non-Megaloblastic anemias [ edit ] Red cell membrane disorders producing codocytes [ edit ] Other disorders which cause macrocytosis without DNA replication problems (i.e., non -megaloblastic macrocytic anemias), are disorders associated with increased red cell membrane surface area, such as pathologies of the liver and spleen which produce codocytes or "target cells" which have a central collection of hemoglobin surrounded by a pallor (a thin area) then followed by a thicker collection of hemoglobin at the rim of the cell. [ citation needed ] Alcohol [ edit ] Round macrocytes which are not codocytes are produced in chronic alcoholism (which produces a mild macrocytosis even in the absence of vitamin deficiency), apparently as a direct toxic effect of alcohol specifically on the bone marrow . [2] Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the most common causes of macrocytosis and non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemia. [1] Association with rapid red cell turnover and reticulocytosis [ edit ] Mild macrocytosis is a common finding associated with rapid blood restoration or production, since in general, "fresh" or newly produced red cells ( reticulocytes ) are larger than the mean (average) size, due to slow shrinkage of normal cells over a normal red cell circulating lifetime. ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : D52.9 MeSH : D000748 v t e Diseases of red blood cells ↑ Polycythemia Polycythemia vera ↓ Anemia Nutritional Micro- : Iron-deficiency anemia Plummer–Vinson syndrome Macro- : Megaloblastic anemia Pernicious anemia Hemolytic (mostly normo- ) Hereditary enzymopathy : Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency glycolysis pyruvate kinase deficiency triosephosphate isomerase deficiency hexokinase deficiency hemoglobinopathy : Thalassemia alpha beta delta Sickle cell disease / trait Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin membrane : Hereditary spherocytosis Minkowski–Chauffard syndrome Hereditary elliptocytosis Southeast Asian ovalocytosis Hereditary stomatocytosis Acquired AIHA Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia Cold agglutinin disease Donath–Landsteiner hemolytic anemia Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia membrane paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia Thrombotic microangiopathy Hemolytic–uremic syndrome Drug-induced autoimmune Drug-induced nonautoimmune Hemolytic disease of the newborn Aplastic (mostly normo- ) Hereditary : Fanconi anemia Diamond–Blackfan anemia Acquired: Pure red cell aplasia Sideroblastic anemia Myelophthisic Blood tests Mean corpuscular volume normocytic microcytic macrocytic Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration normochromic hypochromic Other Methemoglobinemia Sulfhemoglobinemia ReticulocytopeniaTHRA, APC, KIT, RPS14, ALAS2, RPS17, RPS19, RPS7, RPS10, RPS15A, RPS24, RPL27, RPS26, RPS27, RPS28, RPS29, TCN2, RPL35A, RPL18, RPL26, DNM1L, RPL15, RPL11, RPL5, RMRP, OPA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQA1, GATA1, LARS1, ADA2, TET2, TSR2, TANGO2, RPL35, CDAN1, ADH1B, TP53, SF3B1, ALDH2, ZRSR2, MTHFS, NAAA, TRIB2, CD320, EGR1, CSF3, CSF1R, TASP1, CDAN3, SFXN4
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Laryngomalacia
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : Q31.5 ICD - 9-CM : 748.3 OMIM : 150280 MeSH : D055092 DiseasesDB : 29421 External resources eMedicine : ped/1280 v t e Congenital malformations and deformations of respiratory system Upper RT Nose Choanal atresia Arrhinia Larynx Laryngeal cyst Laryngocele Laryngomalacia Lower RT Trachea and bronchus Tracheomalacia Tracheal stenosis Bronchomalacia Tracheobronchomegaly Lung Bronchiectasis Pulmonary hypoplasia Pulmonary sequestration Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation v t e Diseases of the respiratory system Upper RT (including URTIs , common cold ) Head sinuses Sinusitis nose Rhinitis Vasomotor rhinitis Atrophic rhinitis Hay fever Nasal polyp Rhinorrhea nasal septum Nasal septum deviation Nasal septum perforation Nasal septal hematoma tonsil Tonsillitis Adenoid hypertrophy Peritonsillar abscess Neck pharynx Pharyngitis Strep throat Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Retropharyngeal abscess larynx Croup Laryngomalacia Laryngeal cyst Laryngitis Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Laryngospasm vocal cords Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Vocal fold nodule Vocal fold paresis Vocal cord dysfunction epiglottis Epiglottitis trachea Tracheitis Laryngotracheal stenosis Lower RT / lung disease (including LRTIs ) Bronchial / obstructive acute Acute bronchitis chronic COPD Chronic bronchitis Acute exacerbation of COPD ) Asthma ( Status asthmaticus Aspirin-induced Exercise-induced Bronchiectasis Cystic fibrosis unspecified Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis obliterans Diffuse panbronchiolitis Interstitial / restrictive ( fibrosis ) External agents/ occupational lung disease Pneumoconiosis Aluminosis Asbestosis Baritosis Bauxite fibrosis Berylliosis Caplan's syndrome Chalicosis Coalworker's pneumoconiosis Siderosis Silicosis Talcosis Byssinosis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Bagassosis Bird fancier's lung Farmer's lung Lycoperdonosis Other ARDS Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema Pulmonary edema Löffler's syndrome / Eosinophilic pneumonia Respiratory hypersensitivity Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Hamman-Rich syndrome Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Sarcoidosis Vaping-associated pulmonary injury Obstructive / Restrictive Pneumonia / pneumonitis By pathogen Viral Bacterial Pneumococcal Klebsiella Atypical bacterial Mycoplasma Legionnaires' disease Chlamydiae Fungal Pneumocystis Parasitic noninfectious Chemical / Mendelson's syndrome Aspiration / Lipid By vector/route Community-acquired Healthcare-associated Hospital-acquired By distribution Broncho- Lobar IIP UIP DIP BOOP-COP NSIP RB Other Atelectasis circulatory Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary embolism Lung abscess Pleural cavity / mediastinum Pleural disease Pleuritis/pleurisy Pneumothorax / Hemopneumothorax Pleural effusion Hemothorax Hydrothorax Chylothorax Empyema/pyothorax Malignant Fibrothorax Mediastinal disease Mediastinitis Mediastinal emphysema Other/general Respiratory failure Influenza Common cold SARS Coronavirus disease 2019 Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
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Disease Mongering
Wikipedia
Payer defined disease mongering as a set of practices which include the following: [1] Stating that normal human experiences are abnormal and in need of treatment Claiming to recognize suffering which is not present Defining a disease such that a large number of people have it Defining a disease's cause as some ambiguous deficiency or hormonal imbalance Associating a disease with a public relations spin campaign Directing the framing of public discussion of a disease Intentionally misusing statistics to exaggerate treatment benefits Setting a dubious clinical endpoint in research Advertising a treatment as without side effect Advertising a common symptom as a serious disease The incidence of conditions not previously defined as illness being medicalised as "diseases" is difficult to scientifically assess due to the inherent social and political nature of the definition of what constitutes a disease, and what aspects of the human condition should be managed according to a medical model. [2] For example, halitosis, the condition which prompted Payer to coin the phrase "disease mongering", isn't merely an imagined social stigma but can stem from any of a wide spectrum of conditions spanning from bacterial infection of the gums to kidney failure, and is recognized by the Scientific Council of the American Dental Association as "a recognizable condition which deserves professional attention". [3] Examples [ edit ] Australian journalist Ray Moynihan has argued that the pharmaceutical industry engages in disease mongering to enlarge its profits, and that it harms citizens. [4] His use of osteoporosis as an example of a "made up" disease in this article prompted an angry retort from the president of the British National Osteoporosis Society, stating that the article was insulting to people with osteoporosis and vastly understated the risk of disabling fractures associated with the disorder. [5] Moynihan published a satire of disease mongering in the 2006 April Fool's Day issue of BMJ titled "Scientists find new disease: motivational deficiency disorder". [6] Other conditions which have been cited as examples of disease mongering include restless leg syndrome, [7] testosterone deficiency, [8] erectile dysfunction, [9] hypoactive sexual desire disorder. [10] Some of these conditions are recognized as medical disorders by professional medical societies [11] and the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence. [12] In 2014 an FDA advisory committee voted to limit the use of testosterone replacement therapy products due to potentially increased cardiovascular risk associated with their use. [13] A 2006 Newcastle, New South Wales international conference, reported in PLoS Medicine , explored the phenomenon of disease mongering. [14] See also [ edit ] medicine portal Inverse benefit law Medicalization Quaternary prevention Schooliosis – an example of disease mongering due to overdiagnosis References [ edit ] ^ Payer, Lynn (1992). ... PMID 16597180 . v t e Unnecessary health care Causes Direct-to-consumer advertising Overscreening Overdiagnosis Fee-for-service Defensive medicine Unwarranted variation Overmedication Over medicalization Prescription cascade Quaternary prevention Disease mongering Political abuse of psychiatry Overused health care Caesarean delivery on maternal request Antibiotic misuse Benzodiazepine use disorder Effects of long-term benzodiazepine use Opioid use disorder Psychoactive drug Proton-pump inhibitor Polypharmacy treatment of incidentaloma Tools and Situations Deprescribing Choosing Wisely Medication discontinuation Withdrawal syndrome Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome Works about unnecessary health care Overtreated The Treatment Trap Selling Sickness Overdosed America
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Murine Typhus
Wikipedia
Find sources: "Murine typhus" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( January 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Murine typhus Other names Endemic typhus Chest Xray of a 40 yr old male in acute respiratory distress syndrome as a complication of murine typhus Specialty Infectious disease Murine typhus is a form of typhus transmitted by fleas ( Xenopsylla cheopis ), usually on rats . ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : A75.2 ICD - 9-CM : 081.0 MeSH : D014437 DiseasesDB : 32211 External resources Orphanet : 83315 v t e Proteobacteria -associated Gram-negative bacterial infections α Rickettsiales Rickettsiaceae / ( Rickettsioses ) Typhus Rickettsia typhi Murine typhus Rickettsia prowazekii Epidemic typhus , Brill–Zinsser disease , Flying squirrel typhus Spotted fever Tick-borne Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia conorii Boutonneuse fever Rickettsia japonica Japanese spotted fever Rickettsia sibirica North Asian tick typhus Rickettsia australis Queensland tick typhus Rickettsia honei Flinders Island spotted fever Rickettsia africae African tick bite fever Rickettsia parkeri American tick bite fever Rickettsia aeschlimannii Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection Mite-borne Rickettsia akari Rickettsialpox Orientia tsutsugamushi Scrub typhus Flea-borne Rickettsia felis Flea-borne spotted fever Anaplasmataceae Ehrlichiosis : Anaplasma phagocytophilum Human granulocytic anaplasmosis , Anaplasmosis Ehrlichia chaffeensis Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia ewingii Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection Rhizobiales Brucellaceae Brucella abortus Brucellosis Bartonellaceae Bartonellosis : Bartonella henselae Cat-scratch disease Bartonella quintana Trench fever Either B. henselae or B. quintana Bacillary angiomatosis Bartonella bacilliformis Carrion's disease , Verruga peruana β Neisseriales M+ Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus Meningococcal disease , Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome , Meningococcal septicaemia M− Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus Gonorrhea ungrouped: Eikenella corrodens / Kingella kingae HACEK Chromobacterium violaceum Chromobacteriosis infection Burkholderiales Burkholderia pseudomallei Melioidosis Burkholderia mallei Glanders Burkholderia cepacia complex Bordetella pertussis / Bordetella parapertussis Pertussis γ Enterobacteriales ( OX− ) Lac+ Klebsiella pneumoniae Rhinoscleroma , Pneumonia Klebsiella granulomatis Granuloma inguinale Klebsiella oxytoca Escherichia coli : Enterotoxigenic Enteroinvasive Enterohemorrhagic O157:H7 O104:H4 Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Enterobacter aerogenes / Enterobacter cloacae Slow/weak Serratia marcescens Serratia infection Citrobacter koseri / Citrobacter freundii Lac− H2S+ Salmonella enterica Typhoid fever , Paratyphoid fever , Salmonellosis H2S− Shigella dysenteriae / sonnei / flexneri / boydii Shigellosis , Bacillary dysentery Proteus mirabilis / Proteus vulgaris Yersinia pestis Plague / Bubonic plague Yersinia enterocolitica Yersiniosis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Far East scarlet-like fever Pasteurellales Haemophilus : H. influenzae Haemophilus meningitis Brazilian purpuric fever H. ducreyi Chancroid H. parainfluenzae HACEK Pasteurella multocida Pasteurellosis Actinobacillus Actinobacillosis Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans HACEK Legionellales Legionella pneumophila / Legionella longbeachae Legionnaires' disease Coxiella burnetii Q fever Thiotrichales Francisella tularensis Tularemia Vibrionaceae Vibrio cholerae Cholera Vibrio vulnificus Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio alginolyticus Plesiomonas shigelloides Pseudomonadales Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas infection Moraxella catarrhalis Acinetobacter baumannii Xanthomonadaceae Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Cardiobacteriaceae Cardiobacterium hominis HACEK Aeromonadales Aeromonas hydrophila / Aeromonas veronii Aeromonas infection ε Campylobacterales Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacteriosis , Guillain–Barré syndrome Helicobacter pylori Peptic ulcer , MALT lymphoma , Gastric cancer Helicobacter cinaedi Helicobacter cellulitis v t e Flea -borne diseases Bacterial infection (all G- ) Murine typhus Lyme disease Rocky Mountain spotted fever Ehrlichiosis Relapsing fever Tularemia Viral infection Tick-borne meningoencephalitis Colorado tick fever Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever Myxomatosis Protozoan infection Babesiosis Cytauxzoonosis Helminth Hymenolepiasis tapeworm Vectors