For medically-recognized chronic adrenal insufficiency, see Adrenal insufficiency and Addison's disease . alternative diagnosis of adrenal gland exhaustion This article is part of a series on Alternative medicine General information Alternative medicine Alternative veterinary medicine Quackery (Health fraud) History of alternative medicine Rise of modern medicine Pseudoscience Antiscience Skepticism Skeptical movement National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Terminology of alternative medicine Therapeutic nihilism Fringe medicine and science Acupressure Acupuncture Alkaline diet Anthroposophic medicine Apitherapy Applied kinesiology Aromatherapy Auriculotherapy Bates method Black salve Bodywork Bonesetter Bowen technique Breathwork Fake COVID-19 treatments Cancer treatments Charcoal cleanse Chiropractic Chiropractic treatment techniques Vertebral subluxation Christian Science Chromotherapy Colon cleansing Coffee enema Colorpuncture Colloidal silver Craniosacral therapy Crystal healing Cupping therapy Dental amalgam controversy Detoxification Foot detox Ear candling Energy medicine Esoteric energy Therapeutic touch Fabunan Antiviral Injection Facilitated communication Feldenkrais Method Functional medicine Hair analysis Herbal medicine Holistic dentistry Hologram bracelet Homeopathy Bach flower remedies Biological terrain assessment Hypnotherapy Iridology Ionized jewelry Jilly Juice Lightning Process Lymphotherapy Medical intuitive Mesmerism Magnet therapy Manual therapy Megavitamin therapy Mind–body interventions MMS Myofascial release NAET Naturopathy Oil pulling Orgone Orthomolecular medicine Orthopathy Osteomyology Osteopathy Ozone therapy Parapsychology Phrenology Psychic surgery Psychodermatology Radionics Rapid prompting method RBOP Reiki Reflexology Rolfing Scientific racism ThetaHealing Thought Field Therapy Urophagia Vaginal steaming Vision therapy Vitalism Young blood transfusion Zero balancing Conspiracy theories ( list ) Big Pharma conspiracy theory HIV/AIDS denialism OPV AIDS hypothesis Anti-vaccination Vaccines and autism MMR vaccine and autism Water fluoridation controversy GMO conspiracy theories Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic Classifications Alternative medical systems Mind–body intervention Biologically-based therapy Manipulative methods Energy therapy Traditional medicine African Muti Southern Africa Ayurveda Ayurvedic acupressure Dosha Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health Balneotherapy Brazilian Bush medicine Cambodian Chinese Blood stasis Chinese herbology Dit Da Gua sha Gill plate trade Meridian Moxibustion Pressure point Qi San Jiao Tui na Zang-fu Chumash Curandero Faith healing Iranian Jamu Kambo Japanese Korean Mien Shiang Mongolian Prophetic medicine Shamanism Shiatsu Siddha Sri Lankan Thai massage Tibetan Unani Vietnamese Diagnoses Adrenal fatigue Aerotoxic syndrome Candida hypersensitivity Chronic Lyme disease Electromagnetic hypersensitivity Heavy legs Leaky gut syndrome Multiple chemical sensitivity Wilson's temperature syndrome v t e Adrenal fatigue or hypoadrenia is a pseudo-scientific term used by alternative medicine providers to suggest that the adrenal glands are exhausted and unable to produce adequate quantities of hormones , primarily cortisol , due to chronic stress or infections. [1] There is no scientific basis for the existence of adrenal fatigue, and the term should not be confused with a number of actual forms of adrenal dysfunction such as adrenal insufficiency or Addison's disease . [1] [2] The term "adrenal fatigue" was invented in 1998 by chiropractor James Wilson and applied to a collection of mostly non-specific symptoms . [1] [3] There is no scientific evidence supporting the concept of adrenal fatigue and it is not recognized as a diagnosis by the scientific or medical communities. [1] [2] Neither the condition nor the symptoms have any stable or recognized definition. [3] A systematic review found no evidence for the term adrenal fatigue, confirming the consensus among mainstream endocrinologists that it is a myth. [4] Blood or salivary testing is sometimes offered but there is no evidence that adrenal fatigue exists or can be tested for. [1] [3] [5] The concept of adrenal fatigue has given rise to an industry of dietary supplements marketed to treat this condition. ... 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By photograph, the configuration of the sternum was that found in Noonan syndrome (163950). Myopathic facies was also demonstrated by the illustrations. ... Stewart et al. (1988) noted the similarities to King syndrome (see 145600). All 6 came from the same ethnic group; 3 were known to be related as brother, sister, and first cousin. ... Telegrafi et al. (2017) noted that the initial clinical diagnoses in these patients included Moebius syndrome (MBS; 157900) and Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome (CFZS; 254940).
Serum CK may be ↑ in King-Denborough syndrome. RYR1 -related congenital fiber-type disproportion AR RYR1 -related multiminicore disease AR RYR1 -related King-Denborough syndrome 1 (See Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility.) AD Carey Fineman Ziter syndrome 2 (OMIM 254940) MYMK AR Upturned/broad nasal tip Micro/retrognathia Generalized muscle hypoplasia Delayed motor milestones Normal cognition No susceptibility to MH documented to date Moebius syndrome 3 (OMIM 157900) Unknown etiology in most cases 4 PLXND1 REV3L 5 Unknown in most cases; AD in small # of persons 4 Cleft palate Talipes equinovarus Short stature Scoliosis Joint contractures Impairment in ocular abduction is obligatory. ... Carey et al [1982], Di Gioia et al [2017], Telegrafi et al [2017], Alrohaif et al [2018], Hedberg-Oldfors et al [2018] 3. Moebius syndrome was defined by the Moebius Syndrome Foundation Research Conference with the minimum criteria of congenital, nonprogressive facial weakness with limited abduction of one or both eyes [Miller 2007]. 4. ... Additionally, prenatal exposure to misoprostol and other agents has been known to cause a Moebius syndrome phenotype. 5. Heterozygous de novo pathogenic variants in PLXND1 and REV3L have been described in a small number of individuals with congenital facial weakness associated with a variety of additional findings that overlap the Moebius syndrome spectrum [Tomas-Roca et al 2015].
STAC3 disorder (formerly known as Native American myopathy) is a condition that primarily affects skeletal muscles, which are muscles that the body uses for movement. People with STAC3 disorder have muscle weakness (myopathy) and poor muscle tone (hypotonia) throughout the body that typically begins at birth. Muscle weakness underlies many of the characteristic features of STAC3 disorder. Affected individuals may have feeding and swallowing difficulties in infancy. They usually have delayed development of motor skills such as sitting, crawling, standing, and walking.
Native American myopathy (NAM) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness, arthrogryposis, kyphoscoliosis, short stature, cleft palate, ptosis and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia. Epidemiology NAM is reported exclusively in Native American Indians (Lumbee Indian population of North Carolina). Within this population, the prevalence of NAM is estimated at approximately 1:5,000. Etiology The NAM locus has been localized to 12q13.13-14.1. Genetic counseling The disease is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner.
STAC3 Disorder is a genetic condition that affects the muscles and skeleton. The main features are muscle weakness present at birth, club foot, fixed joints (joint contractures), and curvature of the spine. The symptoms of this condition vary. The most severe complications can include feeding and breathing difficulties. Many people with this condition are at risk to have complications under general anesthesia ( malignant hyperthermia ). Muscle weakness may get slowly worse over time or stay the same. Most people with STAC3 disorders are shorter than average and have normal intelligence.
Allen et al. (1989) described 2 fatal cases in brothers with a clinical presentation resembling Reye syndrome at ages 3 years and 9 months and 5.5 years. ... The markers segregated with the syndrome in 4 families and independently of the syndrome in 3 families. ... Naville et al. (1998) concluded that familial glucocorticoid deficiency is genetically heterogeneous and that defects in gene(s) other than the MC2R gene are implicated in this syndrome. Genin et al. (2002) found evidence of linkage to chromosome 8q in 3 of 14 families with glucocorticoid deficiency and no mutations in the MC2R gene.
Description Familial isolated glucocorticoid deficiency is an adrenocortical failure characterized by very low levels of plasma cortisol despite high levels of plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). Moreover, the adrenal response to ACTH is severely impaired. There is no mineralocorticoid deficiency and the renin-angiotensin system is not affected (summary by Genin et al., 2002). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial glucocorticoid deficiency, see GCCD1 (202200). Mapping Genin et al. (2002) found evidence of linkage to chromosome 8q in 3 of 14 families with glucocorticoid deficiency and no mutations in the MC2R gene. These 3 families were consanguineous, and the locus, which they called FGD2, could be mapped by homozygosity between markers D8S285 and D8S1718 in an 8.8-cM region spanning 8q11.2-q13.2.
Other differential diagnoses include triple A syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and other acquired causes of primary adrenal insufficiency (see these terms).
Familial glucocorticoid deficiency is a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands, which are hormone-producing glands located on top of each kidney, do not produce certain hormones called glucocorticoids . These hormones, which include cortisol and corticosterone, aid in immune system function, play a role in maintaining normal blood sugar levels, help trigger nerve cell signaling in the brain, and serve many other purposes in the body. A shortage of adrenal hormones (adrenal insufficiency) causes the signs and symptoms of familial glucocorticoid deficiency. These signs and symptoms often begin in infancy or early childhood. Most affected children first develop low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). These hypoglycemic children can fail to grow and gain weight at the expected rate (failure to thrive).
Glucocorticoid deficiency 1 Other names FGD or GCCD Glucocorticoid deficiency 1 is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner Glucocorticoid deficiency 1 is an adrenocortical failure characterized by low levels of plasma cortisol produced by the adrenal gland despite high levels of plasma ACTH . This is an inherited disorder with several different causes which define the type. FGD type 1 (FGD1 or GCCD1) is caused by mutations in the ACTH receptor (melanocortin 2 receptor; MC2R). [1] [2] FGD type 2 is caused by mutations in the MC2R accessory protein (MRAP). [3] These two types account for 45% of all cases of FGD. Some cases of FGD type 3 are caused by mutations in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), with similarity to the nonclassic form of lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia . [4] In this case, a general impairment in not just adrenal steroid production, but gonadal steroid production can affect sexual development and fertility. The causes of other cases of FGD type 3 not due to StAR are currently unknown. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ Clark AJ, McLoughlin L, Grossman A (October 1993).
A rare non-syndromic syndactyly characterized by complete bilateral cutaneous fusion of all fingers, frequently associated with polydactyly (usually involving six digits and six metacarpals).
Pineocytoma is the least aggressive form of pineal parenchymal tumors, manifesting with symptoms such as Parinaud's syndrome (a group of eye movement abnormalities and pupil dysfunction, including deficiency in upward-gaze and convergence-retraction nystagmus), headaches, balance impairment, urinary incontinence, and changes in mood and that are not known to disseminate in a diffuse manner.
Pineocytoma Other names Pinealocytoma Micrograph of a pineocytoma. HPS stain . Specialty Oncology Pineocytoma , is a benign, slowly growing tumor of the pineal gland . Unlike the similar condition pineal gland cyst , it is uncommon. Contents 1 Diagnosis 2 Management 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Diagnosis [ edit ] Pineocytomas are diagnosed from tissue, i.e. a brain biopsy . They consist of: cytologically benign cells (with nuclei of uniform size, regular nuclear membranes , and light chromatin ) [ citation needed ] and, have the characteristic pineocytomatous/neurocytic rosettes , which is an irregular circular/flower-like arrangement of cells with a large meshwork of fibers ( neuropil ) at the centre. [1] Pineocytomatous/neurocytic rosettes are superficially similar to Homer Wright rosettes ; however, they differ from Homer Wright rosettes as they have (1) more neuropil at centre of the rosette and, (2) the edge of neuropil meshwork irregular/undulating. Management [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it . ( November 2017 ) See also [ edit ] Pineal gland References [ edit ] ^ Wippold FJ, Perry A (March 2006).
Signs and symptoms of pineocytomas include headaches, nausea, hydrocephalus, vision abnormalities, and Parinaud syndrome . Pineocytomas are usually slow-growing and rarely spread to other parts of the body.
Myoclonic epilepsy in non-progressive encephalopathies is a rare epilepsy syndrome characterized by recurrent, long-lasting myoclonic status in infants and young children with a non-progressive encephalopathy, associated with transient and recurring motor, cognitive and/or behavioral disturbances.
Rudd et al. (1990) reported 3 sisters with a syndrome of unilobed or absent thymus, renal and ureter agenesis/dysgenesis, and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).
A rare non-syndromic diaphragmatic or abdominal wall malformation, a remnant of omphalomesenteric duct, characterized by cuboidal or columnar epithelium with gastrointestinal differentiation.
Omphalomesenteric duct cysts ( ODC , also known as an omphalomesenteric duct remnant or vitelline cyst ) are developmental defects relating to the closure of the omphalomesenteric duct . It usually disintegrates within six weeks of gestation, but remnants of the cyst can sometimes be found along the intestines or umbilicus . Any remnants can be removed via surgical means. [1] See also [ edit ] Pilomatricoma List of cutaneous conditions References [ edit ] ^ Bolognia, Jean L.; et al. (2007). Dermatology . St. Louis: Mosby. pp. 1681 , 1689. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1 . This dermatology article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . v t e
Idiopathic syringomyelia is a rare, non-syndromic central nervous system malformation characterized by a longitudinally oriented fluid-filled cavity inside the spinal cord parenchyma or the central canal, without any readily identifiable cause.
A rare tumor of pancreas caused by mutations in the GCGR gene characterized by pancreatic alpha cell hyperplasia, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and markedly increased serum glucagon levels in the absence of a glucagonoma syndrome. Clinical manifestations may include abdominal pain, pancreatitis, fatigue, diarrhea, and diabetes mellitus.
Mahvash disease Other names Glucagon cell hyperplasia and neoplasia Photographic image of the numerous islets of various sizes in the pancreas of a patient with Mahvash disease Mahvash disease is an autosomal recessive, hereditary pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor syndrome. [1] The genetic defect that causes Mahvash disease is biallelic inactivating mutations of the glucagon receptor gene ( GCGR ). [2] Mahvash disease was discovered by American physician Run Yu and his colleagues in 2008. [3] Mahvash disease is very rare. ... "Hypercalcemia in Glucagon Cell Hyperplasia and Neoplasia (Mahvash Syndrome): A New Association" . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism . 103 (9): 3119–3123. doi : 10.1210/jc.2018-01074 .
A rare, life-threatening, congenital non-syndromic heart malformation characterized by complete or partial location of the heart outside the thoracic cavity.
Ectopia cordis Specialty Cardiology Cardiothoracic surgery Medical genetics Ectopia cordis (Greek: "away / out of place" + Latin: "heart" ) or ectopic heart is a congenital malformation in which the heart is abnormally located either partially or totally outside of the thorax . The ectopic heart can be found along a spectrum of anatomical locations, including the neck, chest, or abdomen. In most cases, the heart protrudes outside the chest through a split sternum . [1] Contents 1 Pathology 2 Diagnosis 3 Treatment 4 Prognosis 5 Epidemiology 6 References 7 External links Pathology [ edit ] Ectopia cordis results from a failure of proper maturation of midline mesoderm and ventral body wall formation during embryonic development . [2] The exact etiology remains unknown, but abnormalities in the lateral body wall folds are believed to be involved. Normally, the lateral body walls are responsible for fusion at the midline to form the ventral wall. Corruption of this process may underlie ectopia cordis. [3] Defective ventral body wall formation yields a heart unprotected by the pericardium, sternum, or skin.
Susceptibility to Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid Leukemia SCN patients with acquired mutations in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF3R; 138971) in hematopoietic cells define a group with high risk for progression to myelodysplastic syndrome and/or acute myeloid leukemia. ... Of these patients, 31 developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and/or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), for a crude rate of malignant transformation of nearly 9%. ... All 4 patients with cyclic neutropenia, but none of the 3 patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (260400), had mutations of ELA2. ... Among 109 probands with SCN, Smith et al. (2008) found that 33 (30%) had 24 different ELA2 mutations, 2 (2%) had WAS (300392) mutations, and 4 (4%) had HAX1 mutations. Progression to Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Dong et al. (1994) used RT-PCR to amplify cDNA for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF3R; 138971) in patients with severe congenital neutropenia, referred to as Kostmann syndrome, and screened for mutations by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. ... They also commented that cases of this disorder that terminated in acute leukemia had been reported (Gilman et al., 1970; Lui et al., 1978; Rosen and Kang, 1979) and that some patients with the disorder developed leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome following treatment with GCSF.
Approximately 20 percent of people with severe congenital neutropenia develop certain cancerous conditions of the blood, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia during adolescence.
Andrews et al. (1960) described 2 affected sibs. The parents were not known to be related. It is not entirely certain that this is an entity separate from that listed as agranulocytosis (202700). It is possible that some cases of neonatal neutropenia are due to fetomaternal immunization involving neutrophil-specific antigens (Lalezari and Radel, 1974). Inheritance - Autosomal recessive - ? heterogeneous etiology Misc - Neonatal lethal Heme - Neonatal neutropenia - Eosinophilia ▲ Close
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because severe congenital neutropenia-2 (SCN2) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the GFI1 gene (600871) on chromosome 1p22. For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of severe congenital neutropenia, see SCN1 (202700). Clinical Features Person et al. (2003) identified a heterozygous mutation in the GFI1 gene (600871.0001; see MOLECULAR GENETICS) in a 4-month-old boy with SCN2 who had a neutrophil count of zero and marked monocytosis. The mutation segregated with his 3-year-old paternal half brother, who was identically affected, and with their father, who had recurrent pneumonia and pyogenic abscesses abating during childhood. The father's childhood blood counts were not available, but at age 27 his neutrophil count was low and monocytes high.
A rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, absolute neutrophil counts below 0.5x10E9/L in the peripheral blood (on three separate occasions over a six month period), granulopoiesis maturation arrest at the promyelocyte/myelocyte stage and early-onset, severe, recurrent bacterial infections.
., diuretics and inhaled beta‐agonists ), and haemodialysis may also cause muscle cramps. [1] A cramp usually starts suddenly and it also usually goes away on its own over a period of several seconds, minutes, or hours. Restless leg syndrome and rest cramps are not considered the same as muscle cramps. [1] Contents 1 Pathophysiology 2 Differential diagnosis 2.1 Skeletal muscle cramps 2.1.1 Nocturnal leg cramps 2.2 Smooth muscle cramps 2.3 Cramps caused by treatments 3 Treatment 3.1 Medication 4 Prevention 5 References 6 External links Pathophysiology [ edit ] This section does not cite any sources . ... Muscle cramps can also be a symptom or complication of pregnancy ; kidney disease; thyroid disease; hypokalemia , hypomagnesemia , or hypocalcaemia (as conditions); restless legs syndrome ; varicose veins ; [4] and multiple sclerosis . [5] As early as 1965, researchers observed that leg cramps and restless legs syndrome can result from excess insulin , sometimes called hyperinsulinemia . [6] Skeletal muscle cramps [ edit ] See also: Exercise-associated muscle cramps Under normal circumstances, skeletal muscles can be voluntarily controlled. ... Differential diagnoses include restless legs syndrome , claudication , myositis , and peripheral neuropathy . ... Arrhythmias , cinchonism , and hemolytic uremic syndrome can also occur at higher dosages. [11] Smooth muscle cramps [ edit ] Smooth muscle contractions may be symptomatic of endometriosis or other health problems. ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : R25.2 ICD - 9-CM : 729.82 MeSH : D009120 DiseasesDB : 3151 External resources MedlinePlus : 003193 Patient UK : Cramp Muscle Cramps (of Skeletal Muscles) v t e Symptoms and conditions relating to muscle Pain Myalgia Fibromyalgia Acute Delayed onset Inflammation Myositis Pyomyositis Destruction Muscle weakness Rhabdomyolysis Muscle atrophy / Amyotrophy Other Myositis ossificans Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva Compartment syndrome Anterior Diastasis of muscle Diastasis recti Muscle spasm v t e Symptoms and signs relating to movement and gait Gait Gait abnormality CNS Scissor gait Cerebellar ataxia Festinating gait Marche à petit pas Propulsive gait Stomping gait Spastic gait Magnetic gait Truncal ataxia Muscular Myopathic gait Trendelenburg gait Pigeon gait Steppage gait Antalgic gait Coordination Ataxia Cerebellar ataxia Dysmetria Dysdiadochokinesia Pronator drift Dyssynergia Sensory ataxia Asterixis Abnormal movement Athetosis Tremor Fasciculation Fibrillation Posturing Abnormal posturing Opisthotonus Spasm Trismus Cramp Tetany Myokymia Joint locking Paralysis Flaccid paralysis Spastic paraplegia Spastic diplegia Spastic paraplegia Syndromes Monoplegia Diplegia / Paraplegia Hemiplegia Triplegia Tetraplegia / Quadruplegia General causes Upper motor neuron lesion Lower motor neuron lesion Weakness Hemiparesis Other Rachitic rosary Hyperreflexia Clasp-knife response
Overview A muscle cramp is a sudden, unexpected tightening of one or more muscles. Sometimes called a charley horse, a muscle cramp can be very painful. Exercising or working hard, especially in heat, can lead to muscle cramps. Some medicines and illnesses also might cause muscle cramps. Muscle cramps aren't usually harmful. Self-care measures can treat most muscle cramps. Symptoms Muscle cramps occur mostly in leg muscles, most often in the calf.
Associated conditions [ edit ] Some conditions that are associated with hyperacusis [8] include: Acoustic shock Adverse drug reaction Anxiety Asperger's Syndrome Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder [9] Autism spectrum Bell's palsy [10] Depression Endolymphatic hydrops [11] Hypothyroidism Lyme disease [8] Migraine [8] Ménière's disease Multiple sclerosis [12] Noise-induced hearing loss Posttraumatic stress disorder [8] Severe head trauma [8] [13] Superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [14] Tay–Sachs disease [15] Tonic tensor tympani syndrome Visual snow Williams syndrome [8] [16] Causes [ edit ] The most common cause of hyperacusis is overexposure to excessively high decibel ( sound pressure ) levels. [2] Some sufferers acquire hyperacusis suddenly as a result of taking ear sensitizing drugs, Lyme disease , Ménière's disease , head injury, or surgery. Others are born with sound sensitivity, develop superior canal dehiscence syndrome , have had a history of ear infections, or come from a family that has had hearing problems. [ citation needed ] Bell's palsy can trigger hyperacusis if the associated flaccid paralysis affects the tensor tympani , and stapedius , two small muscles of the middle ear . [10] Paralysis of the stapedius muscle prevents its function in dampening the oscillations of the ossicles , causing sound to be abnormally loud on the affected side. [17] Some psychoactive drugs such as LSD , methaqualone , or phencyclidine ( angel-dust ) can cause hyperacusis. [18] An antibiotic , ciprofloxacin , has also been seen to be a cause, known as ciprofloxacin-related hyperacusis . [19] Neurophysiological mechanisms [ edit ] See also: Sensory processing disorder As one important mechanism, adaptation processes in the auditory brain that influence the dynamic range of neural responses are assumed to be distorted by irregular input from the inner ear. ... "Auditory and visual processing in Williams syndrome". The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences . 47 (2): 125–31. ... James Byron Snow, 2004, ISBN 1-55009-243-X Classification D ICD - 10 : H93.2 ICD - 10-CM : H93.23 ICD - 9-CM : 388.42 MeSH : D01200178 DiseasesDB : 29099 v t e Diseases of the outer and middle ear Outer ear Otitis externa Otomycosis Middle ear and mastoid Otitis media Mastoiditis Bezold's abscess Gradenigo's syndrome Tympanosclerosis Cholesteatoma Perforated eardrum Symptoms Ear pain Hearing loss Tests Otoscope pneumatic tympanometry
. ^ "Decreased sound tolerance: hypersensitivity of hearing (hyperacusis, misophonia, phonophobia)", Jonathan Hazell FRCS, Director, Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Centre, London UK [1] External links [ edit ] Classification D MeSH : D012001 DiseasesDB : 29099 SNOMED CT : 313387002 v t e Diseases of the outer and middle ear Outer ear Otitis externa Otomycosis Middle ear and mastoid Otitis media Mastoiditis Bezold's abscess Gradenigo's syndrome Tympanosclerosis Cholesteatoma Perforated eardrum Symptoms Ear pain Hearing loss Tests Otoscope pneumatic tympanometry
Mollaret meningitis is a type of meningitis due to a viral infection (aseptic meningitis) that occurs multiple times. It is characterized by repeated episodes of meningitis, typically lasting two to five days, occurring weeks to years apart. Common signs and symptoms during an episode may include severe headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light (photophobia), and stiff neck. Some people also experience temporary neurological symptoms such as double vision, hallucinations, altered consciousness, cranial nerve palsy , or seizures. Almost half of people with Mollaret meningitis develop long-term neurological impairment such as problems with memory, balance, coordination, and/or hearing.