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Coronary Artery Disease
Wikipedia
A more severe form is chronic total occlusion (CTO) when a coronary artery is completely obstructed for more than 3 months. [57] Cardiac syndrome X is chest pain ( angina pectoris ) and chest discomfort in people who do not show signs of blockages in the larger coronary arteries of their hearts when an angiogram (coronary angiogram) is being performed. [58] The exact cause of cardiac syndrome X is unknown. ... "Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease leading to acute coronary syndromes" . F1000prime Reports . 7 : 08. doi : 10.12703/P7-08 . ... PMID 15919653 . ^ Lanza GA (February 2007). "Cardiac syndrome X: a critical overview and future perspectives" . ... PMID 16399854 . ^ Jones E, Eteiba W, Merz NB (August 2012). "Cardiac syndrome X and microvascular coronary dysfunction" . ... "Pathophysiology and management of patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms (cardiac syndrome X)" . Circulation . 109 (5): 568–72. doi : 10.1161/01.CIR.0000116601.58103.62 .TERT, APOA5, NOS3, TCF21, LDLR, ABO, CDKN2B, ANGPTL4, PCSK9, LPA, PHACTR1, PECAM1, PLPP3, JCAD, SH2B3, ZC3HC1, GUCY1A1, MRAS, ABCG8, LIPA, MIA3, ATP2B1, HHIPL1, WDR12, LMOD1, MIR146A, HMOX1, PROCR, PON1, PTGS2, APOC3, APOA1, ESR1, ADAMTS7, CXCL12, CRP, TLR4, CCL2, GDF15, KL, ACE, MMP3, VEGFA, LTA, SORT1, IRS1, GNB3, ADTRP, TRIB1, CD40LG, ESR2, NPPB, APCS, EPO, IRAK1, DDAH2, PAPPA, TRAF6, PDGFD, MIR146B, ABCG5, NAT2, ANKS1A, HECTD4, MRPS6, LPL, CDKN2B-AS1, MTHFR, AGT, IL6R, PLG, APOE, TGFB1, ABCA1, EDN1, SCARB1, HNF1A, FN1, TCF7L2, SLC22A3, LPAL2, FLT1, COL4A1, SMARCA4, COL4A2, HDAC9, ZPR1, CELSR2, CFDP1, SMAD3, LRP1, MRTFA, GALNT2, NPC1, DAB2IP, KCNJ13, GCK, AS3MT, ARL15, ITGA1, FURIN, LOX, CDH13, CFTR, AFG3L2, TEK, ZFPM2, GIP, MTHFD1L, MAP3K7CL, PRKCE, CNNM2, PRDM16, KCNK5, TOMM40, ARNTL, AKAP13, ARHGEF26, THSD7A, GIGYF2, SVEP1, STN1, IGF2R, CCDC92, CYP21A2, RRP1B, LIPG, SCAF11, SEMA5A, ADIPOQ, FBN1, STOML1, F2, FHL5, DAB1, MORF4L1, TSPAN9, KDELR2, IGF2BP1, TDRKH, PDLIM5, TENT4A, COG5, EML1, ZNF652, N4BP2L2, STAG1, R3HDM2, HS3ST1, RPH3A, PALLD, PDS5B, ZEB2, DHX38, ZHX3, F5, DECR1, GOSR2, NCOA6, SETD1B, VAT1, GGCX, UNC5C, PCYT1A, IL1B, IL1A, OLR1, TNFRSF11B, SERPINE1, PAX5, IFNG, SERPINA5, PHB, PLA2G6, ICAM1, PLA2G1B, PLA2G2A, PLCL1, PLCG1, PLCG2, PON2, PPARA, IL1RN, IL6, NFKB1, NEDD9, LEP, ITGB3, LIPC, MAT2A, MEF2A, MMP1, MMP2, IL18, IL17A, MMP9, MPI, MPO, IL10, MYH11, MYO9B, CXCL8, HNRNPM, PPARG, HP, FOXA3, SLC22A4, GGT7, NUP210, KAT2A, THBD, TNF, TNS1, TP53, UMPS, VDR, VWF, FKBP5, KCNAB1, PLA2G7, FGB, FES, ELL, MAD1L1, GJA4, ST3GAL4, HMGCR, SELP, HTRA1, PTK7, HIVEP2, MOK, HGFAC, HFE, CFH, ARID4A, REN, REST, RRBP1, GSTT1, GSTM1, SARS1, ATXN2, CCL5, SELE, ARHGAP26, SWAP70, MCF2L, CCM2, TSPAN14, ALOX5AP, DRC3, CHST9, MAST4, GSTK1, GPR149, C5, UBE2Q2P1, NOA1, C2, C1S, TUBB6, RAB37, CORO6, FBF1, ALOX5, CAD, KSR2, CARF, AQP4-AS1, AGTR1, MIR126, CENPO, CASC15, TEX41, ZC2HC1C, DOK3, TMEM163, NAA25, 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COPD, LRP6, ADRB1, ABCB1, PGR-AS1, IGF1, KDR, USF1, RARRES2, F3, FCGR3A, ACCS, MMRN1, ACSS2, RBP4, POU2F3, CYP2J2, ATM, PTX3, XRCC1, CCR5, GATA2, GC, ALOX15, APLNR, COX2, MIR223, FABP4, CXCL16, HPSE, BCHE, LCN2, HMGB1, NR3C1, MTCO2P12, ITGA2B, LEPR, ADA, MIR145, CAT, CBS, PLA2G10, FGF21, FOLH1, MUSK, APLN, FADS1, DPP4, FOXP3, ADIPOR1, UGT1A1, PTH, NPY, SHBG, STAT3, GPX1, S100A12, CYP11B2, NLRP3, GLP1R, SOD2, OR10A4, ANGPT2, HSPA1A, SREBF1, PPARD, ABCC6, PPIA, FLAD1, RAPSN, APOA4, PPARGC1A, PON3, LGALS2, KNG1, ADAMTS13, MAPK1, NPC1L1, SCD, PLB1, IL33, PSMA6, SELPLG, PIK3CG, NPPA, YWHAZ, LRP8, TNNI3, TNFRSF1B, TNFRSF1A, THBS1, PSRC1, MTR, ACE2, JPH3, ABCG1, C20orf181, VCAM1, NAMPT, SLC5A2, TFPI, CD40, SLC25A20, AMPD1, CYP2B6, ADH1C, HSPD1, CYP7A1, HSPA1B, IL4, CYP2C9, ADRA2B, CYP17A1, FABP2, ACTB, BCL2, CA2, COX8A, HGF, FCGR3B, HLA-DRB1, NQO1, AHSG, CHI3L1, AVP, SELL, IFNA1, ADIPOR2, TNFSF4, IFNA13, FSD1, HPSE2, FTO, VKORC1, NR1H3, CX3CL1, KIF2C, GP6, DCLRE1C, CD34, ADD1, KIF28P, UCP1, PIK3CB, C1QTNF9, UCP2, ENHO, PTEN, MIR130A, AGTR2, FSD1L, ADRB3, VIP, KALRN, NANOS3, GSTP1, PPBP, SLC33A1, HSD11B1, FLNA, GSTM2, F13A1, F12, FSHMD1A, FADS2, TNC, CASP1, MIR31, PIK3CD, MTTP, PIK3CA, AR, F8, MTRR, BRAP, CBSL, IL16, NR3C2, CPB2, LCAT, GCG, SH2D1A, STAT1, CYP4A11, MIF, CYP2C8, SMUG1, CYP19A1, APOA2, TCP1, THBS2, SULT1E1, TM6SF2, SPP1, ARSA, SERPINF1, ISYNA1, ACTA2, F10, PDE4D, EHMT1, GCKR, RPSA, MBL2, ACHE, RNLS, APOC1, ACP1, PTGS1, IL34, ABCG2, NOS1AP, THBS4, F2R, CCR7, NTN1, CR1, BGLAP, TNFRSF6B, MGAM, SELENBP1, CCHCR1, F2RL3, GPR162, FABP3, VEGFC, LGALS3BP, C5AR2, IL37, GREM1, PLAT, ARID5B, LMNA, HSPA2, S100A8, S100A9, MIR142, PEAR1, PLTP, ASGR1, FCGR2A, C3, POC1A, INS, FCMTE2, NOS2, GP1BA, NOS1, TMSB4X, ELANE, CCND1, CYP4F2, NFE2L2, MMP7, EGR1, CDH2, TLR2, HAMP, MLXIPL, UTS2, MMP12, ANPEP, ECE1, DBP, SREBF2, ANGPTL8, EBF1, CNR1, HLP, SI, STARD7, THPO, SLC2A9, BTNL2, IL15, BUD13, MIR17, ANGPT1, CD28, PROM1, TNFSF15, SERPINB2, MEFV, PTPRC, ERCC2, CYP3A4, P2RY1, ADM, BTBD8, CXCL5, CXCL10, MGP, EPHX2, AKR1A1, OGG1, IL2, KLF2, CCN1, CXCR4, CD86, THAS, FGFR4, NEXN, XRCC3, BHMT, CNBP, FOXM1, BMP2, ARG1, TGFBR2, SUV39H1, VTN, GATA4, KLF14, TLR1, BAX, TMEM170A, TNFAIP3, GALNT3, GABPA, TNNT1, TADA1, BCL2A1, TGM2, C1QTNF3, C1QTNF1, PWAR1, UMOD, ZFHX3, IL23R, MUC16, MYOCD, GGT1, STS, TBX5, ADAM17, VIM, H3P40, BCAR1, BRCA1, SLC27A4, CYP3A5, CAMTA1, TBC1D9, MON2, COG2, DLD, CLU, MEPE, CHGA, CD59, CES1, TRIB3, EGFR, SLCO1B1, EGR3, GAS5, ELAVL2, MARK2, CYP2E1, ANGPTL2, MMD, PADI4, INSIG2, ASCC1, FCMTE1, CSF3, IL17D, SETD2, HDL3, CTLA4, CPOX, PLA2G2D, PTPN22, CDKAL1, SOSTDC1, PART1, CTSS, GCA, DDAH1, CD68, NOD2, SOAT2, C5AR1, VAMP3, PNPLA3, KLF4, COL18A1, LDB2, SOCS3, FBN2, ARHGEF7, NR1I2, GMCL1, TNFSF14, C3AR1, MAP1LC3A, SOCS1, BSG, TNFSF11, MADD, APOL1, PPIG, SP6, COX5A, F11, GMCL2, AIDA, C12orf43, AGXT2, UBE2Z, KCNE2, CAV1, MVP, CASR, SLC52A2, ETS1, BMS1, PCLAF, DHX40, CASQ2, CLOCK, TBPL1, ST2, HSPA14, ALCAM, NCAM1, ACR, LUM, CXCR2, ACAT2, S100A1, MIR122, 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APOA1-AS, ADAMTSL4, THRA1/BTR, CRH, CPT1A, CPS1, PERCC1, DYM, ACACB, CPN2, SLCO1C1, CPE, CASZ1, ELOVL2, TMEM132A, MTARC2, LOC102724197, TUG1, MARCHF1, TREM1, DUOX1, MIR2355, IL23A, CLEC1B, UBAP1, TLR7, TLR8, H3P28, CRK, VTA1, SIRT6, CES1P1, CST12P, GHRL, RTEL1, H3P9, INPP5K, ADA2, LINC02605, ABL2, RN7SL263P, ACADS, ACAT1, AGGF1, COMT, PARL, NFKBIZ, COX10, ITLN1, LINC00968, MAP3K8, CORT, KDM3A, SELENOS, MIR6090, COMP, COL3A1, ADAM8, LINC01672, COL1A2, ACKR2, ADAR, MYDGF, MICOS10-NBL1, MIR4513, CAMK2N1, YOD1, NADSYN1, ACP5, IFNG-AS1, APPL2, BANCR, CPA3, RCBTB1, OGFOD1, QRSL1, FBXW7, CP, COX10-AS1, FALEC, MIR5187, HIF1A-AS2, MIR4516, MEG3, SPAG11A, MIR340, PRB2, BDKRB1, IRF2BP2, GGTLC1, LCE1A, INTS4, BDKRB2, MCIDAS, AMH, GOLGA6A, OPN4, AMFR, ABCB5, ARMH1, IL17F, HCAR2, TMEM54, BCL3, IFNE, C1QTNF5, NLRP12, ALPL, LRRC3B, WNT3A, BRAF, SNHG7, ALDH1B1, SUMO4, BMPR2, DOCK7, BMPR1A, TSLP, BMP7, ALOX15B, BMP4, MALAT1, CA13, BLVRA, MACIR, MCFD2, TBL1Y, BID, TNFRSF13C, NUS1, WFDC21P, ZBTB7C, RERE, SERPINA12, NRG4, JMJD1C, PRSS55, SERPINC1, SIX5, PTPRVP, MLKL, APOC4, ERFE, ASXL1, ARRB2, THAP5, ARHGAP4, C16orf82, FASLG, SPAAR, ATP4B, SPESP1, CMTM5, LINC00841, SCAI, LRG1, XKR6, CYP2R1, TREML4, EARS2, METRNL, ANXA1, IFNL3, HCG27, AOC2, UTS2B, DOCK11, CACUL1, ATR, SCML4, APC, APEX1, C1QTNF12, ATAD1, BRCA2, CAPG, MDD1, MIR34B, CASP8, MIR32, MIR30C2, CASP3, MIR30C1, CAPN3, CAMP, FAT4, ZNF606, MIR25, MIR224, CALR, CALM3, CALM2, MIR221, MIR22, MIAT, SLC7A13, AKT2, WNK1, NDST4, MIR455, CD80, CD19, MIR484, MIR503, CD1A, CAV2, MIR502, MIR367, MIR181D, METRN, ADORA2A, MIR429, ADORA3, MIR382, NOX5, MIR361, MIR216A, MIR215, ADAM33, FLYWCH1, MIR150, SESN2, CRISPLD1, ZNF484, ESYT3, AP2A2, KCTD10, MIR144, MIR130B, MIR214, SERPING1, MIRLET7I, KIF2B, SPZ1, KLF5, CNDP1, AKT1, DICER1-AS1, MIR18A, MIR182, MIR183, MIR190A, CALM1, RNF39, MIR208A, SETD7, CALCR, CALCA, MIR204, MIR200B, MIR20A, MIR19A, MIR197, ST6GALNAC5, MIR195, CACNA1C, APH1B, MIR192, MFRP, B2M, KLK1, CPA4, RYR3, HDLBP, HDAC1, HBG2, HABP2, RLN1, RPA1, RPN1, RPS3A, RRAD, GZMB, RRM1, RYR2, S100A7, GPER1, GSTA1, GSK3B, CXCL1, SCN5A, GRIK4, CCL4, GPX3, CCL13, CCL17, CCL18, CXCL6, CXCL11, RASGRF2, NRG1, HHEX, RAD51B, HMGA1, PRKCH, HMGB2, MAPK3, MAPK8, MAP2K2, PRKX, PRKY, PROC, PRS, LGMN, HLA-G, HLA-F, PYY, PSMD4, PSMD7, PSMD9, PTAFR, PTGER2, HLA-E, PTPN1, PTPN11, PTPRD, HLA-C, NECTIN2, GRK4, CXCR3, PRKAB2, TFAP2B, GHSR, STK11, SYK, TADA2A, TBXA2R, GFAP, GDF10, TCN2, GDF2, TERC, TERF1, TERF2, TFF1, SEMA3F, SERPINA3, TFR2, GCH1, TGFBI, THRA, TIAM1, TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP4, TLL1, TLR3, GAS6, SST, TRIM21, SRY, SRF, SELENOP, SFRP5, SRSF1, SRSF2, SFTPD, ITSN1, ST6GAL1, GOLGA4, SIPA1, SKIL, SLC2A1, SLC2A4, GLUL, SLC12A3, SLC19A1, GLS, GLI3, GCLM, SMPD1, SIGLEC1, SOD3, SPG7, SPOCK1, SRC, CBLIF, PRKCD, PRKAB1, CRYZ, CYTB, CXCL9, ATXN3, IDO1, ILK, TNFRSF9, IL15RA, MSH2, MSR1, MSRA, MST1, MT2A, MTAP, IL13, NDUFAB1, MYO1F, MTNR1A, IL12B, RNR1, MVD, MYB, MYBPC3, MYD88, CXCR1, NAGLU, IL7R, NBL1, MFGE8, MET, MDM4, CD46, KRT8, LBP, LCK, KCNQ1, LCT, KCNMA1, JUP, IVL, ITGAM, FADS3, LMAN1, IRF5, IRF3, IRF2, IRF1, LSAMP, INSRR, LTBP1, LTC4S, SMAD1, SMAD2, MAG, MAP1B, MAS1, INSIG1, NCL, IL7, PRKAA1, PLA2G4A, PEPD, PF4V1, PGF, IFN1@, IRF8, SERPINE2, PIK3C2A, IARS1, PITX2, PKD1, PKP2, HSPG2, PLAU, NEU1, HSPB2, HSPA8, PLXNA2, PMAIP1, POMC, POR, HRG, HRH1, HPR, PPIC, PPP4C, PPP3R1, SLC26A4, PDGFRA, PDGFA, PDE3B, IL6ST, NHS, NOTCH1, NPPC, NPR1, NPR2, NT5E, NTF3, NTRK2, OGDH, OGN, IGFBP7, IGFBP4, OPRM1, ORM2, OTC, PCSK6, PAFAH2, IGFBP1, IGF2, PRKN, IFNGR2, IFNB1, PCSK1, CDK18, TM7SF2, GAPDH, TNFAIP6, HNRNPUL1, KRT5, LPAR1, EBNA1BP2, KCNQ1OT1, IL24, TOR1A, RIPK3, HBEGF, ABHD2, ESM1, DNTT, ADAMTS5, BTN2A1, CD93, CAPN10, FSTL1, DMPK, SLC2A6, ATXN2L, RNF13, TFEC, DIO2, DIO1, VASH1, DHCR7, SACM1L, FASTK, EDNRA, NPFFR2, EFNA5, MRVI1, NOD1, CPQ, SPAG11B, PRMT5, ENG, FST, CAP1, ANP32B, SLC35A1, MRPL28, AHSA1, ERLIN1, TXNIP, POSTN, MEGF8, CXCR6, EBP, NES, ZMYND11, ARPP21, MTHFD2, HSPH1, TUBGCP2, EGF, DFFA, ATF6, B4GALNT1, NXT1, SLC17A5, FETUB, B3GAT1, DKK3, CIDEB, PDCD4, APEX2, CTH, HTRA2, IGHD1-7, REM1, KLF15, MYLIP, CFD, CD274, SENP1, CSF2, CSF1R, EHD3, DUOX2, NOX4, IL22, F11R, CSF1, SOST, MAPK14, CTRB1, TES, CTRL, POLDIP2, KDM1A, DEFA3, DEFA1, DDIT3, CYP27A1, MPRIP, GPD1L, ABRAXAS2, DICER1, SIRT5, SIRT4, SIRT3, CYP2D6, CYP2C18, BRD4, ARL2BP, IL17RA, CYBB, ARIH1, RNF19A, CTSK, CTSG, SH2B1, CTSB, APPL1, TNIP1, LANCL1, RAMP3, MMP23B, SCG2, ST8SIA4, FGF2, AIMP2, GHS, FER, MIA, KDM5D, USP9Y, FEN1, FCN1, RGS5, FCGR2B, RAMP2, TP63, RTCA, AOC3, FCGR1B, NUMB, IRS2, VAMP8, BECN1, GALNT4, S1PR4, TNFSF13, TNFSF10, IL1R2, BSND, FGG, ZNF217, TNNT2, G6PD, FUT3, CRISP2, TRAF5, FUS, TRPC3, TRPS1, TTR, TNFRSF4, TYMS, UBC, UCP3, COL14A1, MTOR, FOS, FLOT2, VLDLR, BEST1, FOXO3, WNT3, WNT5A, FOXO1, ZAP70, ZNF208, TNFRSF11A, CREG1, IL18R1, CHD1L, EZH2, EIF4A3, EXTL3, ELMO1, MFN2, MAFB, ERCC5, FGF19, CCS, CASP8AP2, ABCB6, PQBP1, ERCC1, G3BP1, EBI3, HNRNPA3P1, ATP6AP2, LPCAT3, WASF2, SORBS3, MPHOSPH6, CALCRL, MPZL2, EPRS1, RABEPK, PRORP, F9, CES2, GAL3ST1, CCN4, FCGR1A, CPNE3, AP1S2, MBD2, WASF1, HSPB3, TRPA1, FCGR2C, RGN, IL1RL1, ARHGEF2, XPR1, IL32, CD163, GLP2R, FAAH, TGFBRAP1, GRAP2, FAM189A2, HAND2, ATG5, ROCK2, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS1, SUB1
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Insulin Resistance
Wikipedia
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes . 32 (3): 243–4. doi : 10.1097/00126334-200303010-00001 . ... "Genetics of Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome" . Current Cardiology Reports . 18 (8): 75. doi : 10.1007/s11886-016-0755-4 . ... "Gluttony, sloth and the metabolic syndrome: a roadmap to lipotoxicity" . Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism . 21 (6): 345–52. doi : 10.1016/j.tem.2010.01.009 . ... Further reading [ edit ] Reaven GM (2005). "The insulin resistance syndrome: definition and dietary approaches to treatment" . ... Rao G (March 2001). "Insulin resistance syndrome" . American Family Physician (review).ADRB3, SERPINE1, ADIPOQ, LPL, FABP2, PPARG, PLG, MTTP, LMNA, LEP, TNF, APOB, INSR, AGT, IRS1, ACE, ENPP1, RETN, CD59, ADIPOR2, ADIPOR1, SHBG, LPAL2, ACSM3, PTEN, TPD52, PNPLA3, VWF, NR0B2, PPARGC1A, SLC27A4, SIRT1, TM6SF2, CHDH, ABCG5, ABCG8, PPARA, PDE3B, PKD1, PIK3CG, APOA2, APOA4, APOC4, BCHE, CD36, CETP, CP, CRP, GCG, GYS1, IGF2, IGFBP3, INS, KRT16, LIPA, TRIM37, NOS3, PCSK1, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, LOC102723407
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Hyponatremia
Wikipedia
"Impairment of urine diluting ability related to ADH" occurs in nine situations: 1) arterial volume depletion 2) hemodynamically-mediated, 3) congestive heart failure, 4) cirrhosis, 5) nephrosis, 6) spinal cord disease, 7) Addison's disease, 8) cerebral salt wasting, and 9) syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). If the feed-back system is normal, but an impairment of urine diluting ability unrelated to ADH occurs, this is 1) oliguric kidney failure, 2) tubular interstitial kidney disease, 3) diuretics, or 4) nephrogenic syndrome of antidiuresis. [27] Sodium is the primary positively charged ion outside of the cell and cannot cross from the interstitial space into the cell. ... Normal volume hyponatremia , wherein the increase in ADH is secondary to either physiologic but excessive ADH release (as occurs with nausea or severe pain) or inappropriate and non-physiologic secretion of ADH, that is, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion (SIADH). ... S2CID 37760332 . ^ Abbott, R; Silber, E; Felber, J; Ekpo, E (8 October 2005). "Osmotic demyelination syndrome" . BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) . 331 (7520): 829–30. doi : 10.1136/bmj.331.7520.829 . ... External links [ edit ] Hyponatremia at the Mayo Clinic Sodium at Lab Tests Online Classification D ICD - 10 : E87.1 ICD - 9-CM : 276.1 MeSH : D007010 DiseasesDB : 6483 External resources MedlinePlus : 000394 eMedicine : emerg/275 med/1130 ped/1124 Patient UK : Hyponatremia v t e Electrolyte imbalances Sodium High Salt poisoning Low Hypotonic Isotonic Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome Potassium High Low Chloride High Low Calcium High Low Symptoms and signs Chvostek sign Trousseau sign Milk-alkali syndrome Disorders of calcium metabolism Calcinosis ( Calciphylaxis , Calcinosis cutis ) Calcification ( Metastatic calcification , Dystrophic calcification ) Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Phosphate High Low Magnesium High LowAVP, TRPV4, OXT, IFNG, AVPR2, CA12, SCNN1G, NR3C2, CYP11B2, SCNN1A, TBX19, SARS2, SAMD9, TDP2, ELP1, HMBS, HSD3B2, BSND, MC2R, STAR, SCNN1B, NFKB2, NNT, OCRL, SLC26A3, REN, TXNRD2, MAGED2, SCN4A, PRF1, NUP214, CLCNKA, NR0B1, CLCNKB, MRAP, PLVAP, ALB, CPOX, CTNS, CYP11A1, CYP11B1, AQP2, CRP, POMC, AGT, CYP2D6, RAPGEF5, ACE, LGI1, APLN, GH1, IL6, EMP1, HCRT, CSF2, LAMC2, CORO7, MALAT1, PGR-AS1, SGSM3, SLC33A1, SLC17A5, NPS, ERAL1, CPP, COPD, CLDN16, KLHL40, FOXP2, TBC1D9, ACCS, CNTNAP2, NBEAL2, PLA2G15, ACSS2, ADD1, TYMS, ESR1, AGTR1, AQP1, AQP4, ATM, BDNF, BRAF, CD19, CFTR, CMM, COMT, CORT, CSF3, DMBT1, ERCC2, FGA, TCF21, GPT, HCRTR1, HSD11B2, HSP90AA1, KCNJ1, NPPB, ABCB1, MAP2K7, RORC, RYR1, SCT, SLC2A1, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, LOC107987479
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Whiplash (Medicine)
Wikipedia
In a severe cervical acceleration–deceleration syndrome, a brain injury known as a coup-contra-coup injury occurs. ... CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) ^ Ferrari R, Schrader H (2001). "The late whiplash syndrome: a biopsychosocial approach" . ... Whiplash injuries : the cervical acceleration/deceleration syndrom . Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. ... "Natural evolution of late whiplash syndrome outside the medicolegal context". ... CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) ^ Noll-Hussong M (2017). "Whiplash Syndrome Reloaded: Digital Echoes of Whiplash Syndrome in the European Internet Search Engine Context" .
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Benzodiazepine Overdose
Wikipedia
Pronunciation: / ˌ b ɛ n z oʊ d aɪ ˈ æ z ə p iː n / Benzodiazepine List of benzodiazepines Benzodiazepine overdose Benzodiazepine dependence Benzodiazepine misuse Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome Effects of long-term benzodiazepine use v t e Benzodiazepine overdose describes the ingestion of one of the drugs in the benzodiazepine class in quantities greater than are recommended or generally practiced. ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : F13 .0, T42.4 ICD - 9-CM : 969.4 External resources eMedicine : article/813255 v t e Psychoactive substance-related disorder General SID Substance intoxication / Drug overdose Substance-induced psychosis Withdrawal : Craving Neonatal withdrawal Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) SUD Substance abuse / Substance-related disorders Physical dependence / Psychological dependence / Substance dependence Combined substance use SUD Polysubstance dependence SID Combined drug intoxication (CDI) Alcohol SID Cardiovascular diseases Alcoholic cardiomyopathy Alcohol flush reaction (AFR) Gastrointestinal diseases Alcoholic liver disease (ALD): Alcoholic hepatitis Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS) Endocrine diseases Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) Nervous system diseases Alcohol-related dementia (ARD) Alcohol intoxication Hangover Neurological disorders Alcoholic hallucinosis Alcoholic polyneuropathy Alcohol-related brain damage Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS): Alcoholic hallucinosis Delirium tremens (DTs) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) Korsakoff syndrome Positional alcohol nystagmus (PAN) Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS, Korsakoff psychosis) Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) Respiratory tract diseases Alcohol-induced respiratory reactions Alcoholic lung disease SUD Alcoholism (alcohol use disorder (AUD)) Binge drinking Caffeine SID Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder Caffeine-induced sleep disorder Caffeinism SUD Caffeine dependence Cannabis SID Cannabis arteritis Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) SUD Amotivational syndrome Cannabis use disorder (CUD) Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder Cocaine SID Cocaine intoxication Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) SUD Cocaine dependence Hallucinogen SID Acute intoxication from hallucinogens (bad trip) Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) Nicotine SID Nicotine poisoning Nicotine withdrawal SUD Nicotine dependence Opioids SID Opioid overdose SUD Opioid use disorder (OUD) Sedative / hypnotic SID Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal) benzodiazepine : SID Benzodiazepine overdose Benzodiazepine withdrawal SUD Benzodiazepine use disorder (BUD) Benzodiazepine dependence barbiturate : SID Barbiturate overdose SUD Barbiturate dependence Stimulants SID Stimulant psychosis amphetamine : SUD Amphetamine dependence Volatile solvent SID Sudden sniffing death syndrome (SSDS) Toluene toxicity SUD Inhalant abuse v t e Poisoning Toxicity Overdose History of poison Inorganic Metals Toxic metals Beryllium Cadmium Lead Mercury Nickel Silver Thallium Tin Dietary minerals Chromium Cobalt Copper Iron Manganese Zinc Metalloids Arsenic Nonmetals Sulfuric acid Selenium Chlorine Fluoride Organic Phosphorus Pesticides Aluminium phosphide Organophosphates Nitrogen Cyanide Nicotine Nitrogen dioxide poisoning CHO alcohol Ethanol Ethylene glycol Methanol Carbon monoxide Oxygen Toluene Pharmaceutical Drug overdoses Nervous Anticholinesterase Aspirin Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Cocaine Lithium Opioids Paracetamol Tricyclic antidepressants Cardiovascular Digoxin Dipyridamole Vitamin poisoning Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Megavitamin-B 6 syndrome Biological 1 Fish / seafood Ciguatera Haff disease Ichthyoallyeinotoxism Scombroid Shellfish poisoning Amnesic Diarrhetic Neurotoxic Paralytic Other vertebrates amphibian venom Batrachotoxin Bombesin Bufotenin Physalaemin birds / quail Coturnism snake venom Alpha-Bungarotoxin Ancrod Batroxobin Arthropods Arthropod bites and stings bee sting / bee venom Apamin Melittin scorpion venom Charybdotoxin spider venom Latrotoxin / Latrodectism Loxoscelism tick paralysis Plants / fungi Cinchonism Ergotism Lathyrism Locoism Mushrooms Strychnine 1 including venoms , toxins , foodborne illnesses .
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Constipation
Wikipedia
Extra-intestinal masses such as other malignancies can also lead to constipation from external compression. [26] Constipation also has neurological causes, including anismus , descending perineum syndrome , and Hirschsprung's disease . [7] In infants, Hirschsprung's disease is the most common medical disorder associated with constipation. ... They are as a group uncommon with Hirschsprung's disease (HD) being the most common. [30] There are also congenital structural anomalies that can lead to constipation, including anterior displacement of the anus, imperforate anus , strictures, and small left colon syndrome. [31] Pathothysiology This section is empty. ... Diseases associated with constipation include hypothyroidism , certain types of cancer , and irritable bowel syndrome . Low fiber intake, inadequate amounts of fluids, poor ambulation or immobility, or medications can contribute to constipation. [15] [22] Once the presence of constipation is identified based on a culmination of the symptoms described above, then the cause of the constipation should be figured out. ... "The Overlap between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Clinical Dilemma" . ... External links Classification D ICD - 10 : K59.0 ICD - 9-CM : 564.0 MeSH : D003248 DiseasesDB : 3080 External resources MedlinePlus : 003125 eMedicine : med/2833 09-129b. at Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Home Edition Constipation - Introduction (UK NHS site) MedlinePlus Overview constipation Constipation Guideline - the World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO) v t e Diseases of the digestive system Upper GI tract Esophagus Esophagitis Candidal Eosinophilic Herpetiform Rupture Boerhaave syndrome Mallory–Weiss syndrome UES Zenker's diverticulum LES Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Diffuse esophageal spasm Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Esophageal stricture Megaesophagus Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis Stomach Gastritis Atrophic Ménétrier's disease Gastroenteritis Peptic (gastric) ulcer Cushing ulcer Dieulafoy's lesion Dyspepsia Pyloric stenosis Achlorhydria Gastroparesis Gastroptosis Portal hypertensive gastropathy Gastric antral vascular ectasia Gastric dumping syndrome Gastric volvulus Buried bumper syndrome Gastrinoma Zollinger–Ellison syndrome Lower GI tract Enteropathy Small intestine ( Duodenum / Jejunum / Ileum ) Enteritis Duodenitis Jejunitis Ileitis Peptic (duodenal) ulcer Curling's ulcer Malabsorption : Coeliac Tropical sprue Blind loop syndrome Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome Whipple's Short bowel syndrome Steatorrhea Milroy disease Bile acid malabsorption Large intestine ( Appendix / Colon ) Appendicitis Colitis Pseudomembranous Ulcerative Ischemic Microscopic Collagenous Lymphocytic Functional colonic disease IBS Intestinal pseudoobstruction / Ogilvie syndrome Megacolon / Toxic megacolon Diverticulitis / Diverticulosis / SCAD Large and/or small Enterocolitis Necrotizing Gastroenterocolitis IBD Crohn's disease Vascular : Abdominal angina Mesenteric ischemia Angiodysplasia Bowel obstruction : Ileus Intussusception Volvulus Fecal impaction Constipation Diarrhea Infectious Intestinal adhesions Rectum Proctitis Radiation proctitis Proctalgia fugax Rectal prolapse Anismus Anal canal Anal fissure / Anal fistula Anal abscess Hemorrhoid Anal dysplasia Pruritus ani GI bleeding Blood in stool Upper Hematemesis Melena Lower Hematochezia Accessory Liver Hepatitis Viral hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis PBC Fatty liver NASH Vascular Budd–Chiari syndrome Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Portal hypertension Nutmeg liver Alcoholic liver disease Liver failure Hepatic encephalopathy Acute liver failure Liver abscess Pyogenic Amoebic Hepatorenal syndrome Peliosis hepatis Metabolic disorders Wilson's disease Hemochromatosis Gallbladder Cholecystitis Gallstone / Cholelithiasis Cholesterolosis Adenomyomatosis Postcholecystectomy syndrome Porcelain gallbladder Bile duct / Other biliary tree Cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Secondary sclerosing cholangitis Ascending Cholestasis / Mirizzi's syndrome Biliary fistula Haemobilia Common bile duct Choledocholithiasis Biliary dyskinesia Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Pancreatic Pancreatitis Acute Chronic Hereditary Pancreatic abscess Pancreatic pseudocyst Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic fistula Other Hernia Diaphragmatic Congenital Hiatus Inguinal Indirect Direct Umbilical Femoral Obturator Spigelian Lumbar Petit's Grynfeltt-Lesshaft Undefined location Incisional Internal hernia Richter's Peritoneal Peritonitis Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Hemoperitoneum Pneumoperitoneum Authority control GND : 4132815-2 NDL : 00560602THRA, OPRM1, GCG, POMC, PON1, MED13, GPBAR1, CHRM3, GDNF, RET, SLC6A3, SNCA, FLNA, KIT, PACS1, MECP2, COMT, EDNRB, BRAF, DDC, TTR, PHOX2B, NRTN, LRRK2, SLC35A2, TG, TH, TGFBR2, LHX3, PPM1D, KCNAB2, PAX8, TCF20, TCF4, ELP1, CDK13, TBP, TBCD, USP7, THRB, CLIP2, NKX2-1, PCGF2, TNFRSF1A, TPO, TRH, TRHR, TSHB, TSHR, TAF1, HIRA, UBE3A, UCHL1, WFS1, UFD1, TBX1, ABL1, CDKL5, MAP2K1, ATXN2, SALL1, RREB1, RFC2, DPF2, RAD51, PROP1, PRNP, PPP3CA, STAT6, PPOX, POU1F1, POLG, PODXL, PMS2, PMS1, PIK3CA, SLC26A4, ATXN8OS, SCN9A, SCN10A, SCNN1A, STAR, SOX10, SOX4, HESX1, SOX2, SMPD1, SLC12A3, SLC12A1, SLC6A8, SLC5A5, SKI, SIX3, SDHC, SDHB, SDHA, SCNN1G, SCNN1B, SOX3, NRXN1, BCL10, TWNK, PINK1, SEMA4A, IRF2BPL, PRDM16, HPSE2, ZSWIM6, CHD8, GJC2, MRAP, CDC73, KMT2E, VPS11, MBD5, PHIP, VPS13C, P4HTM, MAGEL2, UFC1, MRPS34, EFL1, BAZ1B, SEMA3D, CISD2, DUOXA2, IYD, UNC80, CAVIN1, KANSL1, NALCN, EBF3, JMJD1C, WDR26, ARID2, VPS13B, IRAK1BP1, PROKR2, CHST14, UBE3B, LHX4, VANGL1, DACT1, WAC, CHCHD2, ARNT2, MALT1, SRCAP, RAI1, TXNRD2, DEAF1, SEMA3C, CD96, MED12, LRIG2, MLXIPL, DNAJC6, TMEM94, SEC24C, SNCAIP, GTF2IRD1, PEX16, PCCB, TRIP12, TLK2, POLG2, SCN11A, PARK7, DUOX2, RRM2B, HTRA2, COQ2, FOXP1, MLH3, TBL2, NNT, MLYCD, SIK3, CAMTA1, RHOBTB2, POGZ, SPART, IQSEC2, KDM1A, FAN1, PDGFRA, RPS20, PCCA, EXT2, FLII, FLI1, FOXE1, FOXG1, FGFR1, BPTF, EP300, FTL, ELN, EDN3, TYMP, ECE1, ATN1, DYNC1H1, MTOR, GABRA3, IGHMBP2, GTF2I, HNRNPK, HNRNPH2, HMBS, HIVEP2, HFE, H3-3A, MSH6, GABRD, GRIN2B, GRIN1, GP1BB, GLUD2, GLI2, GBA, DHPS, DHCR7, DES, BIRC3, AVPR2, ATRX, RERE, ASCL1, ARVCF, AQP2, APC, DDX3X, SLC25A4, ALPL, ALDOB, ALAD, ADH1C, ACTG2, BMPR1A, BRCA1, CACNA1A, CACNA1C, CACNA1S, CAMK2B, CASR, CLCNKB, COL6A1, COL7A1, COL17A1, CPOX, CREBBP, CSNK2A1, NKX2-5, CTNS, DDOST, IGH, KCNJ18, MMP1, MITF, OTX2, ND5, ND4, ND1, COX3, MAPT, OCRL, COX2, COX1, NR4A2, MC2R, MSH2, MDH2, MLH1, MEFV, ND6, TRNE, KRAS, TRNL1, TRNW, NAB2, PRKN, TRNS2, TRNS1, TRNQ, KCNJ1, TRNF, MIPEP, TRNK, KRT5, KRT14, TRNH, LIMK1, LMNB1, EPCAM, TAC1, VIP, MLN, AQP3, CFTR, FAAH, GUCY2C, GAST, SST, SLC6A4, AQP9, CHGA, IL6, NPS, ACHE, TPH1, PYY, ACE, TSPO, SLC26A3, BDNF, STC1, FGF19, NTS, ARMC9, PAFAH1B1, PGR, CHSY3, ADRA2C, IBD7, LGALS14, RETN, PTEN, CREB3L1, NFE2L2, ASRGL1, RARB, MIR29A, MYLK3, AQP4, CAT, CDC42, MTFMT, PACC1, NAT10, NTF3, ATHS, NGF, AMBP, ATP4A, NPY, NTSR1, AVP, ATP12A, ASXL1, OPRD1, NOS3, BCL2, NPR3, OR2AG1, ALPP, MYLK2, CHAT, BMP2, NID1, GER, PAEP, ALB, TP53INP2, IL17A, ATRNL1, TET2, GP1BA, TNFSF15, SMARCB1, SERPINA5, FOS, FYN, GABPA, CLDN1, GAD1, MGAM, GHSR, PDE5A, GNB3, FFAR2, CHD4, GPT, MANBA, YWHAE, SMAD4, TRPV1, LAMC2, HTR4, HTR7, TNXB, TNXA, IGSF1, IL1B, SLPI, AKR1A1, FGS2, MPO, UGT1A9, CLCN2, MYLK, CRBN, NEUROG3, IL22, NXPH1, REM1, CSF2, PDLIM3, B3GAT1, IL10, PART1, SF3B1, SYNM, CXCL11, SDC1, NCOA6, SI, COG2, CD160, BTG3, F2RL1, CCL27, FABP4, FN1
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Barrett's Esophagus
Wikipedia
Barrett's esophagus at National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Barrett's esophagus Video Overview and Barrett's esophagus Health Information at Mayo Clinic v t e Diseases of the digestive system Upper GI tract Esophagus Esophagitis Candidal Eosinophilic Herpetiform Rupture Boerhaave syndrome Mallory–Weiss syndrome UES Zenker's diverticulum LES Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Diffuse esophageal spasm Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Esophageal stricture Megaesophagus Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis Stomach Gastritis Atrophic Ménétrier's disease Gastroenteritis Peptic (gastric) ulcer Cushing ulcer Dieulafoy's lesion Dyspepsia Pyloric stenosis Achlorhydria Gastroparesis Gastroptosis Portal hypertensive gastropathy Gastric antral vascular ectasia Gastric dumping syndrome Gastric volvulus Buried bumper syndrome Gastrinoma Zollinger–Ellison syndrome Lower GI tract Enteropathy Small intestine ( Duodenum / Jejunum / Ileum ) Enteritis Duodenitis Jejunitis Ileitis Peptic (duodenal) ulcer Curling's ulcer Malabsorption : Coeliac Tropical sprue Blind loop syndrome Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome Whipple's Short bowel syndrome Steatorrhea Milroy disease Bile acid malabsorption Large intestine ( Appendix / Colon ) Appendicitis Colitis Pseudomembranous Ulcerative Ischemic Microscopic Collagenous Lymphocytic Functional colonic disease IBS Intestinal pseudoobstruction / Ogilvie syndrome Megacolon / Toxic megacolon Diverticulitis / Diverticulosis / SCAD Large and/or small Enterocolitis Necrotizing Gastroenterocolitis IBD Crohn's disease Vascular : Abdominal angina Mesenteric ischemia Angiodysplasia Bowel obstruction : Ileus Intussusception Volvulus Fecal impaction Constipation Diarrhea Infectious Intestinal adhesions Rectum Proctitis Radiation proctitis Proctalgia fugax Rectal prolapse Anismus Anal canal Anal fissure / Anal fistula Anal abscess Hemorrhoid Anal dysplasia Pruritus ani GI bleeding Blood in stool Upper Hematemesis Melena Lower Hematochezia Accessory Liver Hepatitis Viral hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis PBC Fatty liver NASH Vascular Budd–Chiari syndrome Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Portal hypertension Nutmeg liver Alcoholic liver disease Liver failure Hepatic encephalopathy Acute liver failure Liver abscess Pyogenic Amoebic Hepatorenal syndrome Peliosis hepatis Metabolic disorders Wilson's disease Hemochromatosis Gallbladder Cholecystitis Gallstone / Cholelithiasis Cholesterolosis Adenomyomatosis Postcholecystectomy syndrome Porcelain gallbladder Bile duct / Other biliary tree Cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Secondary sclerosing cholangitis Ascending Cholestasis / Mirizzi's syndrome Biliary fistula Haemobilia Common bile duct Choledocholithiasis Biliary dyskinesia Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Pancreatic Pancreatitis Acute Chronic Hereditary Pancreatic abscess Pancreatic pseudocyst Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic fistula Other Hernia Diaphragmatic Congenital Hiatus Inguinal Indirect Direct Umbilical Femoral Obturator Spigelian Lumbar Petit's Grynfeltt-Lesshaft Undefined location Incisional Internal hernia Richter's Peritoneal Peritonitis Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Hemoperitoneum PneumoperitoneumPTGS2, CTHRC1, MSR1, ASCC1, GAST, CXCL8, MCL1, RELA, NR1I2, PPARG, SST, CDH13, SLC9A1, RPRM, HGF, CYP26A1, BMP4, PTGES, BECN1, GDF7, ALDH1A2, CRTC1, APOB, IKBIP, CEP72, BARX1, CDX2, CFTR, FH, OR12D3, ERBB2, RAD21, EGFR, VPS35L, OR5V1, AGO3, H3P10, CDKN2A, MTCO2P12, TMOD1, APC, TP53, SLC12A6, COX2, MSRA, TPPP, TFF3, NOX5, CDX1, IL6, CCND1, TNF, MUC5AC, MYC, SAFB, SLC22A18, EGF, CTNNB1, FOXF1, IL1B, IGFBP3, HGD, MIR205, BCL2, STAT3, TP63, MIR203A, CYLD, PROM1, FHIT, MMP1, MLH1, IFNA1, DCTN6, MUC2, ZNRD2, GPX3, IFI27, GSTP1, PSMD9, KCNH2, NR1H4, IL18, HMGB1, TMED7, UVRAG, IFNA13, GSTM1, RPE65, CKAP4, TMED7-TICAM2, SOX9, TICAM2, RUNX3, TIMP1, VEGFA, MIR192, SLC10A2, TERT, H3P23, MIR215, CDK2, CD44, FOXP3, C9, MIR21, HNF1A, CAV1, MIR223, BFAR, IGF1, TNFRSF12A, CCN1, KLF5, RTRAF, TBX5, MIR31, KRAS, TFF1, MUC1, ADRB2, MSH2, COX1, MMP2, VDR, TLR4, FAS, DKK1, CDH17, ATOH1, MUC3A, VIM, AGR2, TGFB1, TFF2, EPCAM, SFRP1, CDH1, FN1, MIRLET7C, DECR1, PARP1, REN, IL23R, ZNF569, MADCAM1, SOX2, PTGS1, GSTT1, HSPB3, XRCC1, AICDA, SI, EIF2B5, TRIM21, HSPB2, CLDN4, LGR5, HSPB1, WNT3A, XPR1, MIR143, KLF4, ESR1, PITX1, HPSE, ADAM9, FOSL1, NES, IGF2BP3, ARID1A, AXIN2, IL18RAP, TFPI2, ROCK2, SCO2, CXCR4, ZNF217, BCAR1, GSTO1, ADIPOQ, WNT2, AKAP12, DCLK1, WNT5A, CLDN2, RNF14, KEAP1, VTN, SELENBP1, GDF15, ABCC5, NET1, SPAG11B, PPIE, SOCS1, KRT20, UBE2C, MUC17, GADL1, JMJD1C, TRIM39-RPP21, HTR3C, GPBAR1, VSIG10L, PWAR1, BEST3, RNF32, B3GAT2, THEMIS, SLCO6A1, OMA1, MIR155HG, AZIN2, ZNF682, TSPAN18, AFAP1-AS1, PCGF5, PDCD1LG2, GSTK1, ZNF793, TRIM31, POU5F1P3, COMMD3-BMI1, KLRC4-KLRK1, TMX2-CTNND1, MICA, HPP1, POTEF, MUC5B, SPAG11A, POU5F1P4, MIR502, C17orf97, MIR193B, MIR375, MIR133B, MIR17HG, MIR25, MIR196A1, MIR145, MIR130A, MIR106B, RPP21, RABEP2, ADIPOR2, RNF11, ADIPOR1, RNF141, TAS2R13, CHST11, RMC1, HPGDS, SPINK4, PDCD4, FOXP1, GNL3, RNF128, EPC2, TMEFF2, AMACR, KLRK1, TREX1, RNF24, RNF139, ANXA10, WIF1, GOLM1, TLR9, RIN2, BNC2, SLC52A2, FNDC3B, GOLPH3, TSPYL2, GER, UBL5, MUC3B, TRIB3, GJC2, AKR1B10, IFNK, TRIM39, GKN1, RNF130, ITLN1, SAGE1, RNF121, QRSL1, BEST2, VCAM1, ACTB, TYMS, FASN, GABPA, FUT4, FRZB, FRAXC, FRA16D, FRA5E, FGFR2, FGF2, FGF1, FABP6, TYMP, FABP1, F2R, EYA4, ERCC2, EPHB4, ENG, MARK2, ELANE, EDN1, GATA6, GHR, GNAS, GPX1, HPGD, HOXB7, HOXB6, HOXB@, HNF4A, FOXA3, FOXA2, HLA-DQA1, HIF1A, HFE, HAS2, H2AX, GZMB, MSH6, GSTM2, GSM1, GRB7, GPX7, GPX2, S1PR1, E2F3, HSP90B1, ATP12A, CCNA2, CCKBR, CAT, BUB1, BRCA1, BMI1, BCL3, ATP4A, ATP2A3, ATM, DPP4, FASLG, APRT, APOBEC1, APEX1, ANXA1, ANPEP, AMPD1, AGT, JAG1, CD1A, CD80, TNFRSF8, CDK4, DNASE1, NQO1, DEFB1, AKR1C2, DDC, DCC, DAPK1, CD55, DAD1, CYP17A1, CTSE, CTSD, CTNND1, CSE1L, CRYZ, CLDN7, COL1A1, CDO1, CDK9, HRAS, HSPA4, TNC, PGC, PTH, PTGER2, MAPK8, POU5F1, PMS2, PKP1, PIK3CB, PIK3CA, PIGA, PCNA, ICAM1, OXTR, OGG1, NOTCH3, NOTCH2, NOTCH1, NME1, NFKB1, NFE2L2, NELL1, RBP1, REG1A, RFC3, RFX1, TLR2, TGM2, ZEB1, TAC1, SPRR2C, SPARC, SOD2, SOD1, SOAT1, SNAI2, SLC2A1, SKIL, SKI, SHBG, SFRP2, SAT1, S100A9, S100A7, S100A4, CEACAM6, MYO9B, MXI1, MXD1, LEPR, LEP, KRT14, KRT5, KLRC1, ITGAE, INSRR, CXCL10, IL17A, IL12B, IL10, IL2, IL1A, IGFBP7, IGF2, IGF1R, IFNG, ICAM3, ICAM2, LTA, MAD2L1, MUC6, SMAD4, MTR, MTHFR, MTAP, MSX1, MSI1, MSH5, MPG, MMP13, MMP9, MMP7, MKI67, MICB, MGST1, MGMT, MFAP1, MDM2, MCC, MAX, MAL, PVT1
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Compulsive Buying Disorder
Wikipedia
This particular case has been studied by Professor Bratec in its PhD about BEP parties [56] Gear Acquisition Syndrome (G.A.S.) [ edit ] Since the 1990s, the acronym G.A.S. ("Gear Acquisition Syndrome") is used in internet forums and magazines for musicians , audio engineers and photographers to denote compulsive accumulation of technical equipment. The acronym was coined by Steely Dan guitarist Walter Becker in a 1994 satirical Guitar Player magazine column titled "The Dreaded G.A.S.". [57] Describing a fellow guitarist's family room covered entirely with guitars, Becker speaks of "Guitar Acquisition Syndrome": You undoubtedly know someone who has it. ... The study finds the main reason for compulsive gear acquisition among musicians to be the quest for stylistic flexibility. [61] "Gear acquisition syndrome" has been called an example of commodity fetishism . [62] See also [ edit ] Money disorders Underearners Anonymous Shopaholic (novels) Confessions of a Shopaholic (film) References [ edit ] ^ OMD. (2000, March 5). ... Attack" . ^ "Google Groups" . ^ Power, Rob; April 2015, Matt Parker 01. "7 stages of Gear Acquisition Syndrome" . MusicRadar . Retrieved 2020-07-14 . ^ Jan-Peter Herbst: "'Gear Acquisition Syndrome': A Survey of Electric Guitar Players", in: Julia Merill (ed.): Popular Music Studies Today.
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Angular Cheilitis
Wikipedia
Xerostomia (dry mouth) is thought to account for about 5% of cases of AC. [5] Xerostomia itself has many possible causes, but commonly the cause may be side effects of medications, or conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome . Conversely, conditions which cause drooling or sialorrhoea (excessive salivation) can cause angular cheilitis by creating a constant wet environment in the corners of the mouth. About 25% of people with Down syndrome appear to have AC. [5] This is due to relative macroglossia , an apparently large tongue in a small mouth, which may constantly stick out of the mouth causing maceration of the corners of the mouth with saliva. Inflammatory bowel diseases (such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis ) can be associated with angular cheilitis. [4] In Crohn's, it is likely the result of malabsorption and immunosuppressive therapy which gives rise to the sores at the corner of the mouth. [9] Glucagonomas are rare pancreatic endocrine tumors which secrete glucagon , and cause a syndrome of dermatitis, glucose intolerance, weight loss and anemia. AC is a common feature of glucagonoma syndrome. [19] Infrequently, angular cheilitis may be one of the manifestations of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis , [14] and sometimes cases of oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis may accompany angular cheilitis. [2] Angular cheilitis may be present in human immunodeficiency virus infection , [11] neutropenia , [16] or diabetes . [4] Angular cheilitis is more common in people with eczema because their skin is more sensitive to irritants. [2] Other conditions possibly associated include plasma cell gingivitis , [7] Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome , [5] or sideropenic dysphagia (also called Plummer-Vinson syndrome or Paterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome). [5] Drugs [ edit ] Several drugs may cause AC as a side effect, by various mechanisms, such as creating drug-induced xerostomia. ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : K13.0 ICD - 9-CM : 528.5 , 686.8 MeSH : D002613 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Angular cheilitis . v t e Oral and maxillofacial pathology Lips Cheilitis Actinic Angular Plasma cell Cleft lip Congenital lip pit Eclabium Herpes labialis Macrocheilia Microcheilia Nasolabial cyst Sun poisoning Trumpeter's wart Tongue Ankyloglossia Black hairy tongue Caviar tongue Crenated tongue Cunnilingus tongue Fissured tongue Foliate papillitis Glossitis Geographic tongue Median rhomboid glossitis Transient lingual papillitis Glossoptosis Hypoglossia Lingual thyroid Macroglossia Microglossia Rhabdomyoma Palate Bednar's aphthae Cleft palate High-arched palate Palatal cysts of the newborn Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia Stomatitis nicotina Torus palatinus Oral mucosa – Lining of mouth Amalgam tattoo Angina bullosa haemorrhagica Behçet's disease Bohn's nodules Burning mouth syndrome Candidiasis Condyloma acuminatum Darier's disease Epulis fissuratum Erythema multiforme Erythroplakia Fibroma Giant-cell Focal epithelial hyperplasia Fordyce spots Hairy leukoplakia Hand, foot and mouth disease Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis Herpangina Herpes zoster Intraoral dental sinus Leukoedema Leukoplakia Lichen planus Linea alba Lupus erythematosus Melanocytic nevus Melanocytic oral lesion Molluscum contagiosum Morsicatio buccarum Oral cancer Benign: Squamous cell papilloma Keratoacanthoma Malignant: Adenosquamous carcinoma Basaloid squamous carcinoma Mucosal melanoma Spindle cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Verrucous carcinoma Oral florid papillomatosis Oral melanosis Smoker's melanosis Pemphigoid Benign mucous membrane Pemphigus Plasmoacanthoma Stomatitis Aphthous Denture-related Herpetic Smokeless tobacco keratosis Submucous fibrosis Ulceration Riga–Fede disease Verruca vulgaris Verruciform xanthoma White sponge nevus Teeth ( pulp , dentin , enamel ) Amelogenesis imperfecta Ankylosis Anodontia Caries Early childhood caries Concrescence Failure of eruption of teeth Dens evaginatus Talon cusp Dentin dysplasia Dentin hypersensitivity Dentinogenesis imperfecta Dilaceration Discoloration Ectopic enamel Enamel hypocalcification Enamel hypoplasia Turner's hypoplasia Enamel pearl Fluorosis Fusion Gemination Hyperdontia Hypodontia Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis Impaction Wisdom tooth impaction Macrodontia Meth mouth Microdontia Odontogenic tumors Keratocystic odontogenic tumour Odontoma Dens in dente Open contact Premature eruption Neonatal teeth Pulp calcification Pulp stone Pulp canal obliteration Pulp necrosis Pulp polyp Pulpitis Regional odontodysplasia Resorption Shovel-shaped incisors Supernumerary root Taurodontism Trauma Avulsion Cracked tooth syndrome Vertical root fracture Occlusal Tooth loss Edentulism Tooth wear Abrasion Abfraction Acid erosion Attrition Periodontium ( gingiva , periodontal ligament , cementum , alveolus ) – Gums and tooth-supporting structures Cementicle Cementoblastoma Gigantiform Cementoma Eruption cyst Epulis Pyogenic granuloma Congenital epulis Gingival enlargement Gingival cyst of the adult Gingival cyst of the newborn Gingivitis Desquamative Granulomatous Plasma cell Hereditary gingival fibromatosis Hypercementosis Hypocementosis Linear gingival erythema Necrotizing periodontal diseases Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Pericoronitis Peri-implantitis Periodontal abscess Periodontal trauma Periodontitis Aggressive As a manifestation of systemic disease Chronic Perio-endo lesion Teething Periapical, mandibular and maxillary hard tissues – Bones of jaws Agnathia Alveolar osteitis Buccal exostosis Cherubism Idiopathic osteosclerosis Mandibular fracture Microgenia Micrognathia Intraosseous cysts Odontogenic : periapical Dentigerous Buccal bifurcation Lateral periodontal Globulomaxillary Calcifying odontogenic Glandular odontogenic Non-odontogenic: Nasopalatine duct Median mandibular Median palatal Traumatic bone Osteoma Osteomyelitis Osteonecrosis Bisphosphonate-associated Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis Osteoradionecrosis Osteoporotic bone marrow defect Paget's disease of bone Periapical abscess Phoenix abscess Periapical periodontitis Stafne defect Torus mandibularis Temporomandibular joints , muscles of mastication and malocclusions – Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities Bruxism Condylar resorption Mandibular dislocation Malocclusion Crossbite Open bite Overbite Overeruption Overjet Prognathia Retrognathia Scissor bite Maxillary hypoplasia Temporomandibular joint dysfunction Salivary glands Benign lymphoepithelial lesion Ectopic salivary gland tissue Frey's syndrome HIV salivary gland disease Necrotizing sialometaplasia Mucocele Ranula Pneumoparotitis Salivary duct stricture Salivary gland aplasia Salivary gland atresia Salivary gland diverticulum Salivary gland fistula Salivary gland hyperplasia Salivary gland hypoplasia Salivary gland neoplasms Benign: Basal cell adenoma Canalicular adenoma Ductal papilloma Monomorphic adenoma Myoepithelioma Oncocytoma Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum Pleomorphic adenoma Sebaceous adenoma Malignant: Acinic cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Adenoid cystic carcinoma Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma Lymphoma Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Sclerosing polycystic adenosis Sialadenitis Parotitis Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis Sialectasis Sialocele Sialodochitis Sialosis Sialolithiasis Sjögren's syndrome Orofacial soft tissues – Soft tissues around the mouth Actinomycosis Angioedema Basal cell carcinoma Cutaneous sinus of dental origin Cystic hygroma Gnathophyma Ludwig's angina Macrostomia Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome Microstomia Noma Oral Crohn's disease Orofacial granulomatosis Perioral dermatitis Pyostomatitis vegetans Other Eagle syndrome Hemifacial hypertrophy Facial hemiatrophy Oral manifestations of systemic disease
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Neuroendocrine Tumor
Wikipedia
Many other hormones can be secreted by some of these tumors, most commonly growth hormone that can cause acromegaly , or cortisol, that can cause Cushing's syndrome . [ citation needed ] Occasionally, haemorrhage or the effects of tumor bulk are the presenting symptoms. ... There may be associated atypical carcinoid syndrome, acromegaly, Cushing disease, other endocrine disorders, telangiectasia, or hypertrophy of the skin in the face and upper neck. [67] These tumors can metastasize to bone. ... "Inherited pancreatic endocrine tumor syndromes: Advances in molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and controversies" . ... "Endocrine tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1, tuberous sclerosis and related syndromes" . Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism . 24 (3): 439–49. doi : 10.1016/j.beem.2010.02.002 . ... Carcinoid Tumors and the Carcinoid Syndrome: What's New in the Therapeutic Pipeline.MEN1, CDKN1B, SSTR2, DAXX, ATRX, BRAF, TYMS, PTHLH, SSTR3, SSTR1, BAP1, MTOR, SST, GAST, SLC6A2, INSM1, CTNNB1, RET, PIK3CA, DNMT3A, POMC, EPHB1, PIK3CG, PIK3CD, CHGA, ELK3, CHEK2, PIK3CB, GRN, CD274, SMUG1, AKT1, GNA12, TP53, SYP, VEGFA, CDKN2A, ASCL1, BCL2, ENO2, NCAM1, GCG, MYCN, EGFR, MGMT, KIT, RASSF1, VHL, SCLC1, SSTR5, FOLH1, NKX2-1, KRAS, CALCA, CCND1, TAC1, PTPRF, VIP, NTS, PAX5, RHBDF2, GRP, IGF1, SDHD, GOT1, MAP2K7, CCK, ERBB2, DLL3, PPY, CXCL12, TP63, SMAD4, MUC1, INS, GCGR, CKAP4, NEUROD1, ISL1, MYC, NGF, SATB2, GLP1R, HSP90AA1, H3P10, HRAS, CHGB, CALR, NTRK1, TEK, DLK1, CDK4, CDX2, TGFA, UCHL1, RPE65, PGR, PDGFRA, CARTPT, CRH, UVRAG, SLC5A5, CXCR4, IGF1R, OTP, IL6, PHLDA3, TTF1, PAX8, TACR1, STK11, TRIM21, PLA2G15, SCG2, SQLE, SLC18A2, TERT, HDAC9, SLC2A1, PROM1, BCL2L11, NTSR1, PAX6, NAMPT, NOCT, INA, PLCB3, CD200, MKI67, PDX1, MAPK1, NES, HPSE, PTEN, STMN1, ABO, RIPK1, RORC, RAF1, IL1B, TRPV1, GATA3, ANGPT2, FOXM1, PTK2B, SDHAF2, ACCS, BDNF, EPAS1, EGF, ACSS2, MIB1, DNMT1, CCN2, TRPM8, CLDN4, CPE, CD34, CD44, FLNA, CEACAM5, B3GAT1, GH1, GIP, GHSR, GIPR, ADCY2, ALB, H3P28, TPPP2, H4C5, GGH, MIR1290, TMEM209, ELOA3, H4C13, H4C14, GPR151, SRPX, LGR5, TNFSF11, PSMG1, DCBLD2, H4-16, NRP1, MRGPRX4, SOCS1, H4C2, MIR3137, MRGPRX3, TNFRSF25, H3P12, CYYR1, AZIN2, DNER, AK6, MLIP, LMLN, NRP2, GPR68, MIR1246, H4C8, MAFK, MIR150, MIR155, MBOAT4, H4C9, MIR21, POTEKP, VN1R17P, SNORD95, GPR166P, ARID1A, EID3, SLC7A5, MIR375, H4C15, FZD4, MIRLET7C, OXER1, H4C12, HMGA2, H4C3, ARX, ELOA3B, GPRC6A, H4C11, H4C6, C17orf97, POTEM, MRGPRX1, ARMH1, H4C1, GADL1, ACTBL2, H4C4, BRI3, SQSTM1, ISYNA1, GHRL, ACOT7, KLF12, KRT20, SLC27A4, TET2, BCOR, EBNA1BP2, RALBP1, PGRMC1, LAMTOR1, FBXW7, MEG3, MAML3, TMEM127, NTNG1, ATRAID, KHDRBS1, DCTN4, SNORD61, NUP62, SNORD48, NTSR2, LPAR3, MAPK8IP2, SRRM2, BRD4, TRAM1, SPINK4, XIST, PPWD1, RBMS3, SETD1B, ZHX2, TNFSF13B, USE1, MAK16, UBE2Z, ONECUT2, FHL5, GCM2, DCLK1, ZBED1, ARHGEF2, PALB2, ALG9, SNED1, TET1, PDCD1LG2, TMPRSS13, MTA1, RPAIN, H1-10, EEF1E1, LGR6, PRMT5, NEUROD4, YAP1, SCML2, LANCL1, PAK4, RABEPK, ZNF197, CTNNBL1, PNO1, INSL5, EPB41L5, HDAC5, AKT3, CD302, GBA3, DCAF1, ATAT1, SERPINA3, VCL, CGA, ESR1, ERBB4, EPHB2, E2F1, DUSP2, DSG3, DPT, DPP4, DMBT1, DDC, DAD1, VCAN, CREB1, CRABP1, KLF6, CLU, FOXN3, CEACAM7, CEACAM3, ESR2, ETFA, EZH2, GHRH, HSPA4, AGFG1, HMOX1, HMGA1, GTF2H1, GSN, GNAS, GNA15, GFRA1, F3, GDNF, FSHR, FLT4, FLII, FLI1, FOXO1, FHIT, FGFR4, CGB3, CFL1, UQCRFS1, CDKN2C, FAS, APRT, APLP1, XIAP, APC, SLC25A6, SLC25A4, ANGPT1, ALK, AKT2, AFP, PARP1, ADCYAP1R1, ADCYAP1, ACVRL1, ACTN4, ACTG2, ACTG1, ACR, AQP4, ARF1, ATM, CASP3, CDK6, CD40LG, CD36, CD33, CCNE1, CCKBR, SERPINA6, CAV1, CA9, ATOH1, VPS51, C5, BRS3, BRCA2, DST, BAX, AVP, ATP4A, HTC2, HTR2A, TNC, IAPP, SDC1, SCT, SORT1, RNASE3, RARB, PTPRZ1, PTPRM, PTBP1, PSMD7, PSG2, PRKAR1A, PPP4C, POU4F1, PNN, PKD2, PITX2, PCYT1A, SERPINA5, PAX4, SDCBP, SDHB, SDHC, ST2, UBE2I, TPM3, TPH1, TNF, TM7SF2, TERC, TAT, STAT3, SSTR4, SEMA3F, SSR2, SOX11, SOX4, SOX2, SLPI, SLC3A2, SLC1A5, SFRP1, PAK3, PAK1, TNFRSF11B, KIF11, MDK, MAOA, LCN2, RPSA, L1CAM, KRT19, KRT7, KRT5, IL12A, MET, IL9, CXCL8, IL2, IL1A, IGFBP1, IGF2, IFNA13, IFNA1, MDM2, MFAP1, ODC1, MUTYH, NTRK2, NT5E, NRAS, NOTCH3, NPY, NOTCH1, NFKB1, NEFM, MUC4, CD99, NUDT1, COX2, MTAP, MST1R, MST1, MSMB, MMP7, MLH1, PTPRC
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Hiv/aids
Wikipedia
HIV/AIDS Other names HIV disease, HIV infection [1] [2] The red ribbon is a symbol for solidarity with HIV-positive people and those living with AIDS. [3] Specialty Infectious disease , immunology Symptoms Early : Flu-like illness [4] Later : Large lymph nodes , fever, weight loss [4] Complications Opportunistic infections , tumors [4] Duration Lifelong [4] Causes Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [4] Risk factors Exposure to blood, breast milk, sex, men who have sex with men , drug users , prisoners , sex workers and their clients [4] Diagnostic method Blood tests [4] Prevention Safe sex , needle exchange , male circumcision , pre-exposure prophylaxis , post-exposure prophylaxis [4] Treatment Antiretroviral therapy [4] Prognosis Near normal life expectancy with treatment [5] [6] 11 years life expectancy without treatment [7] Frequency 55.9 million – 100 million total cases [8] 1.7 million new cases (2019) [8] 38 million living with HIV (2019) [8] Deaths 32.7 million total deaths [8] 690,000 (2019) [8] Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( HIV/AIDS ) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), [9] [10] [11] a retrovirus . [12] Following initial infection a person may not notice any symptoms, or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness . [4] Typically, this is followed by a prolonged period with no symptoms. [5] If the infection progresses, it interferes more with the immune system , increasing the risk of developing common infections such as tuberculosis , as well as other opportunistic infections , and tumors which are otherwise rare in people who have normal immune function. [4] These late symptoms of infection are referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). [5] This stage is often also associated with unintended weight loss . [5] HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex (including anal and oral sex ), contaminated blood transfusions , hypodermic needles , and from mother to child during pregnancy , delivery, or breastfeeding. [13] Some bodily fluids, such as saliva, sweat and tears, do not transmit the virus. [14] Methods of prevention include safe sex , needle exchange programs , treating those who are infected , and pre- & post-exposure prophylaxis . [4] Disease in a baby can often be prevented by giving both the mother and child antiretroviral medication . [4] There is no cure or vaccine ; however, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy. [5] [6] Treatment is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is made. [15] Without treatment, the average survival time after infection is 11 years. [7] In 2018, about 37.9 million people were living with HIV and it resulted in 770,000 deaths. [8] An estimated 20.6 million of these live in eastern and southern Africa. [16] Between the time that AIDS was identified (in the early 1980s) and 2018, the disease caused an estimated 32 million deaths worldwide. [8] HIV/AIDS is considered a pandemic —a disease outbreak which is present over a large area and is actively spreading. [17] HIV made the jump from other primates to humans in west-central Africa in the early-to-mid 20th century. [18] AIDS was first recognized by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1981 and its cause—HIV infection—was identified in the early part of the decade. [19] HIV/AIDS has had a large impact on society, both as an illness and as a source of discrimination . [20] The disease also has large economic impacts . [20] There are many misconceptions about HIV/AIDS , such as the belief that it can be transmitted by casual non-sexual contact. [21] The disease has become subject to many controversies involving religion , including the Catholic Church's position not to support condom use as prevention. [22] It has attracted international medical and political attention as well as large-scale funding since it was identified in the 1980s. [23] Play media Video summary ( script ) Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 1.1 Acute infection 1.2 Clinical latency 1.3 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 2 Transmission 2.1 Sexual 2.2 Body fluids 2.3 Mother-to-child 3 Virology 4 Pathophysiology 5 Diagnosis 5.1 HIV testing 5.2 Classifications 6 Prevention 6.1 Sexual contact 6.2 Pre-exposure 6.3 Post-exposure 6.4 Mother-to-child 6.5 Vaccination 7 Treatment 7.1 Antiviral therapy 7.2 Opportunistic infections 7.3 Diet 7.4 Alternative medicine 8 Prognosis 9 Epidemiology 10 History 10.1 Discovery 10.2 Origins 11 Society and culture 11.1 Stigma 11.2 Economic impact 11.3 Religion and AIDS 11.4 Media portrayal 11.5 Criminal transmission 11.6 Misconceptions 12 Research 13 References 14 External links Signs and symptoms Main article: Signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS There are three main stages of HIV infection: acute infection, clinical latency, and AIDS. [1] [24] Acute infection Main symptoms of acute HIV infection The initial period following the contraction of HIV is called acute HIV, primary HIV or acute retroviral syndrome. [24] [25] Many individuals develop an influenza-like illness or a mononucleosis-like illness 2–4 weeks after exposure while others have no significant symptoms. [26] [27] Symptoms occur in 40–90% of cases and most commonly include fever , large tender lymph nodes , throat inflammation , a rash , headache, tiredness, and/or sores of the mouth and genitals. [25] [27] The rash, which occurs in 20–50% of cases, presents itself on the trunk and is maculopapular , classically. [28] Some people also develop opportunistic infections at this stage. [25] Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting or diarrhea may occur. [27] Neurological symptoms of peripheral neuropathy or Guillain–Barré syndrome also occurs. [27] The duration of the symptoms varies, but is usually one or two weeks. [27] Owing to their nonspecific character, these symptoms are not often recognized as signs of HIV infection. ... They represent approximately 1 in 300 infected persons. [33] Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Main symptoms of AIDS. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined as an HIV infection with either a CD4 + T cell count below 200 cells per µL or the occurrence of specific diseases associated with HIV infection. [27] In the absence of specific treatment, around half of people infected with HIV develop AIDS within ten years. [27] The most common initial conditions that alert to the presence of AIDS are pneumocystis pneumonia (40%), cachexia in the form of HIV wasting syndrome (20%), and esophageal candidiasis . [27] Other common signs include recurrent respiratory tract infections . [27] Opportunistic infections may be caused by bacteria , viruses , fungi , and parasites that are normally controlled by the immune system. [34] Which infections occur depends partly on what organisms are common in the person's environment. [27] These infections may affect nearly every organ system . [35] People with AIDS have an increased risk of developing various viral-induced cancers, including Kaposi's sarcoma , Burkitt's lymphoma , primary central nervous system lymphoma , and cervical cancer . [28] Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common cancer, occurring in 10% to 20% of people with HIV. [36] The second-most common cancer is lymphoma, which is the cause of death of nearly 16% of people with AIDS and is the initial sign of AIDS in 3% to 4%. [36] Both these cancers are associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). [36] Cervical cancer occurs more frequently in those with AIDS because of its association with human papillomavirus (HPV). [36] Conjunctival cancer (of the layer that lines the inner part of eyelids and the white part of the eye) is also more common in those with HIV. [37] Additionally, people with AIDS frequently have systemic symptoms such as prolonged fevers, sweats (particularly at night), swollen lymph nodes, chills, weakness, and unintended weight loss . [38] Diarrhea is another common symptom, present in about 90% of people with AIDS. [39] They can also be affected by diverse psychiatric and neurological symptoms independent of opportunistic infections and cancers. [40] Transmission Average per act risk of getting HIV by exposure route to an infected source Exposure route Chance of infection Blood transfusion 90% [41] Childbirth (to child) 25% [42] [ clarification needed ] Needle-sharing injection drug use 0.67% [43] Percutaneous needle stick 0.30% [44] Receptive anal intercourse * 0.04–3.0% [45] Insertive anal intercourse * 0.03% [46] Receptive penile-vaginal intercourse * 0.05–0.30% [45] [47] Insertive penile-vaginal intercourse * 0.01–0.38% [45] [47] Receptive oral intercourse *§ 0–0.04% [45] Insertive oral intercourse *§ 0–0.005% [48] * assuming no condom use § source refers to oral intercourse performed on a man HIV is spread by three main routes: sexual contact , significant exposure to infected body fluids or tissues, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding (known as vertical transmission ). [13] There is no risk of acquiring HIV if exposed to feces , nasal secretions, saliva, sputum , sweat, tears, urine, or vomit unless these are contaminated with blood. [49] It is also possible to be co-infected by more than one strain of HIV—a condition known as HIV superinfection . [50] Sexual The most frequent mode of transmission of HIV is through sexual contact with an infected person. [13] However, an HIV-positive person who has an undetectable viral load as a result of long-term treatment has effectively no risk of transmitting HIV sexually. [51] [52] The existence of functionally noncontagious HIV-positive people on antiretroviral therapy was controversially publicized in the 2008 Swiss Statement , and has since become accepted as medically sound. [53] Globally, the most common mode of HIV transmission is via sexual contacts between people of the opposite sex ; [13] however, the pattern of transmission varies among countries. ... Despite their differences, the two systems allow comparison for statistical purposes. [24] [25] [112] The World Health Organization first proposed a definition for AIDS in 1986. [25] Since then, the WHO classification has been updated and expanded several times, with the most recent version being published in 2007. [25] The WHO system uses the following categories: Primary HIV infection: May be either asymptomatic or associated with acute retroviral syndrome [25] Stage I: HIV infection is asymptomatic with a CD4 + T cell count (also known as CD4 count) greater than 500 per microlitre (µl or cubic mm) of blood. [25] May include generalized lymph node enlargement. [25] Stage II: Mild symptoms, which may include minor mucocutaneous manifestations and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections . ... As of March 2020 [update] , two persons have been successfully cleared of HIV. [156] Rapid initiation of anti-retroviral therapy within one week of diagnosis appear to improve treatment outcomes in low and medium-income settings. [157] Antiviral therapy Stribild – a common once-daily ART regime consisting of elvitegravir , emtricitabine , tenofovir and the booster cobicistat Current HAART options are combinations (or "cocktails") consisting of at least three medications belonging to at least two types, or "classes", of antiretroviral agents. [158] Initially, treatment is typically a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) plus two nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). [159] Typical NRTIs include: zidovudine (AZT) or tenofovir (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC). [159] As of 2019, dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir is listed by the World Health Organization as the first-line treatment for adults, with tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz as an alternative. [160] Combinations of agents that include protease inhibitors (PI) are used if the above regimen loses effectiveness. [158] The World Health Organization and the United States recommend antiretrovirals in people of all ages (including pregnant women) as soon as the diagnosis is made, regardless of CD4 count. [15] [126] [161] Once treatment is begun, it is recommended that it is continued without breaks or "holidays". [28] Many people are diagnosed only after treatment ideally should have begun. [28] The desired outcome of treatment is a long-term plasma HIV-RNA count below 50 copies/mL. [28] Levels to determine if treatment is effective are initially recommended after four weeks and once levels fall below 50 copies/mL checks every three to six months are typically adequate. [28] Inadequate control is deemed to be greater than 400 copies/mL. [28] Based on these criteria treatment is effective in more than 95% of people during the first year. [28] Benefits of treatment include a decreased risk of progression to AIDS and a decreased risk of death. [162] In the developing world, treatment also improves physical and mental health. [163] With treatment, there is a 70% reduced risk of acquiring tuberculosis. [158] Additional benefits include a decreased risk of transmission of the disease to sexual partners and a decrease in mother-to-child transmission. [158] [164] The effectiveness of treatment depends to a large part on compliance. [28] Reasons for non-adherence to treatment include poor access to medical care, [165] inadequate social supports, mental illness and drug abuse . [166] The complexity of treatment regimens (due to pill numbers and dosing frequency) and adverse effects may reduce adherence. [167] Even though cost is an important issue with some medications, [168] 47% of those who needed them were taking them in low- and middle-income countries as of 2010 [update] , [155] and the rate of adherence is similar in low-income and high-income countries. [169] Specific adverse events are related to the antiretroviral agent taken. [170] Some relatively common adverse events include: lipodystrophy syndrome , dyslipidemia , and diabetes mellitus , especially with protease inhibitors. [24] Other common symptoms include diarrhea, [170] [171] and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease . [172] Newer recommended treatments are associated with fewer adverse effects. [28] Certain medications may be associated with birth defects and therefore may be unsuitable for women hoping to have children. [28] Treatment recommendations for children are somewhat different from those for adults. ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and a CDC task force was formed to monitor the outbreak. [237] In the early days, the CDC did not have an official name for the disease, often referring to it by way of diseases associated with it, such as lymphadenopathy , the disease after which the discoverers of HIV originally named the virus. [238] [239] They also used Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections , the name by which a task force had been set up in 1981. [240] At one point the CDC coined it the "4H disease", as the syndrome seemed to affect heroin users, homosexuals, hemophiliacs , and Haitians . [241] [242] In the general press the term GRID , which stood for gay-related immune deficiency , had been coined. [243] However, after determining that AIDS was not isolated to the gay community , [240] it was realized that the term GRID was misleading, and the term AIDS was introduced at a meeting in July 1982. [244] By September 1982 the CDC started referring to the disease as AIDS. [245] In 1983, two separate research groups led by Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier declared that a novel retrovirus may have been infecting people with AIDS, and published their findings in the same issue of theIL2, IFNG, IFNA1, TNF, HLA-B, HCG18, HCG17, SNHG32, CCR5, ZNRD1, ITIH4, CCR2, ERVW-1, OR12D3, PSORS1C1, DDR1, GABBR1, ERVK-20, ERVK-18, OR5V1, TNXB, ERVK-32, TP53, CXCL12, RNF39, LINC02571, PARD3B, DGKI, HCP5, CXCR4, IL10, TAT, ERVK-6, NRSN1, S100B, IL6, CHP1, TPPP, CD9, TMED2, H3P19, HLA-A, CCL5, PDLIM7, CCL2, MYC, IL1B, CD4, BCL6, MBL2, IL4, CXCL10, IL7, ADA, BCL2, CCL3L1, IL1A, B2M, ABCB1, CXCR6, IL15, APOBEC3G, DHFR, TRBV20OR9-2, FAS, F3, TLR4, GPAT3, ARC, FCGR3A, GC, APOE, ABCB6, ENTPD4, SLK, MRPL28, ACTR2, SUB1, ERVK-9, AHSA1, GRAP2, ERVK-21, JAM3, ERVK-25, VDR, TIA1, TIMP1, H3P9, LOC107987479, UNG, ERVK-19, VEGFA, SPAG9, ERVK-24, AIMP2, MICA, SOCS1, TNFSF10, ARHGEF7, ERVK-10, RNF19A, ZHX2, AICDA, PGPEP1, TGM2, CASC1, CLEC9A, USE1, NCR3, ACSS2, INTS2, DNAJB12, IL21, TBATA, GORASP1, WNK1, CARD14, NAF1, ACCS, C6orf120, MIR150, ANGPTL2, CD24, CA14, PLA2G15, LAS1L, POLDIP2, LAMP3, IGHV3-75, NXT1, ERVK-8, TLR9, MIR146B, CD209, MIR375, ASCC1, TLR7, ERVK-7, RTEL1, THBS1, NAT2, PRDX2, MSTN, DHPS, DUSP5, EPO, F9, FCGR3B, FGF1, FGF2, FGF3, FGF5, FUT1, GFAP, CYP2D6, GPI, NR3C1, HIF1A, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, HLA-G, HSP90AA1, HSPD1, ICAM1, IFNB1, CYP27B1, CX3CR1, TRG, C4BPA, APP, FASLG, AR, ATM, ATP6V1E1, BAX, BCHE, BMP1, BST2, C3, CD14, MAPK14, TNFRSF8, CD34, CD38, ENTPD1, CD40, CDKN2B, CCR8, CR2, CRK, CRP, IGF1, IL1RN, IL5, RELA, PLK1, PML, PRCP, MAPK1, PRNP, PSMD8, PTEN, PTN, RAF1, RBL2, CCL3, IL7R, CCL4, CCL18, CXCL11, SFTPD, SOD1, SP1, STAT3, SYT1, TAC1, TAP2, PLAUR, PIN1, PAK2, OSM, CXCL8, IL12B, IL16, IL17A, IL18, INSRR, LDLR, LGALS1, LRP1, LSAMP, CYP4F3, SMAD3, MBP, MMP2, MMP9, MST1R, CYTB, MYD88, NFKB1, YBX1, OPRM1, H3P40
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Childhood Obesity
Wikipedia
Childhood obesity Children with varying degrees of body fat Specialty Endocrinology , pediatrics , bariatrics Part of a series on Human body weight General concepts Obesity ( Epidemiology ) Overweight Underweight Body shape Weight gain Weight loss Gestational weight gain Diet (nutrition) Weight management Overnutrition Childhood obesity ( Epidemiology ) Medical concepts Adipose tissue Classification of obesity Genetics of obesity Metabolic syndrome ( Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome ) Metabolically healthy obesity Obesity paradox Measurements Body adiposity index Body mass index Body fat percentage Body Shape Index Corpulence index Lean body mass Relative Fat Mass Waist–hip ratio Waist-to-height ratio Related conditions Diabetes ( Type 1 ) Eating disorder ( Anorexia • Bulimia • Binge eating disorder ) Food addiction Hyperthyroidism Malnutrition RED-S Starvation ( Starvation response ) PCOS Obesity-associated morbidity Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Fatty liver disease GERD Heart disease Hypertension Obesity and cancer Osteoarthritis Prediabetes Sleep apnea Type 2 diabetes Management of obesity Anti-obesity medication Bariatrics Bariatric surgery Dieting ( List of diets ) Caloric deficit Exercise ( outline ) Liposuction Obesity medicine Weight loss camp Weight loss coaching Yo-yo effect Social aspects Comfort food Fast food ( Criticism ) Fat acceptance movement Fat fetishism Health at Every Size Hunger Obesity and the environment Sedentary lifestyle Social determinants of obesity Social stigma of obesity Weight cutting Weight class v t e Childhood obesity is a condition where excess body fat negatively affects a child's health or well-being. ... Over 200 genes affect weight by determining activity level, food preferences, body type, and metabolism. [33] Having two copies of the allele called FTO increases the likelihood of both obesity and diabetes. [34] As such, obesity is a major feature of a number of rare genetic conditions that often present in childhood: Prader–Willi syndrome with an incidence between 1 in 12,000 and 1 in 15,000 live births is characterized by hyperphagia and food preoccupations which leads to rapid weight gain in those affected. Bardet–Biedl syndrome MOMO syndrome Leptin receptor mutations Congenital leptin deficiency Melanocortin receptor mutations In children with early-onset severe obesity (defined by an onset before ten years of age and body mass index over three standard deviations above normal), 7% harbor a single locus mutation. [35] [36] One study found that 80% of the offspring of two obese parents were obese in contrast to less than 10% of the offspring of two parents who were of normal weight. [1] [37] The percentage of obesity that can be attributed to genetics varies from 6% to 85% depending on the population examined. [38] Family practices In the recent decades, family practices have significantly changed, and several of these practices greatly contribute to childhood obesity: [5] With a decreasing number of mothers who breast-feed, more infants become obese children as they grow up and are reared on infant formula instead. [39] Less children go outside and engage in active play as technology, such as television and video games, keep children indoors. ... High weight babies at the age of one were 1.17 times more likely to be overweight at age seven compared to normal weight babies. [74] Medical illness Cushing's syndrome (a condition in which the body contains excess amounts of cortisol ) may also influence childhood obesity. ... The activity of the cortisol and insulin can possibly activate Cushing's syndrome. [75] Hypothyroidism is a hormonal cause of obesity, but it does not significantly affect obese people who have it more than obese people who do not have it.FTO, APOA1, CETP, APOA5, ADIPOQ, LEP, MC4R, MC3R, POMC, PPARG, LEPR, INS, FABP4, DRD2, ENPP1, ALMS1, PPARA, NMU, GPT, BDNF, APOE, ANGPTL4, ADRB3, GCG, SIRT1, FAAH, OLFM4, GNB3, IL17A, IL10, IGF1, HP, MMP9, GRN, BCL2, RBP4, TMEM18, CNR2, PON1, UCP2, UCP3, CAT, AMD1, PNPLA3, VEGFA, TST, HCP5, UCP1, SOD2, STAT3, EBP, TGFB1, SLC6A8, SLC6A4, TNF, MKKS, CTPP, RAMP2, NAMPT, HDAC4, GDF15, LRAT, ARHGEF2, SOCS3, WASF1, PER3, PDE8B, NR0B2, ACACB, RRAS2, GNPDA2, MBOAT7, STEAP4, TMEM134, LIMD2, ARID5B, MCHR2, LINC00839, NMS, SKA1, NEDD4L, GPX6, ENHO, MIR17, MIR216A, MIR27A, MIR412, RAMP2-AS1, MIR1203, KCTD15, AKTIP, HIF3A, TNMD, SH2B1, FGF21, MYCBP, FETUB, ACAD8, SFRP5, IL22, SOST, TNNI3K, ZNF771, KLF13, NLK, GHRL, TM6SF2, LRP1B, MAGEL2, RETN, SCG5, PLIN1, SCD, FDXR, CNR1, CORD1, CRP, DNMT1, DRD4, ELAVL2, FAT1, GAD2, CD69, GC, GCKR, GH1, GHR, GHSR, GIPR, GPX1, CNP, CD5L, GPX5, AQP7, ADCY3, ALB, AKR1B1, AMY1A, AMY1B, AMY1C, ANGPT1, ARSD, CALR, ATP5F1E, BBS2, BBS4, BCKDHB, BNIP3, DST, CALCR, GPX4, GYS2, SAA1, PMAIP1, OXTR, SERPINE1, PCK1, PCSK1, PEX1, PGF, ADA, MAP2K5, NUCB2, PYY, PTH, PTPRN2, PTPRS, SNORA73A, RORC, SORT1, TNFRSF11B, NPY2R, HFE, LMNA, HSD11B1, IGF2, IMPDH2, IRS1, ITIH4, KCNC2, LGALS1, LMX1B, NOS3, LPL, MEST, MMP2, MSRA, ATP6, CYTB, MTNR1B, MIR642B
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Ring Chromosome 21
Gard
Some people have signs and symptoms similar to those that occur in people with Down syndrome. Ring chromosome 21 may be inherited from a parent (typically the mother), or it may occur sporadically (by chance) during the formation of egg or sperm cells or shortly after the egg and sperm join together.
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Misophonia
Gard
Others think it is a feature of a broader syndrome of sensory intolerance, rather than a separate disorder.
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Mental Retardation With Optic Atrophy, Facial Dysmorphism, Microcephaly, And Short Stature
Omim
Megarbane (2003) suggested that the disorder may represent a newly recognized autosomal recessive MCA/MR syndrome. INHERITANCE - Isolated cases GROWTH Other - Short stature HEAD & NECK Head - Microcephaly Face - Long face - Smooth philtrum Ears - Absent ear lobes Eyes - Hypertelorism - Optic atrophy - Ptosis Nose - Broad nasal tip Mouth - Thin upper lip NEUROLOGIC Central Nervous System - Psychomotor delay (evident at 3 months) - Mental retardation, severe - Abnormal EEG (abnormal slowing of background activity) - Wide-based gait - Seizures ▲ Close
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Deafness, Autosomal Recessive 96
Omim
Sequencing of the ESPN gene (606351) and 2 genes that cause Bartter syndrome, CLCNKA (602024) and CLCNKB (602023), did not identify pathogenic variants.
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Zonular Cataract And Nystagmus
Wikipedia
Zonular cataract and nystagmus Other names Early-onset non-syndromic cataract Specialty Medical genetics Zonular cataract and nystagmus , also referred as Nystagmus with congenital zonular cataract is a rare [1] congenital disease associated with Nystagmus and zonular cataract of the eye .
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Glutamyl Ribose-5-Phosphate Storage Disease
Omim
He had had hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, optic atrophy, hyporeflexia, and severe retardation when he died in renal failure at 7 years of age.
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Diverticulosis, Small-Intestinal
Omim
McKusick (1988) reported a 44-year-old patient with well-confirmed type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (130050) who had numerous small intestinal diverticula as well as probable bladder diverticula.
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Dermal Ridges-Off-The-End
Omim
Bilateral radial loops on the ring and little fingers (exceedingly rare in persons without this syndrome) are usual. Palmar features include a tendency for interdigital patterns on the palm to be in the IVth space and to extend more proximally than normal, and the presence of a peculiar crack in the ridges of the hypothenar eminence, extending from the hypothenar pattern to the ulnar border of the palm (David et al., 1973).