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Endometrosis
Wikipedia
Endometrosis is a chronic degenerative syndrome of the lining of the uterus (the endometrium ) in mares. [1] The cause is unknown, but the severity of endometrosis increases in parallel with the age and number of pregnancies of the mare. [2] Endometrosis is confirmed by histological examination of an endometrial biopsy , which shows degeneration of blood vessels in the endometrium, and fibrosis of the tissue, along with the development of endometrial cysts. [2] These changes cause subfertility ; [1] in pregnant mares, the changes in the endometrium can cause the placenta to fail, leading to miscarriage of the foal. [2] Foals which are delivered at full term may be underdeveloped (dysmature). [3] No effective treatment is known. [3] The etymology of endometrosis is from the Greek endos (inside), metra ( womb ) and -osis ( disease ). [1] This term was adopted in 1992; [4] prior to that, endometrosis was variously known as chronic degenerative endometritis, endometrial fibrosis, or chronic endometrial disease. [4] References [ edit ] ^ a b c Hanada, M; Maeda, Y; Oikawa, MA (2014).
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Jembrana Disease
Wikipedia
"Nucleotide sequence analysis of Jembrana disease virus: a bovine lentivirus associated with an acute disease syndrome" . Journal of General Virology . 76 (7): 1637–50. doi : 10.1099/0022-1317-76-7-1637 .
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Amyotrophy
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : G71.8 ICD - 9-CM : 728.2 MeSH : D009133 DiseasesDB : 29472 v t e Symptoms and conditions relating to muscle Pain Myalgia Fibromyalgia Acute Delayed onset Inflammation Myositis Pyomyositis Destruction Muscle weakness Rhabdomyolysis Muscle atrophy / Amyotrophy Other Myositis ossificans Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva Compartment syndrome Anterior Diastasis of muscle Diastasis recti Muscle spasm This article about a disease of musculoskeletal and connective tissue is a stub .FBXO32, TRIM63, GH1, AKT1, WWTR1, CITED2, TTPA, TNF, SOD1, PRKAR1A, KCNH2, AMPD1, GSK3B, IGF1, CTNNB1, NEDD4, APAF1, CFL1, TOMM20, MTMR4, CHUK, COL1A2, TGIF1, TFRC, CRHR2, SGCA, RPS6KB1, RELB, SERPINE1, TIMM23, DMD, ENDOG, MTOR, CTSL, IKBKB, DAG1, HSP90AB1, HSF1, NR3C1, GHR, MSTN, AR, CBLB, NAIP, MYOT, FOXO1, SMN1, MUSK, FHL1
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Hypoalphalipoproteinemia
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : E78.6 ICD - 9-CM : 272.5 OMIM : 604091 MeSH : D052456 External resources eMedicine : med/3368 v t e Inborn error of lipid metabolism : dyslipidemia Hyperlipidemia Hypercholesterolemia / Hypertriglyceridemia Lipoprotein lipase deficiency/Type Ia Familial apoprotein CII deficiency/Type Ib Familial hypercholesterolemia/Type IIa Combined hyperlipidemia/Type IIb Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia/Type III Familial hypertriglyceridemia/Type IV Xanthoma/Xanthomatosis Hypolipoproteinemia Hypoalphalipoproteinemia/HDL Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency Tangier disease Hypobetalipoproteinemia/LDL Abetalipoproteinemia Apolipoprotein B deficiency Chylomicron retention disease Lipodystrophy Barraquer–Simons syndrome Other Lipomatosis Adiposis dolorosa Lipoid proteinosis APOA1 familial renal amyloidosis This genetic disorder article is a stub .
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Histiocytoma
Wikipedia
Types include: myxofibrosarcoma benign fibrous histiocytoma malignant fibrous histiocytoma histiocytoma (dog) References [ edit ] ^ " histiocytoma " at Dorland's Medical Dictionary External links [ edit ] Classification D MeSH : D051642 v t e Connective / soft tissue tumors and sarcomas Not otherwise specified Soft-tissue sarcoma Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor Connective tissue neoplasm Fibromatous Fibroma / fibrosarcoma : Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans Desmoplastic fibroma Fibroma / fibromatosis : Aggressive infantile fibromatosis Aponeurotic fibroma Collagenous fibroma Diffuse infantile fibromatosis Familial myxovascular fibromas Fibroma of tendon sheath Fibromatosis colli Infantile digital fibromatosis Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis Plantar fibromatosis Pleomorphic fibroma Oral submucous fibrosis Histiocytoma / histiocytic sarcoma : Benign fibrous histiocytoma Malignant fibrous histiocytoma Atypical fibroxanthoma Solitary fibrous tumor Myxomatous Myxoma / myxosarcoma Cutaneous myxoma Superficial acral fibromyxoma Angiomyxoma Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour Fibroepithelial Brenner tumour Fibroadenoma Phyllodes tumor Synovial -like Synovial sarcoma Clear-cell sarcoma Lipomatous Lipoma / liposarcoma Myelolipoma Myxoid liposarcoma PEComa Angiomyolipoma Chondroid lipoma Intradermal spindle cell lipoma Pleomorphic lipoma Lipoblastomatosis Spindle cell lipoma Hibernoma Myomatous general: Myoma / myosarcoma smooth muscle : Leiomyoma / leiomyosarcoma skeletal muscle : Rhabdomyoma / rhabdomyosarcoma : Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Sarcoma botryoides Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma Leiomyoma Angioleiomyoma Angiolipoleiomyoma Genital leiomyoma Leiomyosarcoma Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis syndrome Multiple cutaneous leiomyoma Neural fibrolipoma Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma STUMP Complex mixed and stromal Adenomyoma Pleomorphic adenoma Mixed Müllerian tumor Mesoblastic nephroma Wilms' tumor Malignant rhabdoid tumour Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney Hepatoblastoma Pancreatoblastoma Carcinosarcoma Mesothelial Mesothelioma Adenomatoid tumor This Dermal and subcutaneous growths article is a stub .
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Pleomorphic Fibroma
Wikipedia
ISBN 1-4160-2999-0 . v t e Connective / soft tissue tumors and sarcomas Not otherwise specified Soft-tissue sarcoma Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor Connective tissue neoplasm Fibromatous Fibroma / fibrosarcoma : Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans Desmoplastic fibroma Fibroma / fibromatosis : Aggressive infantile fibromatosis Aponeurotic fibroma Collagenous fibroma Diffuse infantile fibromatosis Familial myxovascular fibromas Fibroma of tendon sheath Fibromatosis colli Infantile digital fibromatosis Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis Plantar fibromatosis Pleomorphic fibroma Oral submucous fibrosis Histiocytoma / histiocytic sarcoma : Benign fibrous histiocytoma Malignant fibrous histiocytoma Atypical fibroxanthoma Solitary fibrous tumor Myxomatous Myxoma / myxosarcoma Cutaneous myxoma Superficial acral fibromyxoma Angiomyxoma Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour Fibroepithelial Brenner tumour Fibroadenoma Phyllodes tumor Synovial -like Synovial sarcoma Clear-cell sarcoma Lipomatous Lipoma / liposarcoma Myelolipoma Myxoid liposarcoma PEComa Angiomyolipoma Chondroid lipoma Intradermal spindle cell lipoma Pleomorphic lipoma Lipoblastomatosis Spindle cell lipoma Hibernoma Myomatous general: Myoma / myosarcoma smooth muscle : Leiomyoma / leiomyosarcoma skeletal muscle : Rhabdomyoma / rhabdomyosarcoma : Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Sarcoma botryoides Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma Leiomyoma Angioleiomyoma Angiolipoleiomyoma Genital leiomyoma Leiomyosarcoma Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis syndrome Multiple cutaneous leiomyoma Neural fibrolipoma Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma STUMP Complex mixed and stromal Adenomyoma Pleomorphic adenoma Mixed Müllerian tumor Mesoblastic nephroma Wilms' tumor Malignant rhabdoid tumour Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney Hepatoblastoma Pancreatoblastoma Carcinosarcoma Mesothelial Mesothelioma Adenomatoid tumor This dermatology article is a stub .
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Heberden's Node
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : M15.1 ICD - 9-CM : 715.04 OMIM : 140600 DiseasesDB : 29319 Diagram of Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes at WebMD v t e Diseases of joints General Arthritis Monoarthritis Oligoarthritis Polyarthritis Symptoms Joint pain Joint stiffness Inflammatory Infectious Septic arthritis Tuberculosis arthritis Crystal Chondrocalcinosis CPPD (Psudogout) Gout Seronegative Reactive arthritis Psoriatic arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Other Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Felty's syndrome Palindromic rheumatism Adult-onset Still's disease Noninflammatory Hemarthrosis Osteoarthritis Heberden's node Bouchard's nodes Osteophyte
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Kcnq2-Related Disorders
Gene_reviews
It is lower (5%) if individuals with later-onset infantile seizures (West syndrome) are also included (12/239 [Kato et al 2013]). 5. ... KCNQ2-NEE is a very recently described syndrome. Therefore, at present, it is difficult to determine overall prevalence or ethnicity-dependent variability. ... The EEG in individuals with Ohtahara syndrome typically shows bursts of high-amplitude spikes and polyspikes that alternate at a regular rate with periods of electric suppression (suppression-burst EEG pattern). ... Since its description, several individuals diagnosed with Ohtahara syndrome have been found to carry pathogenic variants in KCNQ2 (EIEE7). Mosaic chromosome 20 ring [r(20)] is a chromosomal disorder that has been associated with a rare syndrome, consisting of refractory epilepsy with non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) and cognitive problems [Inoue et al 1997].
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C3 Glomerulopathy
Gene_reviews
Individuals with C3G typically present with hematuria, proteinuria, hematuria and proteinuria, acute nephritic syndrome or nephrotic syndrome, and low levels of the complement component C3. ... Suggestive Findings C3G should be suspected in individuals of all ages who present with one of the following: Hematuria Proteinuria Hematuria and proteinuria Acute nephritic syndrome Nephrotic syndrome Persistent hypocomplementemia (low serum levels of complement component C3) Establishing the Diagnosis The diagnosis of C3G is established in a proband with typical findings on renal biopsy . ... Individuals with C3G typically present with one of the following findings: Hematuria Proteinuria Hematuria and proteinuria Acute nephritic syndrome Nephrotic syndrome Hypocomplementemia. ... Disorders to Consider in the Differential Diagnosis of C3G View in own window Disorder Gene(s) MOI Clinical Features of This Disorder Overlapping w/C3G Distinguishing from C3G Post-infectious glomerulonephritis 1 NA Acquired Hematuria, proteinuria, nephritic syndrome, edema, ↓ serum C3, C3 glomerular deposition, subepithelial hump-like deposits Post-infection (throat or skin) often due to Group A hemolytic streptococcus bacterium; ↓ levels of C3 resolve w/in 3 mos; glomerular codeposition of C3 & IgG Immune-complex MPGN 2 NA Acquired Hematuria, proteinuria, C3 deposits, subendothelial & subepithelial deposits, progressive disease Immune complex-mediated, often low complement C4 levels; codeposition of C3 & IgG/IgM/C1q/C4 on IF Juvenile acute non-proliferative glomerulonephritis 3 NA Acquired Mesangial cell proliferation, subepithelial deposits on EM C3 levels typically remaining in lower limits of normal Familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency 4 LCAT AR ESRD, glomerular pattern of IF similar to dense deposit disease Abnormal lipoprotein (lipoprotein X); corneal opacities; normochromic anemia; capillary endothelial damage; cross-striated & vacuole structures Partial lipodystrophy 5 Several genes AD/AR Loss of subcutaneous fat in upper half of the body No renal disease; no dysregulation of complement alternative pathway Age-related macular degeneration 6 Many genes AD Drusen Absence of renal disease Malattia Leventinese & Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy 7 EFEMP1 AD Drusen Absence of renal disease AD = autosomal dominant; AR = autosomal recessive; EM = electron microscopy; IF = immunofluorescence; MOI = mode of inheritance; MPGN = membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 1.
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Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas
Gene_reviews
Bilateral inferior cervical osteochondromas have been found to produce neurogenic and vascular thoracic outlet syndrome [Abdolrazaghi et al 2018]. Syringomyelia and tethered cord/fibrolipoma in individuals undergoing screening spine exams without evidence of spinal osteochondromas have also been described [Legare et al 2016]. ... Inherited Conditions with Multiple Osteochondromas in the Differential Diagnosis of Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas View in own window Gene / Genetic Mechanism Disorder MOI Distinguishing Features of Differential Diagnosis Disorder Contiguous deletion syndrome involving ALX4 , EXT2 , & PHF21A 1 Potocki-Shaffer syndrome (proximal 11p deletion syndrome) (OMIM 601224 ) AD Parietal foramina & ossification defects of the skull (See Enlarged Parietal Foramina.) Craniofacial abnormalities, syndactyly, & ID in some affected persons Contiguous deletion syndrome involving EXT1 , RAD21 , & TRPS1 Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome II (Langer-Giedion syndrome) AD ID Characteristic craniofacial & digital anomalies PTPN11 Metachondromatosis (OMIM 156250 ) AD Assoc w/both osteochondromas & intraosseous enchondromas Tumors occur predominantly in digits, point toward nearby joint, & do not cause shortening or bowing of long bone, joint deformity, or subluxation.
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Apc-Associated Polyposis Conditions
Gene_reviews
Gardner syndrome was once thought to be a distinct clinical entity; however, it is now known that pathogenic variants in APC give rise to both FAP and Gardner syndrome. ... Historically, Turcot syndrome was used to describe individuals with either FAP or Lynch syndrome (see Differential Diagnosis) who also had CNS tumors. The molecular basis of Turcot syndrome is either an APC pathogenic variant associated with FAP or a pathogenic variant in one of the genes associated with Lynch syndrome [Hamilton et al 1995]. ... Thus, Turcot syndrome is a historical term of little clinical utility. ... Molecular genetic testing of STK11 reveals pathogenic variants in most individuals. PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). Cowden syndrome (CS), the most common presentation of PHTS, is associated with multiple colorectal polyps, although unlike in APC -associated polyposis conditions, hamartomatous polyps, juvenile polyps, lipomas, and ganglioneuromas predominate; an increased risk of colon cancer is found in Cowden syndrome; however, breast, thyroid, and endometrial cancer are more common.
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Hemolytic Disease Of The Newborn
Wikipedia
Untreated profound anemia can cause high-output heart failure , with pallor , enlarged liver and/or spleen , generalized swelling , and respiratory distress . [ citation needed ] HDN can be the cause of hydrops fetalis , an often-severe form of prenatal heart failure that causes fetal edema . [3] Complications [ edit ] Complications of HDN could include kernicterus , hepatosplenomegaly , inspissated (thickened or dried) bile syndrome and/or greenish staining of the teeth , hemolytic anemia and damage to the liver due to excess bilirubin. ... Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions due to immune hemolysis may occur in patients who have no antibodies detectable by routine laboratory procedures." [43] For a summary of transfusion reactions in the US, see reference. [44] Epidemiology [ edit ] In 2003, the incidence of Rh(D) sensitization in the United States was 6.8 per 1000 live births; 0.27% of women with an Rh incompatible fetus experience alloimmunization. [3] Other animals [ edit ] Main article: Neonatal isoerythrolysis Hemolytic disease of the newborn is most commonly seen in kittens (where it is known as "fading kitten syndrome") and foals. It has also been reported in puppies . [ citation needed ] See also [ edit ] Exchange transfusion Rh disease Alloimmunization Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell) Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Rhc) Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-RhE) Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO) Neonatal red cell transfusion References [ edit ] ^ " erythroblastosis fetalis " at Dorland's Medical Dictionary ^ Fan J, Lee BK, Wikman AT, Johansson S, Reilly M (August 2014). ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : P55 ICD - 9-CM : 773 MeSH : D004899 DiseasesDB : 5545 External resources MedlinePlus : 001298 eMedicine : ped/959 Patient UK : Hemolytic disease of the newborn v t e Conditions originating in the perinatal period / fetal disease Maternal factors complicating pregnancy, labour or delivery placenta Placenta praevia Placental insufficiency Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome chorion / amnion Chorioamnionitis umbilical cord Umbilical cord prolapse Nuchal cord Single umbilical artery presentation Breech birth Asynclitism Shoulder presentation Growth Small for gestational age / Large for gestational age Preterm birth / Postterm pregnancy Intrauterine growth restriction Birth trauma scalp Cephalohematoma Chignon Caput succedaneum Subgaleal hemorrhage Brachial plexus injury Erb's palsy Klumpke paralysis Affected systems Respiratory Intrauterine hypoxia Infant respiratory distress syndrome Transient tachypnea of the newborn Meconium aspiration syndrome Pleural disease Pneumothorax Pneumomediastinum Wilson–Mikity syndrome Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Cardiovascular Pneumopericardium Persistent fetal circulation Bleeding and hematologic disease Vitamin K deficiency bleeding HDN ABO Anti-Kell Rh c Rh D Rh E Hydrops fetalis Hyperbilirubinemia Kernicterus Neonatal jaundice Velamentous cord insertion Intraventricular hemorrhage Germinal matrix hemorrhage Anemia of prematurity Gastrointestinal Ileus Necrotizing enterocolitis Meconium peritonitis Integument and thermoregulation Erythema toxicum Sclerema neonatorum Nervous system Perinatal asphyxia Periventricular leukomalacia Musculoskeletal Gray baby syndrome muscle tone Congenital hypertonia Congenital hypotonia Infections Vertically transmitted infection Neonatal infection rubella herpes simplex mycoplasma hominis ureaplasma urealyticum Omphalitis Neonatal sepsis Group B streptococcal infection Neonatal conjunctivitis Other Miscarriage Perinatal mortality Stillbirth Infant mortality Neonatal withdrawal v t e Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases Type I / allergy / atopy ( IgE ) Foreign Atopic eczema Allergic urticaria Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever) Allergic asthma Anaphylaxis Food allergy common allergies include: Milk Egg Peanut Tree nut Seafood Soy Wheat Penicillin allergy Autoimmune Eosinophilic esophagitis Type II / ADCC IgM IgG Foreign Hemolytic disease of the newborn Autoimmune Cytotoxic Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris Rheumatic fever Goodpasture syndrome Guillain–Barré syndrome " Type V "/ receptor Graves' disease Myasthenia gravis Pernicious anemia Type III ( Immune complex ) Foreign Henoch–Schönlein purpura Hypersensitivity vasculitis Reactive arthritis Farmer's lung Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Serum sickness Arthus reaction Autoimmune Systemic lupus erythematosus Subacute bacterial endocarditis Rheumatoid arthritis Type IV / cell-mediated ( T cells ) Foreign Allergic contact dermatitis Mantoux test Autoimmune Diabetes mellitus type 1 Hashimoto's thyroiditis Multiple sclerosis Coeliac disease Giant-cell arteritis Postorgasmic illness syndrome Reactive arthritis GVHD Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease Unknown/ multiple Foreign Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Transplant rejection Latex allergy (I+IV) Autoimmune Sjögren syndrome Autoimmune hepatitis Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome APS1 APS2 Autoimmune adrenalitis Systemic autoimmune disease
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Trachoma
Wikipedia
Dugger (31 March 2006), "Preventable Disease Blinds Poor in Third World" , The New York Times Photographs of trachoma patients Trachoma Atlas International Trachoma Initiative Classification D ICD - 10 : A71 ICD - 9-CM : 076 MeSH : D014141 DiseasesDB : 29100 External resources MedlinePlus : 001486 eMedicine : oph/118 Patient UK : Trachoma v t e Diseases of poverty Diseases of poverty AIDS Malaria Tuberculosis Measles Pneumonia Diarrheal diseases Plague Neglected diseases Cholera Chagas disease African sleeping sickness Schistosomiasis Dracunculiasis River blindness Leishmaniasis Trachoma Miscellaneous Malnutrition Priority review voucher v t e Bacterial diseases due to gram negative non- proteobacteria ( BV4 ) Spirochaete Spirochaetaceae Treponema Treponema pallidum Syphilis / bejel Yaws Treponema carateum ( Pinta ) Treponema denticola Borrelia Borrelia burgdorferi / Borrelia afzelii Lyme disease Erythema migrans Neuroborreliosis Borrelia recurrentis ( Louse borne relapsing fever ) Borrelia hermsii / Borrelia duttoni / Borrelia parkeri ( Tick borne relapsing fever ) Leptospiraceae Leptospira Leptospira interrogans ( Leptospirosis ) Chlamydiaceae Chlamydia Chlamydia psittaci ( Psittacosis ) Chlamydia pneumoniae Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydia Lymphogranuloma venereum Trachoma Bacteroidetes Bacteroides fragilis Tannerella forsythia Capnocytophaga canimorsus Porphyromonas gingivalis Prevotella intermedia Fusobacteria Fusobacterium necrophorum ( Lemierre's syndrome ) Fusobacterium nucleatum Fusobacterium polymorphum Streptobacillus moniliformis ( Rat-bite fever / Haverhill fever ) v t e Diseases of the human eye Adnexa Eyelid Inflammation Stye Chalazion Blepharitis Entropion Ectropion Lagophthalmos Blepharochalasis Ptosis Blepharophimosis Xanthelasma Ankyloblepharon Eyelash Trichiasis Madarosis Lacrimal apparatus Dacryoadenitis Epiphora Dacryocystitis Xerophthalmia Orbit Exophthalmos Enophthalmos Orbital cellulitis Orbital lymphoma Periorbital cellulitis Conjunctiva Conjunctivitis allergic Pterygium Pseudopterygium Pinguecula Subconjunctival hemorrhage Globe Fibrous tunic Sclera Scleritis Episcleritis Cornea Keratitis herpetic acanthamoebic fungal Exposure Photokeratitis Corneal ulcer Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy Corneal dystrophy Fuchs' Meesmann Corneal ectasia Keratoconus Pellucid marginal degeneration Keratoglobus Terrien's marginal degeneration Post-LASIK ectasia Keratoconjunctivitis sicca Corneal opacity Corneal neovascularization Kayser–Fleischer ring Haab's striae Arcus senilis Band keratopathy Vascular tunic Iris Ciliary body Uveitis Intermediate uveitis Hyphema Rubeosis iridis Persistent pupillary membrane Iridodialysis Synechia Choroid Choroideremia Choroiditis Chorioretinitis Lens Cataract Congenital cataract Childhood cataract Aphakia Ectopia lentis Retina Retinitis Chorioretinitis Cytomegalovirus retinitis Retinal detachment Retinoschisis Ocular ischemic syndrome / Central retinal vein occlusion Central retinal artery occlusion Branch retinal artery occlusion Retinopathy diabetic hypertensive Purtscher's of prematurity Bietti's crystalline dystrophy Coats' disease Sickle cell Macular degeneration Retinitis pigmentosa Retinal haemorrhage Central serous retinopathy Macular edema Epiretinal membrane (Macular pucker) Vitelliform macular dystrophy Leber's congenital amaurosis Birdshot chorioretinopathy Other Glaucoma / Ocular hypertension / Primary juvenile glaucoma Floater Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy Red eye Globe rupture Keratomycosis Phthisis bulbi Persistent fetal vasculature / Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic anterior (AION) posterior (PION) Kjer's Leber's hereditary Toxic and nutritional Strabismus Extraocular muscles Binocular vision Accommodation Paralytic strabismus Ophthalmoparesis Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia Kearns–Sayre syndrome palsies Oculomotor (III) Fourth-nerve (IV) Sixth-nerve (VI) Other strabismus Esotropia / Exotropia Hypertropia Heterophoria Esophoria Exophoria Cyclotropia Brown's syndrome Duane syndrome Other binocular Conjugate gaze palsy Convergence insufficiency Internuclear ophthalmoplegia One and a half syndrome Refraction Refractive error Hyperopia Myopia Astigmatism Anisometropia / Aniseikonia Presbyopia Vision disorders Blindness Amblyopia Leber's congenital amaurosis Diplopia Scotoma Color blindness Achromatopsia Dichromacy Monochromacy Nyctalopia Oguchi disease Blindness / Vision loss / Visual impairment Anopsia Hemianopsia binasal bitemporal homonymous Quadrantanopia subjective Asthenopia Hemeralopia Photophobia Scintillating scotoma Pupil Anisocoria Argyll Robertson pupil Marcus Gunn pupil Adie syndrome Miosis Mydriasis Cycloplegia Parinaud's syndrome Other Nystagmus Childhood blindness Infections Trachoma Onchocerciasis v t e Eradication of infectious diseases Eradication of human diseases Successful Smallpox / Alastrim ( Eradication of smallpox ) Underway (global) Dracunculiasis ( Eradication of dracunculiasis ) Poliomyelitis ( Eradication of poliomyelitis ) Malaria ( Eradication of malaria ) Yaws ( Eradication of yaws ) Underway (regional) Hookworm Lymphatic filariasis Measles vaccine epidemiology Rubella Trachoma Onchocerciasis Syphilis Rabies Eradication of agricultural diseases Successful Rinderpest ( Eradication of rinderpest ) Underway Ovine rinderpest Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Eradication programs Global Global Polio Eradication Initiative Global Certification Commission Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance Regional United States Boll Weevil Eradication Program National Malaria Eradication Program India India National PolioPlus Pulse Polio Poliomyelitis in Pakistan Every Last Child The Final Inch Related topics Globalization and disease Mathematical modelling of disease Pandemic Transmission horizontal vertical Vaccination Zoonosis Authority control NARA : 10663641 NDL : 00573287
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Complications Of Pregnancy
Wikipedia
It affects 5–8% of pregnancies. [11] Eclampsia – seizures in a pre-eclamptic patient, affect around 1.4% of pregnancies. [12] Gestational hypertension HELLP syndrome – Hemolytic anemia , elevated liver enzymes and a low platelet count . ... Placenta praevia [ edit ] Placenta praevia is when the placenta fully or partially covers the cervix. [7] Placenta accreta [ edit ] Placenta accreta is an abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall. [28] Multiple pregnancies [ edit ] Main article: Multiple birth Multiples may become monochorionic , sharing the same chorion , with resultant risk of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome . Monochorionic multiples may even become monoamniotic , sharing the same amniotic sac , resulting in risk of umbilical cord compression and entanglement . ... Some common environmental risk factors include: Exposure to environmental toxins in pregnancy Exposure to recreational drugs in pregnancy Ethanol during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder . ... PMID 23746796 . ^ Haram K, Svendsen E, Abildgaard U (February 2009). "The HELLP syndrome: clinical issues and management. ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : O00 - O48 ICD - 9-CM : 630 - 648 MeSH : D011248 v t e Pathology of pregnancy , childbirth and the puerperium Pregnancy Pregnancy with abortive outcome Abortion Ectopic pregnancy Abdominal Cervical Interstitial Ovarian Heterotopic Embryo loss Fetal resorption Molar pregnancy Miscarriage Stillbirth Oedema , proteinuria and hypertensive disorders Gestational hypertension Pre-eclampsia HELLP syndrome Eclampsia Other, predominantly related to pregnancy Digestive system Acute fatty liver of pregnancy Gestational diabetes Hepatitis E Hyperemesis gravidarum Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Integumentary system / dermatoses of pregnancy Gestational pemphigoid Impetigo herpetiformis Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Linea nigra Prurigo gestationis Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) Striae gravidarum Nervous system Chorea gravidarum Blood Gestational thrombocytopenia Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability Maternal care related to the fetus and amniotic cavity amniotic fluid Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios Braxton Hicks contractions chorion / amnion Amniotic band syndrome Chorioamnionitis Chorionic hematoma Monoamniotic twins Premature rupture of membranes Obstetrical bleeding Antepartum placenta Circumvallate placenta Monochorionic twins Placenta accreta Placenta praevia Placental abruption Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome Labor Amniotic fluid embolism Cephalopelvic disproportion Dystocia Shoulder dystocia Fetal distress Locked twins Nuchal cord Obstetrical bleeding Postpartum Pain management during childbirth placenta Placenta accreta Preterm birth Postmature birth Umbilical cord prolapse Uterine inversion Uterine rupture Vasa praevia Puerperal Breastfeeding difficulties Low milk supply Cracked nipples Breast engorgement Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder Diastasis symphysis pubis Postpartum bleeding Peripartum cardiomyopathy Postpartum depression Postpartum psychosis Postpartum thyroiditis Puerperal fever Puerperal mastitis Other Concomitant conditions Diabetes mellitus Systemic lupus erythematosus Thyroid disorders Maternal death Sexual activity during pregnancy Category
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Food Intolerance
Wikipedia
PMID 17490952 . ^ a b Böttcher I, Klimek L (August 2008). "[Histamine intolerance syndrome. Its significance for ENT medicine]". ... "Coeliac disease: a diverse clinical syndrome caused by intolerance of wheat, barley and rye" . ... "Food elimination based on IgG antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome: A randomised controlled trial" . ... "Perceived food intolerance in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome-- etiology, prevalence and consequences" . ... "The Overlap between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Clinical Dilemma" .
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Cluster Headache
Wikipedia
CPH typically responds "absolutely" to treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin [18] where in most cases CH typically shows no positive indomethacin response, making "Indomethacin response" an important diagnostic tool for specialist practitioners seeking correct differential diagnosis between the conditions. [42] [43] Hemicrania continua [44] Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) is a headache syndrome belonging to the group of TACs. [18] [45] Trigeminal neuralgia is a unilateral headache syndrome, [39] or "cluster-like" headache. [46] Prevention [ edit ] Preventive treatments are used to reduce or eliminate cluster headache attacks; they are generally used in combination with abortive and transitional techniques. [7] Verapamil [ edit ] The recommended first-line preventive therapy is verapamil , a calcium channel blocker . [2] [47] Verapamil was previously underused in people with cluster headache. [7] Improvement can be seen in an average of 1.7 weeks for episodic CH and 5 weeks for chronic CH when using a dosage of ranged between 160 and 720 mg (mean 240 mg/day). [48] Preventive therapy with verapamil is believed to work because it has an effect on the circadian rhythm and on CGRPs. ... Most of them were willing to submit to any operation which might bring relief." [68] CH has alternately been called erythroprosopalgia of Bing, ciliary neuralgia, erythromelalgia of the head, Horton's headache, histaminic cephalalgia, petrosal neuralgia, sphenopalatine neuralgia, vidian neuralgia, Sluder's neuralgia, Sluder's syndrome, and hemicrania angioparalyticia. [69] Society and culture [ edit ] Robert Shapiro, a professor of neurology, says that while cluster headaches are about as common as multiple sclerosis with a similar disability level, as of 2013, the US National Institutes of Health had spent $1.872 billion on research into multiple sclerosis in one decade, but less than $2 million on CH research in 25 years. [70] As of July 2015 [update] there are no approved medicines for the prevention of cluster headache in the United States. [71] Research directions [ edit ] Some case reports suggest that ingesting tryptamines such as LSD , psilocybin (as found in hallucinogenic mushrooms), or DMT can reduce pain and interrupt cluster headache cycles. [72] [73] A 2006 survey of 53 individuals found people said that psilocybin extended remission periods in 18 of 19. ... "Indomethacin responsive headache syndromes: Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania and Hemicrania continua. ... PMID 17940171 . ^ Horton BT, MacLean AR, Craig WM (1939). "A new syndrome of vascular headache: results of treatment with histamine: preliminary report". ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : G44.0 ICD - 9-CM : 339.00 , 339.01 , 339.02 , MeSH : D003027 DiseasesDB : 2850 External resources MedlinePlus : 000786 eMedicine : EMERG/229 article/1142459 Patient UK : Cluster headache v t e Diseases of the nervous system , primarily CNS Inflammation Brain Encephalitis Viral encephalitis Herpesviral encephalitis Limbic encephalitis Encephalitis lethargica Cavernous sinus thrombosis Brain abscess Amoebic Brain and spinal cord Encephalomyelitis Acute disseminated Meningitis Meningoencephalitis Brain / encephalopathy Degenerative Extrapyramidal and movement disorders Basal ganglia disease Parkinsonism PD Postencephalitic NMS PKAN Tauopathy PSP Striatonigral degeneration Hemiballismus HD OA Dyskinesia Dystonia Status dystonicus Spasmodic torticollis Meige's Blepharospasm Athetosis Chorea Choreoathetosis Myoclonus Myoclonic epilepsy Akathisia Tremor Essential tremor Intention tremor Restless legs Stiff-person Dementia Tauopathy Alzheimer's Early-onset Primary progressive aphasia Frontotemporal dementia / Frontotemporal lobar degeneration Pick's Dementia with Lewy bodies Posterior cortical atrophy Vascular dementia Mitochondrial disease Leigh syndrome Demyelinating Autoimmune Inflammatory Multiple sclerosis For more detailed coverage, see Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS Episodic/ paroxysmal Seizures and epilepsy Focal Generalised Status epilepticus For more detailed coverage, see Template:Epilepsy Headache Migraine Cluster Tension For more detailed coverage, see Template:Headache Cerebrovascular TIA Stroke For more detailed coverage, see Template:Cerebrovascular diseases Other Sleep disorders For more detailed coverage, see Template:Sleep CSF Intracranial hypertension Hydrocephalus Normal pressure hydrocephalus Choroid plexus papilloma Idiopathic intracranial hypertension Cerebral edema Intracranial hypotension Other Brain herniation Reye syndrome Hepatic encephalopathy Toxic encephalopathy Hashimoto's encephalopathy Both/either Degenerative SA Friedreich's ataxia Ataxia–telangiectasia MND UMN only: Primary lateral sclerosis Pseudobulbar palsy Hereditary spastic paraplegia LMN only: Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies Spinal muscular atrophies SMA SMAX1 SMAX2 DSMA1 Congenital DSMA Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED) SMALED1 SMALED2A SMALED2B SMA-PCH SMA-PME Progressive muscular atrophy Progressive bulbar palsy Fazio–Londe Infantile progressive bulbar palsy both: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis v t e Headache Primary ICHD 1 Migraine Familial hemiplegic Retinal migraine ICHD 2 Tension Mixed tension migraine ICHD 3 Cluster Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania SUNCT ICHD 4 Hemicrania continua Thunderclap headache Sexual headache New daily persistent headache Hypnic headache Secondary ICHD 5 Migralepsy ICHD 7 Ictal headache Post-dural-puncture headache ICHD 8 Hangover Medication overuse headache ICHD 13 Trigeminal neuralgia Occipital neuralgia External compression headache Cold-stimulus headache Optic neuritis Postherpetic neuralgia Tolosa–Hunt syndrome Other Vascular
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Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Wikipedia
A recent review of lumbar stenosis in the Journal of the American Medical Association ' s "Rational Clinical Examination Series" [2] emphasized that the syndrome can be considered when lower extremity pain occurs in combination with back pain. ... The study supports that LSS incidence increases incrementally in the following age groups, 1.7–2.2% in 40–49 years old population, and 10.3%–11.2% in 70–79 years old population. [39] It is estimated that around 200,000 adults are afflicted with LSS in the United States and that by the year 2025, this number will rise to 64 million elderly. [34] The syndrome occurs in 12% of older community-dwelling men [40] and up to 21% of those in retirement communities. [37] Spinal stenosis generally affects more men than women. ... "Does this older adult with lower extremity pain have the clinical syndrome of lumbar spinal stenosis?" . JAMA . 304 (23): 2628–36. doi : 10.1001/jama.2010.1833 . ... PMID 13680315 . ^ Dyck P, Doyle JB (May 1977). " " Bicycle test" of van Gelderen in diagnosis of intermittent cauda equina compression syndrome. Case report" . Journal of Neurosurgery . 46 (5): 667–70. doi : 10.3171/jns.1977.46.5.0667 . ... S2CID 144648117 . ^ Verbiest H (May 1954). "A radicular syndrome from developmental narrowing of the lumbar vertebral canal" .
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Inborn Errors Of Carbohydrate Metabolism
Wikipedia
Infantile form : Rare. Often floppy infant syndrome (hypotonia), arthrogryposis, encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy and respiratory issues. ... Exercise test : Normal lactate and ammonia rise. [7] NLM/GHR: G6PC OMIM: G6PC NLM/GHR: SLC37A4 OMIM: SLC37A4 NLM/GHR: GSD 1 ORPHA: GSD 1 OMIM: GSD 1a GARD: GSD 1a ORPHA: GSD 1a OMIM: GSD 1b GARD: GSD 1b ORPHA: GSD 1b OMIM: GSD 1c/1d Gluconeogenesis step 10 (final step): Conversion of G-1-P to glucose – Glucose 6-phosphatase G6PC3 : WBCs, heart, others Severe congenital neutropenia type 4 (SCN4, congenital agranulocytosis, congenital neutropenia, Kostmann's disease, severe congenital neutropenia-pulmonary hypertension-superficial venous angiectasis) Dursun syndrome (DURSS, pulmonary arterial hypertension-leukopenia-atrial septal defect syndrome) SCN4 : A disorder of hematopoiesis. ... In some heart and genital abnormalities, cancerous conditions of the blood, seizures, developmental delay. Dursun syndrome : Pulmonary arterial hypertension, cardiac abnormalities (including secundum-type atrial septal defect), intermittent neutropenia, lymphopenia, monocytosis and anemia. ... Diagnostic tests Treatment References and links Glycogenolysis step: Release of G-1-P – Glycogen phosphorylase PYGL : Liver GSD type VI (GSD 6, Hers disease, hepatic glycogen phosphorylase deficiency, liver phosphorylase deficiency syndrome) Hepatomegaly, failure to thrive, growth retardation. ... PMID 28716914 . ^ GeneReviews: Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency ^ OMIM: GSD 9d ^ OMIM: PRKAG2 External links [ edit ] Media related to Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism at Wikimedia Commons Classification D MeSH : D002239 Classification D ICD - 10 : E73 - E74 ICD - 9-CM : 271 MeSH : D002239 v t e Inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism : monosaccharide metabolism disorders Including glycogen storage diseases (GSD) Sucrose , transport (extracellular) Disaccharide catabolism Congenital alactasia Sucrose intolerance Monosaccharide transport Glucose-galactose malabsorption Inborn errors of renal tubular transport ( Renal glycosuria ) Fructose malabsorption Hexose → glucose Monosaccharide catabolism Fructose : Essential fructosuria Fructose intolerance Galactose / galactosemia : GALK deficiency GALT deficiency / GALE deficiency Glucose ⇄ glycogen Glycogenesis GSD type 0 (glycogen synthase deficiency) GSD type IV (Andersen's disease, branching enzyme deficiency) Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) Glycogenolysis Extralysosomal: GSD type III (Cori's disease, debranching enzyme deficiency) GSD type VI (Hers' disease, liver glycogen phosphorylase deficiency) GSD type V (McArdle's disease, myophosphorylase deficiency) GSD type IX (phosphorylase kinase deficiency) Lysosomal ( LSD ): GSD type II (Pompe's disease, glucosidase deficiency) Glucose ⇄ CAC Glycolysis MODY 2 / HHF3 GSD type VII (Tarui's disease, phosphofructokinase deficiency) Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency Pyruvate kinase deficiency Gluconeogenesis PCD Fructose bisphosphatase deficiency GSD type I (von Gierke's disease, glucose 6-phosphatase deficiency) Pentose phosphate pathway Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Transaldolase deficiency 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase deficiency Other Hyperoxaluria Primary hyperoxaluria Pentosuria Aldolase A deficiency v t e Lysosomal storage diseases : Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism ( Mucopolysaccharidoses ) Catabolism MPS I Hurler Syndrome , Hurler-Scheie Syndrome , Scheie Syndrome MPS II: Hunter Syndrome MPS III: Sanfilippo Syndrome MPS IV: Morquio Syndrome MPS VI: Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome MPS VII: Sly Syndrome MPS IX: Hyaluronidase deficiency v t e Lysosomal storage diseases : Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism ( Glycoproteinoses ) Anabolism Dolichol kinase deficiency Congenital disorder of glycosylation Post-translational modification of lysosomal enzymes Mucolipidosis : I-cell disease (ML II) Pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy (ML III) Catabolism Aspartylglucosaminuria Fucosidosis mannosidosis Alpha-mannosidosis Beta-mannosidosis Sialidosis Schindler disease Other solute carrier family ( Salla disease ) Galactosialidosis
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Vocal Cord Dysfunction
Wikipedia
Certain medications, such as antihistamines for allergies, cause drying of the mucous membranes, which can cause further irritation or hypersensitivity of the vocal cords. [ citation needed ] Potential comorbidities [ edit ] VCD has long been strongly associated with a variety of psychological or psychogenic factors, including conversion disorder , major depression , obsessive-compulsive disorder , anxiety (especially in adolescents), stress (particularly stress relating to competitive sports), physical and sexual abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder , panic attacks , factitious disorder and adjustment disorder . [10] [5] [6] [4] It is important to note that anxiety and depression may occur in certain patients as a result of having VCD, rather than being the cause of it. [10] [5] Psychological factors are important precipitating factors for many patients with VCD; although exercise is also a major trigger for episodes of VCD, some patients experience VCD co-occurring with anxiety regardless of whether or not they are physically active at the time of the VCD/anxiety episode. [4] Experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event related to breathing (such as a near-drowning or life-threatening asthma attack, for example), has also been identified as a risk factor for VCD. [10] VCD has also been associated with certain neurologic diseases including Arnold-Chiari malformation , cerebral aqueduct stenosis , cortical or upper motor neuron injury (such as that resulting from stroke ), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), parkinsonism syndromes and other movement disorders. [10] [4] However, this association occurs only rarely. [4] In addition, it has been associated with Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes , a group of connective tissue disorders. [12] Causes [ edit ] The exact cause of VCD is not known, and it is unlikely that a single underlying cause exists. [5] [6] Several contributing factors have been identified, which vary widely among VCD patients with different medical histories. [10] Physical exercise (including, but not limited to, competitive athletics) is one of the major triggers for VCD episodes, leading to its frequent misdiagnosis as exercise-induced asthma. [10] [5] [6] Other triggers include airborne pollutants and irritants such as smoke, dust, gases, soldering fumes, cleaning chemicals such as ammonia, perfumes, and other odours. [5] [4] Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and rhinosinusitis (inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity ) may also play a role in inflaming the airway and leading to symptoms of VCD as discussed below. [5] [4] Laryngeal hyperresponsiveness is considered the most likely physiologic cause of VCD, brought on by a range of different triggers that cause inflammation and/or irritation of the larynx (voice box). [10] [6] The glottic closure reflex (or laryngeal adductor reflex) serves to protect the airway, and it is possible that this reflex becomes hyperactive in some individuals, resulting in the paradoxical vocal fold closure seen in VCD. [10] [4] Two major causes of laryngeal inflammation and hyperresponsiveness are gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and postnasal drip (associated with rhinosinusitis , allergic or nonallergic rhinitis , or a viral upper respiratory tract infection (URI)). [10] [5] [6] [4] Rhinosinusitis is very common among patients with VCD and for many patients, VCD symptoms are ameliorated when the rhinosinusitis is treated. [5] GERD is also common among VCD patients, but only some experience an improvement in VCD symptoms when GERD is treated. [5] [6] Other causes of laryngeal hyperresponsiveness include inhalation of toxins and irritants, cold and dry air, episodic croup and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). [6] Risk factors [ edit ] The following increase an individual's chances for acquiring VCD: [13] Upper airway inflammation ( allergic or non-allergic rhinitis , chronic sinusitis , recurrent upper respiratory infections ) Gastroesophageal reflux disease Past traumatic event that involved breathing (e.g. near-drowning, suffocation) Severe emotional trauma or distress Female gender Playing a wind instrument Playing a competitive or elite sport Diagnosis [ edit ] The most effective diagnostic strategy is to perform laryngoscopy during an episode, at which time abnormal movement of the cords, if present, can be observed. ... American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology . 10 (2): 111–25. doi : 10.1044/1058-0360(2001/012) . ^ "Talk: Children with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Airway Dysfunction (2011 ACR/ARHP Annual Scientific Meeting)" . acr.confex.com . ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : J38.3 ICD - 9-CM : 478.3 - 478.5 MeSH : D064706 v t e Diseases of the respiratory system Upper RT (including URTIs , common cold ) Head sinuses Sinusitis nose Rhinitis Vasomotor rhinitis Atrophic rhinitis Hay fever Nasal polyp Rhinorrhea nasal septum Nasal septum deviation Nasal septum perforation Nasal septal hematoma tonsil Tonsillitis Adenoid hypertrophy Peritonsillar abscess Neck pharynx Pharyngitis Strep throat Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Retropharyngeal abscess larynx Croup Laryngomalacia Laryngeal cyst Laryngitis Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Laryngospasm vocal cords Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Vocal fold nodule Vocal fold paresis Vocal cord dysfunction epiglottis Epiglottitis trachea Tracheitis Laryngotracheal stenosis Lower RT / lung disease (including LRTIs ) Bronchial / obstructive acute Acute bronchitis chronic COPD Chronic bronchitis Acute exacerbation of COPD ) Asthma ( Status asthmaticus Aspirin-induced Exercise-induced Bronchiectasis Cystic fibrosis unspecified Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis obliterans Diffuse panbronchiolitis Interstitial / restrictive ( fibrosis ) External agents/ occupational lung disease Pneumoconiosis Aluminosis Asbestosis Baritosis Bauxite fibrosis Berylliosis Caplan's syndrome Chalicosis Coalworker's pneumoconiosis Siderosis Silicosis Talcosis Byssinosis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Bagassosis Bird fancier's lung Farmer's lung Lycoperdonosis Other ARDS Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema Pulmonary edema Löffler's syndrome / Eosinophilic pneumonia Respiratory hypersensitivity Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Hamman-Rich syndrome Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Sarcoidosis Vaping-associated pulmonary injury Obstructive / Restrictive Pneumonia / pneumonitis By pathogen Viral Bacterial Pneumococcal Klebsiella Atypical bacterial Mycoplasma Legionnaires' disease Chlamydiae Fungal Pneumocystis Parasitic noninfectious Chemical / Mendelson's syndrome Aspiration / Lipid By vector/route Community-acquired Healthcare-associated Hospital-acquired By distribution Broncho- Lobar IIP UIP DIP BOOP-COP NSIP RB Other Atelectasis circulatory Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary embolism Lung abscess Pleural cavity / mediastinum Pleural disease Pleuritis/pleurisy Pneumothorax / Hemopneumothorax Pleural effusion Hemothorax Hydrothorax Chylothorax Empyema/pyothorax Malignant Fibrothorax Mediastinal disease Mediastinitis Mediastinal emphysema Other/general Respiratory failure Influenza Common cold SARS Coronavirus disease 2019 Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
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Jaundice
Wikipedia
These diseases may cause jaundice due to increased erythrocyte hemolysis: [ citation needed ] Sickle-cell anemia Spherocytosis Thalassemia Pyruvate kinase deficiency Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Severe malaria (in endemic countries) Hepatic causes [ edit ] Microscopy of a biopsy of a cholestatic liver showing bilirubin pigment (brown pigment), H&E stain Hepatic jaundice is caused by abnormal liver metabolism of bilirubin. ... The following is a non-exhaustive list of hepatic causes to jaundice: [ citation needed ] Acute hepatitis Chronic hepatitis Hepatotoxicity Cirrhosis Drug-induced hepatitis Alcoholic liver disease Gilbert's syndrome (found in about 5% of the population, results in induced mild jaundice) Crigler-Najjar syndrome, type I Crigler-Najjar syndrome, type II Leptospirosis Post-hepatic causes [ edit ] Post-hepatic jaundice (obstructive jaundice), is caused by a blockage of bile ducts which transport bile containing conjugated bilirubin out of the liver for excretion. The following is a list of conditions that can cause post-hepatic jaundice: Choledocholithiasis (common bile duct gallstones) Pancreatic cancer of the pancreatic head Biliary tract strictures Biliary atresia Primary biliary cholangitis Cholestasis of pregnancy Acute Pancreatitis Chronic Pancreatitis Pancreatic pseudocysts Mirizzi's syndrome Parasites (" liver flukes " of the Opisthorchiidae and Fasciolidae ) [22] Pathophysiology [ edit ] Jaundice is typically caused by an underlying pathological process that occurs at some point along the normal physiological pathway of heme metabolism. ... Pathologic causes of neonatal jaundice include the following: breastmilk jaundice formula jaundice [45] hereditary spherocytosis glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency pyruvate kinase deficiency ABO / Rh blood type autoantibodies alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency Alagille syndrome (genetic defect resulting in hypoplastic intrahepatic bile ducts) Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis pyknocytosis (due to vitamin deficiency) cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism) sepsis or other infectious causes Pathophysiology [ edit ] Transient neonatal jaundice is one of the most common conditions occurring in newborns (children under 28 days of age) with more than eighty percent affected during their first week of life. [46] Jaundice in infants, like adults, is characterized by increased bilirubin levels (total serum bilirubin greater than 5 mg/dL). ... External links [ edit ] The dictionary definition of jaundice at Wiktionary Media related to Jaundice at Wikimedia Commons Classification D ICD - 10 : R17 ICD - 9-CM : 782.4 MeSH : D007565 DiseasesDB : 7038 External resources MedlinePlus : 003243 Patient UK : Jaundice v t e Symptoms and signs relating to the human digestive system or abdomen Gastrointestinal tract Nausea Vomiting Heartburn Aerophagia Pagophagia Dysphagia oropharyngeal esophageal Odynophagia Bad breath Xerostomia Hypersalivation Burping Wet burp Goodsall's rule Chilaiditi syndrome Dance's sign Aaron's sign Arapov's sign Markle sign McBurney's point Sherren's triangle Radiologic signs : Hampton's line Klemm's sign Accessory liver : Councilman body Mallory body biliary: Boas' sign Courvoisier's law Charcot's cholangitis triad / Reynolds' pentad cholecystitis ( Murphy's sign Lépine's sign Mirizzi's syndrome ) Nardi test Defecation Flatulence Fecal incontinence Encopresis Fecal occult blood Rectal tenesmus Constipation Obstructed defecation Diarrhea Rectal discharge Psoas sign Obturator sign Rovsing's sign Hamburger sign Heel tap sign Aure-Rozanova's sign Dunphy sign Alder's sign Lockwood's sign Rosenstein's sign Abdomen Pain Abdominal pain Acute abdomen Colic Baby colic Abdominal guarding Blumberg sign Distension Abdominal distension Bloating Ascites Tympanites Shifting dullness Ascites Fluid wave test Masses Abdominal mass Hepatosplenomegaly Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly Other Jaundice Mallet-Guy sign Puddle sign Ballance's sign Aortic insufficiency Castell's sign Kehr's sign Cullen's sign Grey Turner's sign Hernia Howship–Romberg sign Hannington-Kiff sign Other Cupola sign Fothergill's sign Carnett's sign Sister Mary Joseph nodule Authority control GND : 4156412-1 NDL : 00568783ICAM1, CYP1A1, CCL25, UGT1A1, CYP1A2, ABCB11, SERPINA1, ABCC2, PRKAR1A, SPTB, SPTA1, CASR, BRCA2, NBAS, DGUOK, ATP8B1, HNF1B, PRSS1, PTPN3, SLCO1B3, PEX19, ABCD3, DUOX2, PEX2, PEX5, RAB27A, PRSS2, ACADVL, PRF1, PROP1, PEX14, SLC26A4, PEX1, PEX6, PEX10, PEX12, PEX13, PFKM, IER3IP1, ABCB4, PKLR, DCDC2, POU1F1, POU2AF1, GLRX5, VPS33B, RHAG, SLC2A1, SLC4A1, TP53, TPI1, TPO, TSHB, TSHR, PAX8, TNFSF15, LHX3, TTC37, PEX3, PEX11B, HESX1, EIF2AK3, CYP7B1, CLDN1, NR1H4, SLC25A13, SEC23B, SPIB, SLC5A5, TNPO3, PALLD, MST1, POLG2, ADAMTS13, SPINK1, SLCO1B1, AKR1D1, TCF4, TFAM, TG, THRA, THRB, CTRC, TBX19, F5, NKX2-5, GALE, ATP11C, VIPAS39, FLI1, ATP7A, CPLANE1, ETFDH, ETFB, ETFA, EPB42, EPB41, DHFR, MMEL1, PALB2, HSD3B7, TRMU, C15orf41, COX4I2, CPOX, CPA1, LYST, SERAC1, LHX4, COG7, CFTR, ATP7B, CDKN2A, TBCK, BRCA1, BPGM, GALT, ANK1, IL12RB1, GCLC, PEX16, OCLN, SMAD4, DUOXA2, LPL, LIPA, IYD, LBR, KRT18, KRT8, KRAS, KCNN4, JAK2, IRF5, UNC80, IL12A, HMGCL, PEX26, GPI, GPR35, GPT, HBB, HK1, SLC30A10, HNF4A, ALDOB, SP110, IL2RG, ALDOA, G6PD, IFNL3, UGT1A, ALB, UGT1A7, SLC35A2, UGT1A8, UGT1A4, UGT1A10, UGT1A6, NR1I3, GGTLC1, SLC17A5, UGGT1, UGT1A3, UGT1A9, UGT1A5, NELFCD, LOC102724197, UBL4A, CTSZ, CRP, PER3, CHAT, CRYGEP, NUDT10, CAT, CEACAM5, CEACAM3, CEACAM7, CRY2, BCL2, CRYGC, CXADR, F2, MMS19, GAST, BTD, ARR3, OPN1MW, GGTLC5P, OPN1MW3, ACP1, GGTLC4P, OPN1MW2, GGT2, GGTLC3, CXADRP1, ASPG, POU5F1P4, SMIM10L2B, POU5F1P3, AFP, SMIM10L2A, AHR, HAMP, GGT1, NR1I2, SPG7, RRAS, CCL5, SLC10A1, SLC22A3, SMN1, SMN2, TIMP1, PSG2, TLR1, TRIM13, TLR2, TNF, UGDH, NR4A3, PVALB, PRL, GOT1, MMP7, HMOX1, HSPA4, CXCL8, CXCR2, IL15, LGALS3BP, MMP9, POU5F1, MPV17, MVD, ADA2, NBN, PC, PKM, ABO