Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a brain injury disorder characterized by the death of the white matter of the brain due to softening of the brain tissue. It can affect fetuses or newborns, and premature babies are at the greatest risk of the disorder. PVL is caused by a lack of oxygen or blood flow to the area around the ventricles of the brain, which results in the death of brain tissue. Although babies with PVL generally have no apparent signs or symptoms of the disorder at delivery, they are at risk for motor disorders, cerebral palsy , delayed mental development, coordination problems, and vision and hearing impairments.There is no cure for PVL. Treatment is generally supportive. Prognosis is dependent on the extent of damage to the ventricles.
A rare neurologic condition characterized by focal periventricular necrosis and diffuse cerebral white matter injury. It most commonly occurs in premature infants. Signs of brain damage typically begin to show in early childhood. Long-term outcomes depend on the extent of the white matter injury and include cognitive delay, motor delay, vision and hearing impairment, and cerebral palsy.
Scrub typhus is a rare dust mite-borne infectious disease caused by the Orientia tsutsugamushi bacterium and characterized clinically by an eruptive fever which is potentially serious. Epidemiology Precise prevalence and incidence rates of scrub typhus are not known. An estimated 1 billion people worldwide are at risk for scrub typhus, and an estimated 1 million cases occur each year. The disease is widespread in rural South and South-East Asia and the Western Pacific (Korea to Australia) as well as from Japan to India and Pakistan. In these regions its annual incidence is approximately 1/4,000. Scrub typhus occurs preferentially in spring and autumn in rural areas and has frequently been reported in individuals who traveled to endemic regions.
A rare pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to asbestos particles. Symptoms may appear many years after exposure and include progressive dyspnea on exertion, dry cough, chest pain, tightness, inspiratory crackles, clubbing of the fingers. Later complications include mesothelioma and lung cancers.
Overview Asbestosis (as-bes-TOE-sis) is a chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. Prolonged exposure to these fibers can cause lung tissue scarring and shortness of breath. Asbestosis symptoms can range from mild to severe, and usually don't appear until many years after initial exposure. Bronchioles and alveoli in the lungs In your lungs, the main airways, called bronchi, branch off into smaller and smaller passageways. The smallest airways, called bronchioles, lead to tiny air sacs called alveoli.
It has been reported in fossils of the large carnivorous dinosaur Allosaurus fragilis . [41] Osteomyelitis has been also associated with the first evidence of parasites in dinosaur bones. [42] See also [ edit ] Brodie abscess Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis SAPHO syndrome Garre's sclerosing osteomyelitis References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Osteomyelitis" . ... Classification D ICD - 10 : M86 ICD - 9-CM : 730 MeSH : D010019 DiseasesDB : 9367 External resources MedlinePlus : 000437 eMedicine : ped/1677 Patient UK : Osteomyelitis v t e Bone and joint disease Bone Inflammation endocrine : Osteitis fibrosa cystica Brown tumor infection : Osteomyelitis Sequestrum Involucrum Sesamoiditis Brodie abscess Periostitis Vertebral osteomyelitis Metabolic Bone density Osteoporosis Juvenile Osteopenia Osteomalacia Paget's disease of bone Hypophosphatasia Bone resorption Osteolysis Hajdu–Cheney syndrome Ainhum Gorham's disease Other Ischaemia Avascular necrosis Osteonecrosis of the jaw Complex regional pain syndrome Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy Nonossifying fibroma Pseudarthrosis Stress fracture Fibrous dysplasia Monostotic Polyostotic Skeletal fluorosis bone cyst Aneurysmal bone cyst Hyperostosis Infantile cortical hyperostosis Osteosclerosis Melorheostosis Pycnodysostosis Joint Chondritis Relapsing polychondritis Other Tietze's syndrome Combined Osteochondritis Osteochondritis dissecans Child leg: hip Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome tibia Osgood–Schlatter disease Blount's disease foot Köhler disease Sever's disease spine Scheuermann's_disease arm: wrist Kienböck's disease elbow Panner disease
Alternative therapy NCCIH Classification Manipulative and body-based Risks No proven risks, when executed correctly Benefits Placebo Legality differs from country to country This article is part of a series on Alternative medicine General information Alternative medicine Alternative veterinary medicine Quackery (Health fraud) History of alternative medicine Rise of modern medicine Pseudoscience Antiscience Skepticism Skeptical movement National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Terminology of alternative medicine Therapeutic nihilism Fringe medicine and science Acupressure Acupuncture Alkaline diet Anthroposophic medicine Apitherapy Applied kinesiology Aromatherapy Auriculotherapy Bates method Black salve Bodywork Bonesetter Bowen technique Breathwork Fake COVID-19 treatments Cancer treatments Charcoal cleanse Chiropractic Chiropractic treatment techniques Vertebral subluxation Christian Science Chromotherapy Colon cleansing Coffee enema Colorpuncture Colloidal silver Craniosacral therapy Crystal healing Cupping therapy Dental amalgam controversy Detoxification Foot detox Ear candling Energy medicine Esoteric energy Therapeutic touch Fabunan Antiviral Injection Facilitated communication Feldenkrais Method Functional medicine Hair analysis Herbal medicine Holistic dentistry Hologram bracelet Homeopathy Bach flower remedies Biological terrain assessment Hypnotherapy Iridology Ionized jewelry Jilly Juice Lightning Process Lymphotherapy Medical intuitive Mesmerism Magnet therapy Manual therapy Megavitamin therapy Mind–body interventions MMS Myofascial release NAET Naturopathy Oil pulling Orgone Orthomolecular medicine Orthopathy Osteomyology Osteopathy Ozone therapy Parapsychology Phrenology Psychic surgery Psychodermatology Radionics Rapid prompting method RBOP Reiki Reflexology Rolfing Scientific racism ThetaHealing Thought Field Therapy Urophagia Vaginal steaming Vision therapy Vitalism Young blood transfusion Zero balancing Conspiracy theories ( list ) Big Pharma conspiracy theory HIV/AIDS denialism OPV AIDS hypothesis Anti-vaccination Vaccines and autism MMR vaccine and autism Water fluoridation controversy GMO conspiracy theories Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic Classifications Alternative medical systems Mind–body intervention Biologically-based therapy Manipulative methods Energy therapy Traditional medicine African Muti Southern Africa Ayurveda Ayurvedic acupressure Dosha Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health Balneotherapy Brazilian Bush medicine Cambodian Chinese Blood stasis Chinese herbology Dit Da Gua sha Gill plate trade Meridian Moxibustion Pressure point Qi San Jiao Tui na Zang-fu Chumash Curandero Faith healing Iranian Jamu Kambo Japanese Korean Mien Shiang Mongolian Prophetic medicine Shamanism Shiatsu Siddha Sri Lankan Thai massage Tibetan Unani Vietnamese Diagnoses Adrenal fatigue Aerotoxic syndrome Candida hypersensitivity Chronic Lyme disease Electromagnetic hypersensitivity Heavy legs Leaky gut syndrome Multiple chemical sensitivity Wilson's temperature syndrome v t e This article has multiple issues. ... The vertebral subluxation has been described as a syndrome with signs and symptoms which include: altered alignment; aberrant motion; palpable soft tissue changes; localized/referred pain; muscle contraction or imbalance; altered physiological function; reversible with adjustment/manipulation; focal tenderness. [20] Procedure [ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification . ... In an article on vertebral subluxation, the chiropractic authors wrote: Subluxation syndrome is a legitimate, potentially testable, theoretical construct for which there is little experimental evidence. ... One Step Further: The Vertebral Subluxation Syndrome . Dynamic Chiropractic, March 27, 1992, Volume 10, Issue 07. ^ Terry Elder, DC. ... 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The intratendinous sliding motion of fascicles and shear force at interfaces of fascicles could be an important mechanical factor for the development of tendinopathy and predispose tendons to rupture. [19] Obesity , or more specifically, adiposity or fatness, has also been linked to an increasing incidence of tendinopathy. [20] The most commonly accepted cause for this condition however is seen to be an overuse syndrome in combination with intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to what may be seen as a progressive interference or the failing of the innate healing response. ... External links [ edit ] Questions and Answers about Bursitis and Tendinitis - US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Classification D ICD - 10 : M77.9 ICD - 9-CM : 726.90 MeSH : D052256 DiseasesDB : 31624 SNOMED CT : 68172002 External resources MedlinePlus : 001229 eMedicine : emerg/570 v t e Soft tissue disorders Capsular joint Synoviopathy Synovitis / Tenosynovitis Calcific tendinitis Stenosing tenosynovitis Trigger finger De Quervain syndrome Transient synovitis Ganglion cyst osteochondromatosis Synovial osteochondromatosis Plica syndrome villonodular synovitis Giant-cell tumor of the tendon sheath Bursopathy Bursitis Olecranon Prepatellar Trochanteric Subacromial Achilles Retrocalcaneal Ischial Iliopsoas Synovial cyst Baker's cyst Calcific bursitis Noncapsular joint Symptoms Ligamentous laxity Hypermobility Enthesopathy / Enthesitis / Tendinopathy upper limb Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder Impingement syndrome Rotator cuff tear Golfer's elbow Tennis elbow lower limb Iliotibial band syndrome Patellar tendinitis Achilles tendinitis Calcaneal spur Metatarsalgia Bone spur other/general: Tendinitis / Tendinosis Nonjoint Fasciopathy Fasciitis : Plantar Nodular Necrotizing Eosinophilic Fibromatosis / contracture Dupuytren's contracture Plantar fibromatosis Aggressive fibromatosis Knuckle pads
Overview Tendinitis is inflammation of the thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone. These cords are called tendons. The condition causes pain and tenderness just outside a joint. Tendinitis can occur in any tendon. But it's most common around shoulders, elbows, wrists, knees and heels. Most tendinitis can be treated with rest, physical therapy and medicine to reduce pain. Long-lasting tendon inflammation can cause a tendon to tear. A torn tendon might need surgery.
The term SMEDI usually indicates Porcine enterovirus , but it also can indicate Porcine parvovirus , which is a more important cause of the syndrome. [2] SMEDI also causes abortion, neonatal death, and decreased male fertility.
Prognosis The prognosis of HBL is severe when the disease manifests in early childhood, and is excellent for the moderate form without cytolysis and steatosis. A familial syndrome of longevity has been observed in the benign forms of HBL (many patients live over the age of 85).
Description Paragangliomas-7 (PGL7) is an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome in which affected individuals develop adult-onset neuroendocrine neoplasms, know as paragangliomas.
The proband of family C, evaluated at the Mayo Clinic, was a 46-year-old female diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome at 6 years of age who had presented with prematurity, hyperextensibility, thin translucent skin, chronic fatigue, diffuse body pain, and possible periodic fever.
Additionally, amelogenesis imperfecta can occur alone without any other signs and symptoms or it can occur as part of a syndrome that affects multiple parts of the body.
HMGA2 was considered a strong biologic candidate for influencing height as homozygous deletion of the orthologous gene in the mouse produces the 'pygmy' phenotype, while mice expressing the truncated gene develop gigantism and lipomatosis; in humans, an individual with a severe overgrowth syndrome carried a chromosomal inversion that truncated the HMGA2 gene product (Ligon et al., 2005).
The disorder reported by Knoell et al. (1998) appears to be distinct from blue rubber bleb nevus, or Bean syndrome (112200). Epithelioid blue nevi occur in association with multiple lentigines, atrial myxoma, or mucocutaneous myxoma in the Carney complex (160980).
Hydroxyprolinemia is an inherited metabolic condition characterized by elevated levels of the amino acid hydroxyproline in the blood and urine. This condition usually does not cause physical or cognitive abnormalities. Hydroxyprolinemia was initially described in association with intellectual disabilities; however it has also been reported in cognitively normal individuals and is thus thought to be begnin . Hydroxyprolinemia is thought to be an autosomal recessive condition.
Mandibular prognathism is a feature of the XXY, XXXY, and XXXXY syndromes and of interest is the progressive increase of this feature as the number of X chromosomes increases (Gorlin et al., 1965).
A rare, genetic, developmental defect during embryogenesis disorder characterized by abnormal forward projection of the mandible beyond the standard relation to the cranial base, with lower incisors often overlapping the upper incisors, that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Association with mildly everted lower eyelids, flat malar area, thickened lower lip and craniosynostosis has been reported.
Gorlin (1976) described an autosomal dominant syndrome, which he termed 'focal palmoplantar and marginal gingival hyperkeratosis,' in which there is hyperkeratosis of the soles that is most marked over the weight-bearing areas and hyperkeratosis of the palms that he suggested might be trauma-related.
Focal palmoplantar and gingival keratoderma is a very rare form of focal palmoplantar keratoderma characterized by painful circumscribed hyperkeratotic lesions on weight-bearing areas of soles, moderate focal hyperkeratosis of palmar pressure-related areas and an asymptomatic leukokeratosis confined to labial- and lingual- attached gingiva. Additional occasional features may include hyperhidrosis, follicular keratosis and extended oral mucosa involvement.
Focal palmoplantar and gingival keratosis Specialty Dermatology Focal palmoplantar and gingival keratosis is a rare autosomal dominant disease whose clinical features, and in particular, pathologic alterations and molecular mechanisms remains to be well defined. [1] [2] See also [ edit ] Digitate dermatosis List of cutaneous conditions References [ edit ] ^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set . St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1 . ^ Kolde G, Hennies HC, Bethke G, Reichart PA (March 2005). "Focal palmoplantar and gingival keratosis: a distinct palmoplantar ectodermal dysplasia with epidermolytic alterations but lack of mutations in known keratins". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol . 52 (3 Pt 1): 403–9. doi : 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.07.029 . PMID 15761417 . External links [ edit ] Classification D OMIM : 148730 MeSH : C536157 This dermatology article is a stub .
De Yebenes et al. (1988) described a syndrome of branchial myoclonus, spastic paraparesis, and cerebellar ataxia in 6 members of 2 generations of a family that lived in the province of Toledo in Spain.
Differential diagnosis The differential diagnosis includes 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and a number of other neurodevelopmental disorders associated with feeding difficulties, mild developmental delay and variable anomalies.
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that mental retardation-21 (MRD21) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the CTCF gene (604167) on chromosome 16q22. Molecular Genetics By trio exome sequencing in a 9.5-year-old boy with mild intellectual disability, short stature, microcephaly, cleft palate, and congenital heart defects, Gregor et al. (2013) identified a de novo frameshift mutation in the CTCF gene (604167.0001). Screening of the CTCF gene in 399 individuals with intellectual disability revealed 2 more de novo mutations in 2 boys: another frameshift mutation (604167.0002) and a missense mutation (R567W; 604167.0003). The patient with the second frameshift mutation was a 9-year-old boy who had had borderline intelligence but developmental delay, pronounced learning difficulties, and behavioral problems, as well as microcephaly. The patient with the missense mutation was a 4-year-old boy who had microcephaly, severe intellectual disability with autistic features, and severe feeding difficulties that necessitated tube feeding.
Mutations in the HNF1B gene (17q12), coding for hepatocyte nuclear transcription factor 1beta, associated with renal cysts and diabetes syndrome, have been detected in cases of unilateral MCDK.