-
Microcephaly, Short Stature, And Impaired Glucose Metabolism 2
Omim
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that microcephaly, short stature, and impaired glucose metabolism-2 (MSSGM2) is caused by homozygous mutation in the PPP1R15B gene (613257) on chromosome 1q32. Another syndrome involving microcephaly, short stature, and impaired glucose metabolism (MSSGM1; 616033) is caused by mutation in the TRMT10A gene (616013) on chromosome 4q23.
-
Hiv/aids In New Zealand
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] HIV and AIDS Information , Ministry of Health New Zealand AIDS Foundation Bodypositive.org.nz www.positivewomen.org.nz Queer Resources Aotearoa New Zealand - a history of HIV/AIDS in New Zealand Streaming audio interviews on HIV/AIDS in New Zealand The New Zealand AIDS Memorial Quilt Ending HIV NZ v t e HIV/AIDS in Oceania Sovereign states Australia Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Associated states of New Zealand Cook Islands Niue Dependencies and other territories American Samoa Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Easter Island French Polynesia Guam Hawaii New Caledonia Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Pitcairn Islands Tokelau Wallis and Futuna v t e HIV / AIDS topics HIV/AIDS HIV HIV Lentivirus structure and genome subtypes CDC classification disease progression rates HIV/AIDS diagnosis management pathophysiology prevention research vaccination PrEP WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease Children Teens / Adults Countries by AIDS prevalence rate Conditions Signs and symptoms AIDS-defining clinical condition Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome Lipodystrophy Nephropathy Neurocognitive disorders Pruritus Superinfection Tuberculosis co-infection HIV Drug Resistance Database Innate resistance to HIV Serostatus HIV-positive people Nutrition Pregnancy History History Epidemiology Multiple sex partners Timeline AIDS Museum Timothy Ray Brown Women and HIV/AIDS Social AIDS orphan Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS Circumcision and HIV Criminal transmission Discrimination against people Economic impact Cost of treatment HIV-affected community HIV/AIDS activism HIV/AIDS denialism Red ribbon Safe sex Sex education List of HIV-positive people People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement HIV/AIDS in the porn industry Culture Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories International AIDS Conference International AIDS Society Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) The SING Campaign Solidays Treatment Action Campaign World AIDS Day YAA/Youthforce "Free Me" Larry Kramer Gay Men's Health Crisis ACT UP Silence=Death Project HIV/AIDS pandemic by region / country Africa Angola Benin Botswana Democratic Republic of the Congo Egypt Eswatini Ethiopia Ghana Guinea Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Tanzania South Africa Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe North America Canada Mexico El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua United States New York City Caribbean Haiti Jamaica Dominican Republic South America Bolivia Brazil Colombia Guyana Peru Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China (PRC) ( Yunnan ) East Timor India Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Jordan North Korea Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Burma) Nepal Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Taiwan (ROC) Thailand United Arab Emirates Turkey Vietnam Europe United Kingdom Russia Ukraine Oceania Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
-
Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia, Type 11
Omim
They had spastic hypertonia, cerebellar syndrome, and motor weakness. Dysmorphic features included protruding ears, bulbous nasal tip, and prominent incisors.
-
Macrostomia
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : Q18.4 ICD - 9-CM : 744.83 MeSH : D008265 DiseasesDB : 30802 v t e Congenital malformations and deformations of face and neck Face jaw : Otocephaly mouth : Macrostomia Microstomia lip : Macrocheilia Microcheilia chin : Microgenia multiple/other: Hallermann–Streiff syndrome Branchial cleft cyst Neck Webbed neck Ungrouped Preauricular sinus and cystACTG1, FRAS1, SPECC1L, PTCH2, TWIST2, UBE2A, AP4S1, AP4B1, RAI1, ZMYND11, WDR4, SRCAP, NTNG1, ERLIN2, STAG1, POGZ, KDM6B, PACS2, RPGRIP1L, MED13L, SEC23A, SF3B4, IRX5, PIGN, CD96, HUWE1, ABCC9, HDAC6, MED12, PTDSS1, IFT140, ADAMTSL2, TTC37, GTF2IRD1, GABBR2, POLR1C, PIGL, AP4E1, ACTB, SETBP1, NRXN1, NXN, SNIP1, ALG9, PGAP1, KLHL15, ASXL3, WDR73, PIGY, UBE3B, TMEM67, STRADA, B3GLCT, ARID2, FLCN, NALCN, ZSWIM6, CC2D2A, HECW2, TMCO1, ANKRD11, KCNK4, POLR1D, DACT1, ACTL6B, LARP7, QRICH1, ARID1B, NSUN2, MKS1, TMEM70, PACS1, MBD5, GATAD2B, TBL2, AP4M1, TRIP12, IDUA, GJB2, GPC3, GLB1, GNS, GTF2I, HNRNPH2, INSR, FUCA1, KCNH1, KCNJ8, LIG4, LIMK1, MECP2, MGAT2, GALNS, MTOR, BAZ1B, CDC42, ADSL, AGA, ATIC, ATP6V1B2, ATRX, BRAF, CENPF, FOXG1, DDX11, DHCR7, DPYD, ELN, FBN1, GPC4, NONO, ROR2, PIK3CA, RNF113A, TALDO1, TCF4, TCOF1, UBE3A, CLIP2, ZNF148, BRPF1, PMM2, ARID1A, TRRAP, CUL4B, OFD1, PPM1D, AP1S2, STXBP1, CDKL5, SSR4, SOX11, MAP2K1, PSPH, RAF1, DPF2, RFC2, RPS6KA3, SALL1, SET, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, SMARCC2, SMARCE1, SOX4, SH3PXD2B, DLG3
-
Trichomoniasis
Mayo_clinic
Trichomoniasis also appears to make it easier to become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Trichomoniasis is associated with an increased risk of cervical or prostate cancer.
-
Clear Cell Sarcoma
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD-O : 9044/3 MeSH : D018227 SNOMED CT : 402561003 v t e Connective / soft tissue tumors and sarcomas Not otherwise specified Soft-tissue sarcoma Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor Connective tissue neoplasm Fibromatous Fibroma / fibrosarcoma : Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans Desmoplastic fibroma Fibroma / fibromatosis : Aggressive infantile fibromatosis Aponeurotic fibroma Collagenous fibroma Diffuse infantile fibromatosis Familial myxovascular fibromas Fibroma of tendon sheath Fibromatosis colli Infantile digital fibromatosis Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis Plantar fibromatosis Pleomorphic fibroma Oral submucous fibrosis Histiocytoma / histiocytic sarcoma : Benign fibrous histiocytoma Malignant fibrous histiocytoma Atypical fibroxanthoma Solitary fibrous tumor Myxomatous Myxoma / myxosarcoma Cutaneous myxoma Superficial acral fibromyxoma Angiomyxoma Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour Fibroepithelial Brenner tumour Fibroadenoma Phyllodes tumor Synovial -like Synovial sarcoma Clear-cell sarcoma Lipomatous Lipoma / liposarcoma Myelolipoma Myxoid liposarcoma PEComa Angiomyolipoma Chondroid lipoma Intradermal spindle cell lipoma Pleomorphic lipoma Lipoblastomatosis Spindle cell lipoma Hibernoma Myomatous general: Myoma / myosarcoma smooth muscle : Leiomyoma / leiomyosarcoma skeletal muscle : Rhabdomyoma / rhabdomyosarcoma : Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Sarcoma botryoides Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma Leiomyoma Angioleiomyoma Angiolipoleiomyoma Genital leiomyoma Leiomyosarcoma Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis syndrome Multiple cutaneous leiomyoma Neural fibrolipoma Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma STUMP Complex mixed and stromal Adenomyoma Pleomorphic adenoma Mixed Müllerian tumor Mesoblastic nephroma Wilms' tumor Malignant rhabdoid tumour Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney Hepatoblastoma Pancreatoblastoma Carcinosarcoma Mesothelial Mesothelioma Adenomatoid tumorEWSR1, ATF1, CREB1, BCOR, CD6, MITF, BRAF, KIT, GDNF, MET, S100A1, S100B, ERBB3, IGF2, NRAS, MLANA, EGFR, CCS, CREM, CDKN2A, VIM, TYR, TFE3, SST, CIC, CRTC1, TRIM11, RTL1, PTEN, PLAU, PDGFRB, P4HB, AOC1, NBN, MYC, CD151, CREBBP, CSF3, DDIT3, HBEGF, E2F4, FOS, FUS, MSH6, NRG1, IL6, CD99, MLH1, MRC1, MSH2, LINC01194
-
Neurocysticercosis
Wikipedia
Neurocysticercosis occurs when cysts formed by the infection take hold within the brain , causing neurologic syndromes such as epileptic seizures . It is a common cause of seizures worldwide.
- Congenital Disorder Of Glycosylation, Type Id Omim
-
Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D Urothelium at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e Epithelial tissue Cells Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Types Simple squamous epithelium Endothelium Mesothelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Respiratory epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium Stratified cuboidal epithelium Stratified columnar epithelium Transitional epithelium Urothelium Glands Types Mechanism Merocrine Eccrine Apocrine Holocrine Sebaceous Meibomian Shape Tubular gland Alveolar gland Secretion Serous glands Mucous glands Components Myoepithelial cell Serous demilune Ducts Intralobular Striated Intercalated Acinus / Lobe v t e Overview of tumors , cancer and oncology Conditions Benign tumors Hyperplasia Cyst Pseudocyst Hamartoma Malignant progression Dysplasia Carcinoma in situ Cancer Metastasis Primary tumor Sentinel lymph node Topography Head and neck ( oral , nasopharyngeal ) Digestive system Respiratory system Bone Skin Blood Urogenital Nervous system Endocrine system Histology Carcinoma Sarcoma Blastoma Papilloma Adenoma Other Precancerous condition Paraneoplastic syndrome Staging / grading TNM Ann Arbor Prostate cancer staging Gleason grading system Dukes classification Carcinogenesis Cancer cell Carcinogen Tumor suppressor genes / oncogenes Clonally transmissible cancer Oncovirus Carcinogenic bacteria Misc.
-
Epidermolysis Bullosa, Lethal Acantholytic
Omim
Molecular Genetics The observation in their patient that the keratin intermediate filaments were disconnected from the inner dense plaque, similar to desmoplakin knockout mice and patients with skin fragility-woolly hair syndrome (607655), led Jonkman et al. (2005) to screen the DSP gene (125647) for mutations.
-
Depression (Mood)
Wikipedia
Contents 1 Factors 1.1 Life events 1.2 Personality 1.3 Medical treatments 1.4 Substance-induced 1.5 Non-psychiatric illnesses 1.6 Psychiatric syndromes 1.7 Historical legacy 2 Measures 3 Connections 3.1 Alcoholism 3.2 Bullying 3.3 Creative thinking 3.4 Stress management techniques 4 Management 5 Epidemiology 6 Global health 7 History of the concept 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Factors Allegory on melancholy, from circa 1729–40, etching and engraving, dimensions of the sheet: 42 × 25.7 cm, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City) Life events Adversity in childhood, such as bereavement , neglect , mental abuse , physical abuse , sexual abuse , or unequal parental treatment of siblings can contribute to depression in adulthood. [5] [6] Childhood physical or sexual abuse in particular significantly correlates with the likelihood of experiencing depression over the victim's lifetime. [7] Life events and changes that may influence depressed moods include (but are not limited to): childbirth , menopause , financial difficulties, unemployment, stress (such as from work, education, family, living conditions etc.), a medical diagnosis (cancer, HIV, etc.), bullying , loss of a loved one, natural disasters , social isolation , rape, relationship troubles, jealousy, separation, or catastrophic injury . [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Adolescents may be especially prone to experiencing a depressed mood following social rejection , peer pressure , or bullying. [13] Personality Changes in personality or in one's social environment can affect levels of depression. ... These include alcohol , sedatives (including prescription benzodiazepines ), opioids (including prescription pain killers and illicit drugs such as heroin), stimulants (such as cocaine and amphetamines ), hallucinogens , and inhalants . [19] Non-psychiatric illnesses Main article: Depression (differential diagnoses) Depressed mood can be the result of a number of infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies , neurological conditions, [20] and physiological problems, including hypoandrogenism (in men), Addison's disease , Cushing's syndrome , hypothyroidism , hyperparathyroidism , Lyme disease , multiple sclerosis , Parkinson's disease , chronic pain , stroke , [21] diabetes , [22] and cancer . [23] Psychiatric syndromes Main article: Depressive mood disorders Infographic A number of psychiatric syndromes feature depressed mood as a main symptom.S100A10, SLC6A2, TPH1, NTRK2, IL1B, SLC6A4, HTR2A, DRD2, IL6, NPY, S100B, BDNF, CRH, CRHR1, NR3C1, NGF, GSK3B, CHRM2, DRD1, DBH, ADRA2A, CRHBP, CRHR2, IL6R, PPP1R1B, PDE4D, TH, HDAC5, P2RX7, ABCB1, TAC1, IGF1, IDO1, OPRK1, GAD1, AR, LEP, CREB1, MAOA, SLC6A3, MTHFR, CNR1, OXTR, ARTN, PTGS2, ESR1, FKBP5, DISC1, CYP2D6, HTR1A, HTR2C, POMC, TPH2, VEGFA, GAL, HCRT, KCNK2, COMT, DRD4, GRIN2B, NR3C2, TNF, IFNG, IL18, CLOCK, IL1A, REN, CXCL8, GRIA1, PCLO, COX2, DRD3, BICC1, CACNA1C, CYP2C19, ARNTL, GFAP, HTR1B, SLC18A2, PDE4A, TNFRSF1A, HP, PDE4B, MAPK3, HTR3A, NOS2, BRCA1, NOS3, AKT1, PER2, FTO, MAOB, CNR2, CHRNA4, HOMER1, TNFRSF1B, CARTPT, TRH, GNB3, VGF, GRIN2A, GRM7, AGT, FGFR1, DUSP1, HSD11B1, DTNBP1, NCAM1, PER3, DPYSL2, NRG1, HTR4, ATXN3, HTR7, HDAC2, RELN, PSEN1, PDYN, MCHR1, RORA, APRT, APP, GLO1, SLC1A2, GAP43, OPRM1, GABRB3, CHAT, CAMK2A, CDKN2A, HTT, CNTF, STMN1, CRY2, SOD1, GPX1, TTR, DAOA, MED12, TACR1, FOS, HDAC9, GTS, SLC18A1, GH1, NPS, WFS1, RAC1, GRIA3, ADCY7, ADCY5, PMCH, TIMELESS, PDE1B, ANKK1, OXT, NRXN1, MTR, GSTM1, UCN, EGR3, ERBB3, GYPE, FOLH1, DAOA-AS1, GABRA6, GLUL, NPSR1, CRY1, CMKLR1, HCN1, GRIK3, KCNJ6, DPP4, HIF1A, CPLX2, MAPK8, ATF3, PYY, ASMT, CDH13, AQP4, WWC1, SOD2, SYN1, CPLX1, TLE1, PFKFB3, DEAF1, GRK2, ADRB1, HDAC6, HDAC4, ADCYAP1R1, ADCYAP1, ADCY8, HTR3B, LGI1, PNOC, AGO1, DLG4, LDHA, SLC29A3, PEX5L, NGFR, MC4R, MC1R, M6PR, LTA4H, RNF123, NTS, DGCR8, SLCO1C1, OAS2, CALM2, DUSP6, DUSP4, LIF, ARHGEF10, OR7D4, FGFR2, FGF17, CHRNA6, TBX19, HCRTR1, IMPA2, SGCE, PENK, GSTT1, CSMD2, GRN, GRID1, PPP3CC, PRKCI, DKK4, NPAS2, GRM1, FGF20, SFRP1, SLC1A1, SLC6A1, FEV, SNAP25, SNCA, GRPR, GABRA3, SRD5A1, NEFM, A2M, SERPINA6, ATP2A2, DGKB, CHRNB3, CHRNA2, BAG1, ALK, ATF4, ATP1A3, AANAT, ARRB2, NOS1, ESR2, NOS1AP, UQCRB, CDK5, AVPR1B, CYP2E1, NEFL, NPY2R, PAWR, CYP2D7, BAX, KMO, FADD, CYP1A2, GATA1, SNCG, MFN2, RNF103, JUN, L1CAM, NDUFB7, NPY1R, BCL2L1, ATP5PD, NQO1, ABAT, ADIPOQ, ECT, OPN1SW, PAEP, STAR, LIPA, NLRP3, ACE, LOC110806262, EXOSC6, TAL1, GATA3, LTBP3, THAS, ATF7IP, SCLY, LINC02210-CRHR1, REM1, IFNA1, APOE, GDNF, CRP, ENDOU, GRM5, CECR, COPD, IFNA13, IL10, AVP, AGRP, KRT7, CAT, FLT4, SMCP, ELK3, ZC4H2, SERPINE1, SGCA, SIRT1, PRL, MOCOS, NFE2L2, PKD2L1, FGF2, FKBP4, IL17A, TSPO, SORT1, ALB, PVALB, ACAD8, BDNF-AS, PON1, PIK3CA, INSRR, TP53, PIK3CD, PIK3CB, PIK3CG, TLR4, GAD2, MTCO2P12, GABPA, MAPK1, KL, WASF2, CUX1, COPE, IL2, SIRT2, EGFR, ARSD, FAAH, PAFAH1B1, TET2, GDE1, ADAMTS2, SF3B1, ACHE, MIR132, CTNNB1, MCIDAS, WASF1, SIGMAR1, HMGB1, YWHAE, CYP2B6, TRPV1, PGC, AGTR1, CRTC1, EBPL, ASXL1, CSF2, FMR1, DST, CCL2, LAMC2, SLA2, SMPD1, GRAP2, C1QL1, PSS, STAT3, TGFB1, BAG3, PERCC1, ACSS2, UBXN11, IL13, CRTAP, PLA2G15, MIR1202, BCHE, CYP19A1, PPARG, CNTN3, CASP1, KLK3, MMP9, SST, SHBG, CYTIP, ACCS, IFNB1, P4HB, EPHB1, EPHB2, DAPK1, IL4, ATN1, ARSI, SYNE1, MARS1, CIT, CFP, TIMP2, SLC17A7, NTF3, LGALS3, AMD1, AMD1P2, CLDN5, LPAR1, MAPT, NTF4, SDS, LCN2, TYMS, BMP1, SSTR4, CXCR6, P2RX4, TNNI3, SIAE, LRP2, DIO1, NUCB2, PAM, MTOR, PDIA2, NLRP1, BRS3, TNFAIP3, KLK8, TTN, BCL2, WDHD1, TXN, CCL3, CHM, ACKR3, MMP2, CORT, PSMD9, ADRA1A, TERC, ADORA2A, GRIK4, RARA, MS, CCN2, FAS, MAPK14, SGK1, GPR42, OR2AG1, TGDS, AHI1, TDO2, S100A1, MTNR1B, LPAR2, TPSG1, CALCA, MIR221, SLC6A15, GCG, APLN, GBA, ATM, OPN5, PROS1, EPO, PLA2G1B, PADI1, PYCARD, ACTB, ADRA2B, HSP90AA1, LXN, RETN, MECP2, PPARD, SULT1E1, MFAP1, STIN2-VNTR, CFH, MCF2L, HCRTR2, EDNRA, DDIT4, CD160, CCHCR1, NPTX2, SULT1A1, RAPGEF4, SERPING1, NOTCH1, LOC107987479, CAD, MDD1, NRGN, TRIT1, NPPA, OGG1, DNASE1L3, BPI, NANS, SYNM, AMY1C, ATP4A, DLX4, ATP12A, HGS, CCR2, MORC1, SLC2A1, B3GAT1, PTH, DICER1, ARSA, DCANP1, DIO3, REST, BRD2, POLDIP2, TSKU, SRSF5, APOA4, DMTN, RNF19A, TSPAN31, SAT1, ARIH1, CCL11, AMY1B, AMY1A, DESI1, NTN1, P2RX3, SYT7, OSR1, SERPINB2, MAGED1, F2R, CD200R1, CCND1, PDGFB, MYT1L, SERPINF1, PEG3, AMH, AD10, ETV3, BCAR1, PLB1, TBC1D9, CD274, PLAT, SMS, PLXNA2, CYP3A4, ATP7B, PNN, PPARA, TCF4, CSTA, SELENBP1, AIMP2, CISH, CHRNB4, HLA-B, HMOX1, ZMYM2, HOXD13, CNBP, YWHAZ, RAPGEF3, CTSC, CDKN1C, HTR6, VDR, ICAM1, IDS, IFNA2, TEMPS, IFNAR1, DDX53, IGF1R, IGF2, MCPH1, CD38, IL5, PINK1, TST, MIR134, ST8SIA4, HARS1, DCLRE1C, TET1, MSTN, PPM1F, CBLIF, GALR2, IL33, GLI3, SLC35G1, GLP1R, GLS, GNAQ, BECN1, ADH1B, ADM, GPR50, GRIA2, CRYGD, CRK, GRIN1, TMPRSS6, GRIN2D, CPE, GRM2, SRPX, CXCL1, ABCC9, CEBPZ, GYPA, AHSA1, CYP2C9, NDRG2, MT2A, MEN1, MPO, CCL4, SAGE1, TERT, FLNA, MIR155, ABL1, EIF4E, LGALS1, CYBB, MBP, CALR, LIFR, MEFV, LIMK1, GPR158, MIR146A, FOXO3, IFNL3, IMPACT, LPP, NOD2, TCN1, GER, TIMP1, CAMP, EIF4EBP1, MIR137, CAMK2B, GOLPH3, MCL1, PPARGC1A, FOSB, LINC00273, ATP6AP2, LINC02347, NR1D1, MIR1908, BCAP31, UCA1, ARL4C, PSIP1, PGR-AS1, CASP8AP2, ISG15, NUDT6, SMIM10L2B, PNPLA6, ERICD, CD2AP, CASC21, UTS2, PDSS1, LOC102723971, ADAMTS13, CACFD1, SMUG1, LPAR3, WSCD2, SV2A, MALT1, CABIN1, KDM4A, CYP46A1, BMS1, DAZAP2, C20orf181, KCNH4, KEAP1, ZBTB24, ZNF197, PDLIM5, RCL1, WASF3, SSPO, CASP12, KDM6B, PHF8, RBM14-RBM4, MCF2L2, PEG10, PPRC1, FST, GDF15, MIR4646, CHL1, UNC13B, P2RX5-TAX1BP3, SLC12A7, GLRX3, TMX2-CTNND1, FEZ1, SORCS3, P2RX2, MYL12A, SEPHS1, SLCO1B1, RAB40B, NLGN4Y, GTF2IRD1, CYSLTR1, CABP1, LHFPL6, ALYREF, MIR708, RIDA, ARC, SIK2, EEF1E1, LILRB2, NPEPPS, TNIP1, TOMM40, CCL4L2, NBEAL2, AKR1A1, RBM14, ACOT7, MIR5695, H3P12, NES, TLX1NB, ZGLP1, TBX4, VN1R17P, TSSK2, SRR, ACF, VCPIP1, MALAT1, ENHO, ARMC9, ALPK1, WDR26, FLAD1, PWAR4, PPP1R2C, IGFBPL1, DNAJC5, ACTBL2, LPAL2, ZBP1, TSPAN33, TMX1, NDEL1, MAP1LC3B, ROPN1L, NAT8L, CELIAC5, TAAR6, CELIAC2, TSSK1B, STN1, CCL4L1, DHDDS, MMEL1, CIAO3, IL25, MIR107, UBE2Z, MIR106B, MIRLET7E, MIRLET7D, GGCT, ASPSCR1, MIRLET7C, MIRLET7B, KREMEN2, TNIP3, CHPF, CIMT, PPP1R3B, NEIL1, FENDRR, SHCBP1, SHC4, SMIM10L2A, MUC21, EHMT1, CAMKMT, SCARA5, SNHG15, STPG4, OXER1, TSACC, KCNH8, GPR151, BPIFA2, TRIM69, RSS, NRG4, TICAM1, CREBRF, ABCA13, OTUD7A, ZNF92, USH1G, IDO2, NPAS4, ASPM, MRGPRX1, NEGR1, PCSK9, CACNA1G-AS1, NLRP6, CLYBL, DCP1B, GPRC6A, INO80C, TPPP2, CAPNS2, NLRP12, BTBD8, PPP1R9B, PTPN5, ABCC11, RSPO1, NKPD1, DIXDC1, CREB3L1, HCCAT5, PGP, DEPDC7, MUC16, ANTXR2, OPN4, OR10A4, STK32C, TP53INP1, MYL12B, PRRT2, BATF2, MRGPRX3, MRGPRX4, SLC16A10, RLN3, XYLT2, GAS5, PANX1, ATG5, APOBEC3C, MIR511, FLVCR1, SETD2, PRSS50, PSAT1, A1CF, NXPH1, ZNF354C, IL22, MIR382, ITSN2, GEMIN4, DHH, MIR370, AADAT, IGF2-AS, MZB1, KCNK9, ZBTB7A, ATRAID, HACD3, SIRT6, GHRL, MIR330, MIR202, MCAT, RABGEF1, MIR503, NGEF, POTEM, PRDX5, MTHFD1L, SOSTDC1, KANK2, LRIT1, TES, CLEC4E, FGF21, SLC17A5, SMR3A, BHLHE22, FGF22, NPTN, SIGLEC7, UQCRQ, CACYBP, MIR499A, MIR493, IL37, DISC2, GPKOW, HPGDS, INPP5K, MAP3K20, MIR133B, RNF150, ENAH, TRERF1, MIR183, USE1, LTB4R2, TWNK, MIR182, CHPT1, PNPLA2, MIR18A, SLC4A10, KIDINS220, PLXNA3, NLGN2, STIM2, RNF213, MIR143, GRHL3, SQOR, SIGIRR, SCPEP1, LGR6, SLC5A7, MIR142, RNPC3, CHDH, GPR166P, MIR29B2, TREM1, TERF2IP, NLGN3, TOLLIP, POTEKP, KRT20, EPB41L4A-DT, TMEM106B, CRLS1, MIR301A, MIR29C, MIR29B1, MIR192, NDE1, MIR27A, PGPEP1, CC2D1A, MKS1, LAMTOR1, CDCA8, APPL2, FBXW7, MIR21, MIR200A, ROCK2, RAP1A, FHL5, GALR1, FES, FGD1, FGF9, FGF13, FGFR3, FHIT, FOXL1, FOXO1, FSHMD1A, NR5A1, ACKR1, GALC, GC, FBLN2, GCH1, GHSR, GJA1, GCLC, GLI1, GPI, GPM6A, GPR17, GPER1, GPR39, FFAR1, GPT, FDPS, FAT1, GRIA4, ELN, DNASE1, TSC22D3, E2F1, EDA, EDN1, EEF1B2P2, EEF2, EGF, EGR1, ELANE, ELAVL2, ELK1, ENG, FAP, EPHA4, EPHA5, STX2, ERBB4, ETFA, ETS2, EYA1, EZH2, F3, FABP7, FANCD2, ACSL4, GPX4, GRIK2, MARK3, KIT, IL15, INPPL1, INSR, IRF6, ISG20, ITGA9, ITGB1, ITGB2, ITGB3, ITK, JAK2, KDR, KLK1, IL2RB, KRAS, KTN1, LAD1, LBP, LEPR, LGALS3BP, LIG3, LTA, LY6E, MARCKS, MXD1, MAG, CXCR2, IL2RA, GRM3, HINT1, GRM4, GRM8, CXCL2, GSN, GSTP1, GTF2I, GYPB, GYPC, H1-0, HBM, SERPIND1, HCLS1, SLC29A2, IL1RN, PRMT1, HSPA2, HSPA4, HSPA8, HSP90AB1, HTR5A, TNC, IRF8, IGFALS, IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP7, DNAH8, DLX3, DLD, CFB, APOA1, APOA2, APOB, FASLG, ARRB1, ASIP, ASPA, ATP5F1A, ALDH7A1, ATP6V1B2, AVPR1A, B2M, BGLAP, ANXA4, BMP6, BRCA2, BST1, C3, CA2, CA12, CACNA1E, SLC25A20, CALB1, CALB2, CALCR, CALD1, AOAH, ANK1, DEFB1, ADRB2, ABCA1, ACACA, ACACB, ACR, ACOX1, ACTA2, ACTG1, ACTG2, ADAM10, ADCY1, PARP1, ADRA2C, ADRB3, AMT, AP2B1, TLE5, AGTR2, APLNR, AHR, ALDH2, ALDH3A1, ALOX5, ALOX5AP, ALPL, AMPD1, AMPD3, CALM1, CALM3, CAMK2G, CST3, COX4I1, COX8A, CPOX, CPT1A, CR1, ATF2, CS, CSE1L, CSF1, CSF1R, CSF3, CSPG4, CTLA4, CAPN1, CTNND1, CTRL, CX3CR1, CYB561, DAO, DBI, DCTN1, AKR1C2, GADD45A, DDIT3, DDT, DECR1, MAP3K8, COMP, COL9A3, COL9A2, CAPN2, CAPS, RUNX1T1, CBS, KYAT1, CCK, KRIT1, CCT, CD1A, CD6, MS4A1, CD36, CD81, CDK6, CDK7, CDKN2C, CDR1, CFL1, AKR1C4, CHRM3, CHRNA5, CHRNB2, CLU, CNC2, COL9A1, MAP6, MAX, AIM2, TCOF1, ABCC8, VAMP7, SYP, TACR2, TACR3, TAT, TBCA, TBP, TBX5, HNF1A, TCF3, TCF7L2, TRD, STXBP3, TMBIM6, TFAP2B, TFF3, TGFA, TGFBR3, THOP1, TLR3, TLR5, HSP90B1, TRAF6, HSP90B2P, TRPC3, SULT2A1, STAT6, TSPYL1, SLC16A1, SELENOP, SFSWAP, ST3GAL4, SIM1, SKP2, SLC1A3, SLC2A4, SLC5A2, SLC6A8, SLC8A1, SLC9A1, SLC12A2, SLC22A3, STAT1, SNAI1, SOAT1, SORL1, SOX2, SPAST, SPINK1, SPOCK1, SRI, SREBF1, SRF, SRM, TRIM21, TSNAX, PHLDA2, MBNL1, TRPA1, DEGS1, KHSRP, TNFSF11, SOCS1, DYNLL1, PEA15, TNFSF10, SUCLA2, NRP1, CFLAR, MBD2, H2AC11, NOL3, ENC1, F2RL3, ERDA1, RGN, P2RX6, SYNGR1, SLC33A1, GPR55, HMGN3, CD163, PPIG, COX5A, CDYL, HAT1, RGS5, TWIST1, GHS, UBE2D1, UBE2I, UCHL1, UCP2, UGCG, VCAM1, VLDLR, XBP1, XK, ZNF80, FZD5, MANF, MAFK, GALR3, FXR1, ARID1A, FZD1, FZD4, FZD6, H2AC13, H2AC15, H2AC16, H2AC17, MAD1L1, PLA2G6, GPR65, SDHD, CCL24, CCL18, ORM1, NOTCH2, NPC1, NPPC, NRAS, NRTN, NT5E, NTRK1, NTRK3, OAT, OCA2, TNFRSF11B, OPRL1, OTX2, NFKB1, P2RX1, P2RX5, P2RY1, P2RY2, PAH, PCBD1, SERPINA5, PCNA, PCNT, PDC, PDK1, PDPK1, NHS, NFE2, CCL5, MPG, MDH2, ME1, MEF2A, MEIS1, KITLG, MIF, MKI67, TRPM1, MME, MMP7, MMP12, MOG, MSMB, NF2, MT3, MTHFD1, MTTP, MTRR, MUC1, MUSK, MUTYH, MVD, MYBPH, MYD88, NDUFS4, NELL1, PER1, PF4, PFN1, RNH1, PTGDS, PTGS1, PTPN4, PTPRC, SERPINA3, RAPSN, REG1A, RFC2, RGS2, RGS7, RGS10, RNF5, ROS1, PGD, RPL17, RPL34, RPS6KA3, RYR1, S100A8, S100A12, SAA1, ATXN2, ATXN7, SCD, SCN8A, SCN10A, PTEN, PSPH, PSMC5, PRS, PGF, PGR, SERPINA1, PIGR, PIK3R1, PITX2, PLA2G2A, PLA2G4A, PLAG1, PLAU, PLG, PLXNB1, POLG, PPBP, PPP1R3C, PPP2CA, PPP2R2B, PRCP, PRD, PREP, PRKAR1A, PRKCB, MAP2K5, PRLR, PSPN, H3P10
-
Stomach Cancer
Wikipedia
Stomach cancer Other names Gastric cancer A stomach ulcer that was diagnosed as cancer on biopsy and surgically removed Specialty Gastroenterology Oncology Symptoms Early : Heartburn , bloating , upper abdominal pain , nausea , belching , loss of appetite . [1] Later : Weight loss , yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes , vomiting blood , difficulty swallowing , blood in the stool [1] Usual onset Over years [2] Types Gastric carcinomas, lymphoma , mesenchymal tumor [2] Causes Helicobacter pylori , genetics [2] [3] Risk factors Smoking, dietary factors such as pickled vegetables , obesity [2] [4] Diagnostic method Biopsy done during endoscopy [1] Prevention Mediterranean diet , stopping smoking [2] [5] Treatment Surgery, chemotherapy , radiation therapy , targeted therapy [1] Prognosis Five-year survival rate : < 10% (advanced cases), [6] 32% (US), [7] 71% (Japan) [8] Frequency 3.5 million (2015) [9] Deaths 783,000 (2018) [10] Stomach cancer , also known as gastric cancer , is a cancer that develops from the lining of the stomach . [11] Most cases of stomach cancers are gastric carcinomas , which can be divided into a number of subtypes including gastric adenocarcinomas . [2] Lymphomas and mesenchymal tumors may also develop in the stomach. [2] Early symptoms may include heartburn , upper abdominal pain, nausea and loss of appetite . [1] Later signs and symptoms may include weight loss , yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes , vomiting , difficulty swallowing and blood in the stool among others. [1] The cancer may spread from the stomach to other parts of the body, particularly the liver , lungs , bones , lining of the abdomen and lymph nodes . [12] The most common cause is infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori , which accounts for more than 60% of cases. [2] [3] [13] Certain types of H. pylori have greater risks than others. [2] Smoking, dietary factors such as pickled vegetables and obesity are other risk factors. [2] [4] About 10% of cases run in families, and between 1% and 3% of cases are due to genetic syndromes inherited from a person's parents such as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer . [2] Most of the time, stomach cancer develops in stages over years. [2] Diagnosis is usually by biopsy done during endoscopy . [1] This is followed by medical imaging to determine if the disease has spread to other parts of the body. [1] Japan and South Korea , two countries that have high rates of the disease, screen for stomach cancer . [2] A Mediterranean diet lowers the risk of stomach cancer, as does the stopping of smoking. [2] [5] There is tentative evidence that treating H. pylori decreases the future risk. [2] [5] If stomach cancer is treated early, it can be cured. [2] Treatments may include some combination of surgery, chemotherapy , radiation therapy and targeted therapy . [1] [14] If treated late, palliative care may be advised. [2] Some types of lymphoma can be cured by eliminating H. pylori . [15] Outcomes are often poor, with a less than 10% five-year survival rate in the Western world for advanced cases. [6] This is largely because most people with the condition present with advanced disease. [6] In the United States, five-year survival is 31.5%, [7] while in South Korea it is over 65% and Japan over 70%, partly due to screening efforts. [2] [8] Globally, stomach cancer is the fifth leading type of cancer and the third leading cause of death from cancer, making up 7% of cases and 9% of deaths. [16] In 2018, it newly occurred in 1.03 million people and caused 783,000 deaths. [10] Before the 1930s, in much of the world, including most Western developed countries, it was the most common cause of death from cancer. [17] [18] [19] Rates of death have been decreasing in many areas of the world since then. [2] This is believed to be due to the eating of less salted and pickled foods as a result of the development of refrigeration as a method of keeping food fresh. [20] Stomach cancer occurs most commonly in East Asia and Eastern Europe . [2] It occurs twice as often in males as in females. [2] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Risk factors 2.1 Infections 2.2 Smoking 2.3 Diet 2.4 Genetics 2.5 Other 3 Diagnosis 3.1 Histopathology 3.2 Staging 4 Prevention 5 Management 5.1 Surgery 5.2 Chemotherapy 5.3 Targeted therapy 5.4 Radiation 5.5 Lymphoma 6 Prognosis 7 Epidemiology 8 Other animals 9 References 10 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Endoscopic image of linitis plastica , a type of stomach cancer where the entire stomach is invaded, leading to a leather bottle-like appearance with blood coming out of it Endoscopic images of the stomach cancer in early stage. ... Studies hypothesize that increased dietary fat leading to increased pressure on the stomach and the lower esophageal sphincter, due to excess adipose tissue, could play a role, yet no statistically significant data has been collected. [39] However, the risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, with GERD present, has been found to increase more than 2 times for an obese person. [38] There is a correlation between iodine deficiency and gastric cancer. [40] [41] [42] Genetics [ edit ] About 10% of cases run in families and between 1% and 3% of cases are due to genetic syndromes inherited from a person's parents such as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer . [2] A genetic risk factor for gastric cancer is a genetic defect of the CDH1 gene known as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). ... The advantage is that it is a much smaller operation than removing the stomach. [6] Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a similar technique pioneered in Japan, used to resect a large area of mucosa in one piece. [6] If the pathologic examination of the resected specimen shows incomplete resection or deep invasion by tumor, the patient would need a formal stomach resection. [6] A 2016 Cochrane review found low quality evidence of no difference in short-term mortality between laparoscopic and open gastrectomy (removal of stomach), and that benefits or harms of laparoscopic gastrectomy cannot be ruled out. [76] Post-operatively, up to 70% of people undergoing total gastrectomy develop complications such as dumping syndrome and reflux esophagitis. [77] Construction of a "pouch", which serves as a "stomach substitute", reduced the incidence of dumping syndrome and reflux esophagitis by 73% and 63% respectively, and led to improvements in quality-of-life, nutritional outcomes, and body mass index. [77] Those with metastatic disease at the time of presentation may receive palliative surgery and while it remains controversial, due to the possibility of complications from the surgery itself and the fact that it may delay chemotherapy the data so far is mostly positive, with improved survival rates being seen in those treated with this approach. [6] [78] Chemotherapy [ edit ] The use of chemotherapy to treat stomach cancer has no firmly established standard of care . [14] Unfortunately, stomach cancer has not been particularly sensitive to these drugs, and chemotherapy, if used, has usually served to palliatively reduce the size of the tumor, relieve symptoms of the disease and increase survival time. [14] Some drugs used in stomach cancer treatment have included: 5-FU (fluorouracil) or its analog capecitabine , BCNU ( carmustine ), methyl-CCNU ( semustine ) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin), as well as mitomycin C , and more recently cisplatin and taxotere , often using drugs in various combinations. [14] The relative benefits of these different drugs, alone and in combination, are unclear. [79] [14] Clinical researchers are exploring the benefits of giving chemotherapy before surgery to shrink the tumor, or as adjuvant therapy after surgery to destroy remaining cancer cells. [6] Targeted therapy [ edit ] Recently, treatment with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( HER2 ) inhibitor, trastuzumab , has been demonstrated to increase overall survival in inoperable locally advanced or metastatic gastric carcinoma over-expressing the HER2/neu gene. [6] In particular, HER2 is overexpressed in 13–22% of patients with gastric cancer. [75] [80] Of note, HER2 overexpression in gastric neoplasia is heterogeneous and comprises a minority of tumor cells (less than 10% of gastric cancers overexpress HER2 in more than 5% of tumor cells). ... National Cancer Institute Gastric cancer treatment guidelines v t e Digestive system neoplasia GI tract Upper Esophagus Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Stomach Gastric carcinoma Signet ring cell carcinoma Gastric lymphoma MALT lymphoma Linitis plastica Lower Small intestine Duodenal cancer Adenocarcinoma Appendix Carcinoid Pseudomyxoma peritonei Colon/rectum Colorectal polyp : adenoma , hyperplastic , juvenile , sessile serrated adenoma , traditional serrated adenoma , Peutz–Jeghers Cronkhite–Canada Polyposis syndromes: JERBB2, APC, PIK3CA, FGFR2, MUTYH, KLF6, CDH1, CASP10, IRF1, MET, CDKN1A, ATM, TP53, KRAS, CDKN2A, ERBB3, AXIN2, DLC1, CDK4, BAP1, PTGS2, STAT3, RUNX3, IL1B, MTHFR, EGFR, BIRC5, IL1RN, TYMS, TNF, ZNRD1, GKN1, CCND1, GAST, FHIT, MUC1, TYMP, IL6, PRNP, MAPK1, MMP7, BRAF, CD44, PSCA, ACE, DPYD, XRCC1, UMPS, TWIST1, HMOX1, IGFBP3, JUN, MAPK3, PPARG, MYC, CHFR, SERPINE1, HOTAIR, REG4, RHOA, MIA, MMP10, PLAU, SOD2, CLDN3, ERCC2, HRAS, DCBLD2, LRRC3B, PTPRG, PYCARD, SMAD4, CDH2, CKB, FAT4, CDKN1B, KLK10, TIMP3, CAV1, WWOX, HBEGF, KISS1, PHB, DNMT3B, GSTP1, RPL15, DNMT1, BIRC2, XAF1, KRT20, ARL6IP5, LGALS3, AHR, NPM1, ING1, SPRR2A, TNFRSF9, SNAI1, ALDH1A3, SLC1A2, ALB, SNRPB, IL6R, CXCL8, ALDOB, IGFBP7, HTR1A, SREBF2, ALOX5, TAF15, APEX1, FYN, SPZ1, ZNF177, XRCC3, TUBA1C, GLI3, BDNF, ANXA5, MIR22HG, ZNF160, TPM3, MBD3L2, THBD, HNRNPL, HOXA2, TGFA, TFAP2C, HSPA8, HSPB1, HSPD1, ITGA5, ICAM2, TBX3, ID4, IDH3B, RXRB, EXOSC5, RPS26, PLIN2, PTPA, PPP2R1A, PPIC, PPIA, ADRB1, POLE, MSX1, MT2A, PRR5-ARHGAP8, PLAGL1, ZNF667-AS1, MUC6, MX1, RPS21, CCAT1, NDUFA2, NDUFS1, NDUFV1, SERPINA1, PGAM1, NOS3, NOTCH2, PDHA1, NT5E, PAX6, PA2G4, ADRB2, PREP, KMT2A, MLF1, RPS19, RPS15, RPS6, RPL18, AGTR2, KRT8, SYMPK, RORA, RGS2, RBP4, FADS1, RBP1, RARRES1, RARB, RAD23A, M6PR, PTPRF, ACTC1, MARK1, MAPK8, ATP6V0D2, AFP, PRKCB, PRKAB1, PRKAA1, RPL13, TNFSF9, ARID1A, ALDH7A1, EPHX3, CDKN2D, MRPS18B, CTSC, PRPF19, FILIP1, CLCN3, CLN3, SNX5, ACAD8, GREM1, PUS1, ZBTB20, SERBP1, CST1, PRDX5, CTNNA2, CTSL, BOP1, APOA1, FAM168A, CHEK2, WIF1, ULBP2, DDB1, GADD45A, DES, FSD1, MRPL13, DPAGT1, ABT1, RANBP10, BCL2L1, BID, BLVRB, BMP2, BMP7, BNIP3, NAXD, KMT2C, RNF43, CA1, CA2, PTOV1, CASP8, HRH4, POLR3K, MRPS11, NBAS, HIKESHI, UBR5, GMPR2, PLCE1, ZNF593, UBXN1, COPS7A, CPSF1, ATR, CCT7, CYP2A6, URM1, SELENBP1, SCRN1, MTSS1, TMEM63A, ENO1, WDR46, IL32, NOP56, ERCC1, AURKB, RRP9, SLC16A3, F2R, FCGBP, TRAP1, SUCLG1, SERPINB2, FBP1, IRS2, ZNF559, FGG, KISS1R, AKR1C3, PLPP1, FKBP2, CST7, ITGA8, AREG, ARFGAP2, EEF1A2, EEF1A1, EBI3, CNPY2, ECM1, MSLN, ECHS1, FST, TFF1, REG1A, IL6ST, ANXA1, TXNIP, MLH1, CTNNB1, TERT, AKT1, PDGFRA, MSH2, FLCN, KIT, DCC, SRC, VEGFA, HIF1A, MSH6, TERF2IP, FGFR3, BUB1B, ACD, BUB1, MC1R, POT1, SDHB, MITF, MGMT, CDKN2B, SDHC, EP300, SDHA, NRAS, PTEN, NFKB1, CDX2, MMP9, VEGFC, GSTM1, GSTT1, CASP3, ABCB1, PGC, SPP1, NOS2, MMP2, PTP4A3, HPSE, CLDN4, SOX2, TGFB1, SERPINB5, PLAUR, POSTN, WNT2, TFF2, MIR21, PPP1R1B, CXCR4, RELA, AURKA, SHH, SSTR3, H3P10, IL1A, CYP2E1, MUC4, CCKBR, FASLG, FLT1, MUC5AC, GLI1, E2F1, MUC2, ANGPT2, MAD2L1, ZFHX3, NR4A1, OGG1, CXCL12, SELE, CD34, FOLR1, ASCL2, ADAMTS1, FAS, CEACAM5, SEM1, TIMP2, TP53INP1, KRT19, TNFRSF6B, LEP, CFLAR, LEPR, IL18, SP1, CD9, TEK, HGF, HDAC1, TGFBR1, CASP6, BRCA1, PDIA3, GHRL, CIAPIN1, HLTF, WNT5A, WNT8B, BCL2, BAX, IGF1R, IL10, PRDM2, EZH2, HLA-DQB1, SMAD3, EPHB2, CYP2C19, MMP14, MMP1, POU5F1, MIR222, RASSF1, MDM2, MIR196B, PLA2G2A, ADIPOQ, MBL2, MIR27A, NGFR, KLF4, MAGEA1, PTCH1, KLRK1, IQGAP2, ARID3B, UGT1A9, DACT1, CCND2, DACH1, MZB1, CLDN18, TRAK1, RUNX1, CCNG2, DNMT3A, MPHOSPH8, ADIPOR1, HTATIP2, CA9, CCNA2, DEFB4A, UGT1A10, CXCR6, DDR1, DAPK1, CASP2, KIF2C, MAGED2, LILRB1, CBFB, FXYD5, DCN, ZFR, RAB23, DDIT3, CASP7, IGF2BP3, CD80, CD247, CACYBP, DAPK2, NOX1, TMEFF2, CCR7, FOXD3, CADM1, COL1A2, GNL3, CCN2, PRKD2, TINF2, MAPK14, CSNK1D, KLK13, SETBP1, SOSTDC1, CSNK1E, B3GAT1, DKK3, SULF1, CMA1, NELFB, IGK, KLK12, RHOBTB2, CXADR, CLCF1, CD40LG, CD81, CDC20, NNT, CDC25C, COMMD5, LPAR3, TRAC, CHEK1, DHDH, FOXN3, FOXP1, CTNNBIP1, TRPM7, PGPEP1, MIR146A, MIR145, NCR3LG1, ANKRD33, TRIM59, MRGPRX1, AGT, GPRC6A, AGTR1, DNAJB1P1, ABHD11-AS1, DDX53, OXER1, IGSF11, GATA5, CLDN23, GPR151, ALDH3A1, ANGPT1, B4GALNT2, MRGPRX4, MRGPRX3, CAVIN3, MIR15A, MIR16-1, MIR196A2, PGA3, PERCC1, ZFPM2-AS1, NNT-AS1, ADAM10, MIR1226, ADH7, ADRA1A, MIR589, MIR567, LGALS7B, MIR487A, MIR200B, ADRA2B, MIR337, MIR135B, GPR166P, VN1R17P, MIR301A, MIR25, MIR223, AP2A1, MIR200C, PGAP3, ANXA2, TSPYL5, BGN, LGR6, HIVEP3, BDKRB1, PCDH10, AICDA, ACKR3, ADAMTS9, BDKRB2, KCMF1, RPRM, CNDP2, SOX17, CEACAM1, LIMS2, URGCP, LAPTM4B, FBXW7, IMP3, CDCA8, PINX1, IMPAD1, BRS3, BACH2, BAK1, ANXA4, ABHD11, TNS4, ZNF382, SPPL2A, ANXA7, APAF1, APOE, MIEN1, AR, RHOC, DYNLRB1, RND3, BAD, COL18A1, ARHGDIB, TET1, MYCT1, ASPH, VASH2, NEIL1, ADIPOR2, ATOH1, FA2H, DUSP1, OPCML, E2F4, SAT1, SDHD, INPPL1, INSIG1, PDX1, SDC1, CXCL5, CCL22, CCL17, CCL5, CCL2, S100A11, SFRP1, S100A8, S100A6, IRAK1, RPS27, ITGB1, ITPR3, KCNA5, KCNH1, RPS13, KCNH2, SELL, SIAH1, TDGF1, SSAV1, ID1, TAZ, TACC1, TAC1, STK11, ID3, HSPA13, CFI, SSTR4, IFNGR2, SRF, IL12B, CCN1, RBPJ, SPINK1, IL2, IL11, IL12A, SMO, SLPI, SLC5A5, SLC4A2, KDR, KRT18, RPL6, PITX1, MMP11, MOS, MPO, MRE11, POU2F1, ABCC1, PLK1, PLCG2, RNR1, PKD1, PIK3CG, RPSA, CEACAM6, NEDD4, NM, NME1, NNMT, PFKFB4, PFKFB3, PFKFB2, PFKFB1, NPR1, MKI67, MIF, PRKCA, MGAT5, RNASE1, UPF1, LGALS3BP, LGALS7, LOX, RB1, LOXL2, LTA, EPCAM, PTPRZ1, PTPRA, PTK2, PTGS1, MAGEA3, PSMD10, MAL, HTRA1, KLK6, MCL1, MCM7, PRKDC, TCF7L2, TERF1, PRMT5, PROM1, PTTG1, EREG, LPAR2, PDCD5, ESR1, MTA1, SOCS3, F3, BTRC, F8, FAP, PIWIL1, FADD, ADAM23, FBLN1, HRK, BECN1, FGF7, FHL1, VEGFD, TNFSF11, IFITM1, EPHB6, RPL23, TERF2, PDCD6, YAP1, ST3GAL6, EDNRA, EFNA1, EFNB1, TNK2, EFNB2, EGF, LRPPRC, ARPC1B, REC8, PAGE4, RBX1, EPHA2, ELAVL1, EIF4A3, RASSF2, ENDOG, AKAP12, TP53I11, GDF15, PCNA, FLT4, PPM1D, RECK, THY1, GSK3B, TUBB2A, TRPC6, TPR, GSPT1, TP53BP2, TOP2A, TLR2, TIMP1, TIA1, THBS1, NR0B2, TH, TGFBR2, HOXA10, HPGD, TFF3, HSD17B2, HSPA1B, HSPA5, TFAP2A, ICAM1, GRIN2B, UPP1, VCAM1, GPR42, FZD4, FN1, FOS, TKTL1, MTOR, FRZB, NR5A2, HMGA2, XRCC6, FZD5, GATA3, GATA4, ZIC1, YES1, XRCC4, GATA6, GJB2, XDH, WNT2B, WNT1, GPI, NAT2
-
Tk2-Related Mitochondrial Dna Maintenance Defect, Myopathic Form
Gene_reviews
Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance Defects Presenting with Myopathy View in own window Gene Disorder MOI mtDNA Maintenance Defect Usual Age of Onset Common Clinical Manifestations in Addition to Muscle Weakness TK2 TK2 -related mtDNA maintenance defect, myopathic form (this GeneReview ) AR Depletion Infancy or childhood Hypotonia Loss of acquired motor skills AGK Sengers syndrome (OMIM 212350) AR Depletion Neonatal period Hypotonia Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Cataracts DGUOK Myopathy AR Multiple deletions Early or mid- adulthood Ptosis Ophthalmoplegia DNA2 Myopathy (OMIM 615156) AD Multiple deletions Childhood or early adulthood Ptosis Ophthalmoplegia MGME1 Myopathy (OMIM 615084) AR Depletion & multiple deletions Childhood or early adulthood Ptosis Ophthalmoplegia POLG2 Myopathy (OMIM 610131) AD Multiple deletions Infancy to adulthood Ptosis Ophthalmoplegia SLC25A4 Cardiomyopathy (OMIM 615418) AR Multiple deletions Childhood Exercise intolerance / easy fatigability Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy (OMIM 617184) AD Depletion Birth Hypotonia Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy AD = autosomal dominant; AR = autosomal recessive; MOI = mode of inheritance In additional to other myopathic mtDNA maintenance defects, the differential diagnosis of TK2 -related mtDNA maintenance defect includes the following disorders that cause hypotonia and progressive proximal muscle weakness: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by severe hypotonia and feeding difficulties in early infancy followed in later infancy or early childhood by excessive eating and gradual development of morbid obesity (unless eating is externally controlled). ... PWS is caused by an absence of expression of imprinted genes in the paternally derived PWS/Angelman syndrome (AS) region of chromosome 15 by one of several genetic mechanisms.
-
Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency
Gene_reviews
Treatment of manifestations: Both Wolman disease and CESD: Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with sebelipase alfa was recently approved by the FDA and is administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight every other week; this treatment can be life saving for those with severe Wolman syndrome and life improving with prolonged survival in those who have CESD. ... Residual enzyme activity levels are more significantly decreased in Wolman syndrome (≤5% of controls) compared to a generally less severe but overlapping range of loss of activity in CESD (range 2%-11% of residual activity) [Fasano et al 2012]. ... Results from a Phase III clinical trial of 66 affected individuals demonstrated that ERT can be life saving for those with severe Wolman syndrome and life improving with prolonged survival in those who have cholesterol ester storage disease [Burton et al 2015].
-
X-Linked Protoporphyria
Gene_reviews
Differential Diagnosis Other causes of the X-linked protoporphyria (XLP) phenotype include the following: Polymorphous light eruption Solar urticaria Drug-induced photosensitivity The phenotype of acquired late-onset cutaneous photosensitivity and elevated erythrocyte protoporphyrins, observed on occasion in myelodysplastic syndrome, is caused by somatic pathogenic variant(s) or chromosome 18 deletions that decrease ferrochelatase activity, presumably resulting from the genomic instability associated with this syndrome [Aplin et al 2001, Sarkany et al 2006, Blagojevic et al 2010]. Late-onset XLP with photosensitivity and elevated protoporphyrin levels has been reported in an instance of emerging myelodysplastic syndrome with somatic mosaicism of a nonsense ALAS2 variant in the bone marrow [Livideanu et al 2013].
-
Anomic Aphasia
Wikipedia
There is a considerable similarity among aphasia syndromes in terms of picture-naming behavior, however anomic aphasiacs produced the fewest phonemic errors and the most multiword circumlocutions. These results suggest minimal word-production difficulty in anomic aphasia relative to other aphasia syndromes. [20] Anomic aphasia has been diagnosed in some studies using the Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT), which tests language functioning after brain injury. ... The test is composed of four language and three performance domains. Syndrome classification is determined by the pattern of performance on the four language subtests, which assess spontaneous speech, comprehension, repetition, and naming. [23] Doing a hearing test first is important, in case the patient cannot clearly hear the words or sentences needed in the speech repetition test. [24] In the speech tests, the person is asked to repeat a sentence with common words; if the person cannot identify the word, but he or she can describe it, then the person is highly likely to have anomic aphasia.
-
Phantosmia
Wikipedia
. ^ Muffatti R, Scarone S, Gambini O (2008). "An olfactory reference syndrome successfully treated by aripiprazole augmentation of antidepressant therapy". ... S2CID 206127878 . ^ Prazeres AM, Fontenelle LF, Mendlowicz MV, de Mathis MA, Ferrao YA, de Brito NF, Diniz JB, Gonzalez CH, Quarantini LC, Marrocos RP, Miguel EC (2010). "Olfactory reference syndrome as a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder" . ... Retrieved July 3, 2012 . ^ a b Leopold DA, Loehrl TA, Schwob JE (2002b), "Long-term follow-up of surgically treated phantosmia", Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery , 128 (6): 642–647, doi : 10.1001/archotol.128.6.642 , PMID 12049557 ^ Leopold DA, Preti G, Mozell MM, Youngentob SL, Wright HN (1990), "Fish-odor syndrome presenting as dysosmia", Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery , 116 (3): 345–355, doi : 10.1001/archotol.1990.01870030118022 , PMID 2306356 ^ Zilstorff K (1966).
-
Bloodstream Infections
Wikipedia
The immune response to the bacteria can cause sepsis and septic shock , which has a high mortality rate . [7] Bacteria can also spread via the blood to other parts of the body (which is called hematogenous spread), causing infections away from the original site of infection, such as endocarditis or osteomyelitis . [ citation needed ] Treatment for bacteremia is with antibiotics , and prevention with antibiotic prophylaxis can be given in high risk situations. [8] Contents 1 Presentation 2 Causes 2.1 Gram positive bacteremia 2.2 Gram negative bacteremia 2.3 Bacteremia risk factors 3 Mechanism 4 Diagnosis 4.1 Definition 5 Treatment 5.1 Gram positive bacteremia 5.2 Gram negative bacteremia 5.3 Catheter-associated infections 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Presentation [ edit ] Bacteremia is typically transient and is quickly removed from the blood by the immune system . [6] Bacteremia frequently evokes a response from the immune system called Sepsis , which consists of symptoms such as fever , chills, and hypotension . [9] Severe immune responses to bacteremia may result in septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome , [9] which are potentially fatal. ... New York: McGraw-Hill. 2014. pp. Infectious Diseases: Syndromes and Etiologies. ISBN 9780-0-7-181821-6 – via http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx? ... "Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology" .CISH, PLAT, TIRAP, CPB2, CRP, BTBD8, PTPRG, SLC9A6, AMBP, IL6, ALB, IL10, SMUG1, CFH, TNF, SUMF2, MRTFA, TLR4, UBAC1, CAT, MBL2, FN1, SPESP1, IL1B, PTPRVP, TLR5, NOD2, LBP, VIM2P, ITGAM, SORBS1, IFNG, CD248, SAG, HAMP, IL1RN, VIM, CXCL8, ADAMTS13, PTGS2, CAP1, GPR182, COX2, ITGB2, LAMC2, SERPINB6, LNPEP, BRD4, UROD, GALNS, PAGR1, HACD1, MTCO2P12, OCLN, TLR2, CALCA, CASP3, SFTPA2, TAZ, CTAA1, CSF2, EMP1, G6PD, GAST, ABCG2, KAT5, VIP, SH3BP4, FOXD3, VTN, APBB3, VWF, TUSC2, SRA1, ZFP36, PDAP1, BRAP, LOH19CR1, PHB2, MRPS30, ST11, RTN3, ASAP2, WDHD1, TRPA1, SETD1A, CLDN1, PAPOLA, GPSM1, ACP3, SGSM3, DEFB103A, RNASEH2C, IL33, IMP4, NLRP3, PGLYRP2, DEFB104A, PCSK9, COPD, ASPG, DEFB104B, REM1, SFTPA1, CCR2, C20orf181, SYCE1L, DIP, MFT2, IS5, DEFB4B, PERCC1, GRHL2, DHDDS, IPO4, SIL1, ASAP1, CDON, IRAK4, GLRX5, PHF20, MARCHF2, IL23A, SUFU, IL17D, TLR9, XRN1, MTPAP, SPPL2B, CHPT1, PGLYRP4, MAVS, SEMA6A, KLHL1, TNMD, DEFB103B, SELPLG, VEGFA, UMOD, EGF, F2, F12, FUT2, GLI1, CXCL1, HGF, HLA-DRA, HMGB1, HSPA9, IARS1, IFNA1, IFNA13, IFNAR1, IGF1R, IL1A, IL2, IL7, IL12RB1, IL15, IL17A, EDN3, DEFB4A, DEFB1, CD68, ANGPT2, APRT, ARRB2, B2M, BAG1, SERPING1, C3, VPS51, CASP1, CHI3L1, DAPK3, ERCC8, ABCC2, CPE, CLDN7, CS, CSF3, CSH1, CSH2, CYLD, IL18, IMPA1, CXCL10, SHH, SAFB, ATXN1, SCD, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL11, ADRB2, SET, SLC25A1, RARB, SPP1, SSRP1, STAT4, TAT, TEK, TFF2, TGFB1, THBS1, TIMP1, RPS19, RAG1, INSRR, NHS, KCNMB1, LCT, LTA, MAP2, MFAP1, CXCL9, MSR1, RNR1, NFKBIE, NOS3, RAB3IL1, P2RX7, SERPINE1, REG3A, PIP, PLA2G4A, PLG, PRF1, MAPK3, PRTN3, LINC02605
-
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : O21.1 ICD - 9-CM : 643.1 MeSH : D006939 External resources MedlinePlus : 001499 v t e Pathology of pregnancy , childbirth and the puerperium Pregnancy Pregnancy with abortive outcome Abortion Ectopic pregnancy Abdominal Cervical Interstitial Ovarian Heterotopic Embryo loss Fetal resorption Molar pregnancy Miscarriage Stillbirth Oedema , proteinuria and hypertensive disorders Gestational hypertension Pre-eclampsia HELLP syndrome Eclampsia Other, predominantly related to pregnancy Digestive system Acute fatty liver of pregnancy Gestational diabetes Hepatitis E Hyperemesis gravidarum Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Integumentary system / dermatoses of pregnancy Gestational pemphigoid Impetigo herpetiformis Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Linea nigra Prurigo gestationis Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) Striae gravidarum Nervous system Chorea gravidarum Blood Gestational thrombocytopenia Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability Maternal care related to the fetus and amniotic cavity amniotic fluid Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios Braxton Hicks contractions chorion / amnion Amniotic band syndrome Chorioamnionitis Chorionic hematoma Monoamniotic twins Premature rupture of membranes Obstetrical bleeding Antepartum placenta Circumvallate placenta Monochorionic twins Placenta accreta Placenta praevia Placental abruption Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome Labor Amniotic fluid embolism Cephalopelvic disproportion Dystocia Shoulder dystocia Fetal distress Locked twins Nuchal cord Obstetrical bleeding Postpartum Pain management during childbirth placenta Placenta accreta Preterm birth Postmature birth Umbilical cord prolapse Uterine inversion Uterine rupture Vasa praevia Puerperal Breastfeeding difficulties Low milk supply Cracked nipples Breast engorgement Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder Diastasis symphysis pubis Postpartum bleeding Peripartum cardiomyopathy Postpartum depression Postpartum psychosis Postpartum thyroiditis Puerperal fever Puerperal mastitis Other Concomitant conditions Diabetes mellitus Systemic lupus erythematosus Thyroid disorders Maternal death Sexual activity during pregnancy Category
-
Plague (Disease)
Wikipedia
WHO Health topic CDC Plague map world distribution, publications, information on bioterrorism preparedness and response regarding plague Symptoms, causes, pictures of bubonic plague Classification D ICD - 10 : A20 ICD - 9-CM : 020 MeSH : D010930 DiseasesDB : 14226 External resources MedlinePlus : 000596 eMedicine : med/3381 Patient UK : Plague (disease) Orphanet : 707 v t e Diseases of poverty Diseases of poverty AIDS Malaria Tuberculosis Measles Pneumonia Diarrheal diseases Plague Neglected diseases Cholera Chagas disease African sleeping sickness Schistosomiasis Dracunculiasis River blindness Leishmaniasis Trachoma Miscellaneous Malnutrition Priority review voucher v t e Proteobacteria -associated Gram-negative bacterial infections α Rickettsiales Rickettsiaceae / ( Rickettsioses ) Typhus Rickettsia typhi Murine typhus Rickettsia prowazekii Epidemic typhus , Brill–Zinsser disease , Flying squirrel typhus Spotted fever Tick-borne Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia conorii Boutonneuse fever Rickettsia japonica Japanese spotted fever Rickettsia sibirica North Asian tick typhus Rickettsia australis Queensland tick typhus Rickettsia honei Flinders Island spotted fever Rickettsia africae African tick bite fever Rickettsia parkeri American tick bite fever Rickettsia aeschlimannii Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection Mite-borne Rickettsia akari Rickettsialpox Orientia tsutsugamushi Scrub typhus Flea-borne Rickettsia felis Flea-borne spotted fever Anaplasmataceae Ehrlichiosis : Anaplasma phagocytophilum Human granulocytic anaplasmosis , Anaplasmosis Ehrlichia chaffeensis Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia ewingii Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection Rhizobiales Brucellaceae Brucella abortus Brucellosis Bartonellaceae Bartonellosis : Bartonella henselae Cat-scratch disease Bartonella quintana Trench fever Either B. henselae or B. quintana Bacillary angiomatosis Bartonella bacilliformis Carrion's disease , Verruga peruana β Neisseriales M+ Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus Meningococcal disease , Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome , Meningococcal septicaemia M− Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus Gonorrhea ungrouped: Eikenella corrodens / Kingella kingae HACEK Chromobacterium violaceum Chromobacteriosis infection Burkholderiales Burkholderia pseudomallei Melioidosis Burkholderia mallei Glanders Burkholderia cepacia complex Bordetella pertussis / Bordetella parapertussis Pertussis γ Enterobacteriales ( OX− ) Lac+ Klebsiella pneumoniae Rhinoscleroma , Pneumonia Klebsiella granulomatis Granuloma inguinale Klebsiella oxytoca Escherichia coli : Enterotoxigenic Enteroinvasive Enterohemorrhagic O157:H7 O104:H4 Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Enterobacter aerogenes / Enterobacter cloacae Slow/weak Serratia marcescens Serratia infection Citrobacter koseri / Citrobacter freundii Lac− H2S+ Salmonella enterica Typhoid fever , Paratyphoid fever , Salmonellosis H2S− Shigella dysenteriae / sonnei / flexneri / boydii Shigellosis , Bacillary dysentery Proteus mirabilis / Proteus vulgaris Yersinia pestis Plague / Bubonic plague Yersinia enterocolitica Yersiniosis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Far East scarlet-like fever Pasteurellales Haemophilus : H. influenzae Haemophilus meningitis Brazilian purpuric fever H. ducreyi Chancroid H. parainfluenzae HACEK Pasteurella multocida Pasteurellosis Actinobacillus Actinobacillosis Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans HACEK Legionellales Legionella pneumophila / Legionella longbeachae Legionnaires' disease Coxiella burnetii Q fever Thiotrichales Francisella tularensis Tularemia Vibrionaceae Vibrio cholerae Cholera Vibrio vulnificus Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio alginolyticus Plesiomonas shigelloides Pseudomonadales Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas infection Moraxella catarrhalis Acinetobacter baumannii Xanthomonadaceae Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Cardiobacteriaceae Cardiobacterium hominis HACEK Aeromonadales Aeromonas hydrophila / Aeromonas veronii Aeromonas infection ε Campylobacterales Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacteriosis , Guillain–Barré syndrome Helicobacter pylori Peptic ulcer , MALT lymphoma , Gastric cancer Helicobacter cinaedi Helicobacter cellulitis Authority control GND : 4045326-1 LCCN : sh85102591 NDL : 00569104