-
Dicer1 Tumor Predisposition
Gene_reviews
Pituitary blastoma is a rare tumor described in children age two years and younger who may present with Cushing syndrome, ophthalmoplegia, and diabetes insipidus; ACTH levels are elevated in the majority of individuals [de Kock et al 2014a]. ... Simple renal cysts (Bosniak category I) and cystic renal dysplasia are most commonly seen in children. Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome [Toro et al 2007] is also associated with renal cysts, oncocytoma, and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. ... Multiple renal cysts may also be seen in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (see Table 3). ... Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is almost always inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, but rare examples of biallelic inheritance have been reported. 2. ... Fibrous dysplasia / McCune-Albright syndrome (FD/MAS) is not inherited. No parent of a child with FD/MAS has been demonstrated to have any significant, distinctive manifestations of the disorder.
-
Abortion In Poland
Wikipedia
Among these, 271 were for Down's syndrome without other anomalies, and 60 cases were for Patau syndrome or Edward's syndrome without other anomalies. [56] Illegal abortions [ edit ] Estimates vary as to how many illegal abortions are carried out each year.
-
Motion Sickness
Wikipedia
Motion sickness Other names Kinetosis, travel sickness, seasickness, airsickness , carsickness, simulation sickness, space motion sickness, space adaptation syndrome A drawing of people with sea sickness from 1841 Specialty Neurology Symptoms Nausea , vomiting , cold sweat, increased salivation [1] Complications Dehydration , electrolyte problems , lower esophageal tear [1] Causes Real or perceived motion [1] Risk factors Pregnancy , migraines , Meniere’s disease [1] Diagnostic method Based on symptoms [1] Differential diagnosis Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo , vestibular migraine , stroke [1] Prevention Avoidance of triggers [1] Treatment Behavioral measures, medications [2] Medication Scapolamine , dimenhydrinate , dexamphetamine [2] Prognosis Generally resolve within a day [1] Frequency Nearly all people with sufficient motion [2] Motion sickness occurs due to a difference between actual and expected motion. [1] Symptoms commonly include nausea , vomiting , cold sweat, headache, sleepiness, yawning, loss of appetite, and increased salivation . [1] Complications may rarely include dehydration , electrolyte problems , or a lower esophageal tear . [1] The cause of motion sickness is either real or perceived motion. [1] This may include from car travel, air travel, sea travel, space travel , or reality simulation . [1] Risk factors include pregnancy , migraines , and Meniere’s disease . [1] The diagnosis is based on symptoms. [1] Treatment may include behavioral measures or medications. [2] Behavioral measures include keeping the head still and focusing on the horizon . [1] Three types of medications are useful: antimuscarinics such as scopolamine , H 1 antihistamines such as dimenhydrinate , and amphetamines such as dexamphetamine . [2] Side effects, however, may limit the use of medications. [2] A number of medications used for nausea such as ondansetron are not effective for motion sickness. [2] Nearly all people are affected with sufficient motion. [1] Susceptibility, however, is variable. [1] Women are more easily affected than men. [1] Motion sickness has been described since at least the time of Hippocrates . [1] "Nausea" is from the Greek naus meaning ship. [1] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Cause 2.1 Motion felt but not seen 2.1.1 Carsickness 2.1.2 Airsickness 2.1.3 Seasickness 2.1.4 Centrifuge motion sickness 2.1.5 Dizziness due to spinning 2.1.6 Virtual reality 2.2 Motion seen but not felt 2.2.1 Space motion sickness 2.2.2 Screen images 2.2.3 Virtual reality 2.3 Motion that is seen and felt 3 Pathophysiology 3.1 Sensory conflict theory 3.2 Neural mismatch 3.3 Defense against poisoning 3.4 Nystagmus hypothesis 4 Diagnosis 5 Treatment 5.1 Behavioral measures 5.2 Medication 5.3 Alternative medicine 6 Epidemiology 7 References 8 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Symptoms commonly include nausea , vomiting , cold sweat, headache, sleepiness, yawning, loss of appetite, and increased salivation . [1] Occasionally tiredness can last for hours to days an episode of motion sickness, known as "sopite syndrome". [1] Rarely severe symptoms such as the inability to walk, ongoing vomiting, or social isolation may occur. [1] Cause [ edit ] Motion sickness can be divided into three categories: Motion sickness caused by motion that is felt but not seen, as in terrestrial motion sickness; Motion sickness caused by motion that is seen but not felt, as in space motion sickness; Motion sickness caused when both systems detect motion but they do not correspond, as in either terrestrial or space motion sickness. ... Motion sickness arising from such situations has been referred to as "visually induced motion sickness" (VIMS). [9] Space motion sickness [ edit ] Main article: Space adaptation syndrome Zero gravity interferes with the vestibular system's gravity-dependent operations, so that the two systems, vestibular and visual, no longer provide a unified and coherent sensory representation. ... Motion Sickness from MedlinePlus Motion Sickness Educational Video Classification D ICD - 10 : T75.3 ICD - 9-CM : 994.6 OMIM : 158280 MeSH : D009041 DiseasesDB : 11908 External resources eMedicine : article/2060606 v t e Motion sickness Types Airsickness Seasickness Simulator sickness Ski sickness Space adaptation syndrome Virtual reality sickness Medicine treatment Bonine Cinnarizine Dramamine Marezine Promethazine Transdermscop Related Bárány chair Sickness bag v t e Consequences of external causes Temperature Elevated Hyperthermia Heat syncope Reduced Hypothermia Immersion foot syndromes Trench foot Tropical immersion foot Warm water immersion foot Chilblains Frostbite Aerosol burn Cold intolerance Acrocyanosis Erythrocyanosis crurum Radiation Radiation poisoning Radiation burn Chronic radiation keratosis Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy Radiation acne Radiation-induced cancer Radiation recall reaction Radiation-induced erythema multiforme Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar Radiation-induced keloid Radiation-induced morphea Air Hypoxia / Asphyxia Barotrauma Aerosinusitis Decompression sickness High altitude Altitude sickness Chronic mountain sickness Death zone HAPE HACE Food Starvation Maltreatment Physical abuse Sexual abuse Psychological abuse Travel Motion sickness Seasickness Airsickness Space adaptation syndrome Adverse effect Hypersensitivity Anaphylaxis Angioedema Allergy Arthus reaction Adverse drug reaction Other Electrical injury Drowning Lightning injuries Ungrouped skin conditions resulting from physical factors Dermatosis neglecta Pinch mark Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules Sclerosing lymphangitis Tropical anhidrotic asthenia UV-sensitive syndrome environmental skin conditions Electrical burn frictional/traumatic/sports Black heel and palm Equestrian perniosis Jogger's nipple Pulling boat hands Runner's rump Surfer's knots Tennis toe Vibration white finger Weathering nodule of ear Wrestler's ear Coral cut Painful fat herniation Uranium dermatosis iv use Skin pop scar Skin track Slap mark Pseudoacanthosis nigricans Narcotic dermopathy v t e Underwater diving Diving modes Atmospheric pressure diving Freediving Saturation diving Scuba diving Snorkeling Surface oriented diving Surface-supplied diving Unmanned diving Diving equipment Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment Human factors in diving equipment design Basic equipment Diving mask Snorkel Swimfin Breathing gas Bailout gas Bottom gas Breathing air Decompression gas Emergency gas supply Heliox Nitrox Oxygen Travel gas Trimix Buoyancy and trim equipment Buoyancy compensator Power inflator Dump valve Diving weighting system Ankle weights Integrated weights Trim weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression cylinder Decompression trapeze Dive computer Diving shot Jersey upline Jonline Diving suit Atmospheric diving suit Dry suit Sladen suit Standard diving suit Rash vest Wetsuit Dive skins Hot-water suit Helmets and masks Anti-fog Diving helmet Free-flow helmet Lightweight demand helmet Orinasal mask Reclaim helmet Shallow water helmet Standard diving helmet Diving mask Band mask Full-face mask Half mask Instrumentation Bottom timer Depth gauge Dive computer Dive timer Diving watch Helium release valve Pneumofathometer Submersible pressure gauge Mobility equipment Diving bell Closed bell Wet bell Diving stage Swimfin Monofin PowerSwim Towboard Diver propulsion vehicle Advanced SEAL Delivery System Cosmos CE2F series Dry Combat Submersible Human torpedo Motorised Submersible Canoe Necker Nymph R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle SEAL Delivery Vehicle Shallow Water Combat Submersible Siluro San Bartolomeo Wet Nellie Wet sub Safety equipment Alternative air source Octopus regulator Pony bottle Bolt snap Buddy line Dive light Diver's cutting tool Diver's knife Diver's telephone Through-water communications Diving bell Diving safety harness Emergency gas supply Bailout block Bailout bottle Lifeline Screw gate carabiner Emergency locator beacon Rescue tether Safety helmet Shark-proof cage Snoopy loop Navigation equipment Distance line Diving compass Dive reel Line marker Surface marker buoy Silt screw Underwater breathing apparatus Atmospheric diving suit Diving cylinder Burst disc Diving cylinder valve Diving helmet Reclaim helmet Diving regulator Mechanism of diving regulators Regulator malfunction Regulator freeze Single-hose regulator Twin-hose regulator Full face diving mask Open-circuit scuba Scuba set Bailout bottle Decompression cylinder Independent doubles Manifolded twin set Scuba manifold Pony bottle Scuba configuration Sidemount Sling cylinder Diving rebreathers Carbon dioxide scrubber Carleton CDBA CDLSE Cryogenic rebreather CUMA DSEA Dolphin Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor FROGS Halcyon PVR-BASC Halcyon RB80 IDA71 Interspiro DCSC KISS LAR-5 LAR-6 LAR-V LARU Porpoise Ray Siebe Gorman CDBA Siva Viper Surface-supplied diving equipment Air line Diver's umbilical Diving air compressor Gas panel Hookah Scuba replacement Sea Trek Snuba Standard diving dress Escape set Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus Momsen lung Steinke hood Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment Diving equipment manufacturers AP Diving Apeks Aqua Lung America Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique Beuchat René Cavalero Cis-Lunar Cressi-Sub Dacor DESCO Dive Xtras Divex Diving Unlimited International Drägerwerk Fenzy Maurice Fernez Technisub Oscar Gugen Heinke HeinrichsWeikamp Johnson Outdoors Mares Morse Diving Nemrod Oceanic Worldwide Porpoise Sub Sea Systems Shearwater Research Siebe Gorman Submarine Products Suunto Diving support equipment Access equipment Boarding stirrup Diver lift Diving bell Diving ladder Diving platform (scuba) Diving stage Downline Jackstay Launch and recovery system Messenger line Moon pool Breathing gas handling Air filtration Activated carbon Hopcalite Molecular sieve Silica gel Booster pump Carbon dioxide scrubber Cascade filling system Diver's pump Diving air compressor Diving air filter Water separator High pressure breathing air compressor Low pressure breathing air compressor Gas blending Gas blending for scuba diving Gas panel Gas reclaim system Gas storage bank Gas storage quad Gas storage tube Helium analyzer Nitrox production Membrane gas separation Pressure swing adsorption Oxygen analyser Oxygen compatibility Decompression equipment Built-in breathing system Decompression tables Diving bell Bell cursor Closed bell Clump weight Launch and recovery system Wet bell Diving chamber Diving stage Recreational Dive Planner Saturation system Platforms Dive boat Canoe and kayak diving Combat Rubber Raiding Craft Liveaboard Subskimmer Diving support vessel HMS Challenger (K07) Underwater habitat Aquarius Reef Base Continental Shelf Station Two Helgoland Habitat Jules' Undersea Lodge Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station SEALAB Tektite habitat Remotely operated underwater vehicles 8A4-class ROUV ABISMO Atlantis ROV Team CURV Deep Drone Épaulard Global Explorer ROV Goldfish-class ROUV Kaikō ROV Kaşif ROUV Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System Mini Rover ROV OpenROV ROV KIEL 6000 ROV PHOCA Scorpio ROV Sea Dragon-class ROV Seabed tractor Seafox drone Seahorse ROUV SeaPerch SJT-class ROUV T1200 Trenching Unit VideoRay UROVs Safety equipment Diver down flag Diving shot Hyperbaric lifeboat Hyperbaric stretcher Jackstay Jonline Reserve gas supply General Diving spread Air spread Saturation spread Hot water system Sonar Underwater acoustic positioning system Underwater acoustic communication Freediving Activities Aquathlon Apnoea finswimming Freediving Haenyeo Pearl hunting Ama Snorkeling Spearfishing Underwater football Underwater hockey Underwater ice hockey Underwater rugby Underwater target shooting Competitions Nordic Deep Vertical Blue Disciplines Constant weight (CWT) Constant weight without fins (CNF) Dynamic apnea (DYN) Dynamic apnea without fins (DNF) Free immersion (FIM) No-limits apnea (NLT) Static apnea (STA) Skandalopetra diving Variable weight apnea (VWT) Variable weight apnea without fins Equipment Diving mask Diving suit Hawaiian sling Polespear Snorkel (swimming) Speargun Swimfins Monofin Water polo cap Freedivers Deborah Andollo Peppo Biscarini Sara Campbell Derya Can Göçen Goran Čolak Carlos Coste Robert Croft Mandy-Rae Cruickshank Yasemin Dalkılıç Leonardo D'Imporzano Flavia Eberhard Şahika Ercümen Emma Farrell Francisco Ferreras Pierre Frolla Flavia Eberhard Mehgan Heaney-Grier Elisabeth Kristoffersen Loïc Leferme Enzo Maiorca Jacques Mayol Audrey Mestre Karol Meyer Stéphane Mifsud Alexey Molchanov Natalia Molchanova Dave Mullins Patrick Musimu Guillaume Néry Herbert Nitsch Umberto Pelizzari Annelie Pompe Michal Risian Stig Severinsen Tom Sietas Aharon Solomons Martin Štěpánek Walter Steyn Tanya Streeter William Trubridge Devrim Cenk Ulusoy Danai Varveri Alessia Zecchini Nataliia Zharkova Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming Organisations AIDA International Scuba Schools International Australian Underwater Federation British Freediving Association Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins Performance Freediving International Professional diving Occupations Ama Commercial diver Commercial offshore diver Hazmat diver Divemaster Diving instructor Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Diving supervisor Haenyeo Media diver Police diver Public safety diver Scientific diver Underwater archaeologist Military diving Army engineer diver Clearance diver Frogman List of military diving units Royal Navy ships diver Special Boat Service United States military divers U.S. ... Vandenberg HMS Ghurka Glen Strathallan SAS Good Hope Gothenburg Herzogin Cecilie Hilma Hooker Hispania HMS Hood HMAS Hobart Igara James Eagan Layne Captain Keith Tibbetts King Cruiser SMS Kronprinz Kyarra HMS Laforey USAT Liberty Louis Sheid USS LST-507 SMS Markgraf Mikhail Lermontov HMS M2 Maine Maloja HMS Maori Marguerite SS Mauna Loa USAT Meigs Mendi USCGC Mohawk Mohegan RMS Moldavia HMS Montagu MV RMS Mulheim Nagato Oceana USS Oriskany Oslofjord P29 P31 Pedernales Persier HMAS Perth SAS Pietermaritzburg Piłsudski Pool Fisher HMS Port Napier Preußen President Coolidge PS Queen Victoria Radaas Rainbow Warrior RMS Rhone Rondo Rosehill Rotorua Royal Adelaide Royal Charter Rozi HMS Safari Salem Express USS Saratoga USS Scuffle HMS Scylla HMS Sidon USS Spiegel Grove Stanegarth Stanwood Stella HMAS Swan USS Tarpon Thesis Thistlegorm Toa Maru Torrey Canyon SAS Transvaal U-40 U-352 U-1195 Um El Faroud Varvassi Walter L M Russ Washingtonian (1913) HMNZS Wellington USS Yancey Yongala Zenobia Zealandia Zingara Cave diving sites Blauhöhle Chinhoyi Caves Devil's Throat at Punta Sur Engelbrecht Cave Fossil Cave Jordbrugrotta Piccaninnie Ponds Pluragrotta Pollatoomary Sistema Ox Bel Ha Sistema Sac Actun Sistema Dos Ojos Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich Freshwater dives Dutch Springs Ewens Ponds Little Blue Lake Training sites Capernwray Dive Centre Deepspot National Diving and Activity Centre Stoney Cove Open ocean diving Blue-water diving Black-water diving Diving safety Human factors in diving equipment design Human factors in diving safety Life-support system Safety-critical system Scuba diving fatalities Diving hazards List of diving hazards and precautions Environmental Current Delta-P Entanglement hazard Overhead Silt out Wave action Equipment Freeflow Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus Single point of failure Physiological Cold shock response Decompression Nitrogen narcosis Oxygen toxicity Seasickness Uncontrolled decompression Diver behaviour and competence Lack of competence Overconfidence effect Panic Task loading Trait anxiety Willful violation Consequences Barotrauma Decompression sickness Drowning Hypothermia Hypoxia Hypercapnia Hyperthermia Diving procedures Ascending and descending Emergency ascent Boat diving Canoe and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Scuba gas planning Diver communications Diving hand signals Diving line signals Diver voice communications Diver rescue Diver training Doing It Right Drift diving Gas blending for scuba diving Night diving Solo diving Water safety Risk management Checklist Hazard identification and risk assessment Hazard analysis Job safety analysis Risk assessment Risk control Hierarchy of hazard controls Incident pit Lockout–tagout Permit To Work Redundancy Safety data sheet Situation awareness Diving team Bellman Chamber operator Diver medical technician Diver's attendant Diving supervisor Diving systems technician Gas man Life support technician Stand-by diver Equipment safety Breathing gas quality Testing and inspection of diving cylinders Hydrostatic test Sustained load cracking Diving regulator Breathing performance of regulators Occupational safety and health Approaches to safety Job safety analysis Risk assessment Toolbox talk Housekeeping Association of Diving Contractors International Code of practice Contingency plan Diving regulations Emergency procedure Emergency response plan Evacuation plan Hazardous Materials Identification System Hierarchy of hazard controls Administrative controls Engineering controls Hazard elimination Hazard substitution Personal protective equipment International Marine Contractors Association Occupational hazard Biological hazard Chemical hazard Physical hazard Psychosocial hazard Occupational hygiene Exposure assessment Occupational exposure limit Workplace health surveillance Safety culture Code of practice Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Health and safety representative Operations manual Safety meeting Standard operating procedure Diving medicine Diving disorders List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders Cramp Motion sickness Surfer's ear Pressure related Alternobaric vertigo Barostriction Barotrauma Air embolism Aerosinusitis Barodontalgia Dental barotrauma Pulmonary barotrauma Compression arthralgia Decompression illness Dysbarism Oxygen Freediving blackout Hyperoxia Hypoxia Oxygen toxicity Inert gases Avascular necrosis Decompression sickness Isobaric counterdiffusion Taravana Dysbaric osteonecrosis High-pressure nervous syndrome Hydrogen narcosis Nitrogen narcosis Carbon dioxide Hypercapnia Hypocapnia Breathing gas contaminants Carbon monoxide poisoning Immersion related Asphyxia Drowning Hypothermia Immersion diuresis Instinctive drowning response Laryngospasm Salt water aspiration syndrome Swimming-induced pulmonary edema Treatment Demand valve oxygen therapy First aid Hyperbaric medicine Hyperbaric treatment schedules In-water recompression Oxygen therapy Therapeutic recompression Personnel Diving Medical Examiner Diving Medical Practitioner Diving Medical Technician Hyperbaric nursing Screening Atrial septal defect Effects of drugs on fitness to dive Fitness to dive Psychological fitness to dive Research Researchers in diving physiology and medicine Arthur J.
-
Ulcerative Colitis
Wikipedia
Osteoporosis may occur related to systemic inflammation, which increases the risk of bone fractures. [18] Clubbing , a deformity of the ends of the fingers, may occur. [18] Amyloidosis may occur, especially with severe and poorly controlled disease, which usually presents with protein in the urine ( proteinuria ) and nephritic syndrome . [18] Primary sclerosing cholangitis [ edit ] Ulcerative colitis has a significant association with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a progressive inflammatory disorder of small and large bile ducts . ... Fecal calprotectin is elevated in inflammatory conditions affecting the colon, and is useful in distinguishing irritable bowel syndrome (noninflammatory) from a flare in inflammatory bowel disease. [19] Fecal calprotectin is 88% sensitive and 79% specific for the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. [19] If the fecal calprotectin is low, the likelihood of inflammatory bowel disease are less than 1 percent. [13] Lactoferrin is an additional nonspecific marker of intestinal inflammation. [71] Imaging [ edit ] Imaging tests, such as x-ray or CT scan, may be helpful in assessing for complications of ulcerative colitis, such as perforation or toxic megacolon. ... Such conditions include: Crohn's disease, infectious colitis, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy, and irritable bowel syndrome . Alternate causes of colitis should be considered, such as ischemic colitis (inadequate blood flow to the colon), radiation colitis (if prior exposure to radiation therapy ), or chemical colitis .IL23R, NOD2, PTPN2, CCL20, IL1B, ICAM1, TNF, IRF5, HLA-DRB1, TNFSF15, FCGR2A, IL10, STAT3, MST1, IRGM, CARD9, IL7R, IL17REL, CCNY, ADCY7, GNA12, MMP9, GPR65, MASP2, DAP, ABCB1, CXCL8, PRDM1, CDH3, NKX2-3, IL12B, MPO, JAK2, CDH1, ECM1, RELA, HNF4A, CCR6, SLC11A1, ORMDL3, LAMB1, SLC26A3, HERC2, SPHK1, RIPK2, ARPC2, ICOSLG, IL1R2, IL10RA, CASP3, DEFA5, KIF21B, IL10RB, CXCR2, IL18RAP, PSMG1, GHRL, VCAM1, LTF, CXCR1, IKZF1, LSP1, PTGS2, DEFA6, MUC2, MMP1, FAS, PTGS1, COL18A1, TLR4, ADRB2, IL6, ATG16L1, FASLG, NFKB1, PTPN22, CD40, STAT4, IL27, NOS2, IL2RA, TNFRSF1A, SMAD3, CD28, SLC44A4, TCF4, HLA-DRA, TNFAIP3, FUT2, AHR, IL19, IL26, TNFRSF6B, IL6R, ETS1, UBE2L3, IL1R1, HLA-DQA1, CFB, ZNF365, GSDMB, ADCY3, ZFP90, TNFRSF14, ZMIZ1, BACH2, IFNGR2, IL18R1, IFNG-AS1, NFATC1, BSN, DNMT3A, KIAA1109, NOTCH1, ITGAL, PRRC2A, NR5A2, TYK2, CDKAL1, GPR35, FAM177A1, IL4, OTUD3, LURAP1L, SLC9A8, PROCR, RTF1, ATXN2L, ADGRL2, ANTXR2, CLEC16A, GCKR, GBAP1, IL9, IL1RN, TNIP1, CRB1, GLYAT, ACTR1A, TOM1, SH2B3, PNKD, IL13, IL17A, RMI2, KEAP1, NLRP3, IL17F, SETD1A, IL2, JAZF1, PARK7, ADAD1, CMC1, AMZ1, CIT, PUS10, HLA-DRB9, HORMAD2, SBNO2, FNBP1, FGFR1OP, PKIG, DENND1B, LINC01620, SLC39A11, HSPA1L, CD226, HLA-B, TBC1D9, RBM45, ZNF831, ACAD8, IFNG, ZPBP2, HIPK1, NRAD1, LRRK2, NXPE1, FNDC3A, IL1A, GPR18, RGS14, RAVER1, TNXB, NPEPPS, BRD2, RIC8B, INAVA, IGF2-AS, ATXN2, GATD3A, FOXP3, RPS6KB1, IBD5, PMP22, RDX, PTPRC, IL22, PTGIR, GABPA, PRKCQ, PRKCB, SFMBT1, SLC22A4, IL23A, BANK1, UBASH3A, ERAP1, RTEL1, TLR2, TGFB1, CCHCR1, TET2, SUOX, STK11, DPH5, HDAC7, INTS11, FAM118A, VDR, PPP2R3C, PPARG, PLCG2, ZNF300, CYTH1, CPEB4, UQCR10, NDFIP1, FIBP, DUSP16, OSMR, TSPAN14, ATG5, PLCL1, TP53, LITAF, ZGPAT, NKD1, TRIM15, IL33, ANKRD30A, SEMA6D, SP140, SKAP2, MFSD13A, PLAU, THADA, DELEC1, GAL3ST2, TMBIM1, IFIH1, KSR1, ERAP2, NFE2L2, ASAP2, NR1I2, COX2, MSH5, MPZ, ANKRD55, MAML2, CHP1, UBAC2, ALB, C5orf66, ARSA, MMP24OS, LINC01804, LINC01475, LINC01250, LINC00824, LINC01147, MTCO2P12, CELSR3, LINC00993, TEX41, LINC01185, TRAF3IP2-AS1, C1orf141, EEF1AKMT2, APEH, ERN1, NR0B1, LINC02863, CCR5AS, LINC00598, DAG1, LINC02213, DUPD1, CRP, LINC00484, CAMK2A, ACTA2, INS-IGF2, RTEL1-TNFRSF6B, SPATA48, CD6, C17orf67, IRF1-AS1, TMEM258, CTLA4, CDKN2A, CD14, MYRF, MSH5-SAPCD1, CYP21A2, CREM, MAPK1, BCL2, MLH1, IL21, MBL2, IL18, MICA, IL37, CCL11, DLG5, MIR21, MYO9B, MIR31, MYDGF, RUNX3, MIR155, JAK1, LCN2, IBD2, ESR1, TLR9, IL17D, MYD88, BPI, MIF, IBD3, GALM, GSTM1, VIP, CTNNB1, APC, STAT6, TPMT, IL5, GORASP1, TLR5, MSH2, S100A9, MTHFR, WNK1, SYT1, MIR146A, TSLP, CLDN1, IL7, CLDN2, CD80, ISG20, TFF3, KRAS, MADCAM1, CLDN7, TAC1, SOD1, XBP1, TRBV20OR9-2, VEGFA, MEFV, MMP7, CCR5, LTA, SPP1, NOD1, HMOX1, CDKN1A, AKT1, HPGDS, EGFR, EBI3, MGMT, NFKBIL1, CXCL12, PRTN3, TP63, SOCS1, LINC02605, PI3, ARMH1, CXCL5, CYP3A5, PLA2G1B, CCR9, CYP27B1, EBNA1BP2, RPSA, OCLN, HSP90B1, PSMD7, CCL2, H3P28, BTNL2, LEP, LGALS3, NFKBIA, GP2, REG4, LANCL1, CCN2, TRPV1, CA2, MMP10, FGF7, CABIN1, GSTP1, F5, NR3C1, MTFMT, SLC22A5, NAT2, DMBT1, RABEPK, GATA3, GSTT1, ARHGEF2, SOCS3, STAT1, MUC1, GSTK1, CCL26, BIN1, PAEP, F2RL1, CTF1, IRAK3, MAGI2, CXCR3, SLC25A20, KRT20, CD24, POLDIP2, SLC6A4, GDE1, CREBBP, TREM1, CRK, HLA-DRB3, TACR1, LACC1, TNFRSF1B, FHIT, CASP1, CAMP, MAPK14, PTPN11, CDKN2B-AS1, TIMP1, RNF19A, ACP1, TLR3, MIP, CLEC7A, CRHR1, MICB, HIF1A, HRAS, IL24, CDR3, S100B, LINC02210-CRHR1, MIR499A, AHSA1, TRAF3IP2, ST2, CXCL10, PPARA, PON1, DCC, ADORA3, PTGER4, PTGDS, IL15, CXCR6, ACE, ABCG2, DEFB4A, FCGR3A, IL1RL1, GRAP2, ATN1, SGSM3, IL4R, AQP8, CD163, S1PR1, SLCO6A1, PLA2G2A, CCL25, SERPINA1, LYZ, CX3CR1, MIR126, HGF, MAP2K7, SFTPD, DEFB4B, CXCR4, SELL, AIMP2, CD68, LAMC2, CD44, IBD6, HLA-DQB1, H3P10, SDC1, CX3CL1, NLRP12, MIR196A2, CEACAM5, H2AX, HAMP, ITGB1, RNF186, SOX2, SOD2, PAG1, S100A1, SFRP2, CCL5, CCL8, REG1A, CCL21, CCL24, REL, CYP26B1, CCL3, SFRP1, DEFB103B, SOAT1, OPN1LW, SLC9A3, SLC15A1, RAG2, SLC52A1, CD34, SLPI, CD86, S100A8, CDH11, MOK, STAT5A, SEMA3E, ALPI, SEC14L2, SMUG1, LY96, PANX1, ABCB6, APEX1, TAP2, NOX1, BIRC2, BIRC3, IL17B, CHST2, TCEAL1, SIRT1, IFITM3, AGER, NXF1, AGA, AFM, MPRIP, TNFSF13B, CORIN, ADORA2A, ADM, KLRK1, CARD8, RIPK3, CD160, RASSF1, SLC6A14, APOE, PER3, CFLAR, YWHAZ, TCF7L2, TCN2, TERT, CBR1, TGFBR2, EIM, TLR1, CBFA2T3, CAT, TNFAIP6, CASP9, TXN, CALCA, XRCC1, C4B, B2M, CRNKL1, RAC1, PLA2G6, KLRC4-KLRK1, USO1, RAB4B-EGLN2, CUZD1, MBTPS1, EED, RIPK1, IL20, CCND1, DUOX2, PSC, HSPA14, NAT1, MEPE, MIR215, LGALS4, MIR214, LEPR, CYP2C19, HAVCR2, MIR206, KIR3DL1, MIR19A, KDR, EGLN2, ITGAV, ITGAE, IRAK1, INSRR, IDO1, IL16, LRG1, LPL, BCL2L12, IL11, SMAD7, MUC5AC, MUC4, MUC3A, MTRR, CRH, COX1, MST1R, DEFB103A, MMP3, MMP2, MLN, MIR29A, MET, MEP1A, MDM2, MDK, ZBP1, TAGAP, DEFB1, MYOD1, HLA-G, PLB1, NPSR1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-C, HLA-A, LINC01193, GZMB, GUCA2B, GUCA2A, MLKL, FCGR3B, FGFR1, FOXO3, FLNB, FLT1, GEM, FOS, FAAH, NR4A1, NQO1, F2, MIR145, MIR143, EFNA5, MIR122, EIF4E, ELAVL2, ELF3, EPHB2, IDH1, TNC, HSPD1, HSP90AA1, HSPA4, DOCK11, MUC17, HT, CDAN1, MXI1, CYP2B6, MIR375, PCBP4, PSD, MUC3B, SLC11A2, CISH, COL2A1, MIR146B, MIR196B, CDX2, SLC12A9, NOS3, WG, TNFRSF11B, CHGA, PIK3CD, ODC1, PTPRS, PIK3CB, PIK3CA, CHI3L1, PIK3CG, PECAM1, PAK1, PKM, RNU1-1, TAAR1, B3GAT1, NSG1, SELENOS, SCYL1, SGPP2, CASZ1, LOC102723407, RIBC2, RPTOR, LANCL2, CHMP2B, MIR323B, LOC102724197, DEFB104A, TRIM58, NSFL1C, CBSL, AICDA, PART1, DNAJB5, H3P16, DUOXA2, BBC3, MIR137, MIR184, CLEC2D, ST6GALNAC1, DBNL, LAMTOR2, IGHD3-9, IGHD3-10, MIR150, MIR429, MIR448, MIR142, MIR141, IGHV3-69-1, IGHV3OR16-7, CPAMD8, KIAA1614, STK39, RABGEF1, MIR106A, MIR449A, PDCD4, EARS2, SNX20, LOC102724971, IL17C, MIB1, CGN, NAAA, LOC390714, CCNDBP1, IL34, BRINP3, TRPV3, ACKR3, LOC107987479, DNAJB1P1, PLBD2, MIR495, NLRP7, APOBEC3A, MUC20, ATF6, MAPRE1, USP12, LOC110806262, TCERG1L, MUC13, BAHD1, BMP6P1, SUCNR1, H19, CCDC88B, H3P13, H3P8, MGLL, OR10A4, STK38, LGALS14, ANKS1B, CHPT1, CST12P, SLC5A8, MIR490, KYAT3, YDJC, NUP62, AMACR, SLURP1, PADI4, COMMD1, LYRM4, ZNF281, TPTEP2-CSNK1E, CCL4L1, MACF1, RTL1, TIGAR, PARD3, GADL1, GPBAR1, ASPRV1, NCAPD3, PERCC1, FKBP15, NDUFS7, AKR1B10, LOC105379528, MARVELD2, PANX2, MLC1, CBLL2, ACSBG1, CD274, ZNF410, RMC1, HCG23, RBMXL1, CAMKMT, MIR34C, HDAC11, DHDDS, MIR34B, MIR551B, P2RY13, S1PR5, MARCHF1, TM6SF2, PROSER1, FAM217B, MIR26B, IBD22, SF3B6, SLC22A23, IBD24, LDAH, MPIG6B, MIR223, IBD26, MSMP, LINC00994, IGAN1, ANP32E, MED25, LARS1, NCKIPSD, MUL1, RNF128, EXOC3-AS1, MIR629, XRCC6P5, MUC5B, CALHM6, ABCG5, NXPE4, AFTPH, ARHGEF28, D2HGDH, HHIP, IL17RD, HPP1, UGT1A1, UGT1A7, MIR372, NUCKS1, IL25, DDIT4, PINK1, MIR650, RBM47, SMOX, TOLLIP, ZNF649, ATG9A, TERF2IP, MMP28, MKS1, FSD1, BRWD1, ARHGAP24, CHMP5, ISYNA1, MIR422A, MIR200C, MIR200B, IL17RB, ZNF77, GGTLC1, REEP6, CXCL16, EGLN3, CAVIN3, FERMT1, MIR195, MIR4728, AZIN2, MIR193A, CD207, NORAD, DEFB104B, RRM2B, HIF1A-AS2, APOBEC3A_B, CYGB, CD209, MARCHF3, FCRL3, SLC40A1, TBX21, BEST2, MDFIC, MIR192, IMPACT, F11R, CLEC4A, NT5C3A, ITCH, MAGEC2, FSD1L, TRPV2, POP5, GNB4, MAGT1, CHST15, TRPV4, H3P37, TLR8, RPAIN, TLR7, H3C9P, RAVER2, CLDN18, ACE2, TUBB6, LXN, CXADRP1, AADAT, DCTN4, ANGPTL4, IL17RC, DERL2, ASCC1, MFSD2A, ATAD1, CELIAC2, TGFB2, PADI2, MCL1, MSH6, GTF2H1, GUCY2C, GZMA, GZMM, H1-0, HCRT, HCRTR1, HDAC1, HIC1, HLA-DOA, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB4, MR1, HMGB1, HNF4G, HNMT, HP, HPGD, AGFG1, HES1, HSD11B2, HSF2, HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPA2, CXCL2, CXCL1, GPX2, FUT4, F12, FABP2, PTK2B, FAP, FASN, FCAR, FCGR1A, FGF2, FHL2, FKBP5, FPR2, FUT3, GH1, GPX1, GHR, GHSR, GLB1, GLI1, GNAO1, GNG11, GPR12, GPR15, GPER1, GPR42, FFAR2, MKNK2, DNAJB1, HTR3A, HTR7, LGALS1, KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, KLK1, KNG1, KRT1, KRT7, KRT8, LAIR1, STMN1, LCT, LGALS3BP, KCNN1, LGALS9, LRP6, LRP5, LSAMP, CYP4F3, LYN, MAD2L1, SMAD2, SMAD4, MAF, MAFD1, MAP6, KCNQ2, KCNMA1, IAPP, IL13RA2, ICAM2, IDUA, IFNA1, IFNA13, IFNGR1, IGF1, IGF1R, IGF2, IGHA1, IGHG3, IGLL2P, IL6ST, IL15RA, JUNB, TNFRSF9, ILK, ING1, INPP5D, INSR, IRAK2, IRF1, IRF4, ITGAM, ITGAX, ITPA, JAK3, F9, F3, ESR2, CALM1, BAX, BCKDHA, BCL3, TNFRSF17, BMP7, BRAF, BRS3, BUB1B, C4A, C4BPB, CA1, DDR1, CALM2, ATF4, CALM3, CAMK4, CASR, RUNX2, CBS, KYAT1, KRIT1, CCNE1, CD1A, CD19, MS4A1, CD33, ATOH1, ATF3, CD38, ALPP, AOC1, ACACA, ACAT2, ACHE, ADA, PLIN2, ADRA1A, ADRA2A, ADRA2B, AGT, AHSG, ALDOB, AMY1A, ASMT, AMY1B, AMY1C, ANXA1, ANXA2, APBA1, APOA4, APOH, AREG, ARG1, ARHGDIA, ARR3, ARRB2, CD37, CD40LG, ERBB2, DMRT1, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CD55, DAO, DAPK1, DECR1, DLD, DMD, DPEP1, CXADR, DPP4, DSG2, DUSP1, GPR183, EDNRA, EGF, EGR1, ELANE, ENG, ENO1, EPHX1, STX2, CYBA, CTBS, CD47, CCR7, CD74, CDH13, CDKN2D, CFTR, CEACAM3, CEACAM7, CHEK1, CHRNA3, CLCN2, CLU, CCR1, CCR3, CMM, VCAN, CNR1, COL6A1, MAP3K8, COX8A, CLDN4, CPOX, CRHR2, CRX, CRYGD, CRYZ, CSF2, CSNK1E, MAZ, ME1, AKAP13, MGAT5, HAT1, GAS7, BECN1, MARCO, TNFSF10, TNFRSF11A, TNFRSF10C, IL1RL2, PROM1, APLN, PER2, ARHGEF7, VNN1, SQSTM1, TAX1BP1, TRPA1, PGLYRP1, MAP3K14, PSTPIP1, LATS1, NEURL1, COX7A2L, LPAR2, GPR55, UBE4A, PPIG, ADIPOQ, IFITM1, PIK3R3, DHX16, ZAP70, TUFM, TWIST1, UCP2, NR1H2, VCL, VIM, VIPR1, BEST1, VWF, WAS, WNT11, XRCC3, ZBTB16, NR0B2, FZD5, LAP, PLA2G7, FZD3, TFPI2, TUSC3, FOSL1, NCOA3, FZD1, FZD4, LOH19CR1, ULK1, COX5A, CYP7B1, NTN1, TXNIP, TRAIP, TLR6, KLF2, CITED2, TUBA1B, NDRG1, YAP1, PRMT5, CLEC10A, FBLN5, SLC35A1, CXCL13, KHDRBS1, CDK2AP2, PLK2, NEK6, CCL27, SUB1, PRDX3, MAPRE2, LILRB4, ADAMTS13, RPP14, BVES, FAM107A, WIF1, STUB1, POP7, LY86, P2RY14, ARHGEF6, PCYT1B, GAL3ST1, GDF15, TBPL1, CXCL14, CCL4L2, CLOCK, ISG15, DCAF1, BMS1, ELMO1, SLC23A1, GDF11, NR1I3, NR1H4, NR1D2, IL18BP, MUC12, ACTR3, NAMPT, PDZK1IP1, LPAR6, TNK2, TRIM13, DDX39A, TSC1, TRAF5, TRAF3, PIK3R1, P4HB, PRDX1, SERPINE1, PRKN, PCNA, PDCD1, PDE4A, SERPINF1, PF4, PGA5, PGD, SERPINE2, PLEK, OGG1, PNN, POMC, PREP, PRKAR1A, MAPK3, MAPK8, MAPK9, MAP2K2, HTRA1, PSG2, PSMA7, PTEN, ORM2, NTRK1, PTPN6, ND4, CD99, MME, MMP12, MMP13, MMP14, MNAT1, MPG, MSH3, MSI1, MT1A, CYTB, NUDT1, MTR, NTF3, MUC6, MUTYH, MYC, MYCN, CEACAM6, NEDD9, NELL1, NEU1, NFATC2, NGF, NPR1, NT5E, PTPN4, PTX3, TPM3, TERF2, SRC, SST, SSTR4, SULT1E1, AURKA, TACR2, ADAM17, TAP1, TBXAS1, HNF1B, TCF7, ZEB1, TFF1, SPG7, TFF2, TFRC, TG, TGFA, TGM2, TIA1, TIAL1, TIMP3, TJP1, TP73, TPD52L1, TPH1, SPN, SP1, RAD51, CLEC11A, RAP1A, RARRES2, PLAAT4, UPF1, RNASE2, RNASE3, RNU1-4, RPGR, RPLP2, RPS19, S100A12, SAT1, SCNN1B, SMPD1, SCNN1G, CCL4, CXCL6, SELE, SELPLG, SETMAR, SGK1, SLC1A5, SLC3A2, SLC9A1, SLC16A1, SMO, H3P40
-
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Wikipedia
Patients with asthma and symptoms of ongoing infection, who do not respond to antibiotic treatment, should be suspected of ABPA. [2] Pathophysiology [ edit ] Aspergillus spores are small (2–3 μm in diameter) and can penetrate deep into the respiratory system to the alveolar level. [4] [5] In healthy people, innate and adaptive immune responses are triggered by various immune cells (notably neutrophils , resident alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells ) drawn to the site of infection by numerous inflammatory cytokines and neutrophilic attractants (such as CXCR2 receptor ligands). [6] In this situation, mucociliary clearance is initiated and spores are successfully phagocytosed , clearing the infection from the host. [4] [7] In people with predisposing lung diseases—such as persistent asthma or cystic fibrosis (or rarer diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease or Hyper-IgE syndrome )—several factors lead to an increased risk of ABPA. [8] These include immune factors (such as atopy or immunogenic HLA -restricted phenotypes ), [9] [10] as well as genetic factors (such as CFTR gene mutations in both asthmatics and cystic fibrosis patients and a ZNF77 mutation resulting in a premature stop codon in asthmatics and ABPA patients). [11] [7] [12] By allowing Aspergillus spores to persist in pulmonary tissues, it permits successful germination which leads to hyphae growing in mucus plugs. ... Furthermore, in concurrent use with itraconazole, there is potential for drug interaction and the induction of Cushing syndrome in rare instances. Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis , can also be induced. [27] [28] In order to mitigate these risks, corticosteroid doses are decreased biweekly assuming no further progression of disease after each reduction. ... "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and related allergic syndromes". Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . 32 (6): 682–92. doi : 10.1055/s-0031-1295716 . ... Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasmosis Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis Histoplasma duboisii African histoplasmosis Lacazia loboi Lobomycosis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Paracoccidioidomycosis Other Blastomyces dermatitidis Blastomycosis North American blastomycosis South American blastomycosis Sporothrix schenckii Sporotrichosis Talaromyces marneffei Talaromycosis Yeast -like Candida albicans Candidiasis Oral Esophageal Vulvovaginal Chronic mucocutaneous Antibiotic candidiasis Candidal intertrigo Candidal onychomycosis Candidal paronychia Candidid Diaper candidiasis Congenital cutaneous candidiasis Perianal candidiasis Systemic candidiasis Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica C. auris C. glabrata C. lusitaniae C. tropicalis Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumocystosis Pneumocystis pneumonia Mold -like Aspergillus Aspergillosis Aspergilloma Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Primary cutaneous aspergillosis Exophiala jeanselmei Eumycetoma Fonsecaea pedrosoi / Fonsecaea compacta / Phialophora verrucosa Chromoblastomycosis Geotrichum candidum Geotrichosis Pseudallescheria boydii Allescheriasis Basidiomycota Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcosis Trichosporon spp Trichosporonosis Zygomycota ( Zygomycosis ) Mucorales ( Mucormycosis ) Rhizopus oryzae Mucor indicus Lichtheimia corymbifera Syncephalastrum racemosum Apophysomyces variabilis Entomophthorales ( Entomophthoramycosis ) Basidiobolus ranarum Basidiobolomycosis Conidiobolus coronatus / Conidiobolus incongruus Conidiobolomycosis Microsporidia ( Microsporidiosis ) Enterocytozoon bieneusi / Encephalitozoon intestinalis Mesomycetozoea Rhinosporidium seeberi Rhinosporidiosis Ungrouped Alternariosis Fungal folliculitis Fusarium Fusariosis Granuloma gluteale infantum Hyalohyphomycosis Otomycosis Phaeohyphomycosis v t e Diseases of the respiratory system Upper RT (including URTIs , common cold ) Head sinuses Sinusitis nose Rhinitis Vasomotor rhinitis Atrophic rhinitis Hay fever Nasal polyp Rhinorrhea nasal septum Nasal septum deviation Nasal septum perforation Nasal septal hematoma tonsil Tonsillitis Adenoid hypertrophy Peritonsillar abscess Neck pharynx Pharyngitis Strep throat Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Retropharyngeal abscess larynx Croup Laryngomalacia Laryngeal cyst Laryngitis Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Laryngospasm vocal cords Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Vocal fold nodule Vocal fold paresis Vocal cord dysfunction epiglottis Epiglottitis trachea Tracheitis Laryngotracheal stenosis Lower RT / lung disease (including LRTIs ) Bronchial / obstructive acute Acute bronchitis chronic COPD Chronic bronchitis Acute exacerbation of COPD ) Asthma ( Status asthmaticus Aspirin-induced Exercise-induced Bronchiectasis Cystic fibrosis unspecified Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis obliterans Diffuse panbronchiolitis Interstitial / restrictive ( fibrosis ) External agents/ occupational lung disease Pneumoconiosis Aluminosis Asbestosis Baritosis Bauxite fibrosis Berylliosis Caplan's syndrome Chalicosis Coalworker's pneumoconiosis Siderosis Silicosis Talcosis Byssinosis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Bagassosis Bird fancier's lung Farmer's lung Lycoperdonosis Other ARDS Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema Pulmonary edema Löffler's syndrome / Eosinophilic pneumonia Respiratory hypersensitivity Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Hamman-Rich syndrome Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Sarcoidosis Vaping-associated pulmonary injury Obstructive / Restrictive Pneumonia / pneumonitis By pathogen Viral Bacterial Pneumococcal Klebsiella Atypical bacterial Mycoplasma Legionnaires' disease Chlamydiae Fungal Pneumocystis Parasitic noninfectious Chemical / Mendelson's syndrome Aspiration / Lipid By vector/route Community-acquired Healthcare-associated Hospital-acquired By distribution Broncho- Lobar IIP UIP DIP BOOP-COP NSIP RB Other Atelectasis circulatory Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary embolism Lung abscess Pleural cavity / mediastinum Pleural disease Pleuritis/pleurisy Pneumothorax / Hemopneumothorax Pleural effusion Hemothorax Hydrothorax Chylothorax Empyema/pyothorax Malignant Fibrothorax Mediastinal disease Mediastinitis Mediastinal emphysema Other/general Respiratory failure Influenza Common cold SARS Coronavirus disease 2019 Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis v t e Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases Type I / allergy / atopy ( IgE ) Foreign Atopic eczema Allergic urticaria Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever) Allergic asthma Anaphylaxis Food allergy common allergies include: Milk Egg Peanut Tree nut Seafood Soy Wheat Penicillin allergy Autoimmune Eosinophilic esophagitis Type II / ADCC IgM IgG Foreign Hemolytic disease of the newborn Autoimmune Cytotoxic Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris Rheumatic fever Goodpasture syndrome Guillain–Barré syndrome " Type V "/ receptor Graves' disease Myasthenia gravis Pernicious anemia Type III ( Immune complex ) Foreign Henoch–Schönlein purpura Hypersensitivity vasculitis Reactive arthritis Farmer's lung Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Serum sickness Arthus reaction Autoimmune Systemic lupus erythematosus Subacute bacterial endocarditis Rheumatoid arthritis Type IV / cell-mediated ( T cells ) Foreign Allergic contact dermatitis Mantoux test Autoimmune Diabetes mellitus type 1 Hashimoto's thyroiditis Multiple sclerosis Coeliac disease Giant-cell arteritis Postorgasmic illness syndrome Reactive arthritis GVHD Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease Unknown/ multiple Foreign Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Transplant rejection Latex allergy (I+IV) Autoimmune Sjögren syndrome Autoimmune hepatitis Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome APS1 APS2 Autoimmune adrenalitis Systemic autoimmune disease
-
Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis
Wikipedia
Spasticity is not as prevalent in tumefactive cases, because in standard MS it is caused by demyelination or inflammation in the motor areas of the brain or the spinal cord. [8] This upper motor neuron syndrome appears when motor control of skeletal muscles is affected due to damage to the efferent motor pathways . ... When the demyelinating lesion appears alone it has been termed "solitary sclerosis" This variant was first proposed (2012) by Mayo Clinic researches. [4] though it was also reported by other groups more or less at the same time. [49] [50] It is defined as isolated demyelinating lesions which produce a progressive myelopathy similar to primary progressive MS, [51] [52] [53] and is currently considered inside the Tumefactive Multiple sclerosis . [5] Some groups have reported some kind of response of this variant to biotin [54] solitary pontine lesion [ edit ] Syndrome consisting in solitary lesions uniformly located along the trigeminal pontine pathway, producing trigeminal neuralgia (TN). ... J., Rio J., Diaz-Villoslada P., Brieva L.; et al. (2000). "Isolated demyelinating syndromes: comparison of different MR imaging criteria to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis". ... Kermode Wei Qiu, Brain histopathological study and prognosis in MOG antibody‐associated demyelinating pseudotumor, 08 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.712 v t e Multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system Signs and symptoms Ataxia Depression Diplopia Dysarthria Dysphagia Fatigue Incontinence Nystagmus Optic neuritis Pain Uhthoff's phenomenon Investigations and diagnosis Multiple sclerosis diagnosis McDonald criteria Poser criteria Clinical Clinically isolated syndrome Expanded Disability Status Scale Serological and CSF Oligoclonal bands Radiological Radiologically isolated syndrome Lesional demyelinations of the central nervous system Dawson's fingers Approved [ by whom? ] treatment Management of multiple sclerosis Alemtuzumab Cladribine Dimethyl fumarate Fingolimod Glatiramer acetate Interferon beta-1a Interferon beta-1b Mitoxantrone Natalizumab Ocrelizumab Ozanimod Siponimod Teriflunomide Other treatments Former Daclizumab Multiple sclerosis research Demyleinating diseases Autoimmune Multiple sclerosis Neuromyelitis optica Diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis Inflammatory Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis MOG antibody disease Balo concentric sclerosis Marburg acute multiple sclerosis Neuromyelitis optica Diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis Tumefactive multiple sclerosis Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Hereditary Adrenoleukodystrophy Alexander disease Canavan disease Krabbe disease Metachromatic leukodystrophy Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts CAMFAK syndrome Other Central pontine myelinolysis Marchiafava–Bignami disease Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome Other List of multiple sclerosis organizations List of people with multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis drug pipeline Pathophysiology v t e Diseases of the nervous system , primarily CNS Inflammation Brain Encephalitis Viral encephalitis Herpesviral encephalitis Limbic encephalitis Encephalitis lethargica Cavernous sinus thrombosis Brain abscess Amoebic Brain and spinal cord Encephalomyelitis Acute disseminated Meningitis Meningoencephalitis Brain / encephalopathy Degenerative Extrapyramidal and movement disorders Basal ganglia disease Parkinsonism PD Postencephalitic NMS PKAN Tauopathy PSP Striatonigral degeneration Hemiballismus HD OA Dyskinesia Dystonia Status dystonicus Spasmodic torticollis Meige's Blepharospasm Athetosis Chorea Choreoathetosis Myoclonus Myoclonic epilepsy Akathisia Tremor Essential tremor Intention tremor Restless legs Stiff-person Dementia Tauopathy Alzheimer's Early-onset Primary progressive aphasia Frontotemporal dementia / Frontotemporal lobar degeneration Pick's Dementia with Lewy bodies Posterior cortical atrophy Vascular dementia Mitochondrial disease Leigh syndrome Demyelinating Autoimmune Inflammatory Multiple sclerosis For more detailed coverage, see Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS Episodic/ paroxysmal Seizures and epilepsy Focal Generalised Status epilepticus For more detailed coverage, see Template:Epilepsy Headache Migraine Cluster Tension For more detailed coverage, see Template:Headache Cerebrovascular TIA Stroke For more detailed coverage, see Template:Cerebrovascular diseases Other Sleep disorders For more detailed coverage, see Template:Sleep CSF Intracranial hypertension Hydrocephalus Normal pressure hydrocephalus Choroid plexus papilloma Idiopathic intracranial hypertension Cerebral edema Intracranial hypotension Other Brain herniation Reye syndrome Hepatic encephalopathy Toxic encephalopathy Hashimoto's encephalopathy Both/either Degenerative SA Friedreich's ataxia Ataxia–telangiectasia MND UMN only: Primary lateral sclerosis Pseudobulbar palsy Hereditary spastic paraplegia LMN only: Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies Spinal muscular atrophies SMA SMAX1 SMAX2 DSMA1 Congenital DSMA Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED) SMALED1 SMALED2A SMALED2B SMA-PCH SMA-PME Progressive muscular atrophy Progressive bulbar palsy Fazio–Londe Infantile progressive bulbar palsy both: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
-
Athlete's Foot
Wikipedia
Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasmosis Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis Histoplasma duboisii African histoplasmosis Lacazia loboi Lobomycosis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Paracoccidioidomycosis Other Blastomyces dermatitidis Blastomycosis North American blastomycosis South American blastomycosis Sporothrix schenckii Sporotrichosis Talaromyces marneffei Talaromycosis Yeast -like Candida albicans Candidiasis Oral Esophageal Vulvovaginal Chronic mucocutaneous Antibiotic candidiasis Candidal intertrigo Candidal onychomycosis Candidal paronychia Candidid Diaper candidiasis Congenital cutaneous candidiasis Perianal candidiasis Systemic candidiasis Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica C. auris C. glabrata C. lusitaniae C. tropicalis Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumocystosis Pneumocystis pneumonia Mold -like Aspergillus Aspergillosis Aspergilloma Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Primary cutaneous aspergillosis Exophiala jeanselmei Eumycetoma Fonsecaea pedrosoi / Fonsecaea compacta / Phialophora verrucosa Chromoblastomycosis Geotrichum candidum Geotrichosis Pseudallescheria boydii Allescheriasis Basidiomycota Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcosis Trichosporon spp Trichosporonosis Zygomycota ( Zygomycosis ) Mucorales ( Mucormycosis ) Rhizopus oryzae Mucor indicus Lichtheimia corymbifera Syncephalastrum racemosum Apophysomyces variabilis Entomophthorales ( Entomophthoramycosis ) Basidiobolus ranarum Basidiobolomycosis Conidiobolus coronatus / Conidiobolus incongruus Conidiobolomycosis Microsporidia ( Microsporidiosis ) Enterocytozoon bieneusi / Encephalitozoon intestinalis Mesomycetozoea Rhinosporidium seeberi Rhinosporidiosis Ungrouped Alternariosis Fungal folliculitis Fusarium Fusariosis Granuloma gluteale infantum Hyalohyphomycosis Otomycosis Phaeohyphomycosis v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis Squamous-cell carcinoma Basal-cell carcinoma Merkel-cell carcinoma Nevus sebaceous Trichoepithelioma Pigmented Freckles Lentigo Melasma Nevus Melanoma Dermal and subcutaneous Epidermal inclusion cyst Hemangioma Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma) Keloid Lipoma Neurofibroma Xanthoma Kaposi's sarcoma Infantile digital fibromatosis Granular cell tumor Leiomyoma Lymphangioma circumscriptum Myxoid cyst Rashes With epidermal involvement Eczematous Contact dermatitis Atopic dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis Stasis dermatitis Lichen simplex chronicus Darier's disease Glucagonoma syndrome Langerhans cell histiocytosis Lichen sclerosus Pemphigus foliaceus Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome Zinc deficiency Scaling Psoriasis Tinea ( Corporis Cruris Pedis Manuum Faciei ) Pityriasis rosea Secondary syphilis Mycosis fungoides Systemic lupus erythematosus Pityriasis rubra pilaris Parapsoriasis Ichthyosis Blistering Herpes simplex Herpes zoster Varicella Bullous impetigo Acute contact dermatitis Pemphigus vulgaris Bullous pemphigoid Dermatitis herpetiformis Porphyria cutanea tarda Epidermolysis bullosa simplex Papular Scabies Insect bite reactions Lichen planus Miliaria Keratosis pilaris Lichen spinulosus Transient acantholytic dermatosis Lichen nitidus Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta Pustular Acne vulgaris Acne rosacea Folliculitis Impetigo Candidiasis Gonococcemia Dermatophyte Coccidioidomycosis Subcorneal pustular dermatosis Hypopigmented Tinea versicolor Vitiligo Pityriasis alba Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation Tuberous sclerosis Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis Leprosy Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides Without epidermal involvement Red Blanchable Erythema Generalized Drug eruptions Viral exanthems Toxic erythema Systemic lupus erythematosus Localized Cellulitis Abscess Boil Erythema nodosum Carcinoid syndrome Fixed drug eruption Specialized Urticaria Erythema ( Multiforme Migrans Gyratum repens Annulare centrifugum Ab igne ) Nonblanchable Purpura Macular Thrombocytopenic purpura Actinic/solar purpura Papular Disseminated intravascular coagulation Vasculitis Indurated Scleroderma / morphea Granuloma annulare Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus Necrobiosis lipoidica Miscellaneous disorders Ulcers Hair Telogen effluvium Androgenic alopecia Alopecia areata Systemic lupus erythematosus Tinea capitis Loose anagen syndrome Lichen planopilaris Folliculitis decalvans Acne keloidalis nuchae Nail Onychomycosis Psoriasis Paronychia Ingrown nail Mucous membrane Aphthous stomatitis Oral candidiasis Lichen planus Leukoplakia Pemphigus vulgaris Mucous membrane pemphigoid Cicatricial pemphigoid Herpesvirus Coxsackievirus Syphilis Systemic histoplasmosis Squamous-cell carcinoma Authority control NDL : 00564922
-
Obesity In The Middle East And North Africa
Wikipedia
Subsequently, some call this trend the New World Syndrome . [3] The lifestyle changes associated with the discovery of oil and the subsequent increase in wealth is one contributing factor. ... Another factor of obesity risk is prevalence of the cultural notion that a fat child is healthy, while a thin one is sick. [32] Childhood obesity in UAE may be linked to excessive use of technology as 9 in 10 children have access to handheld devices. [33] Iran [ edit ] In 1988, Iran was one of the top seven countries with the highest rate of childhood obesity. [7] In 2005, 33.7% of adults were at risk of developing metabolic syndrome . Eight million Iranians already live with this syndrome. [34] In 1995, 24.7% of boys and 26.8% of girls age 6 were overweight. [12] One of the major reasons for increased obesity is urbanization. ... Effect of a Community-Based Intervention on Nutrition Behaviour in a Developing Country Setting: The Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme . ^ Sarrafzadegan, Nizal (2008). Metabolic Syndrome: An Emerging Public Health Problem in Iranian Women: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program . ^ "Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 2008" (PDF) .
-
Nitrogen Narcosis
Wikipedia
Other effects include vertigo and visual or auditory disturbances. The syndrome may cause exhilaration, giddiness, extreme anxiety, depression, or paranoia , depending on the individual diver and the diver's medical or personal history. ... Although helium is the least intoxicating of the breathing gases, at greater depths it can cause high pressure nervous syndrome , a still mysterious but apparently unrelated phenomenon. [45] Inert gas narcosis is only one factor influencing the choice of gas mixture; the risks of decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity, cost, and other factors are also important. [46] Because of similar and additive effects, divers should avoid sedating medications and drugs, such as cannabis and alcohol before any dive. ... Retrieved 2008-06-10 . ^ Bennett, Peter; Rostain, Jean Claude (2003). "The High Pressure Nervous Syndrome". In Brubakk, Alf O; Neuman, Tom S (eds.). ... Vandenberg HMS Ghurka Glen Strathallan SAS Good Hope Gothenburg Herzogin Cecilie Hilma Hooker Hispania HMS Hood HMAS Hobart Igara James Eagan Layne Captain Keith Tibbetts King Cruiser SMS Kronprinz Kyarra HMS Laforey USAT Liberty Louis Sheid USS LST-507 SMS Markgraf Mikhail Lermontov HMS M2 Maine Maloja HMS Maori Marguerite SS Mauna Loa USAT Meigs Mendi USCGC Mohawk Mohegan RMS Moldavia HMS Montagu MV RMS Mulheim Nagato Oceana USS Oriskany Oslofjord P29 P31 Pedernales Persier HMAS Perth SAS Pietermaritzburg Piłsudski Pool Fisher HMS Port Napier Preußen President Coolidge PS Queen Victoria Radaas Rainbow Warrior RMS Rhone Rondo Rosehill Rotorua Royal Adelaide Royal Charter Rozi HMS Safari Salem Express USS Saratoga USS Scuffle HMS Scylla HMS Sidon USS Spiegel Grove Stanegarth Stanwood Stella HMAS Swan USS Tarpon Thesis Thistlegorm Toa Maru Torrey Canyon SAS Transvaal U-40 U-352 U-1195 Um El Faroud Varvassi Walter L M Russ Washingtonian (1913) HMNZS Wellington USS Yancey Yongala Zenobia Zealandia Zingara Cave diving sites Blauhöhle Chinhoyi Caves Devil's Throat at Punta Sur Engelbrecht Cave Fossil Cave Jordbrugrotta Piccaninnie Ponds Pluragrotta Pollatoomary Sistema Ox Bel Ha Sistema Sac Actun Sistema Dos Ojos Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich Freshwater dives Dutch Springs Ewens Ponds Little Blue Lake Training sites Capernwray Dive Centre Deepspot National Diving and Activity Centre Stoney Cove Open ocean diving Blue-water diving Black-water diving Diving safety Human factors in diving equipment design Human factors in diving safety Life-support system Safety-critical system Scuba diving fatalities Diving hazards List of diving hazards and precautions Environmental Current Delta-P Entanglement hazard Overhead Silt out Wave action Equipment Freeflow Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus Single point of failure Physiological Cold shock response Decompression Nitrogen narcosis Oxygen toxicity Seasickness Uncontrolled decompression Diver behaviour and competence Lack of competence Overconfidence effect Panic Task loading Trait anxiety Willful violation Consequences Barotrauma Decompression sickness Drowning Hypothermia Hypoxia Hypercapnia Hyperthermia Diving procedures Ascending and descending Emergency ascent Boat diving Canoe and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Scuba gas planning Diver communications Diving hand signals Diving line signals Diver voice communications Diver rescue Diver training Doing It Right Drift diving Gas blending for scuba diving Night diving Solo diving Water safety Risk management Checklist Hazard identification and risk assessment Hazard analysis Job safety analysis Risk assessment Risk control Hierarchy of hazard controls Incident pit Lockout–tagout Permit To Work Redundancy Safety data sheet Situation awareness Diving team Bellman Chamber operator Diver medical technician Diver's attendant Diving supervisor Diving systems technician Gas man Life support technician Stand-by diver Equipment safety Breathing gas quality Testing and inspection of diving cylinders Hydrostatic test Sustained load cracking Diving regulator Breathing performance of regulators Occupational safety and health Approaches to safety Job safety analysis Risk assessment Toolbox talk Housekeeping Association of Diving Contractors International Code of practice Contingency plan Diving regulations Emergency procedure Emergency response plan Evacuation plan Hazardous Materials Identification System Hierarchy of hazard controls Administrative controls Engineering controls Hazard elimination Hazard substitution Personal protective equipment International Marine Contractors Association Occupational hazard Biological hazard Chemical hazard Physical hazard Psychosocial hazard Occupational hygiene Exposure assessment Occupational exposure limit Workplace health surveillance Safety culture Code of practice Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Health and safety representative Operations manual Safety meeting Standard operating procedure Diving medicine Diving disorders List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders Cramp Motion sickness Surfer's ear Pressure related Alternobaric vertigo Barostriction Barotrauma Air embolism Aerosinusitis Barodontalgia Dental barotrauma Pulmonary barotrauma Compression arthralgia Decompression illness Dysbarism Oxygen Freediving blackout Hyperoxia Hypoxia Oxygen toxicity Inert gases Avascular necrosis Decompression sickness Isobaric counterdiffusion Taravana Dysbaric osteonecrosis High-pressure nervous syndrome Hydrogen narcosis Nitrogen narcosis Carbon dioxide Hypercapnia Hypocapnia Breathing gas contaminants Carbon monoxide poisoning Immersion related Asphyxia Drowning Hypothermia Immersion diuresis Instinctive drowning response Laryngospasm Salt water aspiration syndrome Swimming-induced pulmonary edema Treatment Demand valve oxygen therapy First aid Hyperbaric medicine Hyperbaric treatment schedules In-water recompression Oxygen therapy Therapeutic recompression Personnel Diving Medical Examiner Diving Medical Practitioner Diving Medical Technician Hyperbaric nursing Screening Atrial septal defect Effects of drugs on fitness to dive Fitness to dive Psychological fitness to dive Research Researchers in diving physiology and medicine Arthur J.
-
Emerging Infectious Disease
Wikipedia
Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV, category B) Tick-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses (category C) Bunyaviruses : Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome virus (SFTSV), Heartland virus Flaviviruses : Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus , Alkhurma virus , Kyasanur Forest virus (reclassified from B to C) Powassan virus (Deer Tick virus, category C) Chikungunya virus (category B) Coccidioides species (category C) Human coronavirus HKU1 (category C) Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (category C) Anaplasmosis Aspergillus BK virus Bordetella pertussis Borrelia miyamotoi Clostridium difficile Cryptococcus gattii Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus faecalis Enterovirus 68 JC virus Leptospirosis Measles Mucormycosis Mumps virus Poliovirus Zika virus (category B) NIAID also monitors antibiotic resistance , which can become an emerging threat for many pathogens. ... PMID 11864151 . ^ a b "The 2019–2020 Novel Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) Pandemic: A Joint American College of Academic International Medicine‑World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine Multidisciplinary COVID‑19 Working Group Consensus Paper" .
-
Hiv/aids In Rwanda
Wikipedia
While stigma continues to be a problem for people living with HIV/AIDS, the situation is slowly improving due to good information sharing at all levels about HIV/AIDS. [2] The President Paul Kagame has made many efforts in improving the situation, through different awareness raising initiatives. [1] Contents 1 Overview 1.1 History and emergence in Africa 1.2 Emergence and prevalence of HIV in Rwanda 2 National policy and programmatic responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic 2.1 History of Rwanda's HIV/AIDS response 2.1.1 Early responses 2.1.2 The 1990–1994 civil war and genocide 2.1.3 Rebuilding after the civil War 2.1.4 HIV/AIDS policies and programs in the past 2.2 Current legal and policy framework 2.2.1 Second National Strategic Plan on HIV and AIDS (National Strategic Plan 2013–2018) [16] 2.2.2 Other relevant legislation and policy 3 HIV interventions and achievements 3.1 Prevention 3.1.1 Testing and counseling programs 3.1.2 Condom distribution 3.1.3 Circumcision 3.1.4 Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) 3.2 Care, treatment, and support 4 Current challenges in the HIV/AIDS response 4.1 External donor funding 4.2 Stigma 4.3 Targeting subpopulations 5 Financing for the national HIV response 5.1 Key development partners 5.2 Rwanda fiscal year 2011–2012 5.3 Rwanda fiscal year 2012–2013 6 See also 7 References Overview [ edit ] History and emergence in Africa [ edit ] Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease comprising associated conditions caused by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. ... P.; Clumeck, N. (1984-07-14). "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Rwanda". Lancet . 2 (8394): 62–65. doi : 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)90240-x . ... USAID. v t e HIV/AIDS in Africa Sovereign states Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde (Cabo Verde) Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini (Swaziland) Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe States with limited recognition Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland Dependencies and other territories Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) v t e HIV / AIDS topics HIV/AIDS HIV HIV Lentivirus structure and genome subtypes CDC classification disease progression rates HIV/AIDS diagnosis management pathophysiology prevention research vaccination PrEP WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease Children Teens / Adults Countries by AIDS prevalence rate Conditions Signs and symptoms AIDS-defining clinical condition Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome Lipodystrophy Nephropathy Neurocognitive disorders Pruritus Superinfection Tuberculosis co-infection HIV Drug Resistance Database Innate resistance to HIV Serostatus HIV-positive people Nutrition Pregnancy History History Epidemiology Multiple sex partners Timeline AIDS Museum Timothy Ray Brown Women and HIV/AIDS Social AIDS orphan Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS Circumcision and HIV Criminal transmission Discrimination against people Economic impact Cost of treatment HIV-affected community HIV/AIDS activism HIV/AIDS denialism Red ribbon Safe sex Sex education List of HIV-positive people People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement HIV/AIDS in the porn industry Culture Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories International AIDS Conference International AIDS Society Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) The SING Campaign Solidays Treatment Action Campaign World AIDS Day YAA/Youthforce "Free Me" Larry Kramer Gay Men's Health Crisis ACT UP Silence=Death Project HIV/AIDS pandemic by region / country Africa Angola Benin Botswana Democratic Republic of the Congo Egypt Eswatini Ethiopia Ghana Guinea Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Tanzania South Africa Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe North America Canada Mexico El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua United States New York City Caribbean Haiti Jamaica Dominican Republic South America Bolivia Brazil Colombia Guyana Peru Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China (PRC) ( Yunnan ) East Timor India Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Jordan North Korea Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Burma) Nepal Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Taiwan (ROC) Thailand United Arab Emirates Turkey Vietnam Europe United Kingdom Russia Ukraine Oceania Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
-
Mumps
Wikipedia
Otherwise, mumps is not associated with birth defects. [11] [13] Other rare complications of infection include: paralysis, seizures, cranial nerve palsies, cerebellar ataxia , transverse myelitis , ascending polyradiculitis , a polio -like disease, arthropathy , autoimmune hemolytic anemia , [5] idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura , Guillain–Barré syndrome , post-infectious encephalitis [13] encephalomyelitis , [17] and hemophagocytic syndrome . [10] At least one complication occurs in combination with the standard mumps symptoms in up to 42% of cases. [10] Mumps has also been connected to the onset of type 1 diabetes , and, relatedly, the mumps virus is able to infect and replicate in insulin -producing beta cells . [18] Among children, seizures occur in about 20-30% of cases involving the central nervous system. [11] Cause [ edit ] Mumps is caused by the mumps virus (MuV), scientific name Mumps orthorubulavirus , which belongs to the Orthorubulavirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family of viruses. [19] Humans are the only natural host of the mumps virus. ... Non-medicinal ways to manage the disease include bed rest, using ice or heat packs on the neck and scrotum, consuming more fluids, eating soft food, and gargling with warm salt water. [8] [10] Anti-fever medications may be used during the febrile period, [13] excluding aspirin when given to children, which may cause Reye syndrome . [8] Analgesics may also be provided to control pain from mumps inflammatory conditions. [13] For seizures, anticonvulsants may be used.
-
Zoonosis
Wikipedia
Clamydiosis / Enzootic abortion Chlamydophila abortus domestic livestock, particularly sheep close contact with postpartum ewes COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suspected: bats, pangolins, felines, minks respiratory transmission COVID-19 pandemic ; 2019–present; Ongoing pandemic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease PrP vCJD cattle eating meat from animals with Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) 1996–2001: United Kingdom Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus cattle, goats, sheep, birds, multimammate rats, hares tick bite, contact with bodily fluids Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus neoformans commonly – birds like pigeons inhaling fungi Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium spp. cattle, dogs, cats, mice, pigs, horses, deer, sheep, goats, rabbits, leopard geckos, birds ingesting cysts from water contaminated with feces Cysticercosis and taeniasis Taenia solium , Taenia asiatica , Taenia saginata commonly – pigs and cattle consuming water, soil or food contaminated with the tapeworm eggs (cysticercosis) or raw or undercooked pork contaminated with the cysticerci (taeniasis) Dirofilariasis Dirofilaria spp. dogs, wolves, coyotes, foxes, jackals, cats, monkeys, raccoons, bears, muskrats, rabbits, leopards, seals, sea lions, beavers, ferrets, reptiles mosquito bite Eastern equine encephalitis , Venezuelan equine encephalitis , Western equine encephalitis Eastern equine encephalitis virus , Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus , Western equine encephalitis virus horses, donkeys, zebras, birds mosquito bite Ebola virus disease (a haemorrhagic fever ) Ebolavirus spp. chimpanzees , gorillas , orangutans , fruit bats, monkeys, shrews, forest antelope and porcupines through body fluids and organs 2013–16; possible in Africa Other haemorrhagic fevers ( Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever , Dengue fever , Lassa fever , Marburg viral haemorrhagic fever , Rift Valley fever [38] ) Varies – commonly viruses varies (sometimes unknown) – commonly camels, rabbits, hares, hedgehogs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses and swine infection usually occurs through direct contact with infected animals 2019–20 dengue fever (Ongoing epidemic). ... However, scientists believe most infections are spread human to human. [44] [45] Leptospirosis Leptospira interrogans rats, mice, pigs, horses, goats, sheep, cattle, buffaloes, opossums, raccoons, mongooses, foxes, dogs direct or indirect contact with urine of infected animals 1616–20 New England infection: Present day in the United States–Native Americans; Killed around 90–95% of ( Native America ) Lassa fever Lassa fever virus rodents exposure to rodents Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi deer, wolves, dogs, birds, rodents, rabbits, hares, reptiles tick bite Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus rodents exposure to urine, feces, or saliva Melioidosis Burkholderia pseudomallei various animals direct contact with contaminated soil and surface water Microsporidiosis Encephalitozoon cuniculi Rabbits, dogs, mice, and other mammals ingestion of spores Middle East respiratory syndrome MERS coronavirus bats, camels close contact 2012–present: Saudi Arabia Monkeypox Monkeypox virus rodents, primates contact with infected rodents, primates, or contaminated materials Nipah virus infection Nipah virus (NiV) bats, pigs direct contact with infected bats, infected pigs Orf Orf virus goats, sheep close contact Psittacosis Chlamydophila psittaci macaws, cockatiels, budgerigars, pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens, gulls and many other bird species contact with bird droplets Q fever Coxiella burnetii livestock and other domestic animals such as dogs and cats inhalation of spores, contact with bodily fluid or faeces Rabies Rabies virus commonly – dogs, bats, monkeys, raccoons, foxes, skunks, cattle, goats, sheep, wolves, coyotes, groundhogs, horses, mongooses and cats through saliva by biting, or through scratches from an infected animal Variety of places like Oceanic, South America, Europe; Year is unknown Rat-bite fever Streptobacillus moniliformis , Spirillum minus rats, mice bites of rats but also urine and mucus secretions Rift Valley fever Phlebovirus livestock, buffaloes, camels mosquito bite, contact with bodily fluids, blood, tissues, breathing around butchered animals or raw milk 2006–07 East Africa outbreak Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia rickettsii dogs, rodents tick bite Ross River fever Ross River virus kangaroos, wallabies, horses, opossums, birds, flying foxes mosquito bite Saint Louis encephalitis Saint Louis encephalitis virus birds mosquito bite Severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS coronavirus bats, civets close contact, respiratory droplets 2002–04 SARS outbreak ; started in China Smallpox Variola virus Possible Monkeys or horses Spread to person to person quickly The last cases was in 1977; WHO certified to Eraticated (for the world) in December 1979 or 1980. ... (May 1983). "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a colony of macaque monkeys" . ... "Histopathologic changes in macaques with an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)" . The American Journal of Pathology . 113 (3): 382–8. ... United Nations Environment Programme v t e Zoonotic viral diseases (A80–B34, 042–079 ) Arthropod -borne Mosquito -borne Bunyavirales Arbovirus encephalitides : La Crosse encephalitis LACV Batai virus BATV Bwamba Fever BWAV California encephalitis CEV Jamestown Canyon encephalitis Tete virus Tahyna virus TAHV Viral hemorrhagic fevers : Rift Valley fever RVFV Bunyamwera fever BUNV Ngari virus NRIV Flaviviridae Arbovirus encephalitides : Japanese encephalitis JEV Australian encephalitis MVEV KUNV Saint Louis encephalitis SLEV Usutu virus West Nile fever WNV Viral hemorrhagic fevers : Dengue fever DENV-1-4 Yellow fever YFV Zika fever Zika virus Togaviridae Arbovirus encephalitides : Eastern equine encephalomyelitis EEEV Western equine encephalomyelitis WEEV Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis VEEV Chikungunya CHIKV O'nyong'nyong fever ONNV Pogosta disease Sindbis virus Ross River fever RRV Semliki Forest virus Reoviridae Banna virus encephalitis Tick -borne Bunyavirales Viral hemorrhagic fevers : Bhanja virus Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHFV) Heartland virus Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome ( Huaiyangshan banyangvirus ) Tete virus Flaviviridae Arbovirus encephalitides : Tick-borne encephalitis TBEV Powassan encephalitis POWV Viral hemorrhagic fevers : Omsk hemorrhagic fever OHFV Kyasanur Forest disease KFDV AHFV Langat virus LGTV Orthomyxoviridae Bourbon virus Reoviridae Colorado tick fever CTFV Kemerovo tickborne viral fever Sandfly -borne Bunyavirales Adria virus (ADRV) Oropouche fever Oropouche virus Pappataci fever Toscana virus Sandfly fever Naples virus Rhabdoviridae Chandipura virus Mammal -borne Rodent -borne Arenaviridae Viral hemorrhagic fevers : Lassa fever LASV Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever GTOV Argentine hemorrhagic fever JUNV Brazilian hemorrhagic fever SABV Bolivian hemorrhagic fever MACV LUJV CHPV Bunyavirales Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome DOBV HTNV PUUV SEOV AMRV THAIV Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ANDV SNV Herpesviridae Murid gammaherpesvirus 4 Bat -borne Filoviridae BDBV SUDV TAFV Marburg virus disease MARV RAVV Rhabdoviridae Rabies ABLV MOKV DUVV LBV CHPV Paramyxoviridae Henipavirus encephalitis HeV NiV Coronaviridae SARS-related coronavirus SARS-CoV MERS-CoV SARS-CoV-2 Primate -borne Herpesviridae Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 Retroviridae Simian foamy virus HTLV-1 HTLV-2 Poxviridae Tanapox Yaba monkey tumor virus Multiple vectors Rhabdoviridae Rabies RABV Mokola virus Poxviridae Monkeypox v t e Tick-borne diseases and infestations Diseases Bacterial infections Rickettsiales Anaplasmosis Boutonneuse fever Ehrlichiosis ( Human granulocytic , Human monocytotropic , Human E. ewingii infection ) Scrub typhus Spotted fever rickettsiosis Pacific Coast tick fever American tick bite fever rickettsialpox Rocky Mountain spotted fever ) Spirochaete Baggio–Yoshinari syndrome Lyme disease Relapsing fever borreliosis Thiotrichales Tularemia Viral infections Bhanja virus Bourbon virus Colorado tick fever Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever Heartland bandavirus Kemerovo tickborne viral fever Kyasanur Forest disease Omsk hemorrhagic fever Powassan encephalitis Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome Tete orthobunyavirus Tick-borne encephalitis Protozoan infections Babesiosis Other diseases Tick paralysis Alpha-gal allergy Southern tick-associated rash illness Infestations Tick infestation Species and bites Amblyomma Amblyomma americanum Amblyomma cajennense Amblyomma triguttatum Dermacentor Dermacentor andersoni Dermacentor variabilis Ixodes Ixodes cornuatus Ixodes holocyclus Ixodes pacificus Ixodes ricinus Ixodes scapularis Ornithodoros Ornithodoros gurneyi Ornithodoros hermsi Ornithodoros moubata Other Rhipicephalus sanguineus v t e Concepts in infectious disease Transmission Basic concepts Asymptomatic carrier Host Incubation period Index case Infectious period Latent period Natural reservoir Subclinical infection Super-spreader Modes Human-to-human transmission Horizontal Vertical Cross-species transmission Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Routes Airborne disease Blood-borne disease Foodborne illness Waterborne disease Hospital-acquired infection Fomite Fecal-oral route Sexual Modelling Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Herd immunity Infection rate Serial interval Transmission risks and rates Medication Antimicrobial Antibiotic Antiviral drug Antimicrobial resistance Immunotherapy Phage therapy Vaccination Emerging infections Disease X Emergent virus Other Discovery of disease-causing pathogens Eradication of infectious diseases Pandemic Authority control BNE : XX528485 BNF : cb119626189 (data) GND : 4121949-1 LCCN : sh85150001 NDL : 00971020
-
Marburg Virus Disease
Wikipedia
Instead, death occurs due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) due to fluid redistribution, hypotension , disseminated intravascular coagulation , and focal tissue necroses . [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] Clinical phases of Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever's presentation are described below. ... Non-infectious diseases that can be confused with MVD are acute promyelocytic leukemia , hemolytic uremic syndrome , snake envenomation , clotting factor deficiencies/platelet disorders, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura , hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia , Kawasaki disease , and even warfarin intoxication. [28] [29] [30] [31] The most important indicator that may lead to the suspicion of MVD at clinical examination is the medical history of the patient, in particular the travel and occupational history (which countries and caves were visited?) ... "Marburg Virus Disease. Clinical Syndrome". In Martini, G. A.; Siegert, R. ... "Differential diagnosis of infectious diseases with hemorrhagic syndrome". Terapevticheskii Arkhiv . 70 (4): 63–68.
-
Arthritis
Wikipedia
In this case, the arthritis is considered to be secondary to the main disease; these include: Psoriasis ( Psoriatic arthritis ) Reactive arthritis Ehlers–Danlos syndrome Haemochromatosis Hepatitis Lyme disease Sjögren's disease Hashimoto's thyroiditis Celiac disease [15] Non-celiac gluten sensitivity [16] [17] [18] Inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis ) Henoch–Schönlein purpura Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with recurrent fever Sarcoidosis Whipple's disease TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (and many other vasculitis syndromes) Familial Mediterranean fever Systemic lupus erythematosus An undifferentiated arthritis is an arthritis that does not fit into well-known clinical disease categories, possibly being an early stage of a definite rheumatic disease . [19] Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Extra-articular features of joint disease [20] Cutaneous nodules Cutaneous vasculitis lesions Lymphadenopathy Oedema Ocular inflammation Urethritis Tenosynovitis ( tendon sheath effusions ) Bursitis (swollen bursa ) Diarrhea Orogenital ulceration Pain, which can vary in severity, is a common symptom in virtually all types of arthritis. ... External links [ edit ] Arthritis at Curlie American College of Rheumatology – US professional society of rheumatologists National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases - US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Classification D ICD - 10 : M00-M03 , M05-M14 , M15-M19 , M20-M25 ICD - 9-CM : 710 - 719 MeSH : D001168 DiseasesDB : 15237 SNOMED CT : 372091005 External resources MedlinePlus : 001243 eMedicine : search/arthritis v t e Diseases of joints General Arthritis Monoarthritis Oligoarthritis Polyarthritis Symptoms Joint pain Joint stiffness Inflammatory Infectious Septic arthritis Tuberculosis arthritis Crystal Chondrocalcinosis CPPD (Psudogout) Gout Seronegative Reactive arthritis Psoriatic arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Other Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Felty's syndrome Palindromic rheumatism Adult-onset Still's disease Noninflammatory Hemarthrosis Osteoarthritis Heberden's node Bouchard's nodes Osteophyte Authority control GND : 4068867-7 NDL : 00564941COPA, IL17A, ZFP36, CD69, HP, COL2A1, CNR2, MMP2, MEFV, TLR4, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, IL10, NLRP3, NOD2, PTPN22, TNFRSF1A, CTLA4, BTK, CCR6, IL23R, PRG4, WAS, STAT4, CCN2, FCGR2A, SPP1, HLA-C, MMP14, IFIH1, BLNK, CCR1, FAS, HGD, NLRC4, LRBA, RAG2, TCF3, ASAH1, IRF5, IRAK1, HNF4A, MMP13, ABCG8, IL18, ASF1A, IFNG, IL12B, GP1BB, IL12A, RNF168, MYH14, LEMD3, PRKCD, IL4, JMJD1C, PRTN3, PSMB4, PSMB9, RNASEH2B, CD79B, CD79A, CXCL8, GJB2, GLA, PTGS2, RAG1, IL6, COL4A1, COL4A2, FOXP3, COMT, COX2, LRRC8A, MVK, SH3KBP1, MMP9, IL1RN, IL1B, RBM45, IL1A, RPS19, DNASE1L3, DNASE1, NLRP12, OCRL, IGLL1, IGHM, ABCG5, IL23A, FCGR2B, ERAP1, HJV, LBR, SAMHD1, CRP, PIK3R1, ADA2, RNASEH2C, TREX1, CPT2, RREB1, NCOA5, C1R, C1QA, RNASEH2A, TBX1, HNF1B, MLX, TF, TFR2, ATP7B, ARVCF, TNF, RASGRP1, HIRA, FASLG, SEC24C, UFD1, VEGFA, WIPF1, AGA, NCF1, KLRC4, LOH19CR1, PSTPIP1, ADAR, TNFSF11, HOXD10, IL12A-AS1, MTCO2P12, HPGD, C4A, GPI, CASP10, CAV1, UBAC2, CFI, SLCO2A1, CCL2, STAT3, GJB6, IL22, TNFSF13B, TNFRSF1B, MMP3, HSPD1, GRN, MAPK1, VIP, CCR5, MAPK14, CRYGD, IL2, MIR146A, MIR155, JAK2, NFKB1, PTGES, AIMP2, TLR2, CXCL12, ITGAM, IL2RA, CYBB, CXCL10, POLDIP2, SIRT1, IL34, PIK3CG, C5AR1, TRBV20OR9-2, CCR2, AHR, GRAP2, HOXC6, AHSA1, COMP, CRK, RNF19A, TEK, ALB, CSF2, SERPINA1, ESR1, IFNA1, MYDGF, FN1, HFE, CDH11, MMP1, ACAN, F2RL1, TNFSF15, ZAP70, NR1I2, PADI4, TP53, CTSK, PDCD1, DKK1, OSM, TNFRSF11B, FGF2, ISG20, CRH, ADAMTS12, NOS2, NM, IFNA13, MBL2, HSPA14, ADIPOQ, IL1F10, C5, IL17D, HLA-DQA1, TREM1, SLC52A1, IL32, FSTL1, IL9, CD40, ADAMTS7, ACR, S100A8, LEP, CTHRC1, LGALS1, PIK3CB, BCL2, PGF, HMGB1, THBD, TGFB1, PIK3CA, CCN1, NR4A2, PIK3CD, SMUG1, PLA2G1B, LTB4R, PLG, IGF1, TSLP, TLR3, CD28, CCL5, LGALS3, CXCR4, ALOX5, ANGPT1, MIF, TM7SF2, IL27, ICAM1, MTX1, CD274, IL17B, HSPA4, IFNB1, HSPA5, ACKR3, MRAP, IL15, IL6R, ANKH, PRL, PTEN, PTGS1, RELA, SAA1, CCL3, RIPK3, NFAT5, CXCR6, SYT1, ADAM17, TIMP1, TRAF6, TRPV1, KHSRP, AOC3, SOCS3, TNFSF10, SPHK1, MAPK8, PPARG, POMC, MMP17, CXCR2, ITGB2, KLKB1, TLR9, LIF, LYZ, TLR7, MAP3K5, MPO, PRDX5, IL20, NFATC1, NGF, ACAD8, SERPINE1, HSD11B1, PLA2G2A, PLA2G4A, CD248, CCN6, FOXO3, ENO1, CD44, AKT1, ALOX15, CSF1, FCGR3A, ANGPT2, NR3C1, GORASP1, BMP2, CD40LG, GLB1, BDNF, WNK1, IL33, B2M, TSPO, AGBL2, DECR1, CTSS, ELANE, IL21, EGFR, S1PR1, ACTB, VPS51, HMOX1, S100A9, MOK, ADAMTS5, RAC1, BTG3, SAA2, VSIG4, CAT, NCR3, KRIT1, MS4A1, RARRES2, CD38, PADI2, S100B, CD14, S100A1, HPX, CD74, HTRA1, ATN1, DPP4, C5AR2, HT, DHODH, OPRM1, P2RX7, PAH, CTSB, PF4, CTNNB1, ABCB1, CSF3, CR2, CPOX, COX8A, COL1A2, IL17RA, SH3BP4, CHRM3, SH3BP2, CHI3L1, CTSC, PROS1, MASP1, PRKCA, SSTR4, SLC11A1, ADRA2B, VIL1, VIM, ANK1, ADAMTS4, WNT5A, ABCG2, COX5A, AGER, ASIC3, MSC, TAM, LPAR2, VCAM1, PDCD5, ADRA1A, PLA2G10, TRAP, ADA, RIPK1, TNFSF13, TNFRSF14, RIPK2, TNFRSF11A, LINC02605, VDR, MIR34A, CYSLTR1, BRAF, CALCA, SOAT1, PDPN, TRIM21, TAC1, C3, MAP3K7, CNTN2, TBCA, BSG, BRS3, NOD1, TYRO3, KLF2, TIMP3, NAMPT, AXL, TLR5, TNFAIP3, TNFAIP6, ARG1, NR2C2, MIR29A, TNFRSF4, TSC22D3, PTX3, ESR2, GZMA, CIITA, SUCNR1, MOG, KRTAP5-9, GATA3, RHBDF2, EPHB2, SOST, MMP10, LOX, RNPC3, GAS6, IL11, DBA2, FRZB, LTB4R2, COL18A1, FCGR3B, FOXM1, GPSM3, IL7, LGALS9, GPR42, DCXR, KITLG, CXCL9, ORAI1, IL25, RETN, IL13, SPHK2, FPR2, NR4A1, TRPV2, FOS, HLA-DRB3, KRT20, CD46, TNC, SMAD7, HLA-DQB1, FAP, BANK1, HRH4, KDR, SIRT6, HLA-A, FLT3LG, MACIR, COX1, EDNRA, KNG1, ITGA2, IL3, MTHFR, STEAP4, KIR3DL1, MIR145, WDR26, CCDC134, MIR143, WASF2, MIR147A, MIR142, SLC40A1, GDF11, GPATCH2, ANP32B, RTL1, GPR101, IL17RD, FCRL4, BATF, MIRLET7B, SEMA4D, MERTK, TMEM147, TXNDC5, YAP1, RASGRP2, NDEL1, MIR106B, ADI1, MIR107, MIR10A, MIR140, TNIP1, LANCL1, SPRY2, LGR4, RABEPK, MIR149, KEAP1, STAB2, TSL, NIF3L1, KLF4, CCL28, CD83, LGR6, H2AC19, ARHGEF2, CXCL16, SLC16A3, MEPE, SLC16A4, PIGQ, PSTPIP2, LYPD8, MUC3B, CCRL2, CADM3, RAB4B-EGLN2, TRPA1, WASF1, TIMELESS, PERCC1, SLC12A9, SQSTM1, SEMA6A, ST3GAL5, ITGBL1, MIR337, MIR182, SLC52A2, MIR196A2, LRPPRC, MIR20A, CAMKMT, ENAM, SH2D3A, MIR223, SH2D3C, MIR27A, ELMO1, CLEC2A, MIR29B2, PRDX6, PARD3, MIR93, CDCP1, MIR17HG, CLEC7A, VN1R17P, ADAMTS3, SEMA4A, CRLF2, GPR166P, AIM2, SRR, MIR148B, PROCR, LINC01193, ILDR2, PWAR1, CLEC4E, PTPRVP, FBXO32, C1QTNF6, ANGPTL4, COMMD1, C1QTNF3, PLB1, GPBAR1, PLEKHO1, BTLA, CMC1, SUMF2, SPAAR, SLC5A12, CLEC12A, OXER1, PANX1, IDO2, CLEC5A, PSORS1C1, PRRT2, DNAJB1P1, LPAR3, CABIN1, BRD4, EGLN3, ERAL1, LRG1, CXCL13, AATF, IL19, ICOS, OSCAR, ADGRE2, CD209, TBK1, EHD2, PYCARD, TRBC1, SLCO6A1, TRBV7-9, GPR151, TRBV16, MUC17, HPGDS, MRGPRX4, MRGPRX3, IL17C, SIGLEC9, IL37, SIRPA, BBC3, SIGLEC7, OR2AG1, LACC1, IL21R, HAVCR1, SLURP1, UNC13D, SATB2, ICOSLG, SYVN1, PSIP1, NEAT1, ARMH1, AGBL3, CDC42EP1, CD160, RCAN3, UBASH3A, CNTRL, CPP, EBNA1BP2, IRGM, RALBP1, MALT1, TUBGCP2, H3P44, TAGAP, PADI6, GSTK1, JAM3, CYTL1, TXNIP, IVNS1ABP, MALAT1, TRIM3, EGLN1, SPZ1, TMEM60, WNT3A, SIRT2, RHOBTB2, PRSS55, SMG1, EGLN2, DNER, GP6, UCMA, GPRC6A, SPESP1, WDFY3, ZBTB38, NPNT, CARD8, WIF1, NLRP1, PHB2, TLR8, TNFRSF12A, GADD45GIP1, CD300A, MRGPRX1, CHP1, DCTN3, POLG2, COPD, IFNL1, MLKL, A1BG, IQGAP1, IDO1, FCGRT, FCN1, FGF1, FGFR1, FGFR3, FGG, FHL2, FOXO1, FOLH1, FOSB, FOSL2, MTOR, FUT1, ACKR1, GABPA, GCH1, GCY, MSTN, GEM, FCGR1A, FCER1G, FAT1, EFNB2, DNMT1, DNMT3B, DRD2, DUSP7, DVL2, LPAR1, S1PR3, PHC1, EMD, PTK2B, EREG, ERG, ESRRB, ETS1, F2R, F2RL2, F3, FAAH, GFER, GH1, GHSR, IGFBP3, HLA-DRB4, HLA-G, HPRT1, HSD11B2, HSP90AA1, DNAJB1, IFNAR1, IGF1R, IGFBP5, HLA-DOA, IGH, IK, IKBKB, IL1R1, IL2RB, IL6ST, IL7R, CXCR1, HLA-DPB1, HK1, CBLIF, CXCL2, GJA1, GJA8, GOLGA4, CCR10, CXCR3, MCHR1, GPER1, CXCL1, GRP, HIP1, GSN, GTS, GUSB, GYS1, HAS1, HCLS1, HGF, HIF1A, DYNC1H1, DMP1, DES, BCKDHA, ARG2, ARNTL, ARRB1, ARRB2, ART1, ASS1, ATF3, ATP4A, BCL2A1, AQP4, CFB, CXCR5, BMI1, BMP6, BTF3P11, C4B, C6, C7, AR, AQP1, CALCR, GRK2, ABCF1, ACACA, ACLY, ACP5, ACP3, ADAM10, ADORA1, ADORA2A, GRK3, APOE, JAG1, AGT, AMELX, ANG, AOC2, APC, APOA1, APOB, CA9, CALM1, ACE, COL1A1, CISH, CLTC, CMD1B, CCR7, ACKR2, CMKLR1, CNN2, CNTN1, CORT, CECR, CPB1, CRYAB, CSF1R, CSF3R, CTSL, CUX1, CYP2B6, CD55, CHI3L2, CEBPB, CALM2, CD27, CALM3, CALR, CAMP, CAPG, CASP1, CASP8, RUNX2, CD22, CD80, CDKN2A, ENTPD1, CD59, ADGRE5, CDA, CDC25B, CDC42, CDK9, CDKN1A, IL10RA, INSR, TNFRSF10A, IRF1, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, SPR, SPRR2A, STAT1, STAT6, SYK, TAP2, TAT, TBP, TBX5, TBX3, TRA, TRB, TGFB2, TGFBR1, TGM2, TH, FSCN1, SLN, SLC22A4, CCL17, RORA, RPL23A, S100A7, S100A12, SAA3P, SCN10A, CCL7, CCL8, CCL21, SLC22A2, CXCL6, CX3CL1, SDC4, SELL, SETMAR, SFRP1, SFTPD, SLC4A1, THBS1, TIA1, TIE1, NR0B2, SLC25A16, FOSL1, GDF5, UBL4A, FZD4, H2AC18, H2AC20, PLA2G6, CUL4B, LST1, PIK3R3, PIR, TP63, MARCO, HYAL2, TNFRSF25, TNFSF14, TNFRSF6B, ARHGEF5, DEK, TIMP2, TWIST1, TIMP4, TLR1, TNP1, CRISP2, TRAF1, TRAF2, HSP90B2P, TRPC5, TNFSF4, IL1R2, TXN, UBE2D3, UQCRFS1, VIPR2, VWF, YY1, YWHAZ, ZNF7, RGS1, RELB, REL, MUC5AC, MMP8, MMP12, MPP1, MRC1, MSI1, RNR2, MUC1, MUC3A, MYC, FOXO4, GADD45B, NCF2, NEDD9, NELL1, NFE2L2, NFIL3, NFKBIA, NFKBIL1, MME, MECP2, NOS1, LAG3, ITGAE, ITGAL, ITGAX, JAK1, JUN, JUNB, JUND, KLRC2, LAIR1, MDM4, RPSA, LIFR, LTA, LTB, MAZ, MC4R, MCAM, MDK, NHS, NOTCH1, RDX, MAP2K6, PPP1R1A, PPP3CA, SRGN, PRKCB, PRKCH, PRKD1, MAPK9, MAP2K3, MAP2K7, PPBP, PROC, PSMD7, PSMD12, PTHLH, PTH1R, PTPN11, PTPRJ, A2M, PPM1A, PPARD, NOTCH2, PAEP, NPPA, NRAS, NRGN, NT5E, ODC1, OLR1, P2RX3, P4HB, ENPP1, POU2AF1, ENPP2, PECAM1, SERPINF1, SERPINA4, PIP, PLAU, PLD1, PLTP, H3P28
-
Multiple Myeloma
Wikipedia
Multiple myeloma Other names Plasma cell myeloma, myelomatosis, Kahler's disease, myeloma [1] Micrograph of a plasmacytoma , H&E stain Specialty Hematology and oncology Symptoms Bone pain , fatigue [2] : 653 Complications Amyloidosis , kidney problems , bone fractures , hyperviscosity syndrome , infections, anemia [3] [2] : 653 Duration Long term [3] Causes Unknown [4] Risk factors Obesity [5] Diagnostic method Blood or urine tests, bone marrow biopsy , medical imaging [6] Treatment Steroids , chemotherapy , thalidomide , stem cell transplant , bisphosphonates , radiation therapy [3] [6] Prognosis Five-year survival rate 54% / life expectancy 6 years (USA) [7] Frequency 488,200 (affected during 2015) [8] Deaths 101,100 (2015) [9] Multiple myeloma ( MM ), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma , is a cancer of plasma cells , a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies . [6] Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. [10] As it progresses, bone pain , anemia , kidney dysfunction , and infections may occur. [10] Complications may include amyloidosis . [3] The cause of multiple myeloma is unknown. [4] Risk factors include obesity , radiation exposure, family history, and certain chemicals. [5] [11] [12] Multiple myeloma may develop from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance that progresses to smoldering myeloma . [13] The abnormal plasma cells produce abnormal antibodies , which can cause kidney problems and overly thick blood . [10] The plasma cells can also form a mass in the bone marrow or soft tissue. [10] When one tumor is present, it is called a plasmacytoma ; more than one is called multiple myeloma. [10] Multiple myeloma is diagnosed based on blood or urine tests finding abnormal antibodies, bone marrow biopsy finding cancerous plasma cells, and medical imaging finding bone lesions. [6] Another common finding is high blood calcium levels . [6] Multiple myeloma is considered treatable, but generally incurable. [3] Remissions may be brought about with steroids , chemotherapy , targeted therapy , and stem cell transplant . [3] Bisphosphonates and radiation therapy are sometimes used to reduce pain from bone lesions. [3] [6] Globally, multiple myeloma affected 488,000 people and resulted in 101,100 deaths in 2015. [8] [9] In the United States, it develops in 6.5 per 100,000 people per year and 0.7% of people are affected at some point in their lives. [7] It usually occurs around the age of 60 and is more common in men than women. [6] It is uncommon before the age of 40. [6] Without treatment, typical survival is seven months. [3] With current treatments, survival is usually 4–5 years. [3] The five-year survival rate is about 54%. [7] The word myeloma is from the Greek myelo- meaning "marrow" and -oma meaning "tumor". [14] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 1.1 Bone pain 1.2 Anemia 1.3 Impaired kidney function 1.4 Infection 1.5 Neurological symptoms 1.6 Mouth 2 Cause 2.1 Risk factors 2.2 Epstein-Barr virus 3 Pathophysiology 3.1 Epigenetic 3.2 Genetics 3.3 Development 4 Diagnosis 4.1 Blood tests 4.2 Histopathology 4.3 Medical imaging 4.4 Diagnostic criteria 4.5 Staging 5 Prevention 6 Treatment 6.1 Chemotherapy 6.1.1 Initial 6.1.2 Maintenance 6.1.3 Relapse 6.2 Stem cell transplant 6.3 Other measures 6.4 Side effects 6.5 Supportive treatment 6.6 Palliative care 6.7 Teeth 7 Prognosis 7.1 Genetic testing 8 Epidemiology 8.1 United States 8.2 UK 9 Other animals 10 See also 11 References 12 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Because many organs can be affected by myeloma, the symptoms and signs vary greatly. ... People with amyloidosis have high levels of amyloid protein that can be excreted through the kidneys and cause damage to the kidneys and other organs. [17] [18] Light chains produce myriad effects that can manifest as the Fanconi syndrome ( type II kidney tubular acidosis ). [17] Infection [ edit ] The most common infections are pneumonias and pyelonephritis . ... Finally, radicular pain , loss of bowel or bladder control (due to involvement of spinal cord leading to cord compression ) or carpal tunnel syndrome , and other neuropathies (due to infiltration of peripheral nerves by amyloid ) may occur. ... Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and thrombocytopenia are major side effects of bortezomib." [67] Treatment of related hyperviscosity syndrome may be required to prevent neurologic symptoms or kidney failure. [68] [69] Maintenance [ edit ] Most people, including those treated with ASCT, relapse after initial treatment.FGFR3, CCND1, CRBN, IRF4, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, CDKN2A, TNFRSF13B, CBX7, LIG4, BCL2, MYC, MUC1, MCL1, CSF3, IL6, ULK4, PSORS1C2, PARP1, MIR19A, CCL2, BCL2L1, PTHLH, NQO1, GSTT1, CDKN2C, CD86, HSPB1, EPHX1, BNIP3, HLA-A, SPARC, SOD2, CSF2, PRAME, BIRC3, KDM6A, NUAK1, IFNA2, MIR92A1, MAF, BTG1, IKZF1, TP53, B2M, PIK3CA, KMT2D, CDK4, PVT1, PCAT1, POU5F1, ELL2, HRAS, FOPNL, PTPN11, LPP, IDH2, PREX1, IDH1, CDCA7L, KLF2, GBA, CDH12, MAPK1, RPL36P20, NR3C1, LRRC31, LRRC34, CAMKMT, ACOXL-AS1, PIK3CG, PIK3CD, HGF, PIK3CB, PTEN, MTOR, ABCB1, PTPRC, MIR15A, FN1, CD44, CD40, CD38, CD34, MIR21, GRAMD1B, EZH2, MIR29B1, MIR29B2, CCL3, SDC1, DTNB, CDKN2B, MALAT1, IL1B, RNF165, IFNG, MIR4435-2HG, IGF1, IGH, CIB3, IL10, CTAG1B, MS4A1, PSORS1C1, CTNNB1, KIT, JAK2, CEP120, GGNBP1, MDM2, DNER, MET, BMF, NCAM1, NCK1, CKS1B, LCOR, ANKRD27, DIO1, TNFRSF11B, HSP90AA1, LRRIQ4, HLA-B, HIF1A, ATN1, CXCL12, H3P10, CD19, TNFSF11, PPT2, MSC, MYOM2, CACNG4, TNFSF10, ATP6V0E1P2, DNAH11, SOCS1, MYNN, VEGFA, CD274, NCAPH2, CDR3, BAK1, CXCR4, TNFRSF17, XBP1, PPT2-EGFL8, ABCG2, ANXA5, SMUG1, ATG5, HPSE, SRCAP, CHEK2, TNFSF13B, SP140, IKZF3, KLRK1, TRIM13, DKK1, AKT1, TOM1, ALB, HDAC6, TBC1D9, MED24, HDAC9, CASC19, NSD2, SLAMF7, BTK, ACOXL, USP8P1, TNF, CALM1, WAC, SP3, CALM2, CALM3, KLRC4-KLRK1, KRIT1, CCHCR1, RFWD3, KRT20, CASR, CASP3, SMARCD3, STAT3, MAPK3, SPG7, ARR3, TNFSF13, IL6R, CTAG1A, PRKAR1A, FAS, NR1I3, RTEL1, CXADR, CXCL8, MAPK8, TRAF3, ERN1, FGF2, SOST, CXADRP1, XPO1, XBP1P1, IL6ST, MIR34A, SUB1, NFKB1, MAFB, MIR221, PCNA, RB1, ABCC1, ANOS1, BSG, CCND2, IL17A, BCL6, MKKS, MIR20A, LOC102724971, EPO, ICAM1, MRPL28, LRPPRC, EIF4E, PTK2B, EPHB2, AICDA, SPP1, H3P9, VCAM1, IFNA1, MTHFR, IFNA13, NXT1, MAPK14, STOML2, CDK6, COL11A2, LOC102723407, IL4, PAX5, PRDM1, NM, PWWP3A, CD200, HSP90B1, PDCD1, MME, SOAT1, NOTCH1, AHSA1, OSM, AIMP2, MIR155, ANP32B, RBM45, VDR, PTGS2, BRD4, TENT5C, GRAP2, HSPA5, RNF19A, HMMR, TP73, IL2, IL3, INA, WWOX, HAS1, DIS3, POLDIP2, PIM2, MIR17HG, CCND3, ANXA2, CRK, BCR, CD28, BMI1, CD80, CD9, ACTB, APEX1, CASP8, CTLA4, CD81, CDKN1B, RUNX2, IL15, IL16, FRZB, GSTP1, CD47, CUX1, SCT, IL11, CD40LG, GGPS1, CTRL, CRP, NEDD8, SELPLG, GPRC5D, IGF1R, IGHV3-69-1, MIP, SPA17, CFLAR, MMP2, NEAT1, TGFB1, ANGPTL1, GDE1, LDLRAP1, CCDC54, CCR1, LRP1, MYD88, SLC7A5, ITGB1, KDR, COMMD3-BMI1, SGSM3, BMP2, MIR17, DCLRE1C, PTPN6, MAP2K7, ZHX2, DEPTOR, EGFR, EIF4G1, MIR19B1, FOXP3, MIR203A, JAG1, CD226, TNFRSF11A, JAK1, VCAN, NEK2, IL32, MIR214, IL1RL1, CD79B, SLC5A5, TICAM2, TIMP2, MIR210, PIM1, IGHV3OR16-7, NR2F2, ITGA4, DCTN6, H3P23, SMR3B, MARCKSL1, PTP4A3, HDAC3, B3GAT1, IFI27, JAG2, MMP9, BCL10, MSH3, HSPA4, NR0B2, HSF1, IGL, MIR135B, PSMD9, TNFRSF13C, NFKBIA, NFKB2, CDH1, TERT, SET, ARHGAP24, FCRL5, GFI1, GEM, MIR137, MVP, MIR16-1, PITX2, PF4, KLRC1, FLT4, EGF, ACTR1A, CDKN1A, ARFRP1, MIR152, SPRY2, MBL2, FRA16D, TMED7, GLI1, PMAIP1, GNA12, PPARG, CASP9, APAF1, MDM4, LGALS1, ZNRD2, TRAF6, DAP, RPSA, LINC01194, APOBEC2, GRN, SART3, VCP, WLS, UCA1, TMED7-TICAM2, ABL1, COX8A, BMP6, TFRC, LY9, CR2, TLR4, CXCR5, TRIAP1, MICA, JUN, TRPV2, TXN, UBE2I, CD82, TYMS, ITGA5, PARP14, PTPRA, PCDH10, PRKN, HAMP, PDK1, IL21, RAF1, CD276, CDK9, SPANXA2, RAC1, PVR, CD79A, KLF6, CDK2, PTGS1, POU2AF1, POU2F2, EPHA3, PTCH1, SRGN, RTL10, PSMD2, CDK1, MUL1, RPS6KA3, PAEP, S100A9, CEBPA, RAB8A, COL1A1, AURKA, TUG1, ABCC2, CCR7, MEG3, CD24, CCR5, COX1, MTR, TRIM63, SLC2A4, SLAMF1, SKP2, PMEL, NGF, ASCC2, SPHK2, CD27, CHEK1, OAS3, ODC1, ITGB7, RELN, AREG, HLA-G, FOS, SIRT1, HMOX1, CCN1, FLT1, IGHV3-52, FOXM1, TCL1A, IL1A, ATM, HLA-DRB1, CYP2C8, CFDP1, MIR192, HDAC4, TPX2, NAMPT, HNF4A, CXCR3, AGO2, USP14, HP, CRTC1, PKD2L1, TNFRSF10A, DAZAP2, ALDH1A1, MIR125A, FOXP1, GJA1, SND1, XIAP, HLA-E, CIB1, XRCC4, RASSF1, E2F1, ADM, GEMIN4, GDF15, PRDX5, XRCC5, BCL9, CTAG2, CXCL10, CBLL2, BDNF, MIR497, BGLAP, EPAS1, ZDHHC9, ANGPT1, ESR1, EIF4G2, SPANXA1, HK2, USP7, USP5, EZH1, ADAR, F9, DPP4, RRM1, MELK, MIB1, TCL1B, ALPP, ALPI, CCL20, CX3CL1, APC, ADAMTS9, CCL5, RUNX2-AS1, SAT1, ACKR3, DICER1, EEF1E1, CCL4, CD33, ING4, RET, ADCYAP1, CD70, PTK2, CD74, SEMA3A, DLC1, CARM1, ADCYAP1R1, CASC3, PAK4, TAS2R38, SAMSN1, PLK2, PPP1R13L, CD3EAP, ABO, PPARGC1A, CCR2, NR0B1, KLHL1, AKT2, RELA, CIP2A, LOC105379528, MAGEC1, ALCAM, RAP1A, BCL2L11, RAN, MIR767, ABCB6, KDM1A, RAD51, DIABLO, RAD50, ZNF197, AHR, RETN, SLC22A2, ADIPOQ, H3P12, TAM, TIMP1, USP9X, THPO, THBS1, ATF4, SETD2, MKNK1, IL17D, TNFRSF10D, PSMG1, TRBV20OR9-2, BECN1, MBTPS1, HNF1A, HPGDS, TNFSF14, TAZ, MPC1, ATR, IL23A, BAX, BIK, XRCC1, F11R, MZB1, IGK, ATRAID, IL22, IL21R, TXNRD1, UCHL5, SLC40A1, TSC1, MAGEC2, BST2, MAFK, CCDC6, DCDC2, DLK1, XAF1, SFRP2, VHL, MYEOV, CD6, BIRC5, IL17RB, SMPD1, AURKB, SETBP1, NOG, SLC16A1, MAP3K7, SLC7A4, MAPKAPK2, KDM3A, BIRC2, CD14, TRIP13, CD163, MYDGF, SYCE1L, SOCS3, CCNE1, SP1, SYK, TNFRSF10B, ANKHD1, STIM1, CASP10, IQGAP1, STAT1, MIR1271, SSX2, FASLG, LAMTOR1, SST, SQSTM1, CCNA1, RUNX1, NBEA, HSPB3, EPHA4, PTH, IGHG3, CSF1R, HSPB2, MIR324, CEACAM6, GCLC, MTRR, SCARNA22, GLS, MRE11, ZFP82, JUNB, MIR106B, MIRLET7E, JUND, GRK6, CRYZ, MPO, MIR144, ISG20, IPP, NFE2L2, RCBTB2, NPM1, G6PD, MIR148A, MIR146A, NOTCH2, GABPA, IAPP, GAPDH, MIR145, LYST, SSX2B, GAS6, HTC2, GATA1, CCR6, AGFG1, YBX1, DUSP2, PRRT2, LDHA, LEP, HDAC1, AZIN2, LGALS3, LGALS9, HNRNPA1, MMP13, MIR99B, TPPP2, DNMT1, LTA, HMGB1, LPL, LIG3, POU5F1P4, EGLN3, MEFV, MTDH, PRIMA1, GSTM1, MMP7, KMT2A, GADL1, WNT3A, TNPO1, MICB, CD99, LOC390714, HNRNPA1P10, LAG3, MGMT, LAIR1, KITLG, IRF8, ING1, EDNRA, PLG, MIR22, CYP2C19, DCC, CDK5, NCR3, FCGR2A, MAGT1, FCGR3A, PDPK1, FCGR3B, LBH, EIF4A2, CYP1A1, IFNAR1, MIR202, IL27, PLK1, EGR1, EXT1, EP300, IGHA1, EPS8, MIR29A, MIR451A, PRKCB, PRKCA, IKBKB, PRKAB1, IL1RN, MIR223, IL2RA, PPP1R1A, CDH2, IGFBP2, TRIM56, POU5F1P3, CDKN3, MIR375, FOSB, ROR2, CFL1, P2RX7, P4HB, TNFRSF9, MIR342, FOLH1, ASXL1, SERPINA5, MIR18A, PRDX1, DDIT3, MIR186, FLT3, FGFR1, CD52, CX3CR1, CRTC2, MIR363, RABGEF1, MCAT, ST3GAL6-AS1, DARS-AS1, MIR340, KCNRG, SHISA8, STAC3, MCIDAS, PABPC1P1, BLOC1S2, PPP1R16B, MIR338, ZNF763, SPDYA, IGHV5-78, LINC01193, STEAP1, GPSM1, AATF, FOXD3, HOXC-AS3, PTENP1-AS, NUPR1, PABPC1, ABCB5, MYCBP, MIR335, RICTOR, LAMA5-AS1, BBC3, MIR331, NANOS3, CLEC4D, MIR425, TINF2, LINC00515, DIMT1, FBXO9, PDCD4, PHF19, GSTK1, APEX2, MMP28, IBTK, MRAS, MIR197, MLXIP, MIR193A, CLSTN1, LINC02605, CARD8, RNA28S5, MIR182, RNA28SN4, MMRN1, ATF6, RPIA, MIR30E, PRAL, MIR320A, MIR150, MTCO2P12, TNIK, SMG1, MTF2, MIR30D, CIC, VSIG4, MIR301A, RPP14, CIT, CDC37, GLMN, MIR28, MIR27A, MIR26B, MIR23B, MIR30A, SLC2A6, MIR30C1, PTENP1, PADI2, H3P8, MIR30C2, CHP1, H3P13, MIR215, KDM6B, MIR34B, MAST4, MAPK8IP2, PSD4, LPAR3, CSAG3, PADI4, CSAG2, MIR93, LIN28B, DAPK2, NUP62, ANXA2R, SGK3, HES5, PSMA3-AS1, MAFF, MIR9-3, CA13, RCHY1, POT1, SOSTDC1, SEZ6L, MIR9-2, RN7SL263P, IGHV4-34, ACSBG1, MIR130A, RHOBTB2, MIR127, DNMBP, USP24, MIR126, ZNF629, PPP1R13B, MIR124-1, MIR10A, CERNA3, SIRT3, MIRLET7B, RYBP, MIR9-1, SF3B1, PERCC1, IRAIN, CABIN1, TRAT1, ZUP1, FERMT3, PAG1, USE1, PBK, GPRC5C, PROK1, SLC2A9, RPAIN, TCHP, MAGED4, RNASEH2C, TCIM, PMEPA1, VTRNA2-1, CHPT1, SLC12A9, KREMEN1, EIF2A, CIAPIN1, RASSF4, CRISPLD2, PDXP, DOT1L, NUP133, NLRP2, ORAI1, MIR1246, PRINS, SNORD14B, LGR4, RBPMS, ZNF331, CAMK2N1, ATAD1, HES6, HAVCR2, MIR631, RIOX2, SOX6, SUPT20H, MIR33B, SPZ1, SNORD35B, DEPDC1, MIR532, MIR610, PCBP4, PLSCR4, DLL1, GOPC, ZKSCAN3, ASRGL1, UBE2O, ZC3H12A, DHDDS, TXNDC15, LIN28A, DHX40, TINAGL1, IFIH1, FAM72D, MMP25, GORASP1, PDIA2, OIP5-AS1, RAPH1, NEIL1, WNK1, SLC2A11, TRPM8, MAPKAP1, CEP70, ULBP2, PDCD1LG2, WDR19, RALGAPB, TP73-AS1, RNA28SN5, MIR765, RPTOR, SESN2, SEMA6A, RASSF5, KIF18A, POTEF, HPSE2, TLR10, CTDSP1, RHOU, MAGED4B, SLC38A1, SCPEP1, ZNF436, BACH2, COL18A1, SNORD14C, MSTO1, SNORD14D, SNORD14E, MIR193B, TENT5D, DERL1, SLC30A8, BHLHA15, CLEC12A, FEZF1-AS1, SLC2A12, MIR520G, DTX3L, GOLT1B, IL23R, ANGPTL4, ZNF569, SLC45A2, IL34, LINC00328, ARMH4, DCTN4, MIR509-1, SLC25A37, RHOV, MIR4741, PDIA3P1, MPEG1, LAMTOR2, MCTS1, ALKBH3, UBE2T, MARCHF8, MYLIP, MIR410, DEL13Q14, RMC1, PSC, MIR4505, PRSS55, PADI1, MIR485, PIKFYVE, SLC2A8, MIR490, ERO1A, MIR4449, SOX8, RPL17-C18orf32, A2ML1, MS4A4A, EGLN1, MIR155HG, NLRP3, SLC35A4, TP53RK, SHC3, TERF2IP, CYTOR, DDX4, DDIT4, FOXP2, ZNF501, FBLIM1, PPP1R12C, TET2, DPP8, DCAF15, CASZ1, NSD3, SLC25A21, ITPRIP, ADA2, MIR4254, FZR1, LINC01672, CACUL1, MIB2, NRSN1, SCARA3, PASD1, SLCO6A1, EVL, CPT1C, LINC01234, ETV7, LINC00461, SIRT6, SEZ6, SNHG18, NBAS, SF3B6, RASD1, CRNDE, ZNF44, IGLL5, RITA1, NAT1, GLIPR1, IGF2, IGHM, IGHG1, IGHDOR15@, IGFBP7, IGFBP4, IGF2R, IFNB1, IL2RB, IDUA, ID1, HSPA8, HSPA1B, HSPA1A, HES1, JCHAIN, IL2RG, ITGAV, ILF2, IRF1, IRAK1, INPPL1, INPP5D, IDO1, ILK, IL18, IL5, IL13, IL12RB2, IL11RA, IL10RB, IL10RA, IL7, HOXC10, HOXB7, HOXA11, GFER, GPR42, CCR10, SFN, GOT2, GLO1, GLB1, GDF1, HOXA1, GCG, GBP1, GARS1, GAB1, XRCC6, IFI6, GRB2, GRM3, GTF2H1, GZMB, H2AX, HAS2, HCK, HDAC2, HFE, HGFAC, HIC1, HLA-DOB, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB5, HMBS, NR4A1, HOXA@, ITGAL, ITGAX, MMP24, COX2, NEDD4, NDP, NBN, NAGLU, MUC4, NUDT1, MSX1, NOS2, MRC1, MPZ, MPST, MPG, MMP15, MMP8, NOS1, NOS3, ITGB2, PAFAH1B1, PDC, PCYT1A, PCM1, PBX3, PAM, SERPINE1, FURIN, NOTCH3, PEBP1, ORC4, ROR1, NTF3, NPPB, NPC1, MMP1, MAP3K10, MLH1, STMN1, CD180, LTBP3, LIF, LGALS8, LEPR, LCN2, LAMP1, MITF, LAMA5, KRT81, KPNA2, KLRB1, KIR3DS1, ITGB3, EPCAM, MARCKS, SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD5, MAGEA1, MAOA, MAX, MBD1, CD46, MEIS2, MAP3K5, MFAP1, MGST1, CIITA, MIF, FUT1, FOLR2, FOLR1, CASP2, CD247, CD1D, CCNB1, CCK, RUNX3, CAV1, CANX, TNFRSF8, CALCR, DDR1, BUB1B, BTF3P11, KLF9, BRS3, CD22, TNFSF8, FLII, CHUK, CNR2, CCR4, CMA1, TPP1, CLCN5, CISH, CHI3L1, CD48, CDKN2D, CDK7, CDC42, CDC25C, CDC20, CD68, BRCA2, BMPR1A, CEACAM1, AHCY, AMY1B, AMY1A, AMBP, ALOX5, ALK, CRYBG1, AGER, BCL3, ADRA2B, ADRA1A, ADK, ACVRL1, ACVR2A, ACP5, AMY1C, ANG, ANGPT2, ANXA1, APOA1, APOB, APRT, ARF1, ARG1, RHOH, ARNT, ARNTL, ATF3, ATP7A, AXL, BCHE, BCL2A1, COL4A1, SLC31A2, MAP3K8, EPOR, ETFA, ERG, ERCC3, ERCC2, ERBB3, ERBB2, ENO1, EDN1, ENDOG, EMX2, ELF4, ELAVL2, EIF4EBP1, EEF1A2, ETS1, F2, F3, F10, FASN, FCAR, FCER2, FCGR2B, FCGRT, FDPS, FGA, FGF1, FGF13, FGFR4, FH, FHIT, FLI1, EDNRB, LPAR1, CPOX, CYP1B1, DCN, DAPK1, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2B6, CYLD, S1PR1, CTSK, CCN2, CSNK1A1, HAPLN1, CREBBP, CREB1, ACE, DDB1, DDX5, TIMM8A, DHCR24, DHFR, DIO3, DKC1, DLD, DMD, DNASE1, DNMT3A, SLC26A3, TSC22D3, DUSP5, DUSP8, TYMP, ENPP1, ENPP2, PDZK1, TNKS, TNFRSF10C, TNFRSF18, TNFRSF6B, ADAM23, TNFSF9, RIPK1, DYNLL1, PROM1, NCOA1, USO1, KMO, IKBKG, ITGA8, ENC1, SOCS2, DLEU2, UCN, CDY1, LPAR2, PDCD5, CBFA2T2, SLC16A3, SLC16A4, FCGR2C, PRC1, NR1I2, SEMA5A, MAP3K14, BTRC, MBD2, SPHK1, ARHGEF7, OFD1, SMARCA5, CUL4A, VWF, ZAP70, YWHAE, YY1, WT1, WNT5A, WEE1, VRK1, DYRK2, TRPV1, BEST1, VIM, VDAC1, USP1, NR1H2, ZNF70, TRIM25, ZMYM2, LAPTM5, EVI5, DEK, BAG6, RNF217-AS1, TFPI2, FGF23, CLLS2, NCOA3, USP9Y, ARID1A, TRRAP, BCAR3, RECK, SLC16A7, MTA2, PTTG1, CDK2AP2, CRTAP, TACC3, PRMT5, ST3GAL6, RACK1, STUB1, TRIB1, AKT3, PSMD14, PSME3, PDZK1IP1, ARPC5, EDIL3, ABCC5, SEMA4D, PRDX4, ARPC1A, CXCL13, GNLY, COLEC10, KHDRBS1, CXCR6, NRG3, OGA, NES, KDM5B, ZMYND11, CCL27, LILRB1, SLC26A1, MALT1, BCL2L10, SCO2, PDLIM7, NCR2, CHD1L, VPS4B, TBPL1, NAPSA, HOMER1, NCR1, COX5A, USP15, KL, LONP1, KLF4, ASIC3, CD83, ITGB1BP1, MINPP1, SOX13, APOBEC3B, RBM39, CYTIP, CARTPT, NCOR2, TTI1, HERPUD1, DCAF1, RAPGEF5, MTSS1, SPATA2, GAB2, TELO2, UBAP2L, DLEC1, UGCG, UCHL1, PFKFB3, RBBP8, RNASE2, RGS1, RENBP, REG1A, RECQL, OPN1LW, RBBP5, RNF6, RARA, RANBP2, RAG2, MOK, RAD23B, PTN, RNASE3, RNH1, UBE2G1, ATXN1, SELL, SELE, CXCL11, CCL8, CCL7, SCN7A, RYR1, SNORD15A, RRM2, RPS27A, RPS27, RPL17, RPL5, RPA1, PTBP1, PSME2, PSMD10, PLAUR, PPP3CA, PON1, POLD1, PMP22, PML, PLXNB1, PLAT, PSMD4, PKM, PIK3R2, PIK3R1, PIGA, ABCB4, PFN1, PRB1, PRKAA1, PRKAA2, MAPK7, MAPK9, MAP2K1, PSAP, PSMA3, PSMA6, PSMB1, PSMB4, PSMB5, PSMB8, PSMB9, PSMB10, PSMC1, PSMC6, SELP, SEMG1, SELENOW, TERF1, KLF10, THBS2, THBD, TGFA, TFPI, NAT2, TERC, ADAM17, TEAD1, TDG, TCF19, GCFC2, SERPINA7, TAPBP, TIMP3, TJP1, TLR3, TSPAN7, TMSB4X, TNFAIP3, TNFRSF1B, TOP1, TPO, CRISP2, TRAF2, TRPC1, TSC2, TSHR, TTK, TYRO3, UBA1, TAP2, SYT1, SFRP1, SKIV2L, SNCA, SIGLEC1, SMO, SMARCB1, SLC3A2, SKP1, SKI, SYCP1, SIM2, SH3GL3, SH3GL1, SGK1, SRSF2, SFRP5, FSCN1, SOD1, SORL1, SOX1, SOX2, SOX4, SOX11, SRI, ITPRID2, SSTR4, SSX1, SSX4, STAT5A, STAT5B, STK11, STX4, SULT1A1, TERF2
-
Brachial Plexus Injury
Wikipedia
These nerves originate in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical (C5–C8), and first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves, and innervate the muscles and skin of the chest, shoulder, arm and hand. [1] [2] [3] Brachial plexus injuries can occur as a result of shoulder trauma, tumours, or inflammation. The rare Parsonage–Turner syndrome causes brachial plexus inflammation without obvious injury, but with nevertheless disabling symptoms. [1] [4] But in general, brachial plexus injury can be classified as either traumatic or obstetric . ... Cervical rib, prominent transverse process, and congenital fibrous bands can also compress the brachial plexus and causes thoracic outlet syndrome . [12] During the delivery of a baby, the shoulder of the baby may graze against the pelvic bone of the mother. ... ISBN 978-0-8016-3227-3 . ^ "Parsonage-Turner Syndrome" . Who Named It? (whonamedit.com). ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : G54.0 , P14.3 , S14.3 ICD - 9-CM : 353.0 , 767.6 , 953.4 MeSH : D020516 DiseasesDB : 31267 External resources MedlinePlus : 001418 v t e Neurotrauma Traumatic brain injury Intracranial hemorrhage Intra-axial Intraparenchymal hemorrhage Intraventricular hemorrhage Extra-axial Subdural hematoma Epidural hematoma Subarachnoid hemorrhage Brain herniation Cerebral contusion Cerebral laceration Concussion Post-concussion syndrome Second-impact syndrome Dementia pugilistica Chronic traumatic encephalopathy Diffuse axonal injury Abusive head trauma Penetrating head injury Spinal cord injury Anterior spinal artery syndrome Brown-Séquard syndrome Cauda equina syndrome Central cord syndrome Paraplegia Posterior cord syndrome Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia) Peripheral nerves Nerve injury Peripheral nerve injury classification Wallerian degeneration Injury of accessory nerve Brachial plexus injury Traumatic neuroma
-
Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency Controversy
Wikipedia
Zamboni's first published research was neither blinded nor did it have a comparison group . [5] Zamboni also did not disclose his financial ties to Esaote, the manufacturer of the ultrasound specifically used in CCSVI diagnosis. [8] The "liberation procedure" has been criticized for possibly resulting in serious complications and deaths, while its purported benefits have not been proven. [5] [7] In 2012, the United States Food and Drug Administration states that it is not clear if CCSVI exists as a clinical entity and that these treatments may cause more harm. [9] In 2017 they emphasized that this use of balloon angioplasty is not an approved use. [10] In a 2017 study Zamboni et al. stated "Venous PTA cannot be recommended for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis." [11] In 2018 a study in Neurology concluded "Our data do not support the continued use of venoplasty of extracranial jugular and/or azygous venous narrowing to improve patient-reported outcomes, chronic MS symptoms, or the disease course of MS." [12] Research on CCSVI was fast-tracked, but researchers have been unable to find a connection between CCSVI and MS. [13] This has raised serious objections to the hypothesis of CCSVI originating multiple sclerosis. [14] Additional research investigating the CCSVI hypothesis is underway. [15] A 2013 study found that CCSVI is equally rare in people with and without MS, while narrowing of the cervical veins is equally common. [16] [17] Contents 1 Hypothesis 2 Pathophysiology 2.1 Venous malformations 2.2 Iron deposits 2.3 Genetics 3 Diagnosis 4 Treatment 4.1 All proposed treatments are experimental 4.2 Procedures 4.3 Adverse effects 5 History 6 Society and culture 6.1 Conflict of interest 6.2 Media 6.3 Reception in Canada 6.4 Organizations 7 Research 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Hypothesis [ edit ] Proposed consequences of CCSVI syndrome include intracranial hypoxia , delayed perfusion , reduced drainage of catabolites , increased transpulmonary pressure , [18] and iron deposits around the cerebral veins . [19] [20] Multiple sclerosis has been proposed as a possible outcome of CCSVI. ... CCSVI was first described using specialized extracranial and transcranial doppler sonography . [1] [21] Five ultrasound criteria of venous drainage have been proposed to be characteristic of the syndrome, although two are considered sufficient for diagnosis of CCSVI: [1] [21] [34] reflux in the internal jugular and vertebral veins, reflux in the deep cerebral veins , high-resolution B-mode ultrasound evidence of stenosis of the internal jugular vein, absence of flow in the internal jugular or vertebral veins on Doppler ultrasound, and reverted postural control of the main cerebral venous outflow pathways. ... The proposed treatment has been termed "liberation therapy" though the name has been criticized for suggesting unrealistic results. [14] Balloon angioplasty in a preliminary, uncontrolled, unblinded study by Zamboni improved symptoms in MS in a minority of treated people. [43] Although the procedure pushes the vein open temporarily, the effect does not persist, [21] supporters advise against using stents. [44] Venous percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has proven to be safe but due to its ineffectiveness is not recommended. [15] Adverse effects [ edit ] While the procedure has been reported to be generally safe for MS patients, [13] [40] [45] severe complications related to the angioplasty and stenting that have been reported include intracranial hemorrhage , stent migration into a renal vein , thrombosis and nerve compression syndrome of cranial nerves XI and XII. [13] [14] [36] One death case appeared in the scientific literature, while 3 other deaths have been related to CCSVI treatment in the media. [36] Some United States hospitals have banned the surgical procedure outside clinical trials due to safety concerns until more evidence to support its use is available. [7] [46] In May 2012 the U.S. ... External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : I87.8 MeSH : D014689 v t e Cardiovascular disease (vessels) Arteries , arterioles and capillaries Inflammation Arteritis Aortitis Buerger's disease Peripheral artery disease Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Foam cell Fatty streak Atheroma Intermittent claudication Critical limb ischemia Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis Arteriolosclerosis Hyaline Hyperplastic Cholesterol LDL Oxycholesterol Trans fat Stenosis Carotid artery stenosis Renal artery stenosis Other Aortoiliac occlusive disease Degos disease Erythromelalgia Fibromuscular dysplasia Raynaud's phenomenon Aneurysm / dissection / pseudoaneurysm torso : Aortic aneurysm Abdominal aortic aneurysm Thoracic aortic aneurysm Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva Aortic dissection Aortic rupture Coronary artery aneurysm head / neck Intracranial aneurysm Intracranial berry aneurysm Carotid artery dissection Vertebral artery dissection Familial aortic dissection Vascular malformation Arteriovenous fistula Arteriovenous malformation Telangiectasia Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Vascular nevus Cherry hemangioma Halo nevus Spider angioma Veins Inflammation Phlebitis Venous thrombosis / Thrombophlebitis primarily lower limb Deep vein thrombosis abdomen Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Budd–Chiari syndrome May–Thurner syndrome Portal vein thrombosis Renal vein thrombosis upper limb / torso Mondor's disease Paget–Schroetter disease head Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Post-thrombotic syndrome Varicose veins Gastric varices Portacaval anastomosis Caput medusae Esophageal varices Hemorrhoid Varicocele Other Chronic venous insufficiency Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency Superior vena cava syndrome Inferior vena cava syndrome Venous ulcer Arteries or veins Angiopathy Macroangiopathy Microangiopathy Embolism Pulmonary embolism Cholesterol embolism Paradoxical embolism Thrombosis Vasculitis Blood pressure Hypertension Hypertensive heart disease Hypertensive emergency Hypertensive nephropathy Essential hypertension Secondary hypertension Renovascular hypertension Benign hypertension Pulmonary hypertension Systolic hypertension White coat hypertension Hypotension Orthostatic hypotension
-
Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia
Wikipedia
Other symptoms of WM are due to the hyperviscosity syndrome , which is present in 6–20% of patients. [42] [43] [44] [45] This is attributed to the IgM monoclonal protein increasing the viscosity of the blood by forming aggregates to each other, binding water through their carbohydrate component and by their interaction with blood cells. [46] Diagnosis [ edit ] A diagnosis of Waldenström macroglobulinemia depends on a significant monoclonal IgM spike evident in blood tests and malignant cells consistent with the disease in bone marrow biopsy samples. [47] Blood tests show the level of IgM in the blood and the presence of proteins, or tumor markers, that are the key signs of WM. ... Complications such as hyperviscosity syndrome, symptomatic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, systemic amyloidosis , kidney failure , or symptomatic cryoglobulinemia were also suggested as indications for therapy. [61] Treatment includes the monoclonal antibody rituximab , sometimes in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs such as chlorambucil , cyclophosphamide , or vincristine or with thalidomide . [62] Corticosteroids , such as prednisone , may also be used in combination. Plasmapheresis can be used to treat the hyperviscosity syndrome by removing the paraprotein from the blood, although it does not address the underlying disease. [63] Ibrutinib is another agent that has been approved for use in this condition. ... "Incipient myelomatosis or "essential" hyperglobulinemia with fibrinognenopenia-a new syndrome?". Acta Med Scand . 117 (3–4): 216–247. doi : 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1944.tb03955.x . ^ Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J, Lister TA, Bloomfield CD (2000). ... Classification D ICD - 10 : C88.0 ICD - 9-CM : 273.3 ICD-O : M9761/3 OMIM : 153600 MeSH : D008258 DiseasesDB : 14030 External resources MedlinePlus : 000588 eMedicine : med/2395 v t e Leukaemias , lymphomas and related disease B cell ( lymphoma , leukemia ) (most CD19 CD20 ) By development/ marker TdT+ ALL ( Precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma ) CD5 + naive B cell ( CLL/SLL ) mantle zone ( Mantle cell ) CD22 + Prolymphocytic CD11c+ ( Hairy cell leukemia ) CD79a + germinal center / follicular B cell ( Follicular Burkitt's GCB DLBCL Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma ) marginal zone / marginal zone B-cell ( Splenic marginal zone MALT Nodal marginal zone Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma ) RS ( CD15 +, CD30 +) Classic Hodgkin lymphoma ( Nodular sclerosis ) CD20+ ( Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma ) PCDs / PP ( CD38 +/ CD138 +) see immunoproliferative immunoglobulin disorders By infection KSHV ( Primary effusion ) EBV Lymphomatoid granulomatosis Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder Classic Hodgkin lymphoma Burkitt's lymphoma HCV Splenic marginal zone lymphoma HIV ( AIDS-related lymphoma ) Helicobacter pylori ( MALT lymphoma ) Cutaneous Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma Primary cutaneous immunocytoma Plasmacytoma Plasmacytosis Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma T/NK T cell ( lymphoma , leukemia ) (most CD3 CD4 CD8 ) By development/ marker TdT+ : ALL ( Precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma ) prolymphocyte ( Prolymphocytic ) CD30+ ( Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma Lymphomatoid papulosis type A ) Cutaneous MF+variants indolent: Mycosis fungoides Pagetoid reticulosis Granulomatous slack skin aggressive: Sézary disease Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma Non-MF CD30 -: Non-mycosis fungoides CD30− cutaneous large T-cell lymphoma Pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma Lymphomatoid papulosis type B CD30 +: CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Secondary cutaneous CD30+ large-cell lymphoma Lymphomatoid papulosis type A Other peripheral Hepatosplenic Angioimmunoblastic Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified ( Lennert lymphoma ) Subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma By infection HTLV-1 ( Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma ) NK cell / (most CD56 ) Aggressive NK-cell leukemia Blastic NK cell lymphoma T or NK EBV ( Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma / Angiocentric lymphoma ) Large granular lymphocytic leukemia Lymphoid+ myeloid Acute biphenotypic leukaemia Lymphocytosis Lymphoproliferative disorders ( X-linked lymphoproliferative disease Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome ) Leukemoid reaction Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia with bandlike and perivascular patterns with nodular pattern Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin General Hematological malignancy leukemia Lymphoproliferative disorders Lymphoid leukemias v t e Immunoproliferative immunoglobulin disorders PCDs / PP Plasmacytoma Multiple myeloma ( Plasma cell leukemia ) MGUS IgM ( Macroglobulinemia / Waldenström's macroglobulinemia ) heavy chain ( Heavy chain disease ) light chain ( Primary amyloidosis ) Other hypergammaglobulinemia CryoglobulinemiaMYD88, PAX5, IGH, LPL, CXCR4, ANPEP, MYC, ZAP70, MALT1, CDR3, MYOM2, SDC1, CXCL12, AIMP2, TCL1A, GRAP2, TCL1B, AHSA1, ACSBG1, RNF19A, IBTK, POLDIP2, IGHV4-34, BCL11A, KRT20, EXOC2, RAPH1, MAPK1, NOS1, NOTCH2, NOS2, BCL6, BCL9, BLM, BRAF, BSG, BTK, SERPING1, CCND3, CD6, MS4A1, TNFRSF8, CD40LG, CD79A, CRK, MAPK14, CTNNB1, IL4, IRF4, CD200, NCAM1, CCND1, SLC35B2
-
Hypoglycemia
Wikipedia
Hypoglycemia due to hormone deficiencies such as hypopituitarism or adrenal insufficiency usually ceases when the appropriate hormone is replaced. Hypoglycemia due to dumping syndrome and other postsurgical conditions is best dealt with by altering diet. ... Reactive hypoglycemia with demonstrably low blood-glucose levels is most often a predictable nuisance that can be avoided by consuming fat and protein with carbohydrates, by adding morning or afternoon snacks, and reducing alcohol intake. Idiopathic postprandial syndrome without demonstrably low glucose levels at the time of symptoms can be more of a management challenge. ... "Characterizing sudden death and dead-in-bed syndrome in Type 1 diabetes: analysis from two childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes registries" . ... "Confirmation of hypoglycemia in the "dead-in-bed" syndrome, as captured by a retrospective continuous glucose monitoring system". ... National Library of Medicine. v t e Disease of the pancreas and glucose metabolism Diabetes Types type 1 type 2 gestational MODY 1 2 3 4 5 6 Complications See Template:Diabetes Abnormal blood glucose levels Hyperglycaemia Oxyhyperglycemia Hypoglycaemia Whipple's triad Insulin disorders Insulin resistance Hyperinsulinism Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome Other pancreatic disorders Insulinoma Insulitis v t e Clinical biochemistry blood tests Electrolytes Sodium Potassium Chloride Calcium Renal function Creatinine Urea BUN-to-creatinine ratio Plasma osmolality Serum osmolal gap Acid-base Anion gap Arterial blood gas Base excess Bicarbonate CO 2 content Lactate Iron tests Ferritin Serum iron Transferrin saturation Total iron-binding capacity Transferrin Transferrin receptor Hormones ACTH stimulation test Thyroid function tests Thyroid-stimulating hormone Metabolism Blood glucose Hemoglobin A1c Lipid panel LDL HDL Triglycerides Total cholesterol Basic metabolic panel Comprehensive metabolic panel Cardiovascular Cardiac marker Troponin test CPK-MB test Lactate dehydrogenase Myoglobin Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB Liver function tests Proteins Human serum albumin Serum total protein ALP transaminases ALT AST AST/ALT ratio GGT Bilirubin Unconjugated Conjugated Pancreas Amylase Lipase Pancreatic lipase Small molecules Blood sugar level Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia Nitrogenous Azotemia Hyperuricemia Hypouricemia Proteins LFT Elevated transaminases Elevated ALP Hypoproteinemia Hypoalbuminemia Other Elevated alpha-fetoproteinABCC8, IGF2, SERAC1, HNF1A, INS, IL1B, TNF, SOD2, CACNA1C, GSR, SERPINA1, PPARA, CRH, PNMT, TH, GH1, GRIN2B, IGF1, G6PC, INSR, KCNJ11, HNF4A, ACADM, CPT1A, HADHA, GHSR, TANGO2, PGM1, HADH, PC, SETD2, AGL, PCK1, NR3C1, MEN1, MPI, TFAM, DBH, EIF2AK3, EIF2S3, ETFDH, NDUFS2, PTEN, FBP1, UQCRC2, GHR, SLC22A5, SLC37A4, HMGCL, UQCRB, NFKB2, PURA, GLI2, GLP1R, MPC1, NBAS, HSD17B10, NR1H4, PYGL, NDUFAF1, ROBO1, HMGCS2, TIMMDC1, HRAS, MRPS2, SEPSECS, RARB, WARS2, KCNMA1, NDUFS3, NDUFS4, NDUFS6, NDUFS8, NDUFV2, PPP2R5D, NOTCH3, OTC, OTX2, PPM1B, PCCA, PCCB, PCK2, NNT, GPR161, PHKA2, POU1F1, MLYCD, NDUFV1, NDUFS1, MRPS7, NDUFB10, CDON, PROP1, NDUFAF4, ACAD9, LRPPRC, APC2, NDUFB11, NDUFAF3, MPV17, MTO1, ND1, ND2, ND3, NDUFA1, NDUFA6, NDUFB3, NDUFB9, GPC3, GJA1, GK, PROKR2, SLC35A2, CA5A, SLC25A20, MICOS13, COG7, NDUFAF2, LHX4, COG8, NUBPL, CAMKMT, EHMT1, CYB561, NDUFAF5, DBT, CTDP1, DGUOK, DLD, NDUFA11, SGPL1, NSD1, BCS1L, ACADSB, KCNMA1-AS1, ACAT1, SUCLG1, ZGLP1, UQCC3, HESX1, ALDOB, NDUFS7, GOLGA6A, PTF1A, ACSF3, ATP5F1D, ATP7A, AUH, BCKDHA, BCKDHB, DPP4, CYP21A2, MTOR, GALT, FAH, RCBTB1, GPC4, PNPO, SLC52A1, MCCC2, PREPL, GCDH, WDR11, GCG, RNF125, GCK, SLC5A2, SAMD9, SLC3A1, DMXL2, FOXRED1, POMC, SOX3, MCCC1, ETFA, ETFB, TMEM126B, CYP2C9, ALB, SLC2A4, ACE, DSPP, FFAR1, SI, MGAM, SLC2A1, AKT2, GLUD1, HIF1A, NPY, SST, VEGFA, PRL, PIK3CA, ADRB2, TXN, KCNH2, GPR119, SLC5A1, UCP2, SLC2A2, IGFBP3, NFE2L2, SELENBP1, MAPK8, PPP1R13L, SHBG, ADIPOQ, TXNIP, SLC2A3, RNH1, PRKAA1, REN, AKT3, PIK3CG, PIK3CD, KDR, APRT, BDNF, ANTXR2, CPT2, CHPT1, GABPA, GDF1, CCHCR1, SHC3, GPT, HK1, IAPP, IL6, GIP, ARFIP2, PIK3CB, MFAP1, DNM1L, KCNH6, ARID1B, KL, MTA2, SEMA6A, SLC16A7, LPAR2, PDIA2, FTO, DHDDS, SOCS3, DAPK2, RPAIN, TIGAR, SLC52A3, SORCS1, CXCR6, CPT1C, SLC39A14, TBPL2, MIR155, MIR665, EMSLR, RIPK1, IRS2, KHSRP, TMPRSS11D, ACKR3, SOCS7, SH3BP1, GAL, ERO1A, PIAS1, HNRNPDL, CRYL1, PADI1, HGH1, FGF19, SIRT6, GLS2, KEAP1, RAPGEF5, WWOX, UQCRQ, KMT2B, DCAF1, FGF21, ROBO4, BNC2, DEPP1, VPS13C, TUBB3, H6PD, TMEM132A, MARCHF1, DENR, ACADL, MLRL, AAAS, TIMM8A, DNMT1, ARID3A, DSC3, EDNRA, EGFR, ELAVL1, ENO1, ENO2, ERBB4, ESRRA, F2R, F3, FBN1, FGF1, FGF2, FOS, NR5A1, GCGR, GHRH, GHRHR, GIPR, GLA, GCLC, GPER1, GPR42, GRIN1, GSK3B, GYS1, CYP2C8, CTNNB1, CRMP1, BID, ACADVL, ADCY5, ADRA1A, ADRA2B, AHR, AIF1, AKT1, APOE, APP, AQP4, AQP7, ARNT, AVP, BRS3, CRIP1, C3, CALD1, CCND2, CD34, CD36, CD59, LRBA, CDH15, CEBPA, CHAT, CHGA, CKB, CREM, FOXA2, HNRNPC, HNRNPL, SSTR4, PRKAR1A, PSMB9, PTHLH, RAD21, RB1, RIT2, RORC, SELP, SIAH2, ST3GAL4, SLC16A1, SLC22A1, SREBF1, STAR, PRKAA2, STAT5A, STAT5B, SYK, TAP1, TCF7L2, TGM2, TP53, TRH, UGDH, UTRN, VCAM1, CNBP, KMT2D, PRKAB1, PPY, AGFG1, MC4R, HTC2, IFNG, IGFBP6, KCNQ1, KHK, KIT, LEP, LEPR, LGALS1, LIPE, LPL, SMAD3, MAFD2, MET, PTPA, NR3C2, MTHFR, NHS, NUCB2, P4HB, PECAM1, PFKFB3, ABCB1, PIK3R2, POR, POU2F1, PPARD, PPARG, LOC102723407