Research indicates that purging disorder, while not rare, is not as commonly found as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. [3] This syndrome is associated with clinically significant levels of distress, and that it appears to be distinct from bulimia nervosa on measures of hunger and ability to control food intake.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . v t e HIV/AIDS in North America Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States Dependencies and other territories Anguilla Aruba Bermuda Bonaire British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Greenland Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saba Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands v t e HIV / AIDS topics HIV/AIDS HIV HIV Lentivirus structure and genome subtypes CDC classification disease progression rates HIV/AIDS diagnosis management pathophysiology prevention research vaccination PrEP WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease Children Teens / Adults Countries by AIDS prevalence rate Conditions Signs and symptoms AIDS-defining clinical condition Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome Lipodystrophy Nephropathy Neurocognitive disorders Pruritus Superinfection Tuberculosis co-infection HIV Drug Resistance Database Innate resistance to HIV Serostatus HIV-positive people Nutrition Pregnancy History History Epidemiology Multiple sex partners Timeline AIDS Museum Timothy Ray Brown Women and HIV/AIDS Social AIDS orphan Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS Circumcision and HIV Criminal transmission Discrimination against people Economic impact Cost of treatment HIV-affected community HIV/AIDS activism HIV/AIDS denialism Red ribbon Safe sex Sex education List of HIV-positive people People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement HIV/AIDS in the porn industry Culture Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories International AIDS Conference International AIDS Society Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) The SING Campaign Solidays Treatment Action Campaign World AIDS Day YAA/Youthforce "Free Me" Larry Kramer Gay Men's Health Crisis ACT UP Silence=Death Project HIV/AIDS pandemic by region / country Africa Angola Benin Botswana Democratic Republic of the Congo Egypt Eswatini Ethiopia Ghana Guinea Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Tanzania South Africa Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe North America Canada Mexico El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua United States New York City Caribbean Haiti Jamaica Dominican Republic South America Bolivia Brazil Colombia Guyana Peru Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China (PRC) ( Yunnan ) East Timor India Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Jordan North Korea Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Burma) Nepal Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Taiwan (ROC) Thailand United Arab Emirates Turkey Vietnam Europe United Kingdom Russia Ukraine Oceania Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
"Blackwater fever caused by Plasmodium vivax infection in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome" . Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) . 296 (6625): 827. doi : 10.1136/bmj.296.6625.827 .
Biallelic mutation in the CNTNAP1 gene can also cause lethal congenital contracture syndrome-7 (LCCS7; 616286), a similar disorder with more prominent congenital contractures.
Radiation sickness is also called acute radiation syndrome or radiation poisoning. Radiation sickness is not caused by common imaging tests that use low-dose radiation, such as X-rays or CT scans.
A rare vascular tumor characterized by a solitary lesion in the superficial or deep soft tissue of the extremities, most often originating from a small vein as a fusiform intravascular mass also infiltrating surrounding tissues. It is composed of epithelioid endothelial cells arranged in short cords and nests in a myxohyaline stroma. Patients present with an often painful nodule which may be associated with edema or thrombophlebitis. In classic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma lacking atypical histological features metastatic rate and mortality are low.
Some of the symptoms of less advanced cancer include chronic cough, coughing up blood, chest pain, hoarseness, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest pain, weight loss, and loss of appetite. [14] A few more symptoms associated with the early progression of the disease are feeling weak, being very tired, having trouble swallowing, swelling in the face or neck, and continuous or recurring infections such as bronchitis or pneumonia. [4] [14] [15] Signs of more advanced cases include bone pain, nervous-system changes (headache, weakness, dizziness, balance problems, seizures), jaundice, lumps near the surface of the body, numbness of extremities due to Pancoast syndrome , and nausea, vomiting, and constipation brought on by hypercalcemia . [14] [15] Some more of the symptoms that indicate further progression of the cancer include shortness of breath, superior vena cava syndrome , trouble swallowing, large amounts of mucus, weakness, fatigue, and hoarseness. [15] Cause [ edit ] Smoking is by far the leading risk factor for lung cancer. [16] Cigarette smoke contains more than 6,000 components, many of which lead to DNA damage [17] (see table of tobacco-related DNA damages in Tobacco smoking ). ... "Epigenetic inactivation of the premature aging Werner syndrome gene in human cancer" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 103 (23): 8822–7.
External links [ edit ] Cryptomnesia - The Skeptic's Dictionary v t e Human memory Basic concepts Encoding Storage Recall Attention Consolidation Neuroanatomy Types Sensory Echoic Eidetic Eyewitness Haptic Iconic Motor learning Visual Short-term " The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two " Working memory Intermediate Long-term Active recall Autobiographical Explicit Declarative Episodic Semantic Flashbulb Hyperthymesia Implicit Meaningful learning Personal-event Procedural Rote learning Selective retention Tip of the tongue Forgetting Amnesia anterograde childhood post-traumatic psychogenic retrograde transient global Decay theory Forgetting curve Interference theory Memory inhibition Motivated forgetting Repressed memory Retrieval-induced forgetting Selective amnesia Weapon focus Memory errors Confabulation False memory Hindsight bias Imagination inflation List of memory biases Memory conformity Mere-exposure effect Misattribution of memory Misinformation effect Source-monitoring error Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome Research Art of memory Memory and aging Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm Exceptional memory Indirect tests of memory Lost in the mall technique Memory disorder Memory implantation Methods used to study memory The Seven Sins of Memory Effects of exercise on memory In society Collective memory Cultural memory False memory syndrome Memory and social interactions Memory sport Politics of memory Shas Pollak World Memory Championships Related topics Absent-mindedness Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model Context-dependent memory Childhood memory Cryptomnesia Effects of alcohol Emotion and memory Exosomatic memory Flashbacks Free recall Involuntary memory Levels-of-processing effect Memory and trauma Memory improvement Metamemory Mnemonic Muscle memory Priming Intertrial Prospective memory Recovered-memory therapy Retrospective memory Sleep and memory State-dependent memory Transactive memory People Robert A.
Other Genes of Interest in the Differential Diagnosis of Schmid Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia View in own window Gene Disorder 1 MOI Clinical Features of Differential Diagnosis Disorder Overlapping w/SMCD Distinguishing from SMCD EFL1 Shwachman-Diamond syndrome 2 (OMIM 617941) AR Short stature Metaphyseal widening & irregularities Skeletal changes usually mild Metaphyseal changes usually greatest in ribs Extraskeletal features: exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, neutropenia, ↑ infections, anemia MMP9 Metaphyseal anadysplasia type 2 (Maroteaux type; OMIM 613073) AR Genu varum Metaphyseal dysplasia Short limbs incl rhizomelia Apparent in 1st few mos of life but resolves spontaneously w/age Epiphyseal dysplasia Generalized osteopenia Normal stature by adolescence MMP13 Metaphyseal anadysplasia type 1 (Spranger type; OMIM 602111) AD Genu varum Short limbs incl rhizomelia Severe metaphyseal changes in long bones (irregularities, widening, marginal blurring) Apparent in 1st few mos of life but resolves spontaneously w/age Epiphyseal dysplasia Generalized osteopenia Normal stature by adolescence Metaphyseal dysplasia, Spahr type (OMIM 250400) AR Genu varum Metaphyseal dysplasia Moderate short stature Abnormal ribs Carpal bone hypoplasia Iliac crest irregularity in childhood PTH1R Metaphyseal dysplasia, Jansen type (OMIM 156400) AD Genu varum Short stature Metaphyseal dysplasia Waddling gait ± dysmorphic features: prominent superciliary arches, exophthalmos Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria Metaphyseal changes more severe Sclerosis of skull in late adulthood RMRP Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (metaphyseal dysplasia, McKusick type, anauxetic dysplasia; OMIM 250250) AR Genu varum Short-limbed short stature Variable metaphyseal dysplasia Coxa vara rarely seen Extraskeletal features: fine/sparse hair, immune dysfunction, transient macrocytic anemia, Hirschsprung disease Ligament laxity RUNX2 Metaphyseal dysplasia w/maxillary hypoplasia (OMIM 156510) AD Metaphyseal flaring of long bones Short stature Broad clavicles Maxillary hypoplasia Variable brachydactyly SBDS Metaphyseal dysplasia w/pancreatic insufficiency & cyclic neutropenia (Shwachman-Diamond syndrome) AR Short stature Mild metaphyseal irregularities Skeletal changes usually mild Metaphyseal changes usually greatest in ribs Extraskeletal features: exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, neutropenia, ↑ infections, anemia AD = autosomal dominant; AR = autosomal recessive; SMCD = Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia; MOI = mode of inheritance 1.
Animal Model McNamara et al. (1989) found that the cystine defect in cystinuric stone-forming dogs is reflected in isolated brush-border membranes, whereas the alteration responsible for the cystinuria of Basenji dogs with Fanconi syndrome did not appear to have a membrane locus. In an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis screen for recessive mutations, Peters et al. (2003) identified a mutant mouse with elevated concentrations of lysine, arginine, and ornithine in urine, displaying the clinical syndrome of urolithiasis and its complications.
Clinical Features Classic Severe MSUD Menkes et al. (1954) reported a familial syndrome in which 4 sibs had progressive infantile cerebral dysfunction associated with an unusual urinary substance. ... The urine had an odor resembling maple syrup. Referring to the syndrome as 'maple syrup urine disease,' Westall et al. (1957) found that the levels of branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine, were greatly elevated.
Classic maple syrup urine disease (classic MSUD) is the most severe and probably common form of MSUD (see this term) characterized by a maple syrup odor in the cerumen at birth, poor feeding, lethargy and focal dystonia, followed by progressive encephalopathy and central respiratory failure if untreated. Epidemiology Birth prevalence of MSUD is estimated at around 1/150,000. Classic MSUD may account for 50-75% of cases. Clinical description Onset of classic MSUD occurs in the neonatal period (usually 12 hours after birth) with the presence of a maple syrup odor in the cerumen and later in urine, poor feeding and drowsiness. Progressive encephalopathy with lethargy, intermittent apnea, stereotyped movements (described as "fencing" and bicycling") and opisthotonus occur in the first few days of life. Without treatment, coma and central respiratory failure occur by days 7 to 10.
For iris: iris nevus, iris pigment epithelial cyst, iris stromal cyst, metastatic tumor of the iris, melanocytoma, iris atrophy and Cogan-Reese syndrome. For ciliary body: staphyloma, medulloepithelioma and leiomyoma. ... Washington Post . ^ Masoomian B, Shields JA, Shields CL (2018) Overview of BAP1 cancer predisposition syndrome and the relationship to uveal melanoma.
Intraocular melanoma is a cancer of the pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) in the middle layer of the eye, called the uveal tract . The uveal tract has 3 main parts: (1) the choroid (the tissue layer filled with blood vessels); (2) the ciliary body (the ring of muscle tissue that changes the size of the pupil and the shape of the lens); and (3) the iris (the colored part of the eye). Most cases (90%) of intraocular melanoma develop in the choroid, called choroidal melanoma; the ciliary body is less commonly a site of origin, and the iris is the least common. Each manifests with different clinical features and symptoms. Treatment depends on the site of origin (choroid, ciliary body, or iris), size and location of the tumor, the age of the individual, and other factors.
Uveal melanoma is a rare tumor of the eye, arising from the choroid in 90% of cases and from the iris and ciliary body in the other 10% of cases, which clinically presents with visual symptoms (including blurred vision, photopsia, floaters, and visual field reduction), a visible mass and pain. Fatal metastatic disease is seen in about half of all patients, with the liver being the most frequent site of metastasis.
However, a few factors have been identified which may contribute to increased risk of OGCTs including endometriosis , polycystic ovarian syndrome , and genetic risk factors. [20] Individuals who are more prone to developing OGCTs usually contain the autosomal dominant , BRCA-1 / BRCA-2 , mutations. [20] Complications with other cancers such as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer , also known as the Lynch syndrome , increases the risk of developing ovarian cancer . [20] Pregnancy, breastfeeding, and oral contraceptives are known to have reduced risk for OGCTs. [20] The etiology of OGCT is still under study, however, genetic alterations may contribute to development of OGCTs, such as the classical tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes .
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors , commonly referred to as SSRIs, are considered first line pharmacotherapy for depression in late life as they are more tolerable and safer than other antidepressants. [20] Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are considered second-line but also can be useful for patients suffering from chronic pain. [21] [22] Atypical antidepressants such as bupropion and mirtazapine have not been studied extensively in older adults but appear to offer some benefit. [23] [24] Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) similarly have been shown to offer some benefit, but have not been studied extensively [25] MAOIs must be used with caution to prevent side effects such as serotonin syndrome and adrenergic crisis . [26] Tricyclic antidepressants are no longer the first line therapy for depression, but can still benefit patients who do not respond to initial therapies. [22] TCAs have also demonstrated a unique ability to prevent re-occurrence of depression following electroconvulsive therapy. [27] [28] [29] TCAs are typically not used initially due to their side effects and risk from overdose compared to SSRIs. [30] [31] A TCA overdose can be fatal at a much lower dose than SSRIs. [31] Antidepressants, in general, may also work by playing a neuroprotective role in how they relieve anxiety and depression. ... "Problem solving therapy for the depression-executive dysfunction syndrome of late life". Int J Geriatr Psychiatry . 23 (8): 782–8. doi : 10.1002/gps.1988 .