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Lymphangioma Circumscriptum
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : D18.1 ( ILDS D18.130) External resources eMedicine : article/1086806 v t e Tumours of blood vessels Blood vessel Hemangiosarcoma Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome Hemangioendothelioma Composite Endovascular papillary Epithelioid Kaposiform Infantile Retiform ) Spindle cell Proliferating angioendotheliomatosis Hemangiopericytoma Venous lake Kaposi's sarcoma African cutaneous African lymphadenopathic AIDS-associated Classic Immunosuppression-associated Hemangioblastoma Hemangioma Capillary Cavernous Glomeruloid Microvenular Targeted hemosiderotic Angioma Cherry Seriginosum Spider Tufted Universal angiomatosis Angiokeratoma of Mibelli Angiolipoma Pyogenic granuloma Lymphatic Lymphangioma / lymphangiosarcoma Lymphangioma circumscriptum Acquired progressive lymphangioma PEComa Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Cystic hygroma Multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis Lymphangiomatosis Either Angioma / angiosarcoma Angiofibroma This oncology article is a stub .
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Neonatal Hypocalcemia
Wikipedia
Another hypothesis includes impaired secretion of PTH or Parathyroid hormone. [2] Cause [ edit ] Risk factors of early neonatal hypocalcemia Prematurity Perinatal asphyxia Diabetes mellitus in the mother Maternal hyperparathyroidism Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) Iatrogenic Risk factors [ edit ] Risk factors of late neonatal hypocalcemia Exogenous phosphate load Use of gentamicin Gender and ethnic: late neonatal hypocalcemia occurred more often in male infants and Hispanic infants Others Magnesium deficiency Transient hypoparathyroidism of newborn Hypoparathyroidism due to other causes (DiGeorge Syndrome) References [ edit ] ^ a b Vuralli, Dogus (2019-06-19).
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Pancreatic Tumor
Wikipedia
Elsevier. 2015. pp. 883–896. v t e Digestive system neoplasia GI tract Upper Esophagus Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Stomach Gastric carcinoma Signet ring cell carcinoma Gastric lymphoma MALT lymphoma Linitis plastica Lower Small intestine Duodenal cancer Adenocarcinoma Appendix Carcinoid Pseudomyxoma peritonei Colon/rectum Colorectal polyp : adenoma , hyperplastic , juvenile , sessile serrated adenoma , traditional serrated adenoma , Peutz–Jeghers Cronkhite–Canada Polyposis syndromes: Juvenile MUTYH-associated Familial adenomatous / Gardner's Polymerase proofreading-associated Serrated polyposis Neoplasm: Adenocarcinoma Familial adenomatous polyposis Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer Anus Squamous cell carcinoma Upper and/or lower Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Krukenberg tumor (metastatic) Accessory Liver malignant : Hepatocellular carcinoma Fibrolamellar Hepatoblastoma benign : Hepatocellular adenoma Cavernous hemangioma hyperplasia : Focal nodular hyperplasia Nodular regenerative hyperplasia Biliary tract bile duct : Cholangiocarcinoma Klatskin tumor gallbladder : Gallbladder cancer Pancreas exocrine pancreas : Adenocarcinoma Pancreatic ductal carcinoma cystic neoplasms : Serous microcystic adenoma Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Mucinous cystic neoplasm Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm Pancreatoblastoma Peritoneum Primary peritoneal carcinoma Peritoneal mesothelioma Desmoplastic small round cell tumor This article about a neoplasm is a stub .TP53, CDKN2A, KRAS, SMAD4, BRCA2, BRCA1, STK11, TERT, PTEN, APC, PALB2, SPINK1, TSC2, BAP1, EGFR, HIF1A, WT1, STAT3, MEN1, CXCL8, PDX1, MMP2, CTNNB1, TGFB1, CD44, SSTR2, CDH1, MMP9, PTGS2, NRP1, MSLN, PLAU, ATM, RNF43, GADD45A, PALLD, SST, PPARG, TNFSF10, PTCH1, TNF, RB1, SOD2, TGM2, AKT2, MYC, EPCAM, FXYD3, CD24, DAXX, IL24, PTHLH, TFPI2, RAP1GAP, LDHA, NR5A2, SSTR1, MAP2K4, KDR, TYMS, CNR1, AHR, CFLAR, MIR1179, CLPTM1, TNFRSF10B, CCL20, LY6E, VEGFB, CCAT1, LINC00673, TP63, EFEMP1, RAD51, ABO, RBBP8, EP300, FGF13, ZNRF3, CNR2, GAGE1, TYMP, FOXP1, NFKBIA, BCL2L1, IFNA5, NR4A1, RABL3, SYCP1, ANXA10, SLC29A1, ETAA1, IFNA2, AXL, ATRX, CDK4, KLF5, IFNA1, BCAR1, SUGCT, SSTR3, DPYD, EZH2, MET, TGFA, MTOR, CCKAR, CCKBR, APOE, FLT3LG, E2F1, CCND1, VHL, MDM2, PRKAR1A, CDKN2B, MGMT, FLI1, CHEK2, SLC12A3, MUC4, MC1R, MITF, MRE11, STK33, MUC1, NOTCH3, NBN, EWSR1, PARN, PDGFRB, GCGR, RAD51C, RAD51D, NEK8, USB1, RTEL1, TSC1, POT1, TINF2, CLCNKB, COL14A1, AAGAB, TTK, TERF2IP, BARD1, WRAP53, RAD50, CTC1, DKC1, TERC, BRIP1, NOP10, VEGFA, ACD, NHP2, PIK3CA, IL6, CXCR4, F3, S100A4, RAC1, PIK3CG, AGER, PIK3CB, EGF, GNAS, GSK3B, CD274, BCL2, AKT1, ITGB1, NFKB1, BNIP3, CDKN1B, BIRC5, PIM3, PIK3CD, ERBB2, LEPQTL1, F2RL1, S100P, SHH, MUC5AC, IGF1, RELA, SLC39A4, NTRK1, GPC1, CASP3, DCN, SFRP1, HGF, SDC1, TWIST1, CCN2, NOX4, PCNA, MMP14, VEGFC, GDNF, IL1A, IL1B, PLAUR, ATN1, PSCA, XIAP, FOXM1, MAPK1, ILK, ITGA6, HDAC7, MMP7, IL22, TLR9, TEX11, JUN, SRC, TGFBR1, LCN2, SPARC, HHIP, SMAD1, SFRP2, NRP2, MSX2, COPS5, F2RL3, CLDN1, SLC28A1, DCLK1, MAPK8, BAG3, MAPK3, PDHX, AGR2, NES, XRCC3, VDR, ABCB1, MMRN1, MTAP, NTS, NPTX2, RET, NGFR, S100A6, PALD1, MUC6, IRS2, C20orf181, LSM1, MUC2, SETD2, SCT, MAP2K7, H3P10, IL13, IGF1R, RUNX3, F2R, GCG, CEACAM5, HSPA5, HES1, ERCC2, FASLG, GHRH, NQO1, ERBB4, ALB, GLI1, HMOX1, GLP1R, CDKN1C, GSN, ALOX5, ANXA2, ELK3, GPI, BRAF, HSP90AA1, IL4, FN1, LTB4R, ACVRL1, FGF2, IL2, GAST, POSTN, TFIP11, CD40, CASP8, GIPC1, WWTR1, WSB1, B3GNT2, IGF2BP2, SULF1, KDM5B, ARPC1A, CD47, CIB1, CASP1, LYPLA1, NDRG1, CALR, SEMA3A, CACYBP, BBC3, PAK4, TXNIP, LYVE1, HPSE, RALBP1, TBC1D9, CAV1, SIRT2, SIRT3, PHLDA1, MGAT4A, PSD4, MGAT4B, CCK, CCNE1, MAP4K1, AMACR, PRMT3, OGFR, CD34, DAPK2, LILRB4, LDOC1, SLC7A11, PLA2G15, ENTPD5, CDA, ABCC5, LRPPRC, CHGA, IER3, NR1I2, KSR1, PROM1, CHKA, CHUK, CCR6, CCR7, RIOK3, RIPK1, ABCC3, BECN1, EIF3F, ABCC2, SOCS1, COL11A2, DENR, BHLHE40, LMO4, SORBS2, RECK, SPARCL1, H4C4, COX8A, DYSF, ARID1A, GATD3A, BCL10, TM4SF5, KIF20A, SEMA5A, CDC25B, DNM1L, CALB2, EIF4A3, HDAC9, DCAF1, KDM4A, IKBKE, ISG15, APOBEC3B, CXCL14, EI24, CDKN2D, GDF15, MAGED1, ATG5, COX5A, ADIPOQ, SLIT2, KLF4, ADGRG1, PTTG1, DLG5, AURKB, CDX2, EBAG9, CEBPA, DKK3, ANGPTL4, GLS2, ARMC5, PWAR4, GOLGA6A, ADM, PARP1, PTF1A, B3GNT6, IDO2, BHLHA15, SLC5A8, LINC00052, PWAR1, GATA5, OSBPL5, ACCS, NT5C1A, RPAIN, EVA1A, REG4, ALDH1A1, VMP1, CLPTM1L, COL18A1, CD276, TET1, PDGFD, ALDH2, DHDDS, HRNR, MIR127, MIR137, POTEF, MTCO2P12, GATD3B, MYB-AS1, MIR4656, ACTB, ACVR1, HOTTIP, ACVR1B, MIR1271, MIR1247, ADAM8, HOTAIR, CERNA2, MIR155, MIR374A, ADH5, MIR27A, MIR219A1, MIR216A, MIR214, MIR210, MIR21, MIR205, MIR204, MIR191, MIR185, EHMT1, ALK, DDR1, ALOX15, ARNTL, PARPBP, SLC35F6, ATR, ESRP1, KRT20, BAX, BGLAP, BMP4, FXYD5, WWOX, ZFR, RTRAF, TRIM33, BSG, NT5DC3, CHST15, A4GNT, MIA, GMNN, BTK, BUB1, CA2, CA9, MCAT, TMEM97, BHLHE22, RCBTB1, ADI1, FBXW7, NDRG2, MCPH1, SLC52A2, TRPM8, APEX1, WNK1, APLP2, GORASP1, APOC1, GAS5, IL21, KMT2C, CXCL16, SMURF1, ARHGDIB, AKR1B10, CHPT1, RETN, MUC13, DIABLO, MMP26, CCL28, FAS, ACSS2, KDM3A, NLRP2, RHOC, NCOA3, VTN, HMGA2, NFATC1, GJB2, PFKFB4, PFKFB3, PER1, PDGFA, CHMP1A, PAWR, GLS, SERPINE1, P2RY2, P2RX7, OSM, OGG1, ODC1, OAZ1, NTSR1, GOT2, NTRK3, SFN, NRAS, GP2, NOTCH1, NNMT, NME1, NM, GPER1, GSK3A, SERPINB5, SERPINE2, GH1, PRKCD, FOXO3, FLT1, FLT4, KLK7, RELN, PRSS1, PROX1, PRL, FUT2, GABBR1, GABPA, PRKCZ, GABRB3, GEM, PPY, GATA3, PMS1, PMAIP1, GATA4, PLK1, PLG, PLEC, GATA6, PLAT, PKM, GCY, NFE2L2, NCAM1, CLDN4, GSTP1, MBD1, MAGEA3, MAG, SMAD7, IFNG, SMAD2, IGFBP2, TACSTD2, CCN1, LUM, LOX, LIF, LGALS3, LGALS1, IHH, KRT8, IL3, KIT, IL4R, JAK2, JAK1, IL6R, ITGA2, ITGA1, IRS1, IRF2, IL6ST, IFNB1, MDK, IFNAR2, MSN, CEACAM6, GUCY2F, HGFAC, NRG1, HK2, HMGB1, MTRR, MTR, MTHFR, COX2, ONECUT1, HP, MSH2, MAP3K1, HRAS, MRC1, MPO, AGFG1, MMP10, HSF1, MME, KMT2A, ICAM1, ID1, IFNAR1, MAP3K5, PTH1R, PTN, PTPN11, RAB27B, DCC, TOP1, DDIT3, TMSB4X, TIMP1, TIAM1, THBS1, DHODH, TGFBR3, TGFBR2, TGFBI, TGFB2, DNM2, DPP4, TFRC, TFF2, TFF1, DUSP1, DUSP4, TEK, HNF1B, TAGLN, SYT1, DUSP6, ECT2, AURKA, EEF1B2P2, TP73, TRAF2, CYP2B6, CSF3, CLDN7, CPOX, CRMP1, CS, MAPK14, XRCC2, CSF1, WNT5A, CXCR2, VIP, EZR, CSF2, CSPG4, CYP1A2, CST1, CST6, VCAM1, VAV1, UTRN, UQCRFS1, CTNNA1, UMPS, CTNND1, TXN, CTSB, CTSD, SSTR5, EEF1G, EIF5A, RNASEL, F10, S100B, S100A12, S100A10, S100A8, FANCA, FANCC, S100A1, RRM1, RPS16, RPL19, ROCK1, RLN2, SAI1, FANCG, FAT1, RDX, FGF7, RARG, FGF10, RALB, RALA, FGFR2, FHIT, VEGFD, FOXO1, SAA3P, SCTR, EMD, EPHB2, MARK2, SPP1, SPOCK1, ENG, EPAS1, SOX15, SOX9, SOX2, EPHB1, SMO, SLPI, SLC16A1, SLC6A2, CCL2, SLC5A5, SLC2A1, SKIL, SIAH1, SFRP5, SFRP4, ERCC1, ESR1, SELP, CXCL12, ETS1, ETV4, NAT2
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Absent Adrenal Gland
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : Q89.1 ICD - 9-CM : 759.1 v t e Congenital endocrine disorders Pituitary Congenital hypopituitarism Thyroid Thyroid disease Persistent thyroglossal duct Thyroglossal cyst Congenital hypothyroidism Thyroid dysgenesis Thyroid dyshormonogenesis Pendred syndrome Parathyroid Congenital absence of parathyroid Adrenal Absent adrenal gland
- Propionic Acidemia Orphanet
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Catarrh
Wikipedia
Indeed, to the extent that it is still used, it is no longer viewed nosologically as a disease entity but instead as a symptom , a sign , or a syndrome of both. The term "catarrh" is found in medical sources from the United Kingdom. [3] The word has also been common in the folk medicine of Appalachia , where medicinal plants have been used to treat the inflammation and drainage associated with the condition. [4] Contents 1 Clinical relevance 2 Etymology 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Clinical relevance [ edit ] Because of the human ear's function of regulating the pressure within the head region, catarrh blockage may also cause discomfort during changes in atmospheric pressure.
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Severe Canavan Disease
Orphanet
Spongy degeneration of the brain can be observed in Leigh syndrome and glycine encephalopathy (see these terms) or other mitochondrial disorders and viral infections.
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Atypical Fibroxanthoma
Wikipedia
External links [ edit ] Classification D ICD - 10 : C49 ( ILDS C49.M12) v t e Connective / soft tissue tumors and sarcomas Not otherwise specified Soft-tissue sarcoma Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor Connective tissue neoplasm Fibromatous Fibroma / fibrosarcoma : Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans Desmoplastic fibroma Fibroma / fibromatosis : Aggressive infantile fibromatosis Aponeurotic fibroma Collagenous fibroma Diffuse infantile fibromatosis Familial myxovascular fibromas Fibroma of tendon sheath Fibromatosis colli Infantile digital fibromatosis Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis Plantar fibromatosis Pleomorphic fibroma Oral submucous fibrosis Histiocytoma / histiocytic sarcoma : Benign fibrous histiocytoma Malignant fibrous histiocytoma Atypical fibroxanthoma Solitary fibrous tumor Myxomatous Myxoma / myxosarcoma Cutaneous myxoma Superficial acral fibromyxoma Angiomyxoma Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour Fibroepithelial Brenner tumour Fibroadenoma Phyllodes tumor Synovial -like Synovial sarcoma Clear-cell sarcoma Lipomatous Lipoma / liposarcoma Myelolipoma Myxoid liposarcoma PEComa Angiomyolipoma Chondroid lipoma Intradermal spindle cell lipoma Pleomorphic lipoma Lipoblastomatosis Spindle cell lipoma Hibernoma Myomatous general: Myoma / myosarcoma smooth muscle : Leiomyoma / leiomyosarcoma skeletal muscle : Rhabdomyoma / rhabdomyosarcoma : Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Sarcoma botryoides Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma Leiomyoma Angioleiomyoma Angiolipoleiomyoma Genital leiomyoma Leiomyosarcoma Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis syndrome Multiple cutaneous leiomyoma Neural fibrolipoma Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma STUMP Complex mixed and stromal Adenomyoma Pleomorphic adenoma Mixed Müllerian tumor Mesoblastic nephroma Wilms' tumor Malignant rhabdoid tumour Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney Hepatoblastoma Pancreatoblastoma Carcinosarcoma Mesothelial Mesothelioma Adenomatoid tumor This Dermal and subcutaneous growths article is a stub .
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Gestational Choriocarcinoma
Wikipedia
Retrieved 10 August 2012 . v t e Germ cell tumors Germinomatous Germinoma Seminoma Dysgerminoma Nongerminomatous Embryonal carcinoma Endodermal sinus tumor/Yolk sac tumor Teratoma : Fetus in fetu Dermoid cyst Struma ovarii Strumal carcinoid Trophoblastic neoplasm : Gestational trophoblastic disease Hydatidiform mole Choriocarcinoma Placental site trophoblastic tumor Polyembryoma Gonadoblastoma v t e Tumors of the female urogenital system Adnexa Ovaries Glandular and epithelial / surface epithelial- stromal tumor CMS: Ovarian serous cystadenoma Mucinous cystadenoma Cystadenocarcinoma Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma Krukenberg tumor Endometrioid tumor Clear-cell ovarian carcinoma Brenner tumour Sex cord–gonadal stromal Leydig cell tumour Sertoli cell tumour Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour Thecoma Granulosa cell tumour Luteoma Sex cord tumour with annular tubules Germ cell Dysgerminoma Nongerminomatous Embryonal carcinoma Endodermal sinus tumor Gonadoblastoma Teratoma / Struma ovarii Choriocarcinoma Fibroma Meigs' syndrome Fallopian tube Adenomatoid tumor Uterus Myometrium Uterine fibroids/leiomyoma Leiomyosarcoma Adenomyoma Endometrium Endometrioid tumor Uterine papillary serous carcinoma Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia Uterine clear-cell carcinoma Cervix Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Clear-cell carcinoma SCC Glassy cell carcinoma Villoglandular adenocarcinoma Placenta Choriocarcinoma Gestational trophoblastic disease General Uterine sarcoma Mixed Müllerian tumor Vagina Squamous-cell carcinoma of the vagina Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia Vaginal cysts Vulva SCC Melanoma Papillary hidradenoma Extramammary Paget's disease Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia Bartholin gland carcinoma This oncology article is a stub .
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Idiopathic Hypersomnia
Orphanet
Differential diagnosis Clinical examination (based on a clinical interview, a sleep diary or on actimetry) eliminates chronic insufficient sleep syndrome. Sleep recordings exclude narcolepsy, circadian rhythm disorders or fragmented night sleep due to motor or respiratory events.
- Atrial Fibrillation, Familial, 9 Omim
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Smoldering Systemic Mastocytosis
Orphanet
Differential diagnosis Differential diagnoses include all the other forms of SM, as well as other causes of MC activation syndromes (MCAS): primary (clonal, but not fulfilling SM diagnostic criteria) MCAS; secondary MCAS where an IgE-dependent allergy or another reactive inflammatory disease process is present; and idiopathic MCAS where neither clonal MC nor an IgE-dependent allergy or another underlying condition/disease can be documented.
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Central Precocious Puberty
Orphanet
Differential diagnosis Differential diagnosis includes gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty (including familial male-limited precocious puberty, McCune-Albright syndrome (see these terms)), gonadal tumours, and benign premature thelarche or pubarche.
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Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Wikipedia
Less than 5% occur as part of hereditary familial or idiopathic multitumor syndromes. These include, in descending order of frequency, neurofibromatosis Recklinghausen (NF-1), Carney's triad (gastric GIST, pulmonary chondroma and extra- adrenal paraganglioma ), germline gain-of-function mutations in c-Kit / PDGFRA , and the Carney-Stratakis syndrome . [9] The Carney-Stratakis syndrome is a dyad of hereditary GIST and paraganglioma, that is caused by germline mutations in the mitochondrial tumor suppressor gene pathway involving the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits SDHD , SDHC and SDHB . [10] c-KIT mutations [ edit ] Approximately 85% GISTs are associated with an abnormal c-KIT pathway. c-KIT is a gene that encodes for a transmembrane receptor for a growth factor termed stem cell factor ( scf ). ... S2CID 12586147 . ^ AJCC manual ^ Agaimy A, Hartmann A (2010). "Hereditary and non-hereditary syndromic gastointestinal stromal tumours". ... "The triad of paragangliomas, gastric stromal tumours and pulmonary chondromas (Carney triad), and the dyad of paragangliomas and gastric stromal sarcomas (Carney-Stratakis syndrome): molecular genetics and clinical implications" . ... Cancer.Net: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Classification D ICD - 10 : D37 ICD - 10-CM : C49.A ICD-O : M8936/0 - M8936/3 OMIM : 606764 MeSH : D046152 DiseasesDB : 33849 External resources Orphanet : 44890 v t e Digestive system neoplasia GI tract Upper Esophagus Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Stomach Gastric carcinoma Signet ring cell carcinoma Gastric lymphoma MALT lymphoma Linitis plastica Lower Small intestine Duodenal cancer Adenocarcinoma Appendix Carcinoid Pseudomyxoma peritonei Colon/rectum Colorectal polyp : adenoma , hyperplastic , juvenile , sessile serrated adenoma , traditional serrated adenoma , Peutz–Jeghers Cronkhite–Canada Polyposis syndromes: Juvenile MUTYH-associated Familial adenomatous / Gardner's Polymerase proofreading-associated Serrated polyposis Neoplasm: Adenocarcinoma Familial adenomatous polyposis Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer Anus Squamous cell carcinoma Upper and/or lower Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Krukenberg tumor (metastatic) Accessory Liver malignant : Hepatocellular carcinoma Fibrolamellar Hepatoblastoma benign : Hepatocellular adenoma Cavernous hemangioma hyperplasia : Focal nodular hyperplasia Nodular regenerative hyperplasia Biliary tract bile duct : Cholangiocarcinoma Klatskin tumor gallbladder : Gallbladder cancer Pancreas exocrine pancreas : Adenocarcinoma Pancreatic ductal carcinoma cystic neoplasms : Serous microcystic adenoma Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Mucinous cystic neoplasm Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm Pancreatoblastoma Peritoneum Primary peritoneal carcinoma Peritoneal mesothelioma Desmoplastic small round cell tumor v t e Cell surface receptor deficiencies G protein-coupled receptor (including hormone ) Class A TSHR ( Congenital hypothyroidism 1 ) LHCGR ( Luteinizing hormone insensitivity , Leydig cell hypoplasia , Male-limited precocious puberty ) FSHR ( Follicle-stimulating hormone insensitivity , XX gonadal dysgenesis ) GnRHR ( Gonadotropin-releasing hormone insensitivity ) EDNRB ( ABCD syndrome , Waardenburg syndrome 4a , Hirschsprung's disease 2 ) AVPR2 ( Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 1 ) PTGER2 ( Aspirin-induced asthma ) Class B PTH1R ( Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ) Class C CASR ( Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ) Class F FZD4 ( Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy 1 ) Enzyme-linked receptor (including growth factor ) RTK ROR2 ( Robinow syndrome ) FGFR1 ( Pfeiffer syndrome , KAL2 Kallmann syndrome ) FGFR2 ( Apert syndrome , Antley–Bixler syndrome , Pfeiffer syndrome , Crouzon syndrome , Jackson–Weiss syndrome ) FGFR3 ( Achondroplasia , Hypochondroplasia , Thanatophoric dysplasia , Muenke syndrome ) INSR ( Donohue syndrome Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome ) NTRK1 ( Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis ) KIT ( KIT Piebaldism , Gastrointestinal stromal tumor ) STPK AMHR2 ( Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome II ) TGF beta receptors : Endoglin / Alk-1 / SMAD4 ( Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia ) TGFBR1 / TGFBR2 ( Loeys–Dietz syndrome ) GC GUCY2D ( Leber's congenital amaurosis 1 ) JAK-STAT Type I cytokine receptor : GH ( Laron syndrome ) CSF2RA ( Surfactant metabolism dysfunction 4 ) MPL ( Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia ) TNF receptor TNFRSF1A ( TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome ) TNFRSF13B ( Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency 2 ) TNFRSF5 ( Hyper-IgM syndrome type 3 ) TNFRSF13C ( CVID4 ) TNFRSF13B ( CVID2 ) TNFRSF6 ( Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome 1A ) Lipid receptor LRP : LRP2 ( Donnai–Barrow syndrome ) LRP4 ( Cenani–Lenz syndactylism ) LRP5 ( Worth syndrome , Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy 4 , Osteopetrosis 1 ) LDLR ( LDLR Familial hypercholesterolemia ) Other/ungrouped Immunoglobulin superfamily : AGM3, 6 Integrin : LAD1 Glanzmann's thrombasthenia Junctional epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia EDAR ( EDAR hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia ) PTCH1 ( Nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome ) BMPR1A ( BMPR1A juvenile polyposis syndrome ) IL2RG ( X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency ) See also cell surface receptorsKIT, PDGFRA, SDHB, SDHC, TULP3, NME7, SDHA, SUFU, IFT52, SMO, CDON, TGFBR2, HIPK2, RB1, CD3E, IFT88, DYRK2, PTCH2, SALL3, KIF3A, STK36, ZBTB11, C2CD3, IFT172, RPL24, PTCH1, B9D1, RAB23, HIPK1, CTNNA1, DMD, TMEM17, BOC, FOXF1, DISP1, GLI1, GLI2, GLI3, NDST1, IHH, GLIS2, NPC1, TMEM231, HHIP, CC2D2A, HHAT, ELP4, CDKN2A, H3P10, PIK3CB, PIK3CG, PIK3CD, PIK3CA, PAX3, MIR4683, HOTAIR, MIR34C, MIRLET7C, CD34, DPP4, E2F1, MTOR, MEN1, TPX2, RASSF1, BANK1, TESC, SLC2A4, SLC12A3, SNAI1, TP53, TSC1, REC8, AKT1
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Laryngospasm
Wikipedia
., "Laryngospam -The Best Treatment", Anesthesiology , 11 1998, Vol.89, 1293–1294 v t e Diseases of the respiratory system Upper RT (including URTIs , common cold ) Head sinuses Sinusitis nose Rhinitis Vasomotor rhinitis Atrophic rhinitis Hay fever Nasal polyp Rhinorrhea nasal septum Nasal septum deviation Nasal septum perforation Nasal septal hematoma tonsil Tonsillitis Adenoid hypertrophy Peritonsillar abscess Neck pharynx Pharyngitis Strep throat Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Retropharyngeal abscess larynx Croup Laryngomalacia Laryngeal cyst Laryngitis Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Laryngospasm vocal cords Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Vocal fold nodule Vocal fold paresis Vocal cord dysfunction epiglottis Epiglottitis trachea Tracheitis Laryngotracheal stenosis Lower RT / lung disease (including LRTIs ) Bronchial / obstructive acute Acute bronchitis chronic COPD Chronic bronchitis Acute exacerbation of COPD ) Asthma ( Status asthmaticus Aspirin-induced Exercise-induced Bronchiectasis Cystic fibrosis unspecified Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis obliterans Diffuse panbronchiolitis Interstitial / restrictive ( fibrosis ) External agents/ occupational lung disease Pneumoconiosis Aluminosis Asbestosis Baritosis Bauxite fibrosis Berylliosis Caplan's syndrome Chalicosis Coalworker's pneumoconiosis Siderosis Silicosis Talcosis Byssinosis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Bagassosis Bird fancier's lung Farmer's lung Lycoperdonosis Other ARDS Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema Pulmonary edema Löffler's syndrome / Eosinophilic pneumonia Respiratory hypersensitivity Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Hamman-Rich syndrome Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Sarcoidosis Vaping-associated pulmonary injury Obstructive / Restrictive Pneumonia / pneumonitis By pathogen Viral Bacterial Pneumococcal Klebsiella Atypical bacterial Mycoplasma Legionnaires' disease Chlamydiae Fungal Pneumocystis Parasitic noninfectious Chemical / Mendelson's syndrome Aspiration / Lipid By vector/route Community-acquired Healthcare-associated Hospital-acquired By distribution Broncho- Lobar IIP UIP DIP BOOP-COP NSIP RB Other Atelectasis circulatory Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary embolism Lung abscess Pleural cavity / mediastinum Pleural disease Pleuritis/pleurisy Pneumothorax / Hemopneumothorax Pleural effusion Hemothorax Hydrothorax Chylothorax Empyema/pyothorax Malignant Fibrothorax Mediastinal disease Mediastinitis Mediastinal emphysema Other/general Respiratory failure Influenza Common cold SARS Coronavirus disease 2019 Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis v t e Underwater diving Diving modes Atmospheric pressure diving Freediving Saturation diving Scuba diving Snorkeling Surface oriented diving Surface-supplied diving Unmanned diving Diving equipment Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment Human factors in diving equipment design Basic equipment Diving mask Snorkel Swimfin Breathing gas Bailout gas Bottom gas Breathing air Decompression gas Emergency gas supply Heliox Nitrox Oxygen Travel gas Trimix Buoyancy and trim equipment Buoyancy compensator Power inflator Dump valve Diving weighting system Ankle weights Integrated weights Trim weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression cylinder Decompression trapeze Dive computer Diving shot Jersey upline Jonline Diving suit Atmospheric diving suit Dry suit Sladen suit Standard diving suit Rash vest Wetsuit Dive skins Hot-water suit Helmets and masks Anti-fog Diving helmet Free-flow helmet Lightweight demand helmet Orinasal mask Reclaim helmet Shallow water helmet Standard diving helmet Diving mask Band mask Full-face mask Half mask Instrumentation Bottom timer Depth gauge Dive computer Dive timer Diving watch Helium release valve Pneumofathometer Submersible pressure gauge Mobility equipment Diving bell Closed bell Wet bell Diving stage Swimfin Monofin PowerSwim Towboard Diver propulsion vehicle Advanced SEAL Delivery System Cosmos CE2F series Dry Combat Submersible Human torpedo Motorised Submersible Canoe Necker Nymph R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle SEAL Delivery Vehicle Shallow Water Combat Submersible Siluro San Bartolomeo Wet Nellie Wet sub Safety equipment Alternative air source Octopus regulator Pony bottle Bolt snap Buddy line Dive light Diver's cutting tool Diver's knife Diver's telephone Through-water communications Diving bell Diving safety harness Emergency gas supply Bailout block Bailout bottle Lifeline Screw gate carabiner Emergency locator beacon Rescue tether Safety helmet Shark-proof cage Snoopy loop Navigation equipment Distance line Diving compass Dive reel Line marker Surface marker buoy Silt screw Underwater breathing apparatus Atmospheric diving suit Diving cylinder Burst disc Diving cylinder valve Diving helmet Reclaim helmet Diving regulator Mechanism of diving regulators Regulator malfunction Regulator freeze Single-hose regulator Twin-hose regulator Full face diving mask Open-circuit scuba Scuba set Bailout bottle Decompression cylinder Independent doubles Manifolded twin set Scuba manifold Pony bottle Scuba configuration Sidemount Sling cylinder Diving rebreathers Carbon dioxide scrubber Carleton CDBA CDLSE Cryogenic rebreather CUMA DSEA Dolphin Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor FROGS Halcyon PVR-BASC Halcyon RB80 IDA71 Interspiro DCSC KISS LAR-5 LAR-6 LAR-V LARU Porpoise Ray Siebe Gorman CDBA Siva Viper Surface-supplied diving equipment Air line Diver's umbilical Diving air compressor Gas panel Hookah Scuba replacement Sea Trek Snuba Standard diving dress Escape set Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus Momsen lung Steinke hood Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment Diving equipment manufacturers AP Diving Apeks Aqua Lung America Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique Beuchat René Cavalero Cis-Lunar Cressi-Sub Dacor DESCO Dive Xtras Divex Diving Unlimited International Drägerwerk Fenzy Maurice Fernez Technisub Oscar Gugen Heinke HeinrichsWeikamp Johnson Outdoors Mares Morse Diving Nemrod Oceanic Worldwide Porpoise Sub Sea Systems Shearwater Research Siebe Gorman Submarine Products Suunto Diving support equipment Access equipment Boarding stirrup Diver lift Diving bell Diving ladder Diving platform (scuba) Diving stage Downline Jackstay Launch and recovery system Messenger line Moon pool Breathing gas handling Air filtration Activated carbon Hopcalite Molecular sieve Silica gel Booster pump Carbon dioxide scrubber Cascade filling system Diver's pump Diving air compressor Diving air filter Water separator High pressure breathing air compressor Low pressure breathing air compressor Gas blending Gas blending for scuba diving Gas panel Gas reclaim system Gas storage bank Gas storage quad Gas storage tube Helium analyzer Nitrox production Membrane gas separation Pressure swing adsorption Oxygen analyser Oxygen compatibility Decompression equipment Built-in breathing system Decompression tables Diving bell Bell cursor Closed bell Clump weight Launch and recovery system Wet bell Diving chamber Diving stage Recreational Dive Planner Saturation system Platforms Dive boat Canoe and kayak diving Combat Rubber Raiding Craft Liveaboard Subskimmer Diving support vessel HMS Challenger (K07) Underwater habitat Aquarius Reef Base Continental Shelf Station Two Helgoland Habitat Jules' Undersea Lodge Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station SEALAB Tektite habitat Remotely operated underwater vehicles 8A4-class ROUV ABISMO Atlantis ROV Team CURV Deep Drone Épaulard Global Explorer ROV Goldfish-class ROUV Kaikō ROV Kaşif ROUV Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System Mini Rover ROV OpenROV ROV KIEL 6000 ROV PHOCA Scorpio ROV Sea Dragon-class ROV Seabed tractor Seafox drone Seahorse ROUV SeaPerch SJT-class ROUV T1200 Trenching Unit VideoRay UROVs Safety equipment Diver down flag Diving shot Hyperbaric lifeboat Hyperbaric stretcher Jackstay Jonline Reserve gas supply General Diving spread Air spread Saturation spread Hot water system Sonar Underwater acoustic positioning system Underwater acoustic communication Freediving Activities Aquathlon Apnoea finswimming Freediving Haenyeo Pearl hunting Ama Snorkeling Spearfishing Underwater football Underwater hockey Underwater ice hockey Underwater rugby Underwater target shooting Competitions Nordic Deep Vertical Blue Disciplines Constant weight (CWT) Constant weight without fins (CNF) Dynamic apnea (DYN) Dynamic apnea without fins (DNF) Free immersion (FIM) No-limits apnea (NLT) Static apnea (STA) Skandalopetra diving Variable weight apnea (VWT) Variable weight apnea without fins Equipment Diving mask Diving suit Hawaiian sling Polespear Snorkel (swimming) Speargun Swimfins Monofin Water polo cap Freedivers Deborah Andollo Peppo Biscarini Sara Campbell Derya Can Göçen Goran Čolak Carlos Coste Robert Croft Mandy-Rae Cruickshank Yasemin Dalkılıç Leonardo D'Imporzano Flavia Eberhard Şahika Ercümen Emma Farrell Francisco Ferreras Pierre Frolla Flavia Eberhard Mehgan Heaney-Grier Elisabeth Kristoffersen Loïc Leferme Enzo Maiorca Jacques Mayol Audrey Mestre Karol Meyer Stéphane Mifsud Alexey Molchanov Natalia Molchanova Dave Mullins Patrick Musimu Guillaume Néry Herbert Nitsch Umberto Pelizzari Annelie Pompe Michal Risian Stig Severinsen Tom Sietas Aharon Solomons Martin Štěpánek Walter Steyn Tanya Streeter William Trubridge Devrim Cenk Ulusoy Danai Varveri Alessia Zecchini Nataliia Zharkova Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming Organisations AIDA International Scuba Schools International Australian Underwater Federation British Freediving Association Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins Performance Freediving International Professional diving Occupations Ama Commercial diver Commercial offshore diver Hazmat diver Divemaster Diving instructor Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Diving supervisor Haenyeo Media diver Police diver Public safety diver Scientific diver Underwater archaeologist Military diving Army engineer diver Clearance diver Frogman List of military diving units Royal Navy ships diver Special Boat Service United States military divers U.S. ... Vandenberg HMS Ghurka Glen Strathallan SAS Good Hope Gothenburg Herzogin Cecilie Hilma Hooker Hispania HMS Hood HMAS Hobart Igara James Eagan Layne Captain Keith Tibbetts King Cruiser SMS Kronprinz Kyarra HMS Laforey USAT Liberty Louis Sheid USS LST-507 SMS Markgraf Mikhail Lermontov HMS M2 Maine Maloja HMS Maori Marguerite SS Mauna Loa USAT Meigs Mendi USCGC Mohawk Mohegan RMS Moldavia HMS Montagu MV RMS Mulheim Nagato Oceana USS Oriskany Oslofjord P29 P31 Pedernales Persier HMAS Perth SAS Pietermaritzburg Piłsudski Pool Fisher HMS Port Napier Preußen President Coolidge PS Queen Victoria Radaas Rainbow Warrior RMS Rhone Rondo Rosehill Rotorua Royal Adelaide Royal Charter Rozi HMS Safari Salem Express USS Saratoga USS Scuffle HMS Scylla HMS Sidon USS Spiegel Grove Stanegarth Stanwood Stella HMAS Swan USS Tarpon Thesis Thistlegorm Toa Maru Torrey Canyon SAS Transvaal U-40 U-352 U-1195 Um El Faroud Varvassi Walter L M Russ Washingtonian (1913) HMNZS Wellington USS Yancey Yongala Zenobia Zealandia Zingara Cave diving sites Blauhöhle Chinhoyi Caves Devil's Throat at Punta Sur Engelbrecht Cave Fossil Cave Jordbrugrotta Piccaninnie Ponds Pluragrotta Pollatoomary Sistema Ox Bel Ha Sistema Sac Actun Sistema Dos Ojos Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich Freshwater dives Dutch Springs Ewens Ponds Little Blue Lake Training sites Capernwray Dive Centre Deepspot National Diving and Activity Centre Stoney Cove Open ocean diving Blue-water diving Black-water diving Diving safety Human factors in diving equipment design Human factors in diving safety Life-support system Safety-critical system Scuba diving fatalities Diving hazards List of diving hazards and precautions Environmental Current Delta-P Entanglement hazard Overhead Silt out Wave action Equipment Freeflow Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus Single point of failure Physiological Cold shock response Decompression Nitrogen narcosis Oxygen toxicity Seasickness Uncontrolled decompression Diver behaviour and competence Lack of competence Overconfidence effect Panic Task loading Trait anxiety Willful violation Consequences Barotrauma Decompression sickness Drowning Hypothermia Hypoxia Hypercapnia Hyperthermia Diving procedures Ascending and descending Emergency ascent Boat diving Canoe and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Scuba gas planning Diver communications Diving hand signals Diving line signals Diver voice communications Diver rescue Diver training Doing It Right Drift diving Gas blending for scuba diving Night diving Solo diving Water safety Risk management Checklist Hazard identification and risk assessment Hazard analysis Job safety analysis Risk assessment Risk control Hierarchy of hazard controls Incident pit Lockout–tagout Permit To Work Redundancy Safety data sheet Situation awareness Diving team Bellman Chamber operator Diver medical technician Diver's attendant Diving supervisor Diving systems technician Gas man Life support technician Stand-by diver Equipment safety Breathing gas quality Testing and inspection of diving cylinders Hydrostatic test Sustained load cracking Diving regulator Breathing performance of regulators Occupational safety and health Approaches to safety Job safety analysis Risk assessment Toolbox talk Housekeeping Association of Diving Contractors International Code of practice Contingency plan Diving regulations Emergency procedure Emergency response plan Evacuation plan Hazardous Materials Identification System Hierarchy of hazard controls Administrative controls Engineering controls Hazard elimination Hazard substitution Personal protective equipment International Marine Contractors Association Occupational hazard Biological hazard Chemical hazard Physical hazard Psychosocial hazard Occupational hygiene Exposure assessment Occupational exposure limit Workplace health surveillance Safety culture Code of practice Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Health and safety representative Operations manual Safety meeting Standard operating procedure Diving medicine Diving disorders List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders Cramp Motion sickness Surfer's ear Pressure related Alternobaric vertigo Barostriction Barotrauma Air embolism Aerosinusitis Barodontalgia Dental barotrauma Pulmonary barotrauma Compression arthralgia Decompression illness Dysbarism Oxygen Freediving blackout Hyperoxia Hypoxia Oxygen toxicity Inert gases Avascular necrosis Decompression sickness Isobaric counterdiffusion Taravana Dysbaric osteonecrosis High-pressure nervous syndrome Hydrogen narcosis Nitrogen narcosis Carbon dioxide Hypercapnia Hypocapnia Breathing gas contaminants Carbon monoxide poisoning Immersion related Asphyxia Drowning Hypothermia Immersion diuresis Instinctive drowning response Laryngospasm Salt water aspiration syndrome Swimming-induced pulmonary edema Treatment Demand valve oxygen therapy First aid Hyperbaric medicine Hyperbaric treatment schedules In-water recompression Oxygen therapy Therapeutic recompression Personnel Diving Medical Examiner Diving Medical Practitioner Diving Medical Technician Hyperbaric nursing Screening Atrial septal defect Effects of drugs on fitness to dive Fitness to dive Psychological fitness to dive Research Researchers in diving physiology and medicine Arthur J.SCN4A, ANXA11, SOD1, TAF1, TSPYL1, VCP, TAF15, SQSTM1, VAPB, MATR3, FIG4, OPTN, ANG, UNC13A, TARDBP, CHMP2B, SRPX2, TBK1, UBQLN2, TREM2, GLT8D1, UBE3B, C9orf72, PPARGC1A, ATXN2, PRPH, GLE1, BTD, CFAP410, CCNF, DAO, DCTN1, EPHA4, ERBB4, FUS, GABRG2, GRIN2A, PON3, HNRNPA1, LAMA3, LAMB3, LAMC2, NEFH, NEK1, PFN1, PON1, PON2, CHCHD10
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Avascular Necrosis
Wikipedia
Specialty Orthopedics Symptoms Joint pain , decreased ability to move [1] Complications Osteoarthritis [1] Usual onset Gradual [1] Risk factors Bone fractures , joint dislocations , alcoholism , high dose steroids [1] Diagnostic method Medical imaging , biopsy [1] Differential diagnosis Osteopetrosis , rheumatoid arthritis , Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome , sickle cell disease [3] Treatment Medication, not walking on the affected leg, stretching, surgery [1] Frequency ~15,000 per year (US) [4] Avascular necrosis ( AVN ), also called osteonecrosis or bone infarction , is death of bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply . [1] Early on, there may be no symptoms. [1] Gradually joint pain may develop which may limit the ability to move. [1] Complications may include collapse of the bone or nearby joint surface. [1] Risk factors include bone fractures , joint dislocations , alcoholism , and the use of high-dose steroids . [1] The condition may also occur without any clear reason. [1] The most commonly affected bone is the femur. [1] Other relatively common sites include the upper arm bone, knee, shoulder, and ankle. [1] Diagnosis is typically by medical imaging such as X-ray , CT scan , or MRI . [1] Rarely biopsy may be used. [1] Treatments may include medication, not walking on the affected leg, stretching, and surgery. [1] Most of the time surgery is eventually required and may include core decompression , osteotomy , bone grafts , or joint replacement . [1] About 15,000 cases occur per year in the United States. [4] People 30 to 50 years old are most commonly affected. [3] Males are more commonly affected than females. [4] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Causes 3 Pathophysiology 4 Diagnosis 4.1 Types 5 Treatment 5.1 Core decompression 6 Prognosis 7 Epidemiology 8 Society and culture 9 References 10 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] In many cases, there is pain and discomfort in a joint which increases over time. ... When it occurs in children at the femoral head, it is known as Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome . [22] Society and culture [ edit ] Cases of avascular necrosis have been identified in a few high-profile athletes. ... (subscription required) External links [ edit ] Osteonecrosis / Avascular Necrosis at the National Institute of Health Osteonecrosis / Avascular necrosis at Merck Manual for patients Osteonecrosis / Avascular necrosis at Merck Manual for medical professionals Classification D ICD - 10 : M87 ICD - 9-CM : 733.4 MeSH : D010020 DiseasesDB : 1174 External resources MedlinePlus : 007260 eMedicine : med/2924 Orphanet : 399164 v t e Bone and joint disease Bone Inflammation endocrine : Osteitis fibrosa cystica Brown tumor infection : Osteomyelitis Sequestrum Involucrum Sesamoiditis Brodie abscess Periostitis Vertebral osteomyelitis Metabolic Bone density Osteoporosis Juvenile Osteopenia Osteomalacia Paget's disease of bone Hypophosphatasia Bone resorption Osteolysis Hajdu–Cheney syndrome Ainhum Gorham's disease Other Ischaemia Avascular necrosis Osteonecrosis of the jaw Complex regional pain syndrome Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy Nonossifying fibroma Pseudarthrosis Stress fracture Fibrous dysplasia Monostotic Polyostotic Skeletal fluorosis bone cyst Aneurysmal bone cyst Hyperostosis Infantile cortical hyperostosis Osteosclerosis Melorheostosis Pycnodysostosis Joint Chondritis Relapsing polychondritis Other Tietze's syndrome Combined Osteochondritis Osteochondritis dissecans Child leg: hip Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome tibia Osgood–Schlatter disease Blount's disease foot Köhler disease Sever's disease spine Scheuermann's_disease arm: wrist Kienböck's disease elbow Panner disease v t e Underwater diving Diving modes Atmospheric pressure diving Freediving Saturation diving Scuba diving Snorkeling Surface oriented diving Surface-supplied diving Unmanned diving Diving equipment Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment Human factors in diving equipment design Basic equipment Diving mask Snorkel Swimfin Breathing gas Bailout gas Bottom gas Breathing air Decompression gas Emergency gas supply Heliox Nitrox Oxygen Travel gas Trimix Buoyancy and trim equipment Buoyancy compensator Power inflator Dump valve Diving weighting system Ankle weights Integrated weights Trim weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression cylinder Decompression trapeze Dive computer Diving shot Jersey upline Jonline Diving suit Atmospheric diving suit Dry suit Sladen suit Standard diving suit Rash vest Wetsuit Dive skins Hot-water suit Helmets and masks Anti-fog Diving helmet Free-flow helmet Lightweight demand helmet Orinasal mask Reclaim helmet Shallow water helmet Standard diving helmet Diving mask Band mask Full-face mask Half mask Instrumentation Bottom timer Depth gauge Dive computer Dive timer Diving watch Helium release valve Pneumofathometer Submersible pressure gauge Mobility equipment Diving bell Closed bell Wet bell Diving stage Swimfin Monofin PowerSwim Towboard Diver propulsion vehicle Advanced SEAL Delivery System Cosmos CE2F series Dry Combat Submersible Human torpedo Motorised Submersible Canoe Necker Nymph R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle SEAL Delivery Vehicle Shallow Water Combat Submersible Siluro San Bartolomeo Wet Nellie Wet sub Safety equipment Alternative air source Octopus regulator Pony bottle Bolt snap Buddy line Dive light Diver's cutting tool Diver's knife Diver's telephone Through-water communications Diving bell Diving safety harness Emergency gas supply Bailout block Bailout bottle Lifeline Screw gate carabiner Emergency locator beacon Rescue tether Safety helmet Shark-proof cage Snoopy loop Navigation equipment Distance line Diving compass Dive reel Line marker Surface marker buoy Silt screw Underwater breathing apparatus Atmospheric diving suit Diving cylinder Burst disc Diving cylinder valve Diving helmet Reclaim helmet Diving regulator Mechanism of diving regulators Regulator malfunction Regulator freeze Single-hose regulator Twin-hose regulator Full face diving mask Open-circuit scuba Scuba set Bailout bottle Decompression cylinder Independent doubles Manifolded twin set Scuba manifold Pony bottle Scuba configuration Sidemount Sling cylinder Diving rebreathers Carbon dioxide scrubber Carleton CDBA CDLSE Cryogenic rebreather CUMA DSEA Dolphin Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor FROGS Halcyon PVR-BASC Halcyon RB80 IDA71 Interspiro DCSC KISS LAR-5 LAR-6 LAR-V LARU Porpoise Ray Siebe Gorman CDBA Siva Viper Surface-supplied diving equipment Air line Diver's umbilical Diving air compressor Gas panel Hookah Scuba replacement Sea Trek Snuba Standard diving dress Escape set Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus Momsen lung Steinke hood Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment Diving equipment manufacturers AP Diving Apeks Aqua Lung America Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique Beuchat René Cavalero Cis-Lunar Cressi-Sub Dacor DESCO Dive Xtras Divex Diving Unlimited International Drägerwerk Fenzy Maurice Fernez Technisub Oscar Gugen Heinke HeinrichsWeikamp Johnson Outdoors Mares Morse Diving Nemrod Oceanic Worldwide Porpoise Sub Sea Systems Shearwater Research Siebe Gorman Submarine Products Suunto Diving support equipment Access equipment Boarding stirrup Diver lift Diving bell Diving ladder Diving platform (scuba) Diving stage Downline Jackstay Launch and recovery system Messenger line Moon pool Breathing gas handling Air filtration Activated carbon Hopcalite Molecular sieve Silica gel Booster pump Carbon dioxide scrubber Cascade filling system Diver's pump Diving air compressor Diving air filter Water separator High pressure breathing air compressor Low pressure breathing air compressor Gas blending Gas blending for scuba diving Gas panel Gas reclaim system Gas storage bank Gas storage quad Gas storage tube Helium analyzer Nitrox production Membrane gas separation Pressure swing adsorption Oxygen analyser Oxygen compatibility Decompression equipment Built-in breathing system Decompression tables Diving bell Bell cursor Closed bell Clump weight Launch and recovery system Wet bell Diving chamber Diving stage Recreational Dive Planner Saturation system Platforms Dive boat Canoe and kayak diving Combat Rubber Raiding Craft Liveaboard Subskimmer Diving support vessel HMS Challenger (K07) Underwater habitat Aquarius Reef Base Continental Shelf Station Two Helgoland Habitat Jules' Undersea Lodge Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station SEALAB Tektite habitat Remotely operated underwater vehicles 8A4-class ROUV ABISMO Atlantis ROV Team CURV Deep Drone Épaulard Global Explorer ROV Goldfish-class ROUV Kaikō ROV Kaşif ROUV Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System Mini Rover ROV OpenROV ROV KIEL 6000 ROV PHOCA Scorpio ROV Sea Dragon-class ROV Seabed tractor Seafox drone Seahorse ROUV SeaPerch SJT-class ROUV T1200 Trenching Unit VideoRay UROVs Safety equipment Diver down flag Diving shot Hyperbaric lifeboat Hyperbaric stretcher Jackstay Jonline Reserve gas supply General Diving spread Air spread Saturation spread Hot water system Sonar Underwater acoustic positioning system Underwater acoustic communication Freediving Activities Aquathlon Apnoea finswimming Freediving Haenyeo Pearl hunting Ama Snorkeling Spearfishing Underwater football Underwater hockey Underwater ice hockey Underwater rugby Underwater target shooting Competitions Nordic Deep Vertical Blue Disciplines Constant weight (CWT) Constant weight without fins (CNF) Dynamic apnea (DYN) Dynamic apnea without fins (DNF) Free immersion (FIM) No-limits apnea (NLT) Static apnea (STA) Skandalopetra diving Variable weight apnea (VWT) Variable weight apnea without fins Equipment Diving mask Diving suit Hawaiian sling Polespear Snorkel (swimming) Speargun Swimfins Monofin Water polo cap Freedivers Deborah Andollo Peppo Biscarini Sara Campbell Derya Can Göçen Goran Čolak Carlos Coste Robert Croft Mandy-Rae Cruickshank Yasemin Dalkılıç Leonardo D'Imporzano Flavia Eberhard Şahika Ercümen Emma Farrell Francisco Ferreras Pierre Frolla Flavia Eberhard Mehgan Heaney-Grier Elisabeth Kristoffersen Loïc Leferme Enzo Maiorca Jacques Mayol Audrey Mestre Karol Meyer Stéphane Mifsud Alexey Molchanov Natalia Molchanova Dave Mullins Patrick Musimu Guillaume Néry Herbert Nitsch Umberto Pelizzari Annelie Pompe Michal Risian Stig Severinsen Tom Sietas Aharon Solomons Martin Štěpánek Walter Steyn Tanya Streeter William Trubridge Devrim Cenk Ulusoy Danai Varveri Alessia Zecchini Nataliia Zharkova Hazards Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia Historical Ama Octopus wrestling Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming Organisations AIDA International Scuba Schools International Australian Underwater Federation British Freediving Association Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins Performance Freediving International Professional diving Occupations Ama Commercial diver Commercial offshore diver Hazmat diver Divemaster Diving instructor Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Diving supervisor Haenyeo Media diver Police diver Public safety diver Scientific diver Underwater archaeologist Military diving Army engineer diver Clearance diver Frogman List of military diving units Royal Navy ships diver Special Boat Service United States military divers U.S. ... Vandenberg HMS Ghurka Glen Strathallan SAS Good Hope Gothenburg Herzogin Cecilie Hilma Hooker Hispania HMS Hood HMAS Hobart Igara James Eagan Layne Captain Keith Tibbetts King Cruiser SMS Kronprinz Kyarra HMS Laforey USAT Liberty Louis Sheid USS LST-507 SMS Markgraf Mikhail Lermontov HMS M2 Maine Maloja HMS Maori Marguerite SS Mauna Loa USAT Meigs Mendi USCGC Mohawk Mohegan RMS Moldavia HMS Montagu MV RMS Mulheim Nagato Oceana USS Oriskany Oslofjord P29 P31 Pedernales Persier HMAS Perth SAS Pietermaritzburg Piłsudski Pool Fisher HMS Port Napier Preußen President Coolidge PS Queen Victoria Radaas Rainbow Warrior RMS Rhone Rondo Rosehill Rotorua Royal Adelaide Royal Charter Rozi HMS Safari Salem Express USS Saratoga USS Scuffle HMS Scylla HMS Sidon USS Spiegel Grove Stanegarth Stanwood Stella HMAS Swan USS Tarpon Thesis Thistlegorm Toa Maru Torrey Canyon SAS Transvaal U-40 U-352 U-1195 Um El Faroud Varvassi Walter L M Russ Washingtonian (1913) HMNZS Wellington USS Yancey Yongala Zenobia Zealandia Zingara Cave diving sites Blauhöhle Chinhoyi Caves Devil's Throat at Punta Sur Engelbrecht Cave Fossil Cave Jordbrugrotta Piccaninnie Ponds Pluragrotta Pollatoomary Sistema Ox Bel Ha Sistema Sac Actun Sistema Dos Ojos Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich Freshwater dives Dutch Springs Ewens Ponds Little Blue Lake Training sites Capernwray Dive Centre Deepspot National Diving and Activity Centre Stoney Cove Open ocean diving Blue-water diving Black-water diving Diving safety Human factors in diving equipment design Human factors in diving safety Life-support system Safety-critical system Scuba diving fatalities Diving hazards List of diving hazards and precautions Environmental Current Delta-P Entanglement hazard Overhead Silt out Wave action Equipment Freeflow Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus Single point of failure Physiological Cold shock response Decompression Nitrogen narcosis Oxygen toxicity Seasickness Uncontrolled decompression Diver behaviour and competence Lack of competence Overconfidence effect Panic Task loading Trait anxiety Willful violation Consequences Barotrauma Decompression sickness Drowning Hypothermia Hypoxia Hypercapnia Hyperthermia Diving procedures Ascending and descending Emergency ascent Boat diving Canoe and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Scuba gas planning Diver communications Diving hand signals Diving line signals Diver voice communications Diver rescue Diver training Doing It Right Drift diving Gas blending for scuba diving Night diving Solo diving Water safety Risk management Checklist Hazard identification and risk assessment Hazard analysis Job safety analysis Risk assessment Risk control Hierarchy of hazard controls Incident pit Lockout–tagout Permit To Work Redundancy Safety data sheet Situation awareness Diving team Bellman Chamber operator Diver medical technician Diver's attendant Diving supervisor Diving systems technician Gas man Life support technician Stand-by diver Equipment safety Breathing gas quality Testing and inspection of diving cylinders Hydrostatic test Sustained load cracking Diving regulator Breathing performance of regulators Occupational safety and health Approaches to safety Job safety analysis Risk assessment Toolbox talk Housekeeping Association of Diving Contractors International Code of practice Contingency plan Diving regulations Emergency procedure Emergency response plan Evacuation plan Hazardous Materials Identification System Hierarchy of hazard controls Administrative controls Engineering controls Hazard elimination Hazard substitution Personal protective equipment International Marine Contractors Association Occupational hazard Biological hazard Chemical hazard Physical hazard Psychosocial hazard Occupational hygiene Exposure assessment Occupational exposure limit Workplace health surveillance Safety culture Code of practice Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Health and safety representative Operations manual Safety meeting Standard operating procedure Diving medicine Diving disorders List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders Cramp Motion sickness Surfer's ear Pressure related Alternobaric vertigo Barostriction Barotrauma Air embolism Aerosinusitis Barodontalgia Dental barotrauma Pulmonary barotrauma Compression arthralgia Decompression illness Dysbarism Oxygen Freediving blackout Hyperoxia Hypoxia Oxygen toxicity Inert gases Avascular necrosis Decompression sickness Isobaric counterdiffusion Taravana Dysbaric osteonecrosis High-pressure nervous syndrome Hydrogen narcosis Nitrogen narcosis Carbon dioxide Hypercapnia Hypocapnia Breathing gas contaminants Carbon monoxide poisoning Immersion related Asphyxia Drowning Hypothermia Immersion diuresis Instinctive drowning response Laryngospasm Salt water aspiration syndrome Swimming-induced pulmonary edema Treatment Demand valve oxygen therapy First aid Hyperbaric medicine Hyperbaric treatment schedules In-water recompression Oxygen therapy Therapeutic recompression Personnel Diving Medical Examiner Diving Medical Practitioner Diving Medical Technician Hyperbaric nursing Screening Atrial septal defect Effects of drugs on fitness to dive Fitness to dive Psychological fitness to dive Research Researchers in diving physiology and medicine Arthur J.MMP2, COL2A1, IL12A-AS1, ERAP1, HLA-B, HPGD, NOP10, IL10, IL12A, WRAP53, MEFV, PARN, GBA, RTEL1, PTPN11, SLCO2A1, TINF2, USP8, STAT4, TERC, TERT, TLR4, KLRC4, HBB, NHP2, CCR1, FAS, ARSB, UBAC2, SH3PXD2B, C4A, CA2, IL23R, SCARB2, CLCN7, CTC1, USB1, DKC1, CDH23, EXT1, EXT2, ELP1, F5, F2, IL17D, EGLN1, IL27, MYDGF, PER2, TNFSF11, ACR, BEST1, TNF, BGLAP, BMP2, BMP4, CD14, COMP, ACE, DMD, EDN1, FGF2, IL9R, LEP, LPA, MTHFR, ALDH2, PLG, SREBF2, SST, TIMP1, TIMP2, NOS3
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Breast Hypertrophy
Wikipedia
., penicillamine , cyclosporine , bucillamine ), autoimmunity -associated, tumors , and syndromes . [18] Two case reports of prepubertal breast hypertrophy, both in infants, have been reported. [19] [20] [21] Causes [ edit ] The underlying cause of the rapidly growing breast connective tissue, resulting in gigantic proportions, has not been well-elucidated. However, proposed factors have included increased levels/expression of or heightened sensitivity to certain hormones (e.g., estrogen , progesterone , and prolactin ) [22] and/or growth factors (e.g., hepatic growth factor , insulin-like growth factor 1 , and epidermal growth factor ) in the breasts. [23] [24] Macromastic breasts are reported to be composed mainly of adipose and fibrous tissue, while glandular tissue remains essentially stable. [25] Macromastia occurs in approximately half of women with aromatase excess syndrome (a condition of hyperestrogenism ). [26] [27] Hyperprolactinemia has been reported as a cause of some cases of macromastia. [28] [29] Macromastia has also been associated with hypercalcemia (which is thought to be due to excessive production of parathyroid hormone-related protein ) and, rarely, systemic lupus erythematosus [25] and pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia . [30] It is also notable that approximately two-thirds of women with macromastia are obese . [25] Aside from aromatase (as in aromatase excess syndrome), at least two other genetic mutations (one in PTEN ) have been implicated in causing macromastia. [31] [32] A handful of drugs have been associated with gigantomastia, including penicillamine , bucillamine , neothetazone , ciclosporin , indinavir , and prednisolone . [25] [33] [34] Treatment [ edit ] Medical treatment has not proven consistently effective. ... "Macromastia in a newborn with Alagille syndrome". Pediatric Radiology . 29 (5): 331–333. doi : 10.1007/s002470050601 . ... "Understanding the pathological manifestations of aromatase excess syndrome: lessons for clinical diagnosis" . ... PMID 12163417 . ^ Genzer-Nir, Mira; Khayat, Morad; Kogan, Leonid; Cohen, Hector I; Hershkowitz, Miriam; Geiger, Dan; Falik-Zaccai, Tzipora C (2010). "Mammary-digital-nail (MDN) syndrome: a novel phenotype maps to human chromosome 22q12.3–13.1" .
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Soy Allergy
Wikipedia
PMID 27637372 . ^ a b "Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome" . National Organization for Rare Disorders . ... "Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome: Insights From Review of a Large Referral Population" (PDF) . ... "International consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: Executive summary-Workgroup Report of the Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology" . ... "Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: a review of the new guidelines" . ... "Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome and allergic proctocolitis" . Allergy and Asthma Proceedings . 36 (3): 172–84. doi : 10.2500/aap.2015.36.3811 .
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Kaposi's Sarcoma
Wikipedia
Characteristic purple lesions on the nose in an HIV-positive female. [1] Pronunciation / k æ ˈ p oʊ s i z / , [2] / ˈ k ɑː p ə s i z , ˈ k æ p ə -/ [3] Specialty Oncology Symptoms Purple colored skin lesions [4] Types Classic, endemic, immunosuppression therapy-related, epidemic [4] [5] Risk factors Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), poor immune function [4] [6] Diagnostic method Tissue biopsy , medical imaging [6] [4] Differential diagnosis Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome , pyogenic granuloma , melanocytic nevi , melanoma [6] Treatment Surgery, chemotherapy , radiation therapy , biologic therapy [4] Frequency 42,000 (new cases, 2018) [7] Deaths 20,000 (2018) [7] Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS ) is a type of cancer that can form masses in the skin , lymph nodes , or other organs . [4] The skin lesions are usually purple in color. [4] They can occur singly or in a limited area, or may be widespread. [8] It may worsen either gradually or quickly. [6] Lesions may be flat or raised. [6] Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is found in the lesions of all those who are affected. [4] Risk factors include poor immune function , either as a result of disease or specific medications, and chronic lymphedema . [4] [6] Four sub-types are described: classic, endemic, immunosuppression therapy-related, and epidemic. [4] Classic KS tends to affect older men, be slow growing, and affect the legs. [4] Endemic KS occurs in young adult males in Africa and can be more aggressive. [4] Immunosuppression therapy-related KS generally occurs in people following organ transplantation and mostly affects the skin. [4] Epidemic KS occurs in people with AIDS and many parts of the body can be affected. [4] The diagnosis is by tissue biopsy while the extent of disease may be determined by medical imaging . [4] [6] Treatment is based on the sub-type, whether the condition is localized or widespread, and the person's immune function. [6] Localized skin lesions may be treated by surgery, injections of chemotherapy into the lesion, or radiation therapy . [6] Widespread disease may be treated with chemotherapy or biologic therapy . [6] [4] In those with HIV/AIDS highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) prevents and often treats KS. [9] In certain cases the addition of chemotherapy may be required. [9] With widespread disease, death may occur. [6] The condition is relatively common in people with HIV/AIDS and following organ transplant as of 2017. [6] [9] Over 35% of people with AIDS may be affected. [10] It was first described by Moritz Kaposi in 1872. [8] [11] It became more widely known as one of the AIDS-defining illnesses in the 1980s. [8] The virus associated with this cancer was discovered in 1994. [8] [12] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 1.1 Skin 1.2 Mouth 1.3 Gastrointestinal tract 1.4 Respiratory tract 2 Cause 2.1 Transmission 3 Pathology 4 Diagnosis 4.1 Differential diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma 4.2 Classification 5 Prevention 6 Treatment 7 Epidemiology 8 Society 9 References 10 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit ] KS lesions are nodules or blotches that may be red, purple, brown, or black, and are usually papular . [ citation needed ] They are typically found on the skin, but spread elsewhere is common, especially the mouth, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract . ... "Cryotherapy for cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): a phase II trial". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes . 4 (9): 839–46. doi : 10.1097/00126334-199109000-00002 . ... CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2021 ( link ) External links [ edit ] Kaposi sarcoma photo library at Dermnet Classification D ICD - 10 : C46 ICD - 9-CM : 176 ICD-O : M9140/3 OMIM : 148000 MeSH : D012514 DiseasesDB : 7105 External resources MedlinePlus : 000661 eMedicine : med/1218 derm/203 oph/481 Patient UK : Kaposi's sarcoma v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis Squamous-cell carcinoma Basal-cell carcinoma Merkel-cell carcinoma Nevus sebaceous Trichoepithelioma Pigmented Freckles Lentigo Melasma Nevus Melanoma Dermal and subcutaneous Epidermal inclusion cyst Hemangioma Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma) Keloid Lipoma Neurofibroma Xanthoma Kaposi's sarcoma Infantile digital fibromatosis Granular cell tumor Leiomyoma Lymphangioma circumscriptum Myxoid cyst Rashes With epidermal involvement Eczematous Contact dermatitis Atopic dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis Stasis dermatitis Lichen simplex chronicus Darier's disease Glucagonoma syndrome Langerhans cell histiocytosis Lichen sclerosus Pemphigus foliaceus Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome Zinc deficiency Scaling Psoriasis Tinea ( Corporis Cruris Pedis Manuum Faciei ) Pityriasis rosea Secondary syphilis Mycosis fungoides Systemic lupus erythematosus Pityriasis rubra pilaris Parapsoriasis Ichthyosis Blistering Herpes simplex Herpes zoster Varicella Bullous impetigo Acute contact dermatitis Pemphigus vulgaris Bullous pemphigoid Dermatitis herpetiformis Porphyria cutanea tarda Epidermolysis bullosa simplex Papular Scabies Insect bite reactions Lichen planus Miliaria Keratosis pilaris Lichen spinulosus Transient acantholytic dermatosis Lichen nitidus Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta Pustular Acne vulgaris Acne rosacea Folliculitis Impetigo Candidiasis Gonococcemia Dermatophyte Coccidioidomycosis Subcorneal pustular dermatosis Hypopigmented Tinea versicolor Vitiligo Pityriasis alba Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation Tuberous sclerosis Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis Leprosy Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides Without epidermal involvement Red Blanchable Erythema Generalized Drug eruptions Viral exanthems Toxic erythema Systemic lupus erythematosus Localized Cellulitis Abscess Boil Erythema nodosum Carcinoid syndrome Fixed drug eruption Specialized Urticaria Erythema ( Multiforme Migrans Gyratum repens Annulare centrifugum Ab igne ) Nonblanchable Purpura Macular Thrombocytopenic purpura Actinic/solar purpura Papular Disseminated intravascular coagulation Vasculitis Indurated Scleroderma / morphea Granuloma annulare Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus Necrobiosis lipoidica Miscellaneous disorders Ulcers Hair Telogen effluvium Androgenic alopecia Alopecia areata Systemic lupus erythematosus Tinea capitis Loose anagen syndrome Lichen planopilaris Folliculitis decalvans Acne keloidalis nuchae Nail Onychomycosis Psoriasis Paronychia Ingrown nail Mucous membrane Aphthous stomatitis Oral candidiasis Lichen planus Leukoplakia Pemphigus vulgaris Mucous membrane pemphigoid Cicatricial pemphigoid Herpesvirus Coxsackievirus Syphilis Systemic histoplasmosis Squamous-cell carcinoma v t e Tumours of blood vessels Blood vessel Hemangiosarcoma Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome Hemangioendothelioma Composite Endovascular papillary Epithelioid Kaposiform Infantile Retiform ) Spindle cell Proliferating angioendotheliomatosis Hemangiopericytoma Venous lake Kaposi's sarcoma African cutaneous African lymphadenopathic AIDS-associated Classic Immunosuppression-associated Hemangioblastoma Hemangioma Capillary Cavernous Glomeruloid Microvenular Targeted hemosiderotic Angioma Cherry Seriginosum Spider Tufted Universal angiomatosis Angiokeratoma of Mibelli Angiolipoma Pyogenic granuloma Lymphatic Lymphangioma / lymphangiosarcoma Lymphangioma circumscriptum Acquired progressive lymphangioma PEComa Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Cystic hygroma Multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis Lymphangiomatosis Either Angioma / angiosarcoma Angiofibroma v t e Skin infections , symptoms and signs related to viruses DNA virus Herpesviridae Alpha HSV Herpes simplex Herpetic whitlow Herpes gladiatorum Herpes simplex keratitis Herpetic sycosis Neonatal herpes simplex Herpes genitalis Herpes labialis Eczema herpeticum Herpetiform esophagitis Herpes B virus B virus infection VZV Chickenpox Herpes zoster Herpes zoster oticus Ophthalmic zoster Disseminated herpes zoster Zoster-associated pain Modified varicella-like syndrome Beta Human herpesvirus 6 / Roseolovirus Exanthema subitum Roseola vaccinia Cytomegalic inclusion disease Gamma KSHV Kaposi's sarcoma Poxviridae Ortho Variola Smallpox Alastrim MoxV Monkeypox CPXV Cowpox VV Vaccinia Generalized vaccinia Eczema vaccinatum Progressive vaccinia Buffalopox Para Farmyard pox : Milker's nodule Bovine papular stomatitis Pseudocowpox Orf Sealpox Other Yatapoxvirus : Tanapox Yaba monkey tumor virus MCV Molluscum contagiosum Papillomaviridae HPV Wart / plantar wart Heck's disease Genital wart giant Laryngeal papillomatosis Butcher's wart Bowenoid papulosis Epidermodysplasia verruciformis Verruca plana Pigmented wart Verrucae palmares et plantares BPV Equine sarcoid Parvoviridae Parvovirus B19 Erythema infectiosum Reticulocytopenia Papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome Polyomaviridae Merkel cell polyomavirus Merkel cell carcinoma RNA virus Paramyxoviridae MeV Measles Togaviridae Rubella virus Rubella Congenital rubella syndrome ("German measles" ) Alphavirus infection Chikungunya fever Picornaviridae CAV Hand, foot, and mouth disease Herpangina FMDV Foot-and-mouth disease Boston exanthem disease Ungrouped Asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood Post-vaccination follicular eruption Lipschütz ulcer Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis Viral-associated trichodysplasia Gianotti–Crosti syndromeIL6, GPR42, TNFRSF4, ADRA1A, LPAR2, ACKR3, MRGPRF, EDNRA, CXCR6, TP53, BRS3, BCL2, SSTR4, ADRA2B, PCNA, RBFOX2, VEGFA, HIF1A, CASP8, WDR19, SHISA8, TAT, IL1B, IRF4, IFNA1, FLT4, ANGPT2, RAC1, CXCL8, STAT3, FGF2, FAM120C, IFNA13, PROX1, MLYCD, MUC1, MYC, PECAM1, CASP3, KDR, AGRP, DLL4, KIT, TNF, HMOX1, CXCR4, PTGS2, HLA-C, CD274, CDK6, ARTN, GPR166P, EPHA2, GPR151, VN1R17P, IRF3, TLR4, IL1A, MTOR, BCL6, MRGPRX3, CXCR2, LPAR3, FCGR3A, FZD4, MRGPRX4, GPRC6A, OXER1, PIK3CD, PIK3CG, IKBKE, CTCF, XBP1, CDKN1B, HLA-B, MDM2, HLA-A, SLK, PIK3CB, AR, LGR6, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, STAT6, NR3C1, MRGPRX1, RBP4, SUGP1, RBPJ, INTS2, RENBP, IFNB1, ANOS1, IL4, IL6ST, LYVE1, NM, ANGPTL4, PDPN, MKI67, MIP, POMC, MBL2, ADA2, KRT20, LGALS1, KRT15, MUL1, MAPK1, NFE2L2, ITGB3, IRF7, IRF5, INSR, TRIM28, LRPPRC, NPM1, IL10, FSD1, CLIP2, MAP4K4, EPHB2, EPHA1, EIF4E, EFNB2, EDNRB, EDN1, CBLL2, SIGLEC1, CREB1, MIR126, CCR5, TERT, MIR155, CEBPA, CDKN3, CDKN1A, CD40LG, CD40, CD34, CD86, MS4A1, USP7, AKT1, VEGFC, CFLAR, OSM, FAM107B, FGF3, CLIP1, CCL1, GBP1, EPHB4, H2AX, HGF, FSD1L, SDC1, SELE, PRKN, F13A1, ETS1, HLA-DRB1, EZH2, H4C1, H4C8, ADAMTS1, PDLIM7, ZNF629, IL32, XPO1, MSC, H4C3, ARC, ZIC2, DCTN6, H4C11, H4C12, MALT1, H4C2, H4C4, H4C9, KLRK1, H4C6, RAD50, H4C5, AURKB, FADD, TNIP1, SEMA3A, TNFSF10, SOCS1, IKBKG, NDRG1, HDAC5, YAP1, CACNA1G, SOCS6, CIB1, BCL10, SEMA7A, NR0B2, H4C14, CLDN2, KAT5, H4C13, ZNRD2, ARID3B, NCOA2, ACTB, SIRT1, ZNF569, MIR140, MIR125B1, TMEM189-UBE2V1, TMEM189, NDUFS7, TICAM2, ZNF763, OR10A4, IFNL3, MPLKIP, PLVAP, TRIM43, RBM45, H4-16, CGAS, UBASH3B, PWWP3A, KISS1R, MAK16, TCHP, MIR146A, MIR21, MIR30B, MIR30C1, MTCO2P12, RN7SL263P, IFNL4, ERVK-20, KLRC4-KLRK1, TMX2-CTNND1, MIR711, TMED7-TICAM2, CASTOR2, CASTOR1, H4C15, MIR375, LNCR1, BECN2, MIR17HG, MIR99A, MIR34A, MIR31, MIR30C2, CTTNBP2, UNC93B1, HEY1, TMED7, FBXW7, TESC, TLR9, GDE1, SIRT6, TAOK3, TLR7, MZB1, EGFL7, ERVW-1, ZNF436, TNRC6A, RBMS3, AGO2, SND1, LRIT1, SMPX, SLC7A11, DDX58, SRRM2, SHFL, ZNF331, FERMT1, CHD7, COL18A1, PDCD1LG2, TNIP3, EHMT1, SHCBP1, RBM15, CERK, ROBO3, ERVK-6, MIB1, AICDA, PCBP4, SLC12A9, PNO1, SPHK2, ZNF253, WT1, DCP1A, NLRP2, PAG1, OPN1LW, VDR, FOXO3, HP, HLA-G, HLA-DQA1, HDAC1, CXCL1, XCR1, GEM, GABPA, FUS, FOXO1, ITGB1, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF5, FGF4, PTK2B, ERG, EREG, ERBB2, EPHA7, HSPA4, HSP90AA1, ICAM1, ID1, ITGA5, IRF2, IRF1, IRAK1, CXCL10, INHBB, IDO1, IL13, IL12A, CXCR1, IL1RN, IGF2R, IGF2, IGF1R, IGF1, IFNG, IFNA2, IFI27, IFI16, EPHA4, EPAS1, EIF4EBP1, CD80, SERPINH1, RUNX3, CAMP, BUB1, BSG, BCR, OPN1SW, BCL2L1, CCND1, AXL, ATM, ASS1, APEX1, APBA2, APBA1, ANXA6, ANPEP, ALB, JAG1, CD1D, TNFRSF8, EGR1, CD70, EGF, S1PR3, S1PR1, RCAN1, ATN1, DHFR, DDX6, DCN, CTSB, CTNND1, CSHL1, CREBBP, CNR2, CCR6, CCR3, CISH, CEBPB, CDKN2A, CDK1, ITGAV, KIR2DL2, VCAM1, BRD2, SKP2, CXCL12, CCL20, CCL11, CCL5, SCTR, RREB1, RPS6KB1, RPS6KA3, RNASE2, KIR3DL1, RNASE1, REL, RECQL, PLAAT4, PTX3, PTPRC, PTPN6, PTK2, PTBP1, SLC6A3, SLC12A3, SLC22A2, SUMO3, KDM6A, UCHL1, SUMO1, UBE2V1, TYRO3, TYMS, TNFSF4, TSC2, TSC1, TRAF3, TNFAIP3, THBS1, TGFBR2, TGFB1, TEK, MAP3K7, SUV39H1, SSRP1, SUMO2, PSMD9, EIF2AK2, MAP2K1, NBN, COX2, MT3, MRE11, MPO, MNDA, MMP14, MMP13, MMP7, MMP2, MLH1, MCL1, LTA, LRPAP1, LRP1, LPA, LIG4, LGALS3, KRAS, KIR3DS1, GADD45B, NCL, MAPK8, NEDD8, PPARG, POU2F2, POU2AF1, PLCG1, PIN1, PIK3R2, PIK3C2A, PF4V1, PDGFRB, PDGFA, PDCD1, PAX2, PAM, NTRK1, NOS3, NME1, NFKB1, NFATC2, NEUROG1, H3P23
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Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (Gnrh) Deficiency
Gene_reviews
IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. ... The impaired olfactory function in Kallmann syndrome can be either hyposmia or complete anosmia) [Bianco & Kaiser 2009]. ... Distinguishing between isolated GnRH deficiency (IGD) and secondary causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and syndromic/genetic causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism often requires additional clinical, laboratory, and radiologic evaluations. ... Table 4. Syndromes Associated with Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism View in own window Syndrome Genetic Mechanism / Associated Gene Phenotype Reference Bardet-Biedl syndrome Pathogenic variants in of one of 19 genes 1 Developmental delay, visual impairment, postaxial polydactyly, obesity, renal impairment CHARGE syndrome CHD7 Coloboma, heart defect, choanal atresia, growth retardation, ear abnormalities Pinto et al [2005], Lalani & Belmont [2009] Combined pituitary hormone deficiency HESX1 Various degrees of hypopituitarism PROP1 -Related Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency, Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies LHX3 LHX4 POU1F1 PROP1 Gordon-Holmes syndrome OTUD4 PNPLA6 RNF216 STUB1 Cerebellar ataxia, dementia Seminara et al [2002], Margolin et al [2013] HFE -associated hereditary hemochromatosis HFE Cirrhosis, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, arthritis, skin hyperpigmentation Obesity syndromes PCSK1 ( PC1 ) Morbid obesity, hypocortisolism, hypoinsulinemia Jackson et al [1997], Jackson et al [2003] LEP Morbid obesity Strobel et al [1998] LEPR Clément et al [1998] Prader-Willi syndrome Loss of paternal 15q11.2 Hypotonia in infancy, developmental delay, cryptorchidism/microphallus in males, abnormal satiety, intellectual disability Cassidy et al [2012] TUBB3 E410K syndrome (see Tubulinopathies Overview) TUBB3 Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles, facial weakness, developmental delay, sensorimotor polyneuropathy, stereotyped midface hypoplasia, intellectual disabilities & vocal cord paralysis, tracheomalacia & cyclic vomiting Chew et al [2013], Balasubramanian et al [2015] X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita NR0B1 Adrenal failure Xp22.3 contiguous gene deletion syndrome Xp22.3 microdeletion KS, icthyosis, short stature, intellectual disability, chondrodysplasia punctata, digital synkinesia Bick et al [1989], Hou [2005] 1. ... Numerous disorders can give rise to these genital defects, ranging from isolated findings to syndromes such as Prader-Willi syndrome or abnormal pituitary development (see PROP1 -Related Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency).GNRHR, FGFR1, TAC3, TACR3, POLR3B, GNRH1, WDR11, CHD7, SRA1, AXL, FGF17, CCDC141, FLRT3, SPRY4, IL17RD, DUSP6, FEZF1, SEMA3E, ANOS1, PROKR2, FGF8, HS6ST1, PNPLA6, KISS1R, BBS9, RNF216, UBA6-AS1, PROK2, KISS1, IHH, SERPINA4, NSMF, NELL1, P2RY12, RUNX3, GLI1, SOX17, EDNRA, DDOST, CTNNB1, BRS3, ACKR3, LGR6, GPR166P, ACAN, NR0B1, BGLAP, EGFR, MRGPRX3, MRGPRX4, AMH, GPR151, OXER1, GPRC6A, MRGPRX1, VN1R17P, FASLG, LPAR3, EMX1, LIF, NDN, NFATC1, SIX6, PCSK1, PIN1, PLXNA1, MAPK3, MAPK8, BRD2, SSTR4, ADRA2B, IL2, FZD4, SEMA7A, HESX1, LPAR2, GPR42, NR5A1, CXCR6, ESR1, MCF2L, ADRA1A